Spec_Vol_5_3_W912PL-12-R-0018.pdf

FY12 WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION NO.: 1858

FT. IRWIN, CA

APPENDIX W CONTINUED

FOR INFORMATION ONLY

DRAFT WATER SYSTEM MASTER PLAN FORT IRWIN

CIP PROJECT W21

FY12 WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SPECIFICATION NO.: 1858

FT. IRWIN, CA

Contract DACA87-02-D-0037

D r a f t S u b m i t t a l

Water System Master Plan Fort Irwin CIP Project W21

Prepared for

The United States Army Fort Irwin, California

February 2008

P.O. Box 10450 Fort Irwin, CA 92310-0450

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Contents

Contents.......................................................................................................................................... i Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary

Introduction Existing Water System Description Regulations Hydraulic Evaluation and Deficiencies Other Deficiencies Capital Improvement Plan

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Purpose

1.2 Scope of Work

2.0 Existing Water System Description

2.1 Domestic Water (DO) System

2.1.1 Description

2.1.2 Inventory

2.2 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water System

2.2.1 Description

2.2.2 Inventory

2.2.3 Capacity Analysis

2.3 Water Quality

2.3.1 Federal and California Arsenic Rules

2.3.2 Fort Irwin Drinking Water Quality Goals

2.4 Regulatory Requirements and Applicable Standards for Water System Improvements

2.4.1 State of California Domestic Water Supply Permit

2.4.2 U.S. Army Regulations

3.0 Existing Capital Plan

3.1 Background

3.2 Additional and Revised CIP Projects

4.0 Distribution System Hydraulic Evaluation for Future Growth

4.1 Summary of 2007 Model Construction and Findings

4.1.1 Modeling Data Development

4.1.2 Water Distribution System Performance Criteria

4.1.3 Model Construction

4.1.4 Model Scenarios

4.1.5 Model Results and Discussion

4.2 Alternatives to Meet Short Term Growth and Fire Flow Demands

4.2.1 Future System

4.2.2 Short Term Growth Population Projections and Future Water

Allocation

4.2.3 Model Construction

WATER SYSTEM MASTER PLAN FORT IRWIN CIP PROJECT W21

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II

4.2.4 Model Network

4.2.5 Demand Allocation

4.2.6 Model Scenarios

4.2.7 Model Results and Discussion

5.0 System Deficiencies Beyond the Distribution System Capacity

5.1 Source Capacity

5.1.1 Recommended Improvements

5.2 Water Treatment Plant Capacity

5.3 Treated Water Storage

5.4 Treated Water Transmission Capacity

5.5 Untreated Water Transmission Capacity

5.6 Distribution System Improvements

5.6.1 Recommended Improvements

5.7 Conservation

6.0 Phased Capital Improvement Plan

6.1 Categorization and Prioritization

6.2 New & Altered CIP Project Scopes of Work

6.2.1 W9 Install Water Meters

6.2.2 W13 Install DO Pressure Regulating Valves

6.2.3 W31 Connect Miscellaneous Buildings to DO Water

6.2.4 W32 Improve Fire Flow Phase 1

6.2.5 W33 Improve Fire Flow Phase 2

6.2.6 W34 Improve Fire Flow Phase 3

6.2.7 W35 Improve Fire Flow Phase 4

6.3 Environmental Assessment

Tables ES-1 Recommended System Improvements ES-2 Additional Recommended System Improvements 2-1 Domestic Water System Inventory 2-2 Reverse Osmosis Water System Inventory 2-3 Proposed Water Quality Goals 3-1 Draft 2008 Capital Improvement Plan 4-1 2007 System Demand by Pressure Zone 4-2 Summary of Performance Criteria 4-3 Fire Flow Zone Requirements 4-4 Summary of Model Scenarios 4-5 Summary of Model Scenario Results 4-6 2007 through 2012 Proposed Army Development Master Plan 4-7 Short-Term Growth System Demand by Pressure Zone 4-8 Summary of Short-Term Model Scenarios 4-9 Recommended System Improvements 5-1 Water System Capacity in 2012 6-1 Revised Capital Improvement Plan 6-2 Summary of Recommended Distribution System Environmental Impacts

III

Figures 2-1 Existing DO Water Distribution System 2-2 Existing RO Water Distribution Syst4em 3-1 Single Drinking Water System Configuration 4-1 DO System Model Nodes Classified by Fire Flow 4-2 Existing DO Water Distribution System Pressure and Velocity Analysis (2007 PHD

Condition) 4-3 Existing DO Water Distribution System – 2007 Fire Flow Deficiencies 4-4 Future Water Treatment and Distribution System Configuration with

Addition of CIP 4-5 Fort Irwin Short-Term (5-year) Growth Master Plan (Draft) 4-6 Short-Term Growth Water Distribution System Pressure and Velocity Analysis 4-7 Short-Term Growth Water Distribution System Fire Flow Deficiencies 4-8 Short-Term Growth Water Distribution System Improvements for Fire Flow

Capacity 4-9 Short-Term Growth Water Distribution System Pressure and Velocity Analysis with

Fire Flow Improvement Piping Changes 4-10 Short-Term Growth Water Distribution System Fire Flow Deficiencies with Fire Flow

Improvement Piping Changes 5-1 Water System Limits Compared to Fort Irwin Population 6-1 Location of CIP Projects

IV

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AACE American Association of Cost Engineers

AACEI American Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering International

