Truth-Requirements-Document--2015.12.31--1200_3.7.2.2_Environment_States.pdf

Truth-Requirements-Document--2015.12.31--1200_3.7.2.2_Environment_States 3.7.2.2 Environments (States) 10/18/2016

Truth Models Requirements Document

(Environments - States)

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT D. Distribution authorized to the Department of Defense and U.S. DoD contractors only (Administrative or Operatiional Use) (16

December 2015). Other requests shall be referred to (MDA DE/S ESP Core Truth Models Lead).

SRD # Shall Statement

3.7.2.2 Environments (Natural States)

3.7.2.2.1

The M&S System shall represent Environments using the International System of units (SI), to include SI base units, SI units, non-SI units accepted for use with SI and SI radiometric units.

3.7.2.2.1.1 Earth Reference

3.7.2.2.1.1.1 Earth

3.7.2.2.1.1.1.1

The M&S System shall represent Earth via the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) Earth Model IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.1.1.1.1 Earth Rotation/Revolution

3.7.2.2.1.1.1.1.1.1

The M&S System shall model the rotation and revolution of Earth at least to a level of accuracy comparable to standard Earth ephemeris data for the period 1900-

2100.

3.7.2.2.1.1.1.1.1.2 The M&S System shall model the rotation of the Earth consistent with the angular velocity specified in the DoD WGS 84 model, Pages 3-5, Table 3.1.

3.7.2.2.1.1.1.1.1.3 The M&S System shall model the revolution of the Earth at arbitrary dates and times.

3.7.2.2.1.1.1.1.1.4

The M&S System shall model the precession motion of the Earth as prescribed by the IAU 1980 theory of precession described in IERS Technical Note No. 21, “IERS Conventions (1996).”

3.7.2.2.1.1.1.1.1.5

The M&S System shall model the nutation motion of the Earth as prescribed by the IAU 1976 nutation model described in IERS Technical Note No. 21, “IERS

Conventions (1996).”

3.7.2.2.1.1.1.1.1.6 The M&S System shall calculate the Earth’s position relative to the sun for arbitrary dates and times.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2 Gravity

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1

The M&S System shall represent gravity via the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) Earth Gravity Model 1996 (EGM 96) IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1 Earth Gravity Model

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1.1 The M&S System shall include an appropriate unclassified global Earth gravity model.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1.1.1 The gravity model must be of a quality comparable to current scientific standards, for example Earth Gravity Model 96

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1.2 The M&S System shall allow users to import their own gravity models.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1.3 The M&S System shall model the following user selectable gravity models.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1.3.1

The M&S System shall model the Earth gravity consistent with NIMA EGM96 Earth gravity model as defined in NIMA TR8350.2 Amendment 1, 3 January 2000, with the following condition:

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1.3.1.1 The model’s normalized gravitational coefficients shall be user selectable up to degree 18 and order 18.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1.3.2 The M&S System shall model the Earth gravity as a 1/r2 force.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1.4 The M&S System shall allow the user to associate this gravity model with any of the Earth shapes.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.1.4.1 The M&S System shall default to the 1/r2 gravity model.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.2 The M&S System shall utilize inputs from WGS-84 for semi major axis.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.3 The M&S System shall utilize inputs from WGS-84 for flattening.

3.7.2.2.1.1.2.1.4 The M&S System shall utilize inputs from WGS-84 for Earth Gravitational Constant w/atmosphere.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3 Terrain

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Truth-Requirements-Document--2015.12.31--1200_3.7.2.2_Environment_States 3.7.2.2 Environments (States) 10/18/2016 SRD # Shall Statement

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1

The M&S System shall represent earth terrain via the Earth Terrain Model provided by National GeoSpatial - Intelligence (NGA) Digital Terrain

Elevation Data (DTED).

