FLANG Enviromental Assessment Report.pdf

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Site Evaluation with Environmental Sampling

7700 Congress Avenue, Suite 1119, Boca Raton, FL 33487 (561) 245-4500 www.airmd.com

Date: 7/26/2018

Prepared For: Florida Air National Guard

Project Address: Medical Group 1003

14300 Fang Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32218

1.0 Scope

A limited environmental assessment was completed on July 20th, 2018. The site visit assessed the visible areas of concern in the property and obtained some limited samples and measurements.

The assessment was conducted in general accordance and consistent with the USEPA Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings guidelines, IICRC S500 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration, ASTM D7338-10 Standard Guide for Assessment of Fungal Growth in Buildings and guidelines published by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) in Recognition, Evaluation, and Control of Indoor Mold. A full list of reference materials are listed later in this report.

From the information provided by the client, the following assessment plan was developed and implemented for this project:

• Conduct visual assessments of the areas for signs of mold growth and document the materials and areas where visible mold growth is present.

• Conduct moisture mapping to identify whether building materials contained elevated moisture.

• Conduct temperature and relative humidity measurements to determine the ambient conditions and its ability to provide favorable conditions for mold growth.

• Conduct bio-aerosol sampling to assess the fungal spore presence in the ambient air.

The purpose of the report is to detail the observations and scientific findings and to present corrective measures if required based on the findings. It is very important that the necessary time be taken to read the report in its entirety.

2.0 Background

The subject property is a one-story commercial building of concrete and steel frame construction with a pitched metal roof system. The subject offices are approximately 1,000 square feet total in size. Split system air conditioners serve the building and the interior walls are painted drywall while the ceilings are acoustic ceiling tiles.

AirMD was retained to conduct an assessment of the property based on a reported roof leak. At the time of the assessment it was reported that in September 2017 multiple roof leaks were discovered on the southwest side of the building. It was stated that the roof has since repaired.

The observations made are based on a non-invasive assessment of the specific locations listed as the bio-environmental office and x-ray room relative to the reported issue/claim. Hidden areas of mold growth and other environmental issues may exist and areas of damage not related to the issue/claim may also exist.

3.0 Summary

At the time of assessment, conditions relative to elevated moisture, mold and elevated humidity were identified that require addressing. It is important to try to implement the corrective actions detailed in this report as soon as possible to begin the improvement of conditions in the property.

Indoor environmental quality is an individual responsibility, awareness and action improves the indoor environment significantly. It is recommended to have your indoor environment evaluated periodically to reduce potential for problems in the future.

4.0 Findings

The observations and findings documented below identify the issues present in each location. They are followed by recommendations for corrective measures that should be implemented.

Section 6 is the mold remediation protocol and it documents the specific locations where mold remediation procedures and controls are required. Appendix A of the report provides general guidance on all aspects of remediation in accordance with industry standards and guidelines.

Observations and Findings:

The visual assessment conducted includes observations of the visible portions of the property consistent with the scope of work. The visual assessment was completed to identify and document visible evidence of mold growth, water damage and/or water intrusion. The visual assessment also allows documentation of the extent of any issues so remedial actions can occur.

Note: At the time of assessment, visible water damage and mold growth were observed and elevated moisture was detected in some hallways and other rooms not adjacent to the assessed areas. Further testing is recommended to get a more accurate assessment of the building and in-depth remediation protocol.

Bio-Environmental Area:

Office:

• Visible mold growth was observed and elevated moisture was detected in all walls.

Recommendations:

• Remove the affected walls. The area of removal measures approximately sixty-two linear feet and extends up to the ceiling. Visually assess the remaining wallboard for mold growth. In the event that mold growth is observed, remove the affected materials approximately two feet in all directions beyond the edge of growth.

Library:

sixteen linear feet and extends up to the ceiling. Visually assess the remaining wallboard for mold growth. In the event that mold growth is

Laboratory:

• Visible water staining was observed on the ceiling tiles along the southwest wall.

remaining wallboard for mold growth. In the event that mold growth is

• Remove the affected ceiling tiles. Visually assess the remaining materials for visible mold growth. In the event that mold growth is observed, remove the affected materials approximately two feet in all directions beyond the edge of growth.