AAR activated alumina regenerable

ACR Armored Cavalry Regiment

ADD average daily demand

ASP Ammunition Supply Point

CIAC Contribution in Aid of Construction

CIP capital improvement plan

CSBC Combat Support Brigade Complex

DFAC Dining Facilities Administration Center

DHS Department of Health Services

DO domestic

EDR electrodialysis reversal

GIS geographic information system gpd gallons per day

MCL maximum contaminant level

MDD maximum daily demand

MG million gallons mgd million gallons per day

ODBC open database connectivity

PHD peak hourly demand

PRV pressure reducing valve psi pound per square inch

RCI Residential Communities Initiative

RO reverse osmosis

TO task order

USACHPPM U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine

USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

WTP water treatment plant

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Executive Summary

Introduction The Fort Irwin water supply system serves approximately 10,000 residents, 3,500 non-resident civilian day-workers, and between 4,000 and 6,000 soldiers during rotational troop training periods. The water system supplies customers with disinfected and treated groundwater from three well fields, the Bicycle Lake well field, the Langford Lake well field, and the Irwin Basin within the Cantonment. The purpose of this master plan is to provide the Army with adequate information concerning the ability of the existing water distribution system and the upgrades necessary to meet the requirements of Fort Irwin’s expected population growth. It details the existing deficiencies in the system as well as those that are likely to occur as more personnel are added to the Post. It also includes options for reducing and mitigating those deficiencies. With this information, capital investments can be determined to meet the water supply needs of increased population at Fort Irwin.

Existing Water System Description The existing distribution system contains approximately 61 miles of piping, ranging in size from 2 to 16 inches in diameter, with the oldest pipe installed in 1952. The water system is fed from wells located at Bicycle Lake, Langford Lake, and the Irwin Basin. Booster pumping stations are located at both Bicycle Lake and Langford Lake. The Bicycle Lake booster pumping station consists of a 500,000-gallon storage tank and three booster pumps.

The Langford Lake booster pumping station consists of a 110,000-gallon storage tank and three booster pumps. The Irwin well delivers directly to the distribution system. All groundwater is disinfected with sodium hypochlorite before entering the distribution system.

Two water distribution systems exist at Fort Irwin: The domestic (DO) system and the reverse osmosis-treated (RO) system. Up to 150,000 gallons per day (gpd) of DO water is processed in a reverse osmosis treatment plant to produce drinking water that meets all applicable standards. The drinking or RO water is distributed to all residences and most other facilities through an independent distribution system. DO water is also distributed to all residences and other facilities through its independent system. DO water is intended for uses other than personal consumption, including irrigation, toilet flushing, laundry, industrial uses, etc. For additional background on the distribution systems, the reader is referred to the report Fort Irwin CIP Project W1 Investigation for the Combination of the DO and RO Water Systems (CH2M HILL, June 2007).

There are eight pressure zones associated with the DO system. One pressure zone is supplied directly from the onsite storage tanks, and the other seven pressure zones are supplied through pressure reducing valves (PRV) from neighboring zones.

CH2M HILL developed a water distribution model in 2003. The model was updated to reflect year 2007 operating conditions and new construction that has occurred since the initial

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model was developed. A hydraulic evaluation was performed to determine current year 2007 operating conditions and to identify any hydraulic capacity issues.

The existing Fort Irwin DO system does not have any areas of low pressure during average daily demand (ADD) conditions. There are, however, large areas where pressure is greater than 80 pounds per square inch (psi) under ADD conditions. During peak hourly demand (PHD) conditions, a low-pressure area exists along Silver Mine Drive and Gold Nugget Way. During PHD conditions, the high-pressure areas, though smaller in size, still exist.

Low fire-flow conditions exist along the eastern quarter of the system in two areas. This is caused by long distribution system lengths and small main diameters.

Regulations Water in both existing water distribution systems is potable as defined in the January 15, 2004, State of California Domestic Water Supply Permit to the United States Department of the Army for the Fort Irwin Water System (permit number 03-13-04(P)-001) issued by the California Department of Health Services (DHS).

As a consequence of the DHS determination, all water delivered to consumers must meet all state and federal drinking water requirements. The current RO water meets all of the state and federal drinking water requirements. The disinfected, but otherwise untreated, well water distributed in the DO system does not meet the maximum contamination limit (MCL) for arsenic and fluoride. To comply with the requirements, a new Water Treatment Plant (WTP) will be constructed capable of producing all of the water used at Fort Irwin (i.e., approximately 6 million gallons per day [mgd]).

Conversion to a Single Drinking Water System The report Fort Irwin CIP Project W1 Investigation for the Combination of the DO and RO Water Systems (CH2M HILL, June 2007) has recommended how the conversion to a single distribution system will occur. This conversion will be implemented after the new WTP is constructed. When the new WTP is operational, the existing RO treatment plant, reservoirs, and distribution system will be decommissioned. The eight pressure zones comprising the existing DO distribution system will continue to be used as they are currently; however, a number of modifications will be required to prevent mixing of untreated and treated water in the system.

When the new WTP has been constructed and is operational, untreated water will be pumped via a new Bicycle Lake bypass pipeline to the new WTP. The two existing 1-million-gallon (MG) tanks (JPL-2 and JPL-3) located on the hill to the west of Fort Irwin, and one new 1-MG tank located on the WTP site will provide treated water storage for the Post. The existing 1-MG tank (JPL-1) on Goldstone Road near the WTP will continue to supply water to the stables and the NASA Goldstone facility; and will also serve the Cantonment.

Treated water from the new WTP and treated water storage reservoirs will enter the west side of the distribution system as water has in the past. To enable the distribution system to function hydraulically as in the past, treated water will also be delivered to the northeast side of the system through a new transmission line around North Loop Road from Goldstone Road to the 16-inch main on Barstow Road. This will replace the current supply

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to the distribution grid (approximately 50 percent of the total) from the Bicycle Lake untreated water source.

