MIL-STD-2161C_Paint_Spec.pdf

AMSC 9453 AREA MFFP

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

STANDARD PRACTICE

PAINT SCHEMES AND EXTERIOR MARKINGS

FOR U.S. NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AIRCRAFT

MIL-STD-2161C(AS)

7 February 2014

SUPERSEDING

MIL-STD-2161B(AS)

15 August 2008

INCH-POUND

FOREWORD

ii

1. This military standard is approved for use by the Naval Air Systems Command, Department of the Navy, and is available for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense.

2. In furtherance of the Defense Standardization Program and to provide a single point of reference that gives clear and concise direction for the paint schemes and exterior markings for United States (U.S.) Navy and Marine Corps aircraft, this document has been prepared to be a readily available reference source to all concerned.

3. This standard contains integrated instructions for paint schemes and exterior marking for U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft. This document supersedes the previous version and includes revised requirements. Paint schemes for aircraft no longer in the active inventory have been deleted, paint schemes for new aircraft added, and certain paint schemes for existing aircraft modified.

4. For additional guidance on the contents of this document, contact the Naval Air Systems Command, Attention: (AIR 4.1.8), NAWC-AD/48110 Shaw Road, Building 2187 Unit 5, Patuxent River, Maryland 20670-1906 or the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Lakehurst (at the address below).

5. Comments, suggestions, or questions should be addressed to: Commander, Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Code 4L8000B120-3, Highway 547, Lakehurst, NJ 08733- 5100, or email to michael.sikora@navy.mil. Since contact information can change you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST Online database at https://assist.dla.mil.

CONTENTS

PARAGRAPH PAGE

iii

FOREWORD .......................................................................................................... ii

1 SCOPE

1.1 General

1.2 Purpose

1.3 Foreign government aircraft

1.4 Military aircraft used in research projects

1.5 Military aircraft attached to designated adversary squadrons

1.6 Areas of responsibility

1.6.1 Cognizant authority

1.6.2 Major vs. minor modification

1.6.3 Squadron/Air Wing markings

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General

2.2 Government documents

2.2.1 Specifications and standards

2.2.2 Non-Government publications

2.3 Order of precedence

3 DEFINITIONS

3.1 Arctic paint scheme

3.2 High visibility paint scheme

3.3 Tactical paint scheme

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Paint schemes and insignia markings