Closet:

twenty linear feet and extends up to the ceiling. Visually assess the remaining wallboard for mold growth. In the event that mold growth is

X-Ray Office:

remaining wallboard for mold growth. In the event that mold growth is

General:

• Elevated humidity was detected within the assessed areas. The relative humidity measurements recorded in the property (83%-84%) at the time of our visit were above 60%. Additionally, visible mold growth was observed on air supply registers throughout the southwest side of the building.

• Visible mold growth was observed on personal contents, furniture and equipment throughout the assessed rooms.

• It is recommended that a qualified licensed mechanical contractor assess the air handler/HVAC system to ensure the system is operating correctly.

HEPA vacuum and damp wipe the affected air supply registers.

• In regards to contents and goods in the affected areas, inspection in accordance with the IICRC S520 “Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation” should occur. Determinations as to clean, launder or discard due to contamination must be completed in accordance with conditions 1, 2 and 3 as described in the IICRC S520 “Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation”.

This determination should be performed by a qualified licensed restoration contractor.

5.0 Sampling and Measurements

Indoor Respirable Particles:

Respirable particles refer to particles and dust that has become suspended in the surrounding air and can be respired by the occupants. The measurement of particles is used as a general indication of the cleanliness of the air. Favorable conditions are those conditions in which the particles indoors are lower than outdoors.

Ambient airborne particle measurements were collected in the property. On average, the particles measured indoors were similar to those concentrations measured outside.

Water/Moisture Intrusion:

Elevated moisture in building materials in a property can indicate that plumbing leaks and/or water intrusion from outside sources is occurring. Elevated moisture in building materials can cause property damage and provide favorable conditions for mold growth. Moisture mapping the property can identify problem areas.

Moisture mapping was conducted in limited areas throughout the property using a GE Protimeter Surveymaster moisture meter. The moisture measurements should not be interpreted as exact moisture content measurements of a material but should be interpreted as the Moisture Equivalent of the material at the time of measurement. Elevated moisture was detected in some of the materials tested in the property. Moisture readings ranged from 8 to 26% in wallboard and from 9 to 13% in wood. Where elevated moisture is detected, it indicates a measurement of 20- 99.9% while 17-19.9% is considered borderline.

Prior to moisture mapping, a field calibration check is completed on the moisture meters using the internal moisture meter field check as well as an independent calibration check device. Additionally, a third-party manufacturer’s calibration check is completed annually.

Temperature/Relative Humidity Profiles:

Indoor temperatures in a property can play a role in thermal comfort, occupant satisfaction with the space, and influence indoor air quality. The optimum temperature indoors plays an important role for occupant comfort. Relative humidity in general terms is how moist the air is. It is defined as the ratio of the water vapor density (mass per unit volume) to the saturation water vapor density, usually expressed in percent. Elevated humidity indoors provides favorable conditions for mold growth.

Temperature and relative humidity measurements were procured using a hygrothermometer and the measurements were compared to ASHRAE (American Society for Heating, refrigerating, Air Conditioning Engineers) standards. The temperature measurements recorded in the property at the time of our visit (71- 72°F) were within the typical range suggested by the ASHRAE standard 55 for thermal comfort. The standard defines comfortable temperature ranges between 73- 79°F for summertime conditions and 68-79°F for wintertime conditions.

The relative humidity measurements recorded in the property (83%-84%) at the time of our visit were above 60%. Indoor relative humidity in the 30 to 60 percent range is the most acceptable for comfort. It is recommended by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) to keep humidity below 60% as a mold preventative measure.

A third-party manufacturer’s calibration check is completed annually for hygrothermometers used.

Bio-aerosol Sampling:

The purpose of bio-aerosol sampling was to collect fungal (mold) spores from the ambient air to identify if unusual fungal conditions exist. It must be noted that this must be completed alongside a visual assessment as the data alone cannot be relied upon solely.

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), when comparing indoor conditions to outdoors for the presence of mold, air samples should be compared by fungal type and quantity of fungal spore’s present. A typical indoor environment without a mold problem contains similar types with similar or lower quantities of fungal spores compared to outdoors levels. Fungal spore quantities higher than outdoors suggests a fungal reservoir(s) exists and is contributing mold spores to the indoor ambient air.