Hydraulic Evaluation and Deficiencies The water system hydraulic models were updated to include Army development projects planned to be completed over the next 5 years (April 1, 2007, through March 31, 2012). The Army has indicated the new facilities will include: 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment (ACR);

Combat Support Brigade (CSB); Sandy Basin, Cactus Cove, and Sleepy Hollow Residential Communities Initiative (RCI) Housing and the Towne Center development. CH2M HILL estimated the demands for these facilities based on similar facilities already on Post using the current average per capita demand of 125 gpd. The total ADD added to the system in the short-term is estimated to be 249,480 gpd.

The driving performance requirements for improvements to the water distribution system are the Fort Irwin Fire Department fire flow zone requirements. The total required flow to a facility while fighting a fire is half of the zone ADD, plus the fire flow that is required based upon the fire zone. Minor relative increases in demand due to an increase in personnel do not greatly change the fire flow requirement. ADDs in all zones at Fort Irwin are in the hundreds of gpm. Fire flow zone requirements are in the thousands of gpm. Therefore, increasing the ADD will not necessitate a significant increase in fire-flow demand because it is the fire flow zone requirements that drive the overall performance criteria. In addition, increases in the number of buildings will not necessitate an increase in fire flow because it is assumed that only one fire will be fought at a time.

Recommended improvements in the system include increasing pipe diameter or paralleling long sections of undersized pipe. Approximately 3.4 miles of pipe need to be upgraded or added to the system. Additional zone-to-zone pressure reduction valves (PRVs) also would provide a greater volume of water and increase the reliability of flow. The recommended improvements are outlined in Tables ES-1 and ES-2.

Other Deficiencies Capacity of each major component of the overall water system, including source (supply) facilities, untreated water transmission, WTP, treated water storage, and treated water transmission was reviewed to identify other improvements needed for long-term growth.

The most critical deficiency in the overall system is source capacity (wells and well pumps), the capacity of which must equal at least MDD. A practical solution to supply deficiency is conservation. Currently, a significant amount of the water produced (on the order of 2 mgd, or half the total production) is used for irrigation. To best manage this critical resource and to help meet potential growth in water demand, the Army is assessing the potential benefits of water conservation measures and implementing a Water Demand Management Plan in Project W30 Water Conservation Analysis and Recommended Water Demand Management Plan.

Capital Improvement Plan Following is a summary of the water distribution system improvements recommended in this Master Plan. Table ES-1 is a summary of the recommended distribution water system

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improvements to address hydraulic deficiencies. All of these proposed CIP projects are to improve fire flows. All of the projects in Tables ES-1 are included in the Draft 2008 Capital Improvement Plan. No environmental impacts of consequence are anticipated by these improvements because they are all located within the established Fort Irwin Cantonment.

TABLE ES-1

Recommended System Improvements (Modifications to Current CIP Projects for Short-Term Growth & Fire Flow Requirements)

CIP

Project

Recommended Diameter (in)

Length

(ft) Project Location Project Justification

W32 12 2,830 Along B Street between 4th Street and 1st Street, south along 1st Street to Barstow Road, and along Barstow Road to Langford Lake Road

This improvement is recommended to increase fire-flow capacity Fire Zone 5.

W33a 12 1,030 Near intersection of Barstow Road and Normandy Drive

This improvement is recommended to increase fire-flow capacity in Fire Zone 3.

W33b 12 300 The 150-foot connection between North Loop Transmission Line and Pressure Zone 2778 distribution loops at Gold Nugget Drive and 5th Street.

This improvement is necessary to increase fire-flow capacity along North Loop Road, and remove pressure deficiencies indicated in the model during PHD conditions.

W33c 2 PRVs to zone

- At intersection of Barstow Road and 2nd Street, and at intersection of Barstow Road and 7th Street

This improvement is recommended to improve system operation and fire-flow capacity in Fire Zone 5.

W34a 12 1,460 Along 9th Street between Avenue B and Barstow Road

This improvement is recommended to increase fire-flow capacity in Fire Zones 5 and 8.

W34b 8 840 Near intersection of Inner Loop Road and Barstow Road

This improvement is recommended to improve system looping by connecting two existing dead-end lines and improve fire-flow capacity.

W34c 8 4,520 Along the existing line that runs to the southeast from the intersection of Barstow Road and 7th Street

This improvement is recommended to improve system looping and increase fire-flow capacity in Fire Zone 8.

W35a 8 4,380 Along 7th Street between South Loop Road and the southern end of 7th Street

This improvement is recommended to improve system looping and increase fire-flow capacity in Fire Zone 8.

W35b 8 880 Near intersection of Barstow Road and North Loop Road

This improvement is recommended to supply the future S&T building.

W35c 8 60 At intersection of South Loop Road and 7th Street

This improvement is recommended to increase the fire-flow capacity in Fire Zone 8.

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TABLE ES-1

Recommended System Improvements (Modifications to Current CIP Projects for Short-Term Growth & Fire Flow Requirements)

CIP

Project

Recommended Diameter (in)

Length

(ft) Project Location Project Justification

W35d 8 1,200 Near intersection of Inner Loop Road and G Avenue

This improvement is recommended to improve system looping by connecting two existing dead-end lines and improve fire-flow capacity.

W35e 10 620 Near intersection of Salerno Drive and Barstow Road

This improvement is recommended to improve system looping by connecting two existing dead-end lines and improve fire-flow capacity.