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.1 The Earth Terrain Model shall include an option to model Earth Terrain using DTED Level 0.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.2 The Earth Terrain Model shall include an option to model Earth terrain using DTED Level 1.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.3 The Earth Terrain Model shall include an option to model Earth terrain using DTED Level 2.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.4 Earth Shape / Topography Model

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.4.1

The M&S System shall include a spherical Earth model and at least one non-spherical global shape model such as the World Geodetic System 1984 Oblate Earth model.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.4.2 The M&S System shall include include Earth models, at both global and regional scales and allow users to import their own shape and topography models.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.4.3 The M&S System shall provide a spherical Earth model with radius of 6371.0087714 km (mean value of the semiaxes).

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.4.4 The M&S System shall provide a non-spherical Earth model by:

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.4.4.1 Providing an oblate spheroid, characterized by user-specified semi-major axis and eccentricity,

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.4.4.2 Drawing the default shape values from the WGS 84 model.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.5 Sea Ice

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.5.1 The M&S System shall model:

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.5.1.1 Sea ice topology, including frequency of occurrence by season and geography,

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.5.1.2 Morphology,

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.5.1.3 Sea ice effects on scattering radiation and emission of radiation from Visible to RF, including glint effects.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.6 Land Ice

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.6.1 The M&S System shall model:

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.6.1.1 Land ice topology,

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.6.1.2 Morphology,

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.6.1.3 Effects on scattering radiation and emission of radiation from Visible to RF, including glint effects.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7 Terrain/Ocean

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.1

The M&S System shall model terrain/ocean covering full complex index of refraction for natural and man made terrain, including urban residential and commercial areas.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.1 The M&S System shall include:

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.1.1 Vegetation (grass, scrub, agricultural crops, forests),

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.1.2 Rock (sandstone, limestone, salt flats),

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.1.3 Sand,

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.1.4 Silt,

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.1.5 Soil (tilled, compacted),

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.1.6 Bodies of water, including ocean wave effects.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.2 The M&S System shall include model predictions of:

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.2.1 Emissive properties,

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.2.2 Reflective properties,

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.2.3 Polarization effects.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.3 The M&S System shall also accept measured/collected data.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.4 The M&S System shall cover Visible to VLF.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.4.1 The minimum resolution requirement for regional terrain/ocean features is 30 m.

3.7.2.2.1.1.3.1.7.2.4.2 The M&S System shall handle higher resolution terrain/ocean features when data is available.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4 Albedo Page 2

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3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1 The M&S System shall represent Earth's Albedo IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.1 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for macroscopic terrestrial surface features.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.2 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for macroscopic manmade surface features.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.3 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for macroscopic atmosphere features.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.4 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for liquid water.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.5 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for reflectance of snow.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.6 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for Clouds.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.7 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for sea ice in visible spectrum.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.8 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for macroscopic desert surface features.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.9 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for vegetation.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.10 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for water.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.11 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for atmosphere.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.12 The M&S System shall model reflectance values for ice.

3.7.2.2.1.1.4.1.13 The user/scenario shall provide aerosol effects on radiative transfer when calculating components of spectral irradiance (stronger effect in boundary layer).

3.7.2.2.1.1.5 Sea Wave Turbulence

3.7.2.2.1.1.5.1

The M&S System shall represent sea wave turbulence via the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) sea state IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.1.5.1.1 The M&S system shall be able to represent WMO Sea States 0-9.

3.7.2.2.1.1.5.1.2 The M&S system shall represent swell direction.

3.7.2.2.1.1.5.1.3 The M&S system shall represent swell character low.

3.7.2.2.1.1.5.1.4 The M&S system shall represent swell character moderate.

3.7.2.2.1.1.5.1.5 The M&S system shall represent swell character heavy.

3.7.2.2.1.1.6 Earthshine

3.7.2.2.1.1.6.1 The M&S System shall represent Earthshine IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.1.6.2 Earthshine Constituents