Currently there are no accepted standards or regulatory requirements issued from OSHA, EPA or other state and federal agencies that establish unacceptable levels for fungi in indoor environments. As a result, utilizing comparison outdoor samples or statistically derived outdoor data is a practical approach to assess conditions in a property.

Note: Variability with outdoor samples over short time spans and changing weather conditions can occur, which result in a lack of confidence in the data when comparing outdoor to indoor samples. When necessary, AirMD utilizes a national accredited laboratory database of typical outdoor fungal concentrations (see table below), to compare indoor to outdoor samples as an aid in interpreting conditions along with the other important aspects of an assessment (including but not limited to visual observations, moisture mapping, particle counts). Due to the limitations of the sampling and analytical procedures involved with fungal air samples, the data obtained cannot be used to establish a health-based risk assessment.

Bio-aerosol samples were collected using a sampling pump and slit impactor cassette containing a sticky acrylic matrix to trap particulate matter from the ambient air. The samples once collected were sent to an independent accredited laboratory under chain of custody. All samples were analyzed using brightfield microscopy. The ambient air mold results identified fungal spores belonging to Aspergillus/ Penicillium grouping, Basidiospores, Curvularia sp., and Smut/Myxomyces/Periconia grouping (AEML, Inc. microbiology laboratory analysis) in the bio-environmental area and x-ray office. The quantities of fungal spores belonging to the Aspergillus/Penicillium grouping measured in the x-ray office were greater than those compared to the outdoor quantities typically found in Florida (EMLAB P&K microbiology laboratory; statistically derived data).

Typical Florida Outdoor Fungal Comparisons (spores/m3)

Fungal Type Low Medium High

Alternaria sp. 7 13 193

Basidiospores 27 373 10579

Bipolaris/Dreschlera group 7 13 187

Botrytis sp. 7 13 293

Chaetomium sp. 7 13 201

Cladosporium sp. 27 427 7817

Curvularia sp. 7 40 1034

Epicoccum sp. 7 20 314

Nigrospora sp. 7 17 213

Oidium sp. 7 13 158

Penicillium/Aspergillus types 27 213 3675

Rusts 7 13 361

Smuts 7 40 680

Stachybotrys sp. 7 13 400

Torula sp. 7 13 141

The table for typical outdoor spore levels contains a list of fungal genera with associated spores/m3 count values. The spore count values are listed under low, medium and high headers. The low and high values represent the 5% and 97.5% percentile values while the medium value is the 50% percentile value (median) of the spore count. To assist with the data interpretation, the medium (median) value was used.

6.0 Remediation Protocol

The remediation protocol outlined below is based upon the limited site assessment completed at 14300 Fang Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32218. The remediation activities shall comply with this Mold Remediation Protocol, where applicable, regulations of the New York City Department of Health Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungi in Indoor Environments, Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certificate (IICRC) S520, and the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Mold Remediation - Building Assessment, Restoration, and Demolition. Additionally, compliance with all applicable state regulations is required.

Whenever there is a conflict or overlap among or between the above references, the most stringent provisions shall apply.

The remediation contractor is solely responsible for protection of health, safety and the environment at the job site. The remediation contractor is solely responsible for all required training and licensure related to any work covered by this Mold Remediation Protocol.

Prior to commencing remediation, all sources of issues should be identified and corrected.

• Containment is required in the bio-environmental area and x-ray office.

• Air filtration devices/scrubbers must be placed in the containments. Each containment area should be supplied with enough air filtration devices to maintain 4 air changes per hour. Air changes may be calculated by determining the air volume within the containment area and dividing by the flow rate at which the air filtration device filters the air. Each air filtration device should be the type typically utilized in the remediation and/or abatement industry, or equivalent. The air filtration device shall be equipped with necessary pre-filters and HEPA filters to filter particulates from the air.

• Dehumidifiers must be placed in the containment(s).

• Note that in the event visible damage or mold growth is observed beyond the areas listed above, removal of the affected materials must continue for a minimum of two linear feet beyond visible mold growth.

• HEPA vacuum clean and damp wipe any exposed wall cavities.