Table ES-2 lists two additional projects that are recommended for other than hydraulic improvement reasons. Similarly to the projects listed in Table ES-1, Table ES-2 projects are included in the Draft 2008 Capital Improvement Plan and no environmental impacts of consequence are anticipated by these improvements.

TABLE ES-2

Additional Recommended System Improvements

CIP Project Project Location Project Justification

W9 Install Water Meters 19 locations – at PRVs, Water Treatment Plant, Water Tanks, major water mains

Metering where water is consumed on Post. Improving accuracy of water model and management of the water system with new development.

W31 Connect Misc Buildings to DO System

Various locations When RO system abandoned, buildings need to be converted over to single pipe system.

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SECTION 1.0

Introduction

1.1 Purpose

This report is submitted to fulfill the requirements of the scope of work for Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) Project W21, Water System Master Plan, covered by Task Order No. 0008 (TO#0008) of Contract No. DACA97-02-D-0037.

The purpose of this Master Plan is to provide information concerning the ability of the water distribution system to adequately serve Fort Irwin and to describe the upgrades necessary to meet the requirements of Fort Irwin’s expected population growth in the 2007 to 2012 time frame. This Master Plan describes the existing deficiencies in the system as well as those that are likely to occur as the Post population increases over time. Based upon the analyses performed, capital improvements are recommended to meet the water distribution needs of increased population at Fort Irwin. This report has been prepared subsequent to preparation of the Fort Irwin CIP Project W1 Investigation for the Combination of the DO and RO Water Systems (CH2M HILL, June 2007).

1.2 Scope of Work

This report is a summary of the existing work to date on the Fort Irwin water system and a discussion of the phasing and timing of the capital projects that are needed in the future.

This report builds on the work conducted in the combination study (CIP Project W1) and previous Annual Plans. Relevant portions of these reports are discussed within.

CH2M HILL performed the following work tasks for this investigation:

Planning

• Study and analyze the Fort Irwin Land Use Master Plan and associated population growth plans.

• Estimate the 5-year water demand increases based on the Army’s short-term development plan, Fort Irwin Long-Range Master Plan – Draft, dated 12 October, 2006.

Modeling

• Update and calibrate the existing hydraulic model using data collected in the field from the Fort Irwin water system.

• Assess the effects of combining the existing RO and DO distribution systems and construction of a new Water Treatment Plant on the west side of the Cantonment.

• Determine how much more demand can be placed on the water system without needing to upgrade the system beyond those improvements required in the short term.

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Identifying Deficiencies

• Identify deficiencies in the existing water distribution system that would inhibit the system’s performance (inadequate flows, inadequate pressures) when those short-term (5-year) demands are added.

• Recommend Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) projects as needed to adequately provide water when those short-term demands are added.

• Evaluate the potential environmental impacts of the recommended CIP projects.

• Conduct field reconnaissance to evaluate existing conditions and to identify potential environmental, feasibility, and design concerns of potential upgrades.

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SECTION 2.0

Existing Water System Description1

Fort Irwin has a current equivalent population of approximately 19,300 people composed of approximately 10,000 resident soldiers and dependents, approximately 3,500 civilian and contractor day-workers, and a monthly average of approximately 5,800 rotational trainee forces. However, the population can be as high as 22,000 during routine troop training rotations, which typically last 4 to 6 weeks. Water demand at Fort Irwin fluctuates due to troop rotations and seasonal irrigation demands.

Irwin Basin, Bicycle Lake Basin, and Langford Lake Basin groundwater aquifers supply all of the water used at Fort Irwin. Two grades of water are distributed through two independent storage and distribution systems. Figures 2-1 and 2-2 show the general layout of the two water distribution systems, including wells, reservoirs (storage tanks), pump stations, treatment plant, and PRV locations.

High-quality drinking water is produced by removing fluoride, arsenic, and other constituents from the domestic groundwater source by reverse osmosis. The existing RO treatment plant is capable of producing approximately 150,000 gallons per day (gpd). The RO water is plumbed into most buildings on Post through a separate RO water distribution system. In residences, the RO water is dispensed through a single faucet at the kitchen sink, and in some newer homes and buildings, through an additional faucet at the bathroom sink.

The domestic (DO) water distribution system provides water for all other uses, such as bathing, irrigation, toilet flushing, laundry, fire-fighting, etc. After being disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, groundwater is distributed through the DO water system to most buildings and facilities on post. DO water contains fluoride and arsenic that exceeds the current State of California maximum contaminant level (MCL).

The topography of the post is relatively uniform, sloping from the northwest to the southeast. The storage tanks are located at the highest point in the system, while the facilities southeast of South Loop Road are at the lowest point. This change in elevation results in increased water pressure as the water is conveyed from the high point to the low point.

2.1 Domestic Water (DO) System

2.1.1 Description

Figure 2-1 shows the general layout of the domestic water system. The DO water system is fed from wells located at Bicycle Lake, Langford Lake, and the Irwin Basin well field.

Booster pumping stations are located at both Bicycle Lake and Langford Lake. The Bicycle Lake booster pumping station consists of a 500,000-gallon storage tank, three booster pumps

1 This section provides general background information on the Fort Irwin water system and contains much of the same information in Section 2.0 of the report Fort Irwin CIP Project W1 Investigation for the Combination of the DO and RO Water Systems.

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and a sodium hypochlorite disinfection system. The Langford Lake booster pumping station consists of a 110,000-gallon storage tank, three booster pumps and. a sodium hypochlorite disinfection system. The single Irwin well (well I-7) delivers groundwater directly to the DO distribution system within the Cantonment. DO water is disinfected with sodium hypochlorite at the booster pump stations and at the well head in the Irwin Basin.