4.2 Material

4.2.1 Finishes

4.2.2 Compatibility

4.2.3 Applicable limitation

4.2.4 Metal marking instruments

4.2.5 External finish identification

4.2.5.1 Record of finish application

iv

4.3 Drawings

4.4 Service requirements

4.5 Foreign government aircraft

4.6 Color and style of marking materials and paint schemes

4.6.1 Color standard

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Aircraft paint schemes

5.1.1 High visibility color configurations

5.1.1.1 Application and color patterns

5.1.2 Arctic paint scheme

5.1.3 Tactical paint schemes

5.1.3.1 Tactical paint scheme materials

5.1.3.2 Tactical paint scheme patterns

5.1.3.2.1 Aircraft surfaces

5.1.3.2.2 Bottom surfaces

5.1.4 Paint scheme for drones

5.1.5 Paint scheme for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

5.1.6 Paint scheme for target aircraft

5.1.7 Solar heat reflection

5.1.8 Antiglare

5.1.9 Glass fiber reinforced plastic assemblies

5.1.10 Landing gear

5.1.10.1 Fixed landing gear

5.1.10.2 Retractable landing gear

5.1.11 Speed brakes, wing flaps, etc

5.1.12 Wing leading edge slats

5.1.13 Walkways and steps

5.1.14 External stores (including ordnance)

5.1.15 Radomes, antennae, and antennae covers

5.1.16 Helicopter blades, hubs, transmissions and rotor mechanisms

5.1.16.1 Rotor blades

5.1.16.2 Hubs of helicopters

5.1.16.3 Transmission and rotor mechanisms of helicopters

v

5.1.17 Jet air intake ducts

5.1.18 Propeller assemblies

5.1.18.1 Blades

5.1.18.2 Spinners

5.1.18.3 Hubs and domes

5.1.19 Engine cowling interiors

5.2 Aircraft exterior markings

5.2.1 Identification marking

5.2.1.1 Letter and numeral (character) construction

5.2.1.1.1 Fixed wing aircraft

5.2.1.1.2 Rotary wing aircraft (helicopters)

5.2.1.1.3 Research aircraft

5.2.1.1.4 Experimental aircraft

5.2.1.1.5 Target aircraft

5.2.1.1.6 Test and evaluation (T&E) aircraft

5.2.1.1.7 Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

5.2.1.1.8 United States Naval Test Pilot School (USNTPS) Aircraft

5.2.2 Mandatory markings for U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft

5.2.2.1 Changes

5.2.2.2 Application

5.2.2.3 National star insignia

5.2.2.4 Branch of service marking

5.2.2.4.1 Size

5.2.2.4.2 Location

5.2.2.5 Model designation and bureau airplane serial number (BUNO)

5.2.2.5.1 Location

5.2.2.5.2 Size

5.2.2.6 Unit aircraft number (MODEX)

5.2.2.6.1 Location

5.2.2.6.2 Size

5.2.2.7 Unit identifier

5.2.2.7.1 Location

5.2.2.7.2 Size

5.2.2.8 Station or unit name

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5.2.2.8.1 Location

5.2.2.8.2 Size

5.2.2.9 Call numbers

5.2.2.9.1 Location

5.2.2.9.2 Size

5.2.2.10 Mandatory safety markings

5.2.2.10.1 Jet engine intake warning chevrons and signs

5.2.2.10.1.1 Application

5.2.2.10.1.2 Variations

5.2.2.10.2 Jet engine blast warning

5.2.2.10.3 Propeller, rotor, and turbine safety markings

5.2.2.10.3.1 Main rotor blades

5.2.2.10.3.1.1 Matched sets

5.2.2.10.3.1.2 Unmatched sets

5.2.2.10.3.1.3 Static balance - preservation and maintenance

5.2.2.10.3.1.4 Classification numbers

5.2.2.10.3.2 Tail rotor blades

5.2.2.10.3.3 Helicopter tail boom - warning marking

5.2.2.10.3.4 Helicopter tail rotor - guards and stabilizers

5.2.2.10.3.5 Propeller blades - warning markings

5.2.2.10.3.6 Fuselage propeller - warning stripe and signs

5.2.2.10.3.7 Staggered engines

5.2.2.10.4 Arresting hooks

5.2.2.10.4.1 Arresting hook warning marking

5.2.2.10.5 Loose and jettisonable equipment

5.2.2.10.6 Identification and markings of emergency escape system

5.2.2.10.6.1 Application

5.2.2.10.6.2 Location

5.2.2.10.6.3 Lettering size

5.2.2.10.6.4 Cutout area marking

5.2.2.10.6.5 Exit control lever markings

5.2.2.10.6.6 Fire access panel marking

5.2.2.10.6.7 Explosive-actuated devices

5.2.2.10.6.8 Axe and crowbar

5.2.2.10.6.9 Fire extinguishers

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5.2.2.10.6.10 First-aid kit

5.2.2.10.6.11 Ejection seat markings

5.2.2.10.6.11.1 Ejection seat markings for multiplace aircraft

5.2.2.10.6.11.2 Other cartridge-actuated escape systems

5.2.2.10.6.12 Canopy release markings

5.2.2.10.6.13 External exit emergency release

5.2.2.10.6.14 Transport aircraft

5.2.2.10.6.14.1 Internal removable escape panels

5.2.2.10.6.14.2 Emergency exit marking

5.2.2.10.6.14.3 Handles, releases, catches, and knobs for inside panels

5.2.2.10.6.14.4 External removable escape panels

5.2.2.10.6.14.5 Markings for forced emergency entry or exit

5.2.2.10.6.14.6 Secondary openings

5.2.3 Tactical paint scheme markings

5.2.3.1 Color of markings for aircraft with tactical paint schemes

5.2.3.1.1 Tactical paint scheme - general marking policy

5.2.3.1.2 Color of MODEX numbers

5.2.3.2 Size of markings when used on aircraft with tactical paint schemes

5.2.3.3 Paint scheme deviations approval

5.2.4 Marking material

5.2.5 Exterior maintenance precautionary and warning markings

5.2.5.1 Aircraft and missile service point identification symbols and markings

5.2.5.1.1 Application of service point identification symbols and markings

5.2.5.1.2 Location

5.2.5.1.3 Hydraulic system and landing gear/struts

5.2.5.2 Fuel nozzle jumper plug receptacles

5.2.5.3 Aircraft grounding points

5.2.5.4 Storage batteries

5.2.5.5 Instrument static opening markings

5.2.5.6 Wing fold warning flag

5.2.5.7 Markings for electrical connections

5.2.5.8 Markings for engine removal

5.2.5.9 Markings for tank and filler areas

5.2.5.9.1 Tank

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5.2.5.9.2 Filler caps

5.2.5.10 Lift points, handgrips, caution legends, etc

5.2.5.11 Baggage compartment, life raft stowage, etc

5.2.5.12 Wing access panel latches and safety straps

5.2.5.13 Actuating mechanism-warning signs

5.2.5.14 Recessed lubrication fittings

5.2.6 Optional markings

5.2.6.1 Ship names

5.2.6.2 Squadron designation

5.2.6.3 Reserve aircraft markings - station names

5.2.6.4 Battle “E”

5.2.6.5 Safety “S”

5.2.6.6 Hospital aircraft red cross

5.2.6.7 Aircraft pilot and crew chief names

5.2.6.8 NAVAIR logo

5.2.6.8.1 Color

5.2.6.8.2 Location

5.2.6.8.3 Size

5.2.6.8.4 Letter font

5.2.7 Special purpose marking for U.S. Navy aircraft

5.2.7.1 Identification of American Legation U.S. Naval Attaché (ALUSNA) aircraft

5.2.7.1.1 Fuselage marking

5.2.7.1.2 Naval attaché fuselage marking

5.2.7.1.2.1 Location

5.2.7.1.2.2 Size

5.2.7.1.3 Naval attaché wing marking

5.2.7.1.3.1 Location

5.2.7.1.3.2 Size

5.2.7.1.4 Naval attaché vertical stabilizer marking

5.2.7.1.4.1 Location

5.2.7.2 Standard American flag sizes

5.2.7.3 VIP helicopters

5.2.8 Marking of foreign aircraft

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5.2.9 Access panel identification

5.2.10 Walkways and honeycomb panels

5.2.10.1 Walkways and steps

5.2.11 Honeycomb panels on airplanes

5.2.12 Marking of loose and jettisonable equipment

5.2.13 Dinghy (raft) release and flotation controls

5.2.14 Workmanship

6. NOTES

6.1 Intended use

6.2 Acquisition requirements

6.3 Associated Data Item Descriptions (DIDs)

6.4 Toxicity

6.4.1 Personnel protective methods

6.5 Subject term (key word) listing

6.6 International standardization agreement implementation

6.7 Changes from previous issue

APPENDIX A STANDARD MARKING, EMERGENCY AND HAZARD WARNING

MARKINGS FOR AIRCRAFT

A.1 SCOPE

A.1.1 Scope

A.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

A.2.1 General A.2.2 Government documents A.2.2.1 Specifications and standards A.2.3 Order of precedence

A.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A.3.1 National insignia A.3.1.1 National insignia design A.3.1.1.1 Size A.3.1.1.2 Color x

A.3.1.1.3 Application A.3.1.2 Wing insignia A.3.1.3 Fuselage or hull insignia A.3.1.4 Rotary wing aircraft insignia A.3.1.5 Decalcomanias A.3.1.6 Decalcomania letter heights A.3.1.7 Tactical paint scheme national insignia A.3.2 Aircraft markings