• Remove any affected drywall/wallboard and baseboards that are visibly affected. Assess the conditions of any building materials behind the materials that require removing listed above. Assess wall cavities using a light source and mirror. In the event additional areas of contamination are identified, removal should continue until all areas are removed. Additionally, any exposed batt insulation that is affected should be removed. Conduct a visual inspection on any wood components present (studs, furring strips) and if it is affected, lightly sand and HEPA vacuum the wood framing. In the event this does not remove the mold growth or the wood components are rotted, remove the affected wood materials. Note, assess whether the wood components have any structural significance to the building and if the potential exists, do not remove. Contact a qualified licensed structural engineer.

• The HVAC (heating, ventilating, air conditioning) system must not operate in the containment during remediation.

• The use of encapsulants and sealants is not encouraged but may be used in certain circumstances. Encapsulants and sealants used must be EPA registered and where possible clear when applied. In accordance with Florida law, the property owner and mold assessor should be notified with permission granted before application.

• Note that Federal, State and local regulations may require asbestos testing prior to demolition of any materials that may be removed or disturbed during the remediation process.

Post Remediation Evaluation Procedures

• Post remediation evaluation for the remediation scope of work conducted shall be accomplished based on the following procedures; visual assessment of the work area(s) to verify that all affected materials were removed, moisture mapping of the remaining building materials and the collection of air samples. The AirMD evaluator shall be notified prior to the remediation area’s readiness for visual inspection and post-remediation sampling.

• Clearance acceptance criteria for the project can be requested by contacting the corporate headquarters.

• The remediation contractor shall re-clean and wipe down if the post remediation samples fail or if the final visual inspection fails. This process of re-cleaning and re-wiping shall continue until a successful post remediation is achieved. This section will not be applicable if there are special or unusual contamination conditions discovered during the remediation activities and AirMD is contacted and agrees in writing that this would substantially change the scope of work and affect post remediation testing.

Limitations: AirMD’s evaluation and test results do not guarantee that the indoor environment is free from contaminates, gases, organisms or analytes sampled for. The customer understands that the there are limitations associated with the instrumentation used associated with accuracy, precision, and uncertainty. Additionally, further limitations are present because of sampling and measurement methods/procedures utilized in testing and measuring as well as any or all other factors such as environmental and climatic conditions. The customer is aware that destructive testing was not performed and that the evaluation can only assess for conditions that are visible at the time of the evaluation. AirMD retains the right to supplement this report should additional information become available and/or further issues are discovered. AirMD reserves the right to assess the potential impact of the new information on the findings and to revise the report, if necessary, as warranted by the information or discovery.

AirMD’s opinions as noted in the report are based on the findings and upon our professional experience with no warranty or guarantee implied. AirMD accepts no responsibility for interpretations or actions based on this report by others. The findings, results and conclusions as part of our assessment are only representative of conditions at the time of the AirMD visit and do not represent conditions at other times. This report is intended for your use and your assigned representatives. Its data and content shall not be used or relied upon by other parties without prior written authorization of AirMD.

Sincerely, Rachael Rupp Senior Consultant State of Florida Mold Assessor License: MRSA 2343

Appendix A

General Requirements for Remediation

Containment:

• The containment must be built using polyethylene sheeting of 6-mil thickness that is clear or opaque and moisture resistant duct tape and spray on glue capable of continuously sealing polyethylene through project’s remediation duration.

• The designated onsite clean storage area must be outside in a conditioned space.

• PVC or wood supporting frames shall be utilized to ensure that the containments remain intact during the entire remediation and post-remediation procedures.

• Polyethylene bags of 6-mil thickness such as those used for asbestos-containing waste.

• Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) to be used on all electrical equipment within the containment.

• Place ample dehumidification equipment within the containment areas and clean storage areas to maintain relative humidity at 50% (+/-5%) during the remediation process and until clearance testing is passed. Dehumidification should allow for <14% moisture in all construction materials.

• Distribute and isolate all air filtration devices with HEPA filters throughout the affected areas. Ensure during the course of the project that no old, contaminated or incorrectly installed filters are used to minimize post remediation testing failures or potentially cross contaminating other areas of the residence.

• Isolate all flooring (carpet and/or hard) with one layer of 6-millimeter polyethylene sheeting and seal with duct tape.