The DO water is pumped to four storage tanks, and the water is gravity-fed through the pipe system based on demand. There are three aboveground tanks and one underground reservoir for the domestic water system, which provide a total of 4.0 million gallons of available storage. Three 1-million-gallon (MG) above-ground tanks (JPL 1, JPL 2, and JPL 3) are located on the hill to the west of the Cantonment. The upper residential portions of the Cantonment are supplied by these tanks. A 1-MG underground storage tank, located in the northern residential area, serves lower pressure zones in the Cantonment. There are eight pressure zones associated with the DO system. Pressure zones 2778 and 2632 are supplied directly from the JPL storage tanks. Pressure zones 2612, 2615, 2630, 2655, 2657, and 2748 are supplied from higher pressure zones and are regulated by pressure reducing valves (PRVs).

2.1.2 Inventory

The DO distribution system contains approximately 61 miles of piping, ranging in size from 2 to 16 inches in diameter, with the oldest pipe installed in 1952. A summary of the DO pipe inventory is presented in Table 2-1. This inventory was based upon the existing hydraulic model that was developed from the US Army GIS database by CH2M HILL in 2003.

TABLE 2-1

Domestic Water System Inventory

Pipe Length (feet) by Material Type Water Main Diameter

(inch) Length (feet)

Percentage of Total

(%) Transite Cement-Lined

Cast Iron Cast Iron

Galvanized Steel PVC Steel

2 6,398 2.0 338 85 332 2,891 2,752 -

4 7,068 2.2 3,081 - 2,740 1,278 -

6 36,763 11.4 25,285 - 1,350 - 8,649 1,479

8 184,399 57.3 50,035 5,443 2,143 29 126,749 -

10 12,274 3.8 4,659 1,254 - - 6,361 -

12 19,988 6.2 1744 2,129 908 - 15,207 -

14 705 0.2 - 705 - - - -

16 53,949 16.8 2,652 27,864 551 22,882 -

Totals 321,544 100.0 87,794 37,480 5,284 5,628 183,879 1,479 Note: Length totals do not include any portion of the RO system.

Based on the September 2006 Pipe Corrosion and Leak Detection project report, the following is known about the condition of the DO distribution system piping:

• In general, the DO water mains are considered suitable for continued service.

• No current leaks were found in buried metallic piping, and only three valve leaks were identified.

• Based on the soil resistivity and soil chemistry testing, the Fort Irwin soil conditions would be considered only mildly to moderately corrosive.

5th Street

3rd Street

8th Street

G Ave nue

Rhin ela nd D riv e

Por k

Cho p

Hill Stre et

Land Fill Road

Nor m an dy

D riv e

4th Street

9th Street

7th Street

Langford Lake R oad

Salerno Drive

5th Street

B A ve nu e

5th Street

5th Street B A ve nu e

8th Street

Alvord Drive

South Lo op R oad

North Loop R oad

Goldstone Road

In ne r L oo p Roa d

Bar st ow R oa d

N orth Loop R oad

Bar st ow R oa d

R hin e la n d

D rive

So ut h Lo op R oa d

Inner Loop R oad

FromLangford Lake

FromBicycle Lake

1MG Underground Storage Tank

JPL 3

JPL 2

JPL 1

0 1,000 2,000500 Feet

Figure 2-2 Existing DO Water Distribution System

Pressure Zone

Well

Tank

Existing PRV

Existing Pipe

Fort Irwin Water System Master Plan

File Path: \\Simba\proj\UsArmyEngineeringSup\330008FortIrwin\Wastewater_System\GIS\Layouts\DrinkingWater\2_2_WW_ExistingSystems.mxd, Date: January 23, 2008 gguyll Text Box 2-1

0 1,000 2,000500 Feet

Figure 2-3 Existing RO Water Distribution System

Pressure Zone

Well

Tank

RO Plant

RO System

Fort Irwin Water System Master Plan

File Path: \\Simba\proj\UsArmyEngineeringSup\330008FortIrwin\Wastewater_System\GIS\Layouts\DrinkingWater\2_3_WW_ExistingSystems.mxd, Date: January 23, 2008 gguyll Text Box 2-2

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2.2 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water System

2.2.1 Description

Figure 2-2 shows the general layout of the RO water distribution system. A reverse osmosis water treatment plant located near the center of the Cantonment produces the RO water.

DO water is the feedwater for the RO plant. The RO water is pumped from the RO plant to three storage tanks and, based on demand, is gravity-fed through the pipe system. A 20,000-gallon RO storage tank is located on the hill below tanks JPL 2 and JPL 3. Additional 150,000-gallon and 250,000-gallon RO storage tanks are located south of the underground DO storage tank. Booster pumps at the RO plant supply water to the tanks, Three pressure zones are associated with the RO system. Pressure Zone 2707 is supplied from the 20,000-gallon tank. Pressure Zone 2623 is supplied from the 150,000-gallon and 250,000-gallon tanks, and Pressure Zone 2575 is supplied from the RO plant.

2.2.2 Inventory

The majority of the 28-mile-long RO distribution system piping ranges in size from ¾ to 8 inches in diameter. A summary of the RO water pipe inventory is presented in Table 2-2.

This inventory was based upon the existing hydraulic model that was developed from the US Army GIS database.