3.7.2.2.1.1.6.2.1 The M&S System shall model altitude-dependent earthshine radiance with global coverage.

3.7.2.2.1.1.6.2.2 The M&S System shall generate the earthshine radiance at a user specified location.

3.7.2.2.1.1.6.2.3 The M&S System shall allow the user to specify the cloud altitude.

3.7.2.2.1.1.6.2.4 The M&S System shall allow the user to specify the cloud type.

3.7.2.2.1.1.6.2.5 The M&S System shall allow the user to select from analytic, low, and high fidelity earthshine models.

3.7.2.2.1.1.6.3 Terminator

3.7.2.2.1.1.6.3.1 The M&S System shall model the solar terminator.

3.7.2.2.1.1.7 Geomagnetic Field

3.7.2.2.1.1.7.1 The M&S system shall represent the earth geomagnetic field IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.1.7.1.1 The Geomagnetic Field Model shall utilize inputs from WGS-84 for altitude above surface of the Earth.

3.7.2.2.1.1.7.1.2 The Geomagnetic Field Model shall utilize inputs latitude (degrees, or radians).

3.7.2.2.1.1.7.1.3 The Geomagnetic Field Model shall utilize inputs longitude (degrees, or radians).

3.7.2.2.1.1.7.1.4 The Geomagnetic Field Model shall utilize inputs time of year (scalar, decimal, Julian date…)

3.7.2.2.1.1.7.2 The Geomagnetic Field Model shall compute the geomagnetic index, an indicator of the perturbed state of the geomagnetic field.

3.7.2.2.1.1.7.3 The Geomagnetic Field Model shall provide values for declination as a function of time and location.Page 3

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3.7.2.2.1.1.7.4 The Geomagnetic Field Model shall provide values for inclination as a function of time and location.

3.7.2.2.1.1.7.5 The Geomagnetic Field Model shall provide values for intensity as a function of time and location.

3.7.2.2.1.2 Atmosphere

3.7.2.2.1.2.1 Standard Atmosphere

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.1

The M&S System shall represent the earth atmosphere via industry standard atmosphere profiles IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in

Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.1.1 The M&S System shall utilize inputs for local time of day.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.1.2 The M&S System shall utilize inputs for northern latitude location (15, 30, 45, 60, 75).

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.1.3 The M&S System shall utilize inputs for climate conditions (summer and winter).

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.2

The atmospheric profile model shall provide values for temperature, pressure, humidity, density, speed of sound and wind velocity as a function of location, date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3 2-D Atmosphere

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.1 The M&S System shall provide, for major and minor molecular species, high-fidelity 2-dimensional atmospheric altitude and azimuthal simulations of:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.1.1 Atmospheric temperature

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.1.2 Pressure

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.1.3 Densities of major and minor molecular species.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2 At a minimum, the M&S System shall include:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.1 Aerosols

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.2 Water

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.3 Ice

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4 the following major species (in terms of radiative importance) at all (low and high) altitudes:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4.1 H2O (water)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4.2 CO2 (carbon dioxide)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4.3 O3 (ozone)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4.4 N2O (nitrous oxide)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4.5 CH4 (methane)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4.6 CO (carbon monoxide)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4.7 NO (nitric oxide)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4.8 OH (hydroxide)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.5 the following minor species (in terms of radiative importance) at lower altitudes:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.5.1 SO2 (sulfur dioxide)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.5.2 NO2 (nitrogen dioxide)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.5.3 NH3 (ammonia)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.5.4 HNO3 (nitric acid)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.6 NO+ (nitrous oxide ion) for aurora infrared radiance

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.7 the following species of visible importance at all altitudes:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.7.1 O2 (molecular oxygen)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.7.2 N2 (molecular nitrogen)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.8 the following species of visible importance for aurora:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.8.1 O (atomic oxygen)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.8.2 N (atomic nitrogen)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.8.3 O+ (atomic oxygen ion)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.8.4 N2+ (molecular nitrogen ion) Page 4

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3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.9 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.10 Important ions and isotopes,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.11 Smoke.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.3 The M&S System shall generate:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.3.1 Neutral and excited species atmospheres,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.3.2 Response of these species to temperature fluctuations for both extended and multiple local regions.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.4 The M&S System shall generate multiple local atmospheric regions that shall account for:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.4.1 Aurora