Removal:

• Upon adequate containment isolation, begin removal of the affected drywall/wallboard, wood framing, baseboards, etc. In the event additional areas of contamination are identified, removal should continue until all areas are removed two feet past the last areas of mold growth, water damage and/or water stains. Additionally, any exposed batt insulation and aluminum/wood studs that are affected should be removed. Conduct a visual inspection on any wood framing materials present and if they are affected removal should occur. Other affected building materials should be assessed and cleaned or removed depending on their condition, to ensure all mold growth is gone.

• HEPA vacuum clean and damp wipe any exposed wall cavities.

• Once all the affected materials have been removed HEPA vacuum to remove remaining dust and debris from the containment. Additionally, damp wipe down the interior of the containment to remove any particulate matter that may statically bind to the walls of the containment.

Personal Protective Equipment Requirements:

• Utilize professional judgment regarding professional protection for restoration employees and follow all applicable standards and guidelines. The following information is for guidance purposes only:

• For areas of containment the use of gloves, disposable full body clothing, headgear, foot coverings, and full-face negative pressure air filtering respirator with HEPA filter are required.

• Minimum Protection - half face HEPA filtered respirators, disposable suits, eye protection, gloves (e.g. polynitrile)

• Full Protection – full face HEPA filtered respirators or powered air purifying respirator PAPR, full protective suits with head cover and foot covers, eye protection, gloves (e.g. polynitrile)

• The Remediation Contractor shall insure that OSHA appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn while remediation activities occur.

• Contractor assumes all responsibility for PPE compliance.

Engineering Controls

The following descriptions for the construction of the containment may not be applicable to all remediation projects; however, the remediation contractor should refer to this section if any of the following details are specified.

• HVAC Systems – All HVAC equipment in or passing through any containment area shall be shut down, and preventative measures taken to prevent accidental start-ups. All intake and exhaust openings shall be sealed with at least one (1) layer of 6-mil polyethylene sheeting. The seals shall be installed in such a manner as to guarantee that the seals shall remain in place for the duration of the project.

• Critical Barriers – Containment areas within which remediation activities are to be conducted shall be separated from adjacent areas by impermeable barriers with a minimum of one (1) layer of 6-mil polyethylene sheeting attached securely in place and completely sealed with tape. All openings between containment area(s) and adjacent area(s), including but not limited to windows, doorways, elevator openings, corridor entrances, ventilation openings, drains, ducts, grills, grates, diffusers, skylights, etc. shall be sealed.

All cabinets, shelving etc, that have cracks, holes or other openings shall also be sealed.

• Movable Objects – All movable objects shall be cleaned and removed from the containment area(s) as specified in the Scope of Work.

• Floors – As required, floor sheeting shall consist of at least one (1) layer of 6-mil polyethylene sheeting. The sheeting shall be overlapped at least one (1) foot and completely sealed with tape.

• Walls – As required, wall sheeting shall consist of at least one (1) layer of 6-mil polyethylene sheeting and shall be constructed in such a manner to prevent falling during normal use. Wall sheeting attached to structural walls shall be held in place with staples and/or furring strips. Wall sheeting that is not to be supported by structural walls shall be supported by PVC or wood frames and held in place with staples and/or furring strips. All sheeting shall be overlapped at least one (1) foot and completely sealed with tape.

• Full Containment Area Ventilation – Air Filtration devices with HEPA filtration and in a sufficient number to provide a negative pressure between the containment and outside areas shall be operated continuously from the time containment is established through the time all demolition is completed.

Remove the negative pressure and operate the air filtration devices with new HEPA air filters under normal pressure continuously for 48-72 hours before post remediation testing is completed. All units should be clean and sanitized with new filters installed prior to the beginning of the project and prior to final air cleaning before air clearance testing. All units utilized to provide clean filtered air into the containment area shall be vented to the exterior of the entire structure whenever possible. The remediation contractor shall carefully coordinate with the AirMD evaluator and Property Owner prior to the establishment of the air filtration device’s exhaust into a particular area.