TABLE 2-2

Reverse Osmosis Water System Inventory

Pipe Length (feet) by Material Type Water Main Diameter

(inch) Length (feet)

Percentage of Total

(%) Transite

Cement- Lined

Cast Iron Cast Iron

Galvanized Steel PVC Steel

3/4 345 0.3 - - - 345 -

1 9,904 6.5 - - - 9,646 259 -

1 1/4 3,356 2.2 - - - 1,452 1,905 -

1 1/2 4,854 3.2 - - - 3,392 1,463 -

2 59,197 39.0 1,047 - 17,396 40,754 -

2 1/2 2,605 1.7 - - - - 2,605 -

3 4,157 2.7 - - - - 4,157 -

4 41,843 27.6 2,898 - - 3,674 35,271 -

6 21,694 14.3 248 - - 877 20,569 -

8 3,749 2.5 229 - - 3,520 -

Totals 151,704 100.0 4,422 - 36,437 110,848 -

2.2.3 Capacity Analysis

The hydraulic model for the RO system has not been completely calibrated due to lack of installed flow and pressure calibration data monitoring points. As a result, the RO model results have not been completely verified with actual field data and may not be fully accurate representation of the RO water system capacity and deficiencies. However, in the course of collecting data for the model, CH2M HILL staff has been able to obtain field

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information regarding RO system capacities and operating conditions. The major issues are low pressures, especially in the Commander’s Loop area.

2.3 Water Quality

2.3.1 Federal and California Arsenic Rules

The USEPA has set a Federal Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 μg/L (i.e. 10 parts per billion) for arsenic in drinking water. This arsenic standard was adopted on January 22, 2001, and became effective on February 22, 2002. The date by which systems must comply with the new standard was January 23, 2006. The Arsenic and Clarifications to Compliance and New Source Contaminants Monitoring Final Rule was published in the Federal Register (66 FR 6976) on January 22, 2001.

California Department of Health Services (DHS) will implement the Federal MCL and monitoring requirements. However, DHS does not have the authority to enforce the MCL until the state regulations have taken effect. If a violation should occur, DHS will notify USEPA, which can take enforcement action.

California State Law requires DHS to revise California’s arsenic MCL to comply with Federal standards. The state MCL cannot be less restrictive than the Federal MCL of 10 μg/L. The final California MCL for arsenic has not yet been announced. The state regulations are undergoing review and have not been subject to public comment yet. Since the state MCL cannot be less stringent than the Federal MCL, the state MCL will not be higher than 10 μg/L.

2.3.2 Fort Irwin Drinking Water Quality Goals

Goals for water quality at Fort Irwin include meeting all applicable primary and secondary water quality MCLs. The Fort Irwin-proposed water quality goal for arsenic is <8 μg/L, based on 80% of the Federal Primary MCL of 10 μg/L. The goal for fluoride is 1.0 mg/L, an optimal level per State of California, below the State Primary MCL of 2 mg/L. In addition, consumer acceptance of the distributed water may be gauged by monitoring constituents such as alkalinity, hardness, turbidity, and chlorine residual (CH2M HILL, 2003). Table 2-3 contains a listing of the water quality goals that have been used in developing the process design for the new WTP. Table 2-3 also shows which parameters are Primary and Secondary MCLs, and which are termed “consumer acceptance” goals.

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TABLE 2-3

Fort Irwin Proposed Water Quality Goalsa

Parameter Goal Primary

MCL

Secondary

MCL

Consumer

Acceptance Comments Arsenic <8 µg/L X 80% of Primary Drinking Water

Standard of 10 µg/L

Fluoride 1.0 mg/L X Optimal level per State of California, below State Primary MCL of 2 mg/L

Nitrate <45 mg/L as NO3 X State Primary MCL

Ph 6.5-8.5 X Federal Secondary MCL

Iron <0.3 mg/L X State Secondary MCL

Total Dissolved Solids

< 500 mg/L X Recommended State Secondary

MCL

Color < 15 color units X State Secondary MCL

Taste and Odor TOD <3 X State Secondary MCL

Corrosivity LSI between 0 and +0.5

X Minimize corrosion potential of water

Alkalinity > 30 mg/L as CaCO3

X Promote stability of water quality in distribution system

Hardness 60-120 mg/L as CaCO3

X Maximize consumer acceptance of water

Turbidity <0.3 NTU X Maximize consumer acceptance of water

Chlorine Residual

0.5 – 1.0 mg/L X Provide secondary disinfection in distribution system while maximizing consumer acceptance of water a Based on Table 2-3 in 2003 Site Characterization Report for Fort Irwin (CH2M HILL, 2003)

The new water treatment system and water distribution system will be designed, operated, and maintained to accomplish these water quality goals. Meeting these water quality goals will continue to be a priority during and after the transition to a single water distribution system for all uses.

2.4 Regulatory Requirements and Applicable Standards for

Water System Improvements

2.4.1 State of California Domestic Water Supply Permit

The DHS issued a State of California Domestic Water Supply Permit to the United States Department of the Army for the Fort Irwin Water System (permit number 03-13-04(P)-001) on January 15, 2004. In this permit, DHS determined that the use of a dual piped system to deliver water to a community system for all domestic uses (including drinking) does not comply with the Water Works Standards (California Code of Regulations Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 16) and all applicable regulations. Water from the existing DO water distribution system is potable as defined in the Fort Irwin water supply permit issued by DHS, though it

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is not in compliance with the water quality requirements of this permit. Currently, the RO system is in compliance and the DO system is not due to elevated levels of constituents such as arsenic and fluoride.

The existing DO water distribution system will become the “backbone” of a single drinking water distribution system serving all uses at Fort Irwin. The transition of the DO and RO distribution systems from a dual water system to a single drinking water system requires preparation of the DO distribution system for drinking water use. However, since the existing DO water is not in compliance, it is appropriate to apply industry standards and guidelines for transition of the DO distribution system to potable drinking water service.