APPENDIX B SERVICING, GROUND HANDLING, HAZARD WARNING MARKINGS,

AND ARMAMENT PLACARD FOR AIRCRAFT

B.1 SCOPE

B.1.1 Scope

B.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

B.2.1 General B.2.2 Government documents B.2.2.1 Specifications and standards B.2.2.2 Non-Government publications B.2.3 Order of precedence

B.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

B.3.1 Servicing and precautioning marking B.3.2 Servicing instructions B.3.3 Service warning markings B.3.4 Printed information B.3.5 Colors

B.4 DETAIL REQUIREMENTS

B.4.1 Aircraft markings and placard xi

APPENDIX C PAINT SCHEMES AND MARKINGS FOR FIXED WING AIRCRAFT

C.1 SCOPE

C.1.1 Scope

C.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

C.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

C.3.1 Aircraft paint schemes

APPENDIX D PAINT SCHEMES AND MARKINGS FOR ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT

D.1 SCOPE

D.1.1 Scope

D.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

D.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

D.3.1 Aircraft paint schemes

APPENDIX E NATIONAL INSIGNIAS FOR FOREIGN AIRCRAFT

E.1 SCOPE

E.1.1 Scope

E.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

E.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

E.3.1 Foreign country national insignias

TABLES

I FED-STD-595 standard colors used on U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft II Mandatory markings for U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft xii

FIGURES

APPENDIX A

A-1 National star insignia A-2 National star insignia on swept wing aircraft A-3 Arresting hook warning A-4(a) Form of letters and numerals (modified vertical block) A-4(b) Form of letters and numerals (open block – to be used for markings 2 inches high or less) – Continued A-5 Color scheme for helicopter blades A-6 Color scheme for reciprocating single and multi-engine aircraft propellers A-7 Markings for fire access panel A-8 Warning chevron and signs applied adjacent to jet engine intake and exhaust A-9 Propeller warning stripes and signs A-10 Canopy release location A-11 Warning decal A-12 Helicopter tail boom markings A-13 Canopy release markings A-14 Tactical paint scheme – rescue arrow and arresting hook markings A-15 Tactical paint scheme – engine intake chevrons, access door warning and branch of service markings A-16 Tactical paint scheme – ejection seat & warning and fuel nozzle port markings A-17 Area cutout markings A-18 American flag dimensions shall be in accordance with DDD-F-416 A-19 Geneva red cross A-20 Placard installation-identification, emergency escape hatch A-21 NAVAIR logo

APPENDIX B

B-1 Typical symbol dimensioning B-2 Armament placard B-3 NATO codes and markings-filling B-4 NATO codes and markings-filling, ground handling and hazards B-5 NATO code number cross-reference xiii

B-5 NATO code number cross-reference – Continued B-6 Typical NATO aircraft servicing markings B-7 Required markings and symbols B-7 Required markings and symbols – Continued B-7 Required markings and symbols – Continued B-8 Decalcomania – ground here, international symbol B-9 Samples of ground servicing and hazard markings (size and color) B-9 Samples of ground servicing and hazard markings (size and color) – Continued B-9 Samples of ground servicing and hazard markings (size and color) – Continued B-9 Samples of ground servicing and hazard markings (size and color) – Continued B-10 Record of finish marking

APPENDIX C

C-1 AV-8B tactical C-1 AV-8B tactical – Continued

C-2 BQM-74C/E

C-2 BQM-74C/E – Continued C-3 C-2A C-3 C-2A – Continued C-4 C-9B (Navy) C-4 C-9B (Navy) – Continued C-5 C-9B (Marine) C-5 C-9B (Marine) – Continued C-6 UC-12B/F/M Navy C-6 UC-12B/F/M Navy – Continued C-7 UC-12B/F/M Navy Force Protection C-7 UC-12B/F/M Navy Force Protection – Continued C-8 UC-12B/F/M Marines C-8 UC-12B/F/M Marines – Continued C-9 UC-12B/F/M Marines tactical C-9 UC-12B/F/M Marines tactical – Continued C-10 TC-12B high visibility C-10 TC-12B high visibility – Continued C-11 C-26D xiv

C-11 C-26D – Continued C-12 C-26D (Navy Force Protection) C-12 C-26D (Navy Force Protection).– Continued C-13 C-40 C-13 C-40– Continued C-14 KC-130T/J Tactical C-14 KC-130T/J Tactical – Continued C-15 C-130T and KC-130 F/R C-15 C-130T and KC-130 F/R – Continued C-16 E-2C C-16 E-2C – Continued C-17 E-6A/B C-17 E-6A/B – Continued C-18 EA-6B tactical C-18 EA-6B tactical – Continued C-19 F/A-18A/B/C/D tactical C-19 F/A-18A/B/C/D tactical – Continued C-20 F/A-18E/F and EA-18G tactical C-20 F/A-18E/F and EA-18G tactical – Continued C-21 F-35 B C-21 F-35 B – Continued C-22 F-35 C C-22 F-35 C – Continued C-23 P-3C C-23 P-3C – Continued

C-24 EP-3E, UP-3, VP-3

C-24 EP-3E, UP-3, VP-3 – Continued C-25 T-2C aircraft marking (high visibility) C-25 T-2C aircraft marking (high visibility) – Continued C-26 T-6 high visibility C-26 T-6 high visibility – Continued C-27 T-34C aircraft marking (high visibility) C-27 T-34C aircraft marking (high visibility) – Continued C-28 T-38 C-28 T-38 – Continued xv

C-29 T-39G/N high visibility C-29 T-39G/N high visibility - Continued C-30 T-44A high visibility C-30 T-44A high visibility – Continued C-31 T-45A/C aircraft marking (high visibility) C-31 T-45A/C aircraft marking (high visibility) – Continued

C-32 MQ-4C

C-32 MQ-4C– Continued C-33 RQ-7B Shadow C-33 RQ-7B Shadow- Continued C-34 P-8A (MultiMission Aircraft, MMA)(Proposed) C-34 P-8A (MultiMission Aircraft, MMA)(Proposed)– Continued