Air exhaust locations will be secured from criminal entry by using burglar bars or other satisfactory method during the remediation process and protected against water intrusion during rainfall events. Provisions for make-up air should be made; dedicate a portion of a wall critical barrier for fresh make-up air. Ensure that each make-up air opening is adequately HEPA filtered. All filters shall be disposed of as contaminated waste material at the end of the project. Install new pre-filters and HEPA air filters prior to the 48-72 hours before post remediation testing is completed.

Dehumidifiers- Air dehumidifiers should be utilized as required in the Scope of Work and in a manner consistent with maintaining the relative humidity to approximately 50% (+/-5%) during the remediation/sanitization and build back activities. Remove dehumidification only after rebuild and the space is conditioned.

Remediator/Consultant Coordination

• Coordination between AirMD’s project evaluator and the remediation contractor is essential in achieving a complete remediation project and first-time passed clearance post-remediation evaluation. The remediation contractor should immediately contact the AirMD evaluator if any of the following circumstances occur:

• Additional water damage and/or mold amplification is encountered that may alter the Scope of Work.

• Wood components are encountered that remain blackened after repeated cleaning or appear to be rotted or in substantial decay or substantially corroded metal studs. If removal of suspect materials substantially affects the Scope of the Work, then evaluator should be contacted immediately for resolution.

• Any time there is a concern regarding the containment area construction, extent of the demolition and/or the effectiveness of the sanitization process.

Appendix B

Standards and Reference Materials Utilized

Florida State Standards of Practice for Mold Assessors, FLDBPR

Macher, J., Ed. (1999). Bioaerosols Assessment and Control. Cincinnati, Ohio, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

USEPA March 2001, Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings. E. P.

Agency. Washington, D.C., United States Environmental Protection Agency.

New York City Department of Health Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungi in Indoor Environments, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, November 2008.

IICRC S500, 2006 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration. Vancouver, Washington, Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification.

IICRC S520, 2008, Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation. Vancouver, Washington, Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification.

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1, 2013 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.

Atlanta, Georgia.

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55, 2013 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. Atlanta, Georgia.

Bailey, H. S., 2005, Fungal Contamination: A Manual for Investigation, Remediation and Control. Jupiter, Florida, BECi.

ASTM D7338-10, January 2011, Standard Guide for Assessment of Fungal Growth in Buildings.

Kendrick, B, 2001, The Fifth Kingdom. Newburyport, Massachusetts, Focus Publishing.

NADCA ACR 2013: Assessment, Cleaning and Restoration of HVAC Systems.

de Hoog, G. S., J. Guano, J. Gene, M. J. Figueras. Atlas of Clinical Fungi.

Deacon, J. (2006). Fungal Biology. Oxford, UK, Blackwell Publishing.

Baxter, A Regional Comparison of Mold Spore Concentrations Outdoors and Inside “Clean” and “Mold Contaminated Southern California Buildings, 2005, JOEH.

Indoor air quality: Biological contaminants WHO Regional Publications European Series No. 31 29 August -2 September 1988.

Senkpiel, K., Kurowski, V. and Ohgke, H. (1996) Investigation of fungal contamination of indoor air in homes of selected patients with asthma bronchiale.

Zentralblatt fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin 198, 191-203.

The International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ) ISIAQ-CIB Task Group TG 42 “Performance criteria of buildings for health and comfort” CIB number 292, 2004

Rao, C.Y., Burge, H.A. and J.C.S. Chang. “Review of Quantitative Standards and Guidelines for Fungi in Indoor Air.” Journal of Air and Waste Management Association. 46(1996): 899-908.

B Singh, J., ed. Building Mycology, Management of Decay and Health in Buildings.

London: Chapman and Hall, 1994.

C Health Canada. “Fungal Contamination in Public Buildings: A Guide to Recognition and Management.” Ontario: Health Canada, Federal-Provincial Committee on Environmental and Occupational Health. 1995.

D Robertson, L.D. “Monitoring Viable Fungal and Bacterial Bioaerosol Concentrations to Identify Acceptable Levels for Common Indoor Environments.”

Indoor Built Environments. 6(1997):295-300

E Godish, T. Indoor Environmental Quality. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001.

F Clark, G. “Assessment and Sampling Approaches for Indoor Microbiological Assessments.” American Industrial Hygiene Association (IAHA): The Synergist.

Nov. 2001