Fort Irwin CIP Project W1 Investigation for the Combination of the DO and RO Water Systems (CH2M HILL, June 2007) discusses the regulations and approach for this transition.

2.4.2 U.S. Army Regulations

As a Federal military installation, the water system at Fort Irwin is subject to Army regulations and review by Army agencies. The United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) is the technical review arm for Fort Irwin and may conduct audits of the system and make recommendations to protect Army interests and personnel. CHPPM may also make recommendations for capital improvements or operations and maintenance.

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SECTION 3.0

Existing Capital Plan

3.1 Background

On an annual basis, CH2M HILL updates the Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) as part of its contract requirements. This document provides an updated description of the 6-year CIP for capital and related government funded projects for the water utility systems at Fort Irwin.

Many of the CIP projects in the Draft 2008 Plan were originally recommended in the December 2003 Task Order 1 (TO#0001) document, System Characterization and Work Plans.

A revised list of recommended CIP projects was presented in the CY1 2005 System Upgrade, Expansion and Renewal Plan, submitted in June, 2005. The list was again revised in the CY2 2006 Capital Improvement Plan that was submitted in final form in May, 2006. In the 2007 CIP, one additional project was added to the recommended 6-Year CIP project list, three projects deleted, and the scope of nine previously-proposed projects were revised. The Draft 2008 Capital Improvement Plan (CH2M HILL, December 2007) contains the most recent list of recommended CIP projects. That capital plan is shown in Table 3.1.

TABLE 3-1

Draft 2008 Capital Improvement Plan

Water System Project Description/Change from 2007 CIP

W4 New Water Treatment Plant General scope is to construct new 6.0 mgd EDR WTP. Scope modified to include the scope of deleted project W10 Replace Underground Tank.

Funding for early equipment procurement deferred from CY3 to CY4.

W9 Install Water Meters Scope increased to 19 meters and funding deferred to CY4 from CY3.

Scope is to install system wide meters to better understand water consumption on Post.

W10 Replace Underground Tank Deleted. The Scope of work has been merged with CIP Project W4, New Water Treatment Plant

W11 Bicycle Lake/Irwin Basin Transmission Pipeline

Scope modified to include conveyance of Irwin Basin well I-7 to the WTP, return of treated water to Barstow Rd east and to provide drinking water to facilities on Barstow Rd. east

W13 Install DO Pressure Regulating Valves

Deleted. The scope of work is now included in CIP Projects W32 through W35

W17 Initial Replacement of Expired Water Piping & Equipment

Scope and cost is reduced

W19 Vulnerability Assessment Improvements

Deferred from CY3 to CY4 2008

W20 Recondition & Upgrade Water Wells

Scope modified per results of CIP Project W1 Water Well Inspection

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TABLE 3-1

Draft 2008 Capital Improvement Plan

W22 Water Supply and Distribution System Expansion

Need for project unchanged. Identified prior to Master Plan.

W27 Expand New WTP to 12.0 mgd Deferred to 2012 or beyond

W29 Demolish RO Treatment Plan Need for project unchanged. Identified prior to Master Plan.

W30 Water Demand Management Study

Need for project unchanged. Identified before Master Plan.

W31 Connect Misc. Buildings to DO Water System

New Project

W32 Improve Fire Flow Phase 1 New Project

W33 Improve Fire Flow Phase 2 New Project

W34 Improve Fire Flow Phase 3 New Project

W35 Improve Fire Flow Phase 4 New Project

W36 Bike Lake Reclaimed Water Recharge System

New Project. Developed from W30 findings.

W37 Return Well I-2A to Service New Project. Developed from W30 findings.

W38 New Water Well at Langford Lake New Project. Developed from W30 findings.

W39 Rehabilitate Water Storage Tanks New Project Developed from W15 findings

Subsequent to the preparation of the 2007 Capital Improvement Plan, CH2M HILL completed Fort Irwin CIP Project W1 Investigation for the Combination of the DO and RO Water Systems in August 2007. In this study, CH2M HILL updated the original 2003 water hydraulic model for the DO system. Year 2007 operating conditions were evaluated and hydraulic capacity issues were identified.

The Investigation for the Combination of the DO and RO Water Systems (W1) recommended the conversion from the existing dual RO and DO distribution systems to a single distribution system by adapting and re-using the existing DO system to distribute treated drinking water from the new WTP to the Cantonment. The RO distribution system was not recommended to be reused in the single-pipe system and is recommended to be decommissioned once the new WTP is operating successfully.

3.2 Additional and Revised CIP Projects

The Draft 2008 Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) proposed several projects in the years 2007 to 2012 that affect the water treatment and distribution systems. The most recent scopes of the three major CIP projects that are required to convert the dual water system into a single potable drinking water system are described below. These projects are assumed to be operational by the year 2010 when the new Water Treatment Plan is expected to be on line.

Other projects in the water master plan are also discussed.

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New Water Treatment Plant (W4) The new Electro Dialysis Reversal (EDR) water treatment plant (WTP) will be constructed with an initial capacity of 6 mgd, expandable to 12 mgd. The WTP will be located southwest of the intersection of Goldstone Road and North Loop Road. The plant will be capable of removing arsenic, fluoride and many other regulated contaminants, similar to the RO plant.

The scope of project W4 has been increased since submittal of the CY3 2007 CIP. The scope of work for Project W10 has been added to this project. The primary goal of providing safe drinking water meeting all prevailing regulations for all Fort Irwin uses has not changed.