APPENDIX D

D-1 AH-1W tactical D-1 AH-1W tactical – Continued

D-2 AH-1Z

D-2 AH-1Z – Continued D-3 UH-1N tactical D-3 UH-1N tactical – Continued

D-4 UH-1Y

D-4 UH-1Y – Continued D-5 HH/UH-1N non-combat SAR D-5 HH/UH-1N non-combat SAR – Continued D-6 HH-46E high visibility SAR D-6 HH-46E high visibility SAR – Continued D-7 CH-46E tactical D-7 CH-46E tactical – Continued D-8 MH-53E Navy tactical D-8 MH-53E Navy tactical – Continued D-9 CH-53E Marine tactical D-9 CH-53E Marine tactical – Continued D-10 TH-57B/C high visibility D-10 TH-57B/C high visibility – Continued D-11 SH-60B/F, CH-60S, MH-60 R/S and HH-60H tactical xvi

D-11 SH-60B/F, CH-60S, MH-60 R/S and HH-60H tactical – Continued D-12 SH-60F VIP transport D-12 SH-60F VIP transport – Continued D-13 MH-60S and SH-60F Search and Rescue (SAR) D-13 MH-60S and SH-60F Search and Rescue (SAR) – Continued D-14 MV-22 Tactical D-14 MV-22 Tactical – Continued

APPENDIX E

E-1 National insignia of Portugal (flash and numbers) E-2 National insignia of Argentina E-3 National insignia of Mexico (flash) E-4 National insignia of Great Britain E-5 National insignia of Canada (roundel) marking I E-6 National insignia of Canada (flash) marking II E-7 National insignia of Netherlands (roundel) marking I E-8 National insignia of Netherlands (flash) marking II E-9 National insignia of France (cocarde) marking I (anchor superimposed when planes are intended for French Navy.)

E-10 National insignia of France (flash) marking II E-11 National insignia of Australia (roundel) marking I E-12 National insignia of Australia (flash) marking II E-13 National insignia of Japan (roundel) E-14 National insignia of Japan (kanji characters) E-15 National insignia of Uruguay (roundel) E-16 National insignia of Uruguay E-17 National insignia of Brazil (star) marking I E-18 National insignia of Brazil (flash) marking II E-19 National insignia of Federal Republic of Germany E-20 National insignia of Federal Republic of Germany E-21 National insignia of Italy (cocarde) E-22 National insignia of New Zealand (roundel) marking I E-23 National insignia of New Zealand (roundel) marking II

CONCLUDING MATERIAL

1. SCOPE

1.1 General. This military standard establishes the requirements for paint schemes and markings to be applied to the exterior surfaces of U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft, including those procured for other government agencies and foreign countries under Navy contracts. The requirements for paint schemes and markings include size, color, and approximate placement locations, where applicable, as shown in Appendices A – E. This standard also provides a mechanism to obtain approval for deviation from these requirements.

1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this document is to standardize paint schemes and application of naval insignia and markings. In addition, this standard provides procedures to obtain approval for deviations from these requirements.

1.3 Foreign government aircraft. The requirements for the insignia and markings for foreign government aircraft procured under U.S. Navy contracts are as shown in the appendices of this document except that the U.S. national insignia must be replaced by that of the purchasing government, and U.S. Navy insignia must not be applied. Under certain circumstances, temporary U.S. national insignias will be applied for ferrying the aircraft to the purchasing country. Foreign insignia and flash insignia for vertical tail surfaces or rudders and markings are shown in Appendix E. Foreign insignia not shown will be provided to the U.S. Navy contracting activity by the foreign government procuring the aircraft. Paint schemes for foreign government aircraft are as specified by that foreign government and, as such, are not contained in this document.

1.4 Military aircraft used in research projects. The provisions of this standard are not applicable to military aircraft research projects. The color and marking schemes of such aircraft are subject to case-by-case approval by the Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8).

1.5 Military aircraft attached to designated adversary squadrons. The provisions of this standard with respect to paint schemes are not applicable to military aircraft attached to designated adversary squadrons. However, provisions of this standard apply to aircraft attached to squadrons, which have a secondary mission of adversary training.

1.6 Areas of responsibility.

1.6.1 Cognizant authority. The Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8) is the cognizant authority for all U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft paint schemes and military markings. Navy or Marine Corps activities requesting a change associated with paint schemes and military markings must forward the request to AIR 4.1.8 for consideration. AIR 4.1.8 must evaluate the request and assess its impact as either a minor or a major modification. AIR 4.1.8 is cognizant of minor modifications and must provide final resolution to this type of change request. In case of major modifications, AIR 4.1.8 must forward the change request, along with recommendations, to the Commander Naval Air Forces (CNAF) (N421) for final assessment.

1.6.2 Major vs. minor modification. Examples of minor modifications to this standard include letter markings (such as size, position, etc.), temporary applications, differences in paint schemes among variants of the same platform, or paint schemes and exterior marking approvals associated with platforms of similar design but not included specifically in this standard. Examples of major modifications requiring AIR 4.1.8 consultation with CNAF (N421) include complete paint scheme conversions involving all assets within a given platform or new platform designs. Major modifications must be approved by CNAF and their implementation will be the responsibility of the appropriate Program Executive Officer (PEO).

1.6.3 Squadron/Air Wing markings. Squadron markings or logos, typically applied by squadron staff on the tail section of aircraft, are the responsibility of the Type Command (TYCOM) (e.g., AIRLANT, AIRPAC, CNATRA, etc.). AIR 4.1.8 can provide information and recommendations to the TYCOMs concerning squadron markings.

NOTE: Unless special provisions are made to maintain the integrity of the specialty coatings for the safe removal of aircraft markings, squadron/Air Wing markings cannot be applied to aircraft with specialty coatings. Any such provisions must be approved by CNAF (N421). CNAF Instruction 4790.2 must be consulted for policy regarding specialty coatings.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this specification or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard, whether or not they are listed.

2.2 Government documents.

2.2.1 Specifications and standards. The following specifications and standards form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

FEDERAL STANDARD

FED-STD-595 - Colors Used in Government Procurement (Color numbers; 11136, 12197, 13538, 14187, 15044, 15045,16081, 16099, 16187, 16440, 16515, 17038, 17043, 17875, 17925,21136, 22190, 23538, 23655, 25237, 26231, 26492, 27925, 28915, 31136, 33538, 35044, 35237, 36081, 36099, 36118, 36170, 36231, 36320, 36375, 36440, 36495, 37038, 37925.)

COMMERCIAL ITEM DESCRIPTION

A-A-59485 - Plastic Material, Pressure Sensitive Adhesive, for

Aerospace Identification and Marking

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS

MIL-PRF-23377 - Primer Coatings: Epoxy, High Solids MIL-C-83413/9 - Connectors and Assemblies, Electrical, Aircraft

Grounding: Decalcomania for Grounding Receptacle Identification, Decal

MIL-PRF-85285 - Coating: Polyurethane, Aircraft and Support Equipment

MIL-PRF-85582 - Primer Coatings: Epoxy, Waterborne

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARDS

MIL-STD-7179 - Finishes, Coatings and Sealants, for the Protection of Aerospace Weapons Systems

MS29525 - Cap-Pressure Fuel Servicing, Nominal 2-1/2 Inch Diameter, Flush Type

MS90327 - Aircraft Markings, Access Numbering System

(Copies of these documents are available online at http://quicksearch.dla.mil or https://assist.dla.mil or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.)

2.2.2 Non-Government publications. The following document forms a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of this document are those cited in the solicitation or contract.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) INTERNATIONAL

ASTM-D4956 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control. (DoD adopted)

(Copies of this document are available online at http://www.astm.org or from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.)

2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, and unless described as an exception, the text of this document takes precedence. Exceptions to this order of precedence include aircraft detail specifications, aircraft drawings, and aircraft manuals. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Arctic paint scheme. A paint scheme similar to the high visibility paint scheme except that the top of the fuselage is painted engine gray (FED-STD-595, color number 16081) instead of insignia white. This scheme is used for spotting downed aircraft against a snow background.

3.2 High visibility paint scheme. A color scheme consisting of international orange (FED-STD-595, color number 12197) and insignia white (FED-STD-595, color number 17925) used to maximize the initial detection range of the aircraft.

3.3 Tactical paint scheme. A color scheme to reduce visual detection comprised of shades of flat gray with exterior markings applied in a contrasting shade of gray.

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Paint schemes and insignia markings. Contractors and all U.S. Navy and Marine Corps activities (including organizational level maintenance activities) shall apply all insignia and markings (including identification plates for the aircraft and warning and instruction markings) in accordance with this standard. The following markings are normally applied by organizational level activities, but may be applied by Naval Aviation Depots and contractors, when specified by the Program Managers or Type Commanders:

a. Unit identifier

b. Unit aircraft numbers (MODEX)

c. Station or unit name

d. Squadron markings

e. Radio call markings

4.2 Material.

4.2.1 Finishes. Unless otherwise specified by the Program Manager of a specific aircraft, all U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft shall be finished in accordance with MIL-STD-7179. The standard primer coating shall be MIL-PRF-23377 Type I or MIL-PRF-85582 Type I. MIL-PRF-23377 Type II or MIL-PRF-85582 Type II is required when the use of tactical grays is specified. The standard topcoat shall be MIL-PRF-85285.

4.2.2 Compatibility. The coating material for insignias and markings shall be the same material or material compatible with the finish on the surface to be marked.

4.2.3 Applicable limitation. Paint or other markings shall not be applied to aircraft or weapon systems when such application interferes with launching, operation, thermal reflection, or aerodynamics.

4.2.4 Metal marking instruments. Sharp-pointed metal marking instruments shall not be used in the layout of insignia or other markings on aircraft or weapon systems.

4.2.5 External finish identification. On all aircraft receiving paint finish coatings on the exterior surfaces there shall be an identification of the finish system. The identification shall be located on the starboard side of the fuselage, under or over the horizontal stabilizer, and contain the following information:

a. Contractor or overhaul activity and location.

b. Month, day, and year of completion of paint application.

c. Identification by military specification number of all paint coating applied to the exterior of the aircraft.

Lettering shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch (12.7mm) in height. Stencils or approved decals may be used for this identification. Appendix B, Figure B-10, is a sample of this identification.

Note: For paint materials not included in a military specification, identification of material and name of manufacturer shall be listed.

4.2.5.1 Record of finish application. Complete information concerning the coating used, identified by the applicable military specification, the preparation of the area to be coated, and the touch-up or replacement procedure for the material used shall be included in the applicable aircraft structural repair instruction(s) and T/M/S Corrosion Control manual.

4.3 Drawings. On all production contracts, the contractor shall submit for approval to Commander, Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8), via the contracting officer, three-dimensional drawings, and any revisions thereof, showing paint schemes and the size and location of the insignia and markings (except those markings specified in 4.1) prescribed in this standard. Naval Aviation Depots shall submit for approval to Commander, Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8), copies of all paint scheme and marking drawings and revisions thereto.

4.4 Service requirements. Naval Aviation Activities, including Naval Aviation Depots and organizational level maintenance activities, shall apply other markings that are not required to be applied by the contractor. In addition, markings duplicating those specified herein, may be applied to other areas of the aircraft at the discretion of cognizant commands as operational aids, provided such markings are not prohibited by tactical paint scheme requirements or other considerations, and do not conflict with the markings prescribed herein in the area selected.

4.5 Foreign government aircraft. The exterior colors of aircraft procured for foreign governments under naval contracts shall be as specified by that foreign government.

4.6 Color and style of marking materials and paint schemes. The color and gloss of materials shall be as specified in 4.6.1. For non-tactical paint scheme aircraft, the marking materials and decalcomania used shall be glossy, unless otherwise specified by the Program Manager. Lusterless marking materials and decalcomania shall be used for aircraft with tactical paint schemes, unless a deviation is authorized by Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8).