The basic scope of constructing an EDR water treatment plant with enhanced 99.8% water recovery and waste concentration processes has not changed from that described in the CY3

2007 CIP.

The additional work (previous Project W10) includes construction of a 1.0 million gallon treated water storage tank within the bounds of the new WTP. This tank replaces the capacity of the existing underground storage tank that will not be in drinking water service after conversion to a single pipe water distribution system.

As in the original W10 scope of work, the existing underground storage tank will remain in service to act as a heat sink for RCI’s existing district heating system. It has been decided to leave the tank in service for this purpose only, and to feed raw well water to the tank from the new W11 raw water main. A pump will be installed at the underground tank to convey water from the tank back to the W11 pipeline when tank temperatures become too high or too low for use by the district heating system.

System Combination Transmission Pipelines (W11) Because it contains untreated well water, the Bicycle Lake line must be disconnected from the Cantonment treated water distribution system and routed to the new WTP. Similarly, untreated water from Irwin well I-7 must be severed from the distribution system and routed to the new WTP. The existing untreated Langford Lake water transmission main is not directly connected to the Cantonment distribution system and terminates at the existing JPL tank fill line adjacent to the new WTP site.

Also, hydraulic modeling confirmed that the existing 16-inch main from the new WTP and JPL tanks alone cannot adequately supply sufficient treated water to the Cantonment without exacerbating the existing distribution system pressure and fire flow deficiencies.

The existing Cantonment DO distribution system was designed to have two sources of supply, one from the northeast (at the intersection of Barstow Road and North Loop Road) and one from the west (at the intersection of Goldstone Road and North Loop Road). The new pipelines required for conversion to a single pipe distribution system are as follows:

• New 18-inch raw water pipeline from the existing 16-inch Bicycle Lake transmission main at the intersection of Barstow Road and North Loop Road to the new WTP. The existing connection of the Bicycle Lake main to the Cantonment distribution system will be severed as part of this work. The 2007 Annual Plan proposed to construct a pipeline over the same route; but the proposed size was 16-inch instead of 18-inch.

• New 8-inch raw water main from well I-7 to the east along Barstow Road and connect to the new Bicycle Lake main to the WTP.

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• Extend the 16-inch Langford Lake raw water transmission main to connect to the new Bicycle Lake main upstream of the WTP untreated water storage tank. The existing connection of the main to the JPL tank fill lines will be severed as part of this work. The 2007 Annual Plan did not include the extension of the Langford Lake main.

• New 16-inch treated water transmission main from the new water treatment plant along North Loop road to the existing 16-inch DO water main at the intersection of Barstow Road and North Loop Road (Alternative 2 as described in the Investigation for the Combination of the DO and RO Water Systems (W1)). The 2007 Annual Plan did not include the additional pipeline.

• New 8-inch treated water main from the intersection of Barstow Road and North Loop Road to near the existing Bicycle Lake booster pump station to serve the tenants along the route with treated water.

Figure 3-1 depicts the general configuration of the recommended untreated water supply and single drinking water distribution system. The new configuration employs the existing eight DO pressure zones. The configuration of the existing Cantonment distribution system remains unchanged from the existing DO system.

FIGURE 3-1

Single Drinking Water System Configuration

Langford Lake Wells

Irwin Well I-7

Bicycle Lake Wells

W11 New Bicycle Lake Main

W11

1 MG

1 MG

1 MG

W4 New Water Treatment Plant

JPL2 JPL3

1 MG

W11 New

Transmission Main

Pump Station

Existing Cantonment Distribution

JPL Goldstone

Color Key:

Existing New

1 MG

JPL1

1 MG

JPL2

1 MG

JPL3

W10 New Tank

This proposed configuration will neither improve nor eliminate the existing water pressure and fire flow deficiencies within the Cantonment. This Master Plan will address these hydraulic deficiencies.

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SECTION 4.0

Distribution System Hydraulic Evaluation for Future Growth

This section describes the hydraulic evaluations that have been performed on the DO water system to help make technically informed engineering decisions about system improvements and operations.

The Fort Irwin CIP Project W1 Investigation for the Combination of the DO and RO Water Systems updated the original 2003 water hydraulic model for the DO system to reflect 2007 operating conditions. Year 2007 operating conditions were evaluated and hydraulic capacity issues were identified.

The 2007 Model identified where the deficiencies in the existing system are to serve the current population. In order to plan for future growth, CH2M HILL evaluated the demand requirements based on the overall Master Plan for Fort Irwin and developed design criteria for the water distribution system. Using the 2007 Model for the DO distribution system, CH2M HILL evaluated future scenarios to determine how to configure the single distribution system in order to meet service requirements.

4.1 Summary of 2007 Model Construction and Findings

4.1.1 Modeling Data Development

Water demands for existing conditions were developed to simulate existing operations and identify deficiencies experienced from current demands on the system. Additionally, water demands for the 5-year growth plan were developed to understand the upcoming demand on the system and the deficiencies experienced during that scenario. Operating records were reviewed and four demand scenarios were analyzed for current and future conditions.

They include:

• Average daily demand (ADD)

• Maximum daily demand (MDD)

• Peak hourly demand (PHD)

• Fire flow (half ADD + fire flow demand)

These demands for existing conditions were developed to simulate the current operations.

Average daily demand (ADD) and maximum daily demand (MDD) were developed based on historical water production. The peak hourly demand was estimated based on typical factors found at other municipal systems. The formula for a fire flow demand (one half of the ADD plus the fire flow zone required demand) was established by the Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Manual EM 1110-3-160. The Fort Irwin Fire Department has established the fire flow zone required demand.

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4.1.1.1 Historical Water Production

As described earlier, the current Fort Irwin population is approximately 19,300. Monthly historical water production was evaluated for operating year 2006.