4.6.1 Color standard. FED-STD-595 colors shall be used on U.S. Navy and Marine

Corps aircraft, except for specific vendor equivalent colors specified in Appendices C and D.

Table I lists the FED-STD-595 colors used on naval aircraft and weapon systems.

TABLE I. FED-STD-595 standard colors used on U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft.

COLOR GLOSS SEMI-GLOSS LUSTERLESS

Insignia White (Untinted) 17925 27925 37925

Black 17038 37038 Blue Insignia Blue Blue-Gray

15045 15044

25237

35044 35237

Insignia Red 11136 21136 31136

International Orange

12197

22190

Orange-Yellow 13538 23538 33538

Gray 16081 16099

16187

16440

16515

26231

26492

36081 36099 36118 36170

36231 36320 36375 36440

36495

Gold 17043

Fluorescent Orange 28915

Light Green 14187

Yellow 23655

Glossy White 17875

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Aircraft paint schemes. Paint schemes for fixed wing aircraft shall be in accordance with Appendix C. Paint schemes for rotary wing aircraft shall be in accordance with Appendix D. This standard does not apply to aircraft attached to designated adversary squadrons. These aircraft may be painted in an appropriate scheme as determined by that squadron. For aircraft attached to squadrons that have a secondary or split mission as adversary training, the requirements of this standard apply. Deviation to this standard shall be submitted to NAVAIR AIR-4.1.8 for approval.

5.1.1 High visibility color configurations. Aircraft in the training command (excluding reserve training), target control, and search and rescue (SAR) functions (excluding helicopters in combat SAR configuration) shall have a high visibility paint scheme in accordance with Appendices C and D. Additionally, test and evaluation (non-production, prototype, research, etc.) aircraft shall have a high visibility paint scheme. Transparent areas, antiglare areas, hinges, openings, screens, and any part of the exhaust trail shall not be topcoated with a high visibility coating. Request for utilization of high visibility color configuration on other types of aircraft shall be submitted for approval to the Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8) via the appropriate Chain of Command.

5.1.1.1 Application and color patterns. Current platforms that follow high visibility schemes are shown in Appendices C & D. For new platforms and platforms not included in this standard , follow instruction described herein. General principles applicable to the placement of high visibility paint schemes are as follows:

a. Wing tip markings are placed on the top and bottom of the wings, extending inboard on the wings about one-third of the length of each wing, but extending inboard no less than 4 feet or more than 8 feet. Unless specific dimensions are given, the strip shall terminate at a natural break in the wing contour. Horizontal control surfaces are not to be coated with high visibility paint.

b. The entire vertical tail section except control surfaces shall be painted to the zone where the vertical stabilizer flares into the fuselage.

c. All aircraft, except transports and T-6, shall be painted on the bottom and sides on the front portion of the fuselage starting from the radome, if any, and extending aft and terminating at a line perpendicular to the forward edge of the front canopy. For transports, the bottom and the sides on the front portion of the fuselage shall be painted, starting from aft of the radome and extending aft 12 feet, or aft to a line perpendicular to the most forward portion of the engines, whichever distance is less.

The customary insignia, markings, solar reflecting finish, antiglare, walkway materials, rain erosion resistant finish, deicer boots, exhaust trail finish, etc., shall retain the original color and these areas shall not be overpainted.

d. Wing tip tanks on aircraft finished with the high visibility paint scheme shall be painted international orange, FED-STD-595, color number 12197, except when these tanks are part of the areas where antiglare or polishing is required.

e. High visibility paint schemes shall not be applied to any transparent or translucent plastic, metal frames, fittings on windows, or painted nose sections having an area of less than 2 square feet.

5.1.2 Arctic paint scheme. The high visibility paint scheme may be advantageous for assisting in spotting downed aircraft against a snow background. Use of this paint scheme, however, shall be in accordance with 5.1.1. Fuselage markings, such as branch of service, etc., shall not be overcoated or overlapped with the high visibility paint scheme. The national insignia on the fuselage and the wings shall not be overcoated or overlapped by the high visibility paint scheme. The national insignia, however, may be applied over the high visibility paint scheme and shall not be altered in its size or location. The remainder of the aircraft shall retain the paint scheme prescribed for the aircraft type, with the exception that upper surfaces of the fuselage shall be painted gray, FED-STD-595, color number 16081, in place of insignia white, FED-STD-595, color number 17925. On helicopters, international orange, FED-STD- 595, color number 12197, shall be applied overall, with the exception of areas requiring extensive marking. These areas shall retain the basic aircraft paint scheme.

5.1.3 Tactical paint schemes. Tactical paint schemes are used for reduction of initial detection range and/or to reduce the probability of visual or photographic detection (in flight or on the ground). Tactical paint scheme patterns are based on optical principles that dictate certain nonreflective colors, color configurations, and color proportions. Arbitrary application of markings and color schemes, other than those prescribed in this standard, are prohibited.

Tactical paint schemes are comprised of single or multiple shades of gray or blue-gray with exterior markings applied in a contrasting lusterless gray/blue-gray color (see 5.2.3).

5.1.3.1 Tactical paint scheme materials. The standard topcoat for the tactical paint scheme and insignia markings is polyurethane (lusterless) coating conforming to MIL-PRF-85285. Decals may be used in lieu of paint for insignia and markings that are a maximum of 4 inches in height provided that they are made of a non-reflective decal material meeting the gloss and color requirements of the coating system.

5.1.3.2 Tactical paint scheme patterns. Approved tactical paint scheme patterns shall be in accordance with Appendices C and D.

5.1.3.2.1 Aircraft surfaces. The tactical paint scheme patterns shall be in accordance with the specific aircraft illustrations included in Appendices C and D. These illustrations, however, are intended only as guides. Minor variations in pattern are acceptable. Care shall be taken that proportion and balance of the colors are approximately as shown in the illustrations.

Boundaries between colors shown in the illustrations shall be irregular and fade into each other with no sharp lines of demarcation. A 6-inch blend line shall be used at all color boundaries.

5.1.3.2.2 Bottom surfaces. Most tactical paint schemes use a single color on the underside of the fuselage, wings, horizontal stabilizer, and control surfaces. The color on the underside of the aircraft shall be brought up the sides of the fuselage to give the approximate side view appearance in accordance with the application illustration of Appendices C and D. The transition from the underside color to the upper surface pattern shall be an irregular, indistinct, countershaded, 6-inch blend area. A sharp line and any regular repeating pattern (such as a scallop pattern) may raise the risk of visual detection and compromise the overall effect. On low-wing aircraft, the color on the bottom of the fuselage shall be brought into the wing root to meet the color under the wing.

5.1.4 Paint scheme for drones. Drone exterior surfaces shall be painted orange, FED-STD-595, color number 22190. See Appendix C, Figure C-2 for an example of the drone paint scheme.

5.1.5 Paint scheme for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Unless otherwise approved by

NAVAIR AIR-4.1.8 or CNAF (N421), UAVs shall have a tactical paint scheme applied to the exterior surfaces. See Appendix C, Figure C-32 for an example of a UAV paint scheme.

5.1.6 Paint scheme for target aircraft. Exterior surfaces of target aircraft are typically painted fluorescent orange (FED-STD-595, color number 28915), white or gray. Manufacturers provide the color specifications for the white and gray colors. Examples of orange-color targets include BQM-74C, BQM-74E, MA-31, BQM-74F (new replacement for BQM-74E), and BQM- 34S (orange-color body with black wing and vertical tail tips). Examples of targets painted with colors other than orange include AQM-37C and GQM-163A. Follow manufacturer drawings for the specific target aircraft colors. Appendix C, Figure C-2 provides the color scheme for BQM- 74C and BQM-74E.

5.1.7 Solar heat reflection. With the exception of where tactical paint schemes are employed, the upper surfaces of the fuselage of all land-based cargo, transport, and utility planes shall be painted insignia white, FED-STD-595, color number 17925. The white color shall begin at the top, forward edge of the pilot’s enclosure, extending aft to include the vertical stabilizer and elevator, and extending down each side of the fuselage to the bottom of the windows, in accordance with Appendices C and D. Aircraft used in a VIP transport or staff capacity may employ a stripe below the white area that runs forward to aft down the side of the fuselage and a chevron on the nacelles for decorative purposes.

5.1.8 Antiglare. On all pilot-operated aircraft, nonspecular (lusterless) paint shall be employed on all airframe surfaces that may produce glare in the pilot or copilot’s eyes, or induce eyestrain due to excessive brightness. These areas shall be painted nonspecular (lusterless) black, FED-STD-595, color number 37038, with the exception of aircraft painted with tactical paint schemes. Aircraft painted with tactical paint schemes shall use nonspecular gray, FED- STD-595, color number 36320, or blue, FED-STD-595, color number 35237.

5.1.9 Glass fiber reinforced plastic assemblies. The color of assemblies fabricated of glass-fiber reinforced plastic (such as radomes, radio antenna housings, noses, fairings, wing tips, and intake ducts) for which rain-erosion-protective finishes are required, shall match the color of adjacent surfaces.

5.1.10 Landing gear.

5.1.10.1 Fixed landing gear. Fixed landing gear shall be painted to match the prescribed color scheme of the particular aircraft.

5.1.10.2 Retractable landing gear. Retractable landing gear, wheel well areas, wheel assemblies, inner surfaces of landing gear well covers, hydroskis (including the strut and trunnion doors) and nose gear doors (auxiliary, including the strut door), etc., shall be colored insignia white, FED-STD-595, color number 17925. The edges of the landing gear door shall be painted insignia red, FED-STD-595, color number 11136, without overcoating the white. The outer surfaces of the well covers shall be painted to match the prescribed color scheme of the aircraft.

5.1.11 Speed brakes, wing flaps, etc. Interior surfaces of speed brakes and wing flaps shall be colored insignia red, FED-STD-595, color number 11136. Exterior surfaces of speed brakes and wing flaps shall be colored to match the prescribed color scheme of the aircraft.

Wing flap areas, which are covered by the wing when they are in the retracted position, shall be colored insignia red, FED-STD-595, color number 11136. Conformance to these requirements, especially with respect to aircraft painted with a tactical paint scheme, shall be determined on a case-by-case basis by the aircraft Program Manager in conjunction with the Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8). In case of hostility, fleet commanders have the authority to overpaint these red areas for tactical advantage.

5.1.12 Wing leading edge slats. The interior (lower) surface and inboard end of wing leading edge slats, and the wing area covered by the slat, when in a fully retracted position, shall be colored insignia red, FED-STD-595, color number 11136, with the exception of new aircraft to be delivered with a tactical paint scheme. On these new aircraft, the interior surface covering color shall be determined by the Program Manager in conjunction with the Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8). Exterior surfaces of wing leading edge slats shall be colored to match the required color scheme of the aircraft (see the applicable figures in Appendices C and D).

5.1.13 Walkways and steps. Where anti-skid material is applied, the color shall be as follows: for conventionally painted aircraft, the color shall be gray, FED-STD-595, color number 36231, or black, FED-STD-595, color number 37038. For aircraft with tactical paint schemes, the color shall match the color of adjacent areas.

5.1.14 External stores (including ordnance). External fuel tanks, pylons, rocket launchers, missiles, pods, and other mounted equipment shall be colored to conform to the aircraft paint scheme. For tactical paint schemes, gray, FED-STD-595, color number 36375, shall be used, with the exception of external stores peculiar to the SH-60 aircraft. For these items, the color shall be gray, FED-STD-595, color number 36495. All other paint schemes shall use FED-STD-595, color number 17925. Stores used on multiple aircraft with different color schemes shall be painted to match the primary user. If temperature problems occur, the use of a lighter shade of gray is acceptable upon approval of the Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8). Safety color-coded markings shall be applied as specified in other directives.

5.1.15 Radomes, antennae and antennae covers. Blade type antennae, antenna mast, antennae covers, and radomes shall be painted to match the color of adjacent areas, except where prohibited by manufacturer’s direction.

5.1.16 Helicopter blades, hubs, transmissions and rotor mechanisms.

5.1.16.1 Rotor blades. Main and tail rotor blades shall be painted black, FED-STD-595 color number 37038, except when the tactical paint scheme is utilized. When the tactical paint scheme is utilized, the color of the rotor blades shall be black, FED-STD-595 color number 37038, or gray. The gray color will depend on the aircraft model and shall match the tactical color used on the upper surface of the aircraft. Marking of the main and tail rotor blades shall be in accordance with 5.2.2.10.3.

5.1.16.2 Hubs of helicopters. Helicopter hubs shall be painted black, FED-STD-595, color number 37038, except aircraft painted with the tactical paint scheme. For aircraft painted with tactical paint scheme, the color of the hubs shall match the tactical paint scheme.

5.1.16.3 Transmission and rotor mechanisms of helicopters. Helicopter transmissions and rotor mechanisms, other than blades and hubs, shall be painted black, FED-STD-595, color number 37038, with the exception of aircraft painted with a tactical paint scheme. For aircraft with a tactical paint scheme, the color of the transmission and rotor mechanisms shall match the tactical paint scheme.

Note: When the same model/series aircraft is used in both the U.S. Navy and Marine

Corps and each service requires a different paint scheme, the transmission and rotor mechanisms (including blades) on all aircraft for that branch of service shall be painted black, FED-STD-595, color number 37038, or gray, respectively. The gray color number will depend on the aircraft model and shall match the tactical color used on the upper surface of the aircraft. The decision on which color to use will be based on which service has the most aircraft of this model series.

5.1.17 Jet air intake ducts. The color of the adjacent aircraft exterior shall be carried around the lip of the duct and into the duct approximately 6 inches (except for the chevrons).

All remaining interior surfaces of the duct shall be painted insignia white, FED-STD-595, color number 17925.

5.1.18 Propeller assemblies.

5.1.18.1 Blades. Blades shall be painted black, FED-STD-595, color number 37038, with the exception of aircraft with a tactical paint scheme. For aircraft with a tactical paint scheme, the color of the blades shall match the tactical paint scheme. Markings shall be as specified in 5.2.2.10.3 and 5.2.2.10.3.5.

5.1.18.2 Spinners. Spinners shall be painted black, FED-STD-595, color number 37038, with the exception of aircraft with the tactical paint scheme. For aircraft with a tactical paint scheme, the color of the spinners shall match the tactical paint scheme.

5.1.18.3 Hubs and domes. Hubs and domes shall be painted black, FED-STD-595, color number 37038, with the exception of aircraft with tactical paint schemes. For aircraft with a tactical paint scheme, the color of hubs and domes shall match the tactical paint scheme.

5.1.19 Engine cowling interiors. The interior of engine cowlings shall be painted gray, FED-STD-595, color number 16440, unless a different color is specified by the engine technical manual for the specific aircraft.

5.2 Aircraft exterior markings. Exterior markings for fixed wing aircraft shall be in accordance with Appendix C. Exterior markings for rotary wing aircraft shall be in accordance with Appendix D. Certain marking provisions of this standard are subject to international standardization agreements and shall not be changed, except under emergency conditions, without prior coordination with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Unless otherwise specified, the height of all characters shall be chosen from the following sizes: 12, 16, 20, 24, 30 or 36 inches.

5.2.1 Identification marking. Identification markings for all U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft, with the exception of 5.2.1.1.3 through 5.2.1.1.6, shall be in accordance with 5.2.2 for mandatory markings and 5.2.6 for optional markings. Guidance is provided in 5.2.3 for markings applied to aircraft with the tactical paint schemes.

5.2.1.1 Letter and numeral (character) construction. All letters and numerals (characters) shall be constructed in a modified vertical block form with the exception that open block lettering can be used for markings of 2 inches or less (see Appendix A, Figure A-4). All characters shall be uniform in shape and size. The width of the characters, excluding the dash (-) and the letters G, A, M and W, shall be 75 percent of the height of the character. The dash shall be constructed in accordance with Appendix A, Figure A-4. The width of letters A and M shall be 92 percent of its height. The width of the letter W shall be 108 percent of its height. The width of the letter G, including the overhang on its right side, shall be 83 percent of its height.

All overhangs on letters C, G, S and numerals 2, 3, 4, and 9 shall be 1/12 of the character’s height. The height of characters shall be a minimum of one inch. In areas where this is not possible due to space limitation, the height of the characters may be reduced to 1/2 inch.

Decalcomania conforming to A-A-59485 may be used for application of markings. Only small maintenance marking may be applied by decal to supersonic aircraft and in areas where it may become dislodged and cause foreign object damage (FOD). Decals used shall perform as well or better than the standard topcoat in appearance and durability. Decals shall not be applied where they may be deleterious to the surface to which they are applied. Decals shall not be applied over brazier head rivets.

5.2.1.1.1 Fixed wing aircraft. The typical identification markings for fixed wing aircraft shall be in accordance with applicable figures of Appendix C.

5.2.1.1.2 Rotary wing aircraft (helicopters). The typical identification markings for rotary wing aircraft shall be in accordance with applicable figures of Appendix D.

5.2.1.1.3 Research aircraft. The markings of military aircraft used for research projects are subject to Naval Air Systems Command (AIR 4.1.8) approval in each case.

5.2.1.1.4 Experimental aircraft. Experimental aircraft shall be marked as specified in Appendix C and D, insofar as practicable. In addition, the marking “U.S. NAVY” shall be applied on the upper surface of the right wing and on the bottom surface of the left wing, in a similar location to the national insignia on the opposite wing. The height of the letters shall be the largest possible size that can be accommodated on the aircraft, selected from 5.2.

5.2.1.1.5 Target…