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.4.2 Solar terminator

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.4.3 Stratospheric warming

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.4.4 Polar mesospheric clouds

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.4.5 Gravity waves

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.4.6 Other local atmospheric effects.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.5

The M&S System shall calculate excited state populations for radiance calculations and response of excited state populations to temperature fluctuations for atmospheric structure calculations.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.6 The M&S System shall provide a convenient means for users to create and incorporate custom atmospheric profiles.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.4 3-D Atmosphere (See 3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.1 - 3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.6 )

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5 Atmospheric Profile

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.1

The M&S System shall calculate an atmospheric state description as a function of altitude, geodetic or geocentric latitude, and longitude (where the Meridian is defined to be longitude and zonal is defined to be latitude).

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.2 The M&S System shall calculate the following properties as a function of altitude, geodetic or geocentric latitude, and longitude:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.2.1 Temperature

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.2.2 Total pressure

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.2.3 Number density of major species, including water vapor (Reference “Description of the SHARC Atmosphere Generator” document)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.2.4 Number density of minor species (Reference “Description of the SHARC Atmosphere Generator”document)

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.3 The M&S System shall calculate excited state populations of major and minor species (Reference “User’s manual for SIG SHARC Image Generator” document).

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.4 The M&S System shall model isotopic ratios as identified in (Reference document about SAMM, SHARC, and MODTRAN).

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.5 The M&S System shall model solar terminator (meeting or exceeding the capabilities of SHARC4/SAG).

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.6 The M&S System shall allow the user to select one of the following MODTRAN standard atmospheric profiles:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.6.1 Tropical

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.6.2 Mid latitude summer

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.6.3 Mid latitude winter

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.6.4 High latitude summer

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.6.5 High latitude winter

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.6.6 1976 US Standard

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.7 The M&S System shall allow the user to select the BEAM atmospheric profile as an option.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.8 The M&S System shall allow a user-defined atmospheric state in the M&S System atmospheric state file format.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.5.9 The M&S System shall allow the user to import radiosonde data into M&S System.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6 Earth Limb

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.1 The M&S System shall model the earth limb from Visible to RF, including:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.1.1 Species abundance changes,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.1.2 Excitation changes. Page 5

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3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2 The M&S System shall model earth limb LOS mean radiance from the Visible to LWIR.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7 EO/IR Propagation Properties

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.1 The M&S System shall model visible, infrared, and RF (radar) radiation transport for the entire atmosphere including:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.1.1 Low altitude local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) regions, and

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.1.2 High altitude non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) regions of the atmosphere.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2 Line-of-sight radiance and transmission calculations shall account for path emission and scattering, to include:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2.1 Molecular emission,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2.2 Molecular scattering,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2.3 Molecular absorption,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2.4 Aerosol single scattering sources,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2.5 Cloud multiple scattering sources,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2.6 Spectral extinction,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2.7 Spectral absorption,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2.8 Spectral scattering losses,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.2.9 The effects of atmospheric structure.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.3

The M&S System shall calculate radiance values that meet or exceed the fidelity of MODTRAN4 run with the CK (Correlated K) option for the LTE atmospheric region.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.4

The M&S System shall calculate transmission values that meet or exceed the fidelity of MODTRAN4 run with the CK (Correlated K) option for the LTE atmospheric region.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.5 The M&S System shall calculate radiance values that meet or exceed the fidelity of SHARC 4 for the NLTE atmospheric region.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.6 The M&S System shall calculate transmission values that meet or exceed the fidelity of SHARC 4 for the NLTE atmospheric region.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.7 The M&S System shall generate radiance calculations with a spectral resolution of 2 cm-1.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.6.8 The M&S System shall generate transmission calculations with a spectral resolution of 2 cm-1.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7 RF Propagation Properties

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7.1 The M&S System shall model RF propagation.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7.2

The M&S System shall generate line-of-sight (LOS) integrals for nuclear disturbed regions and produce the channel parameters to model the effects of a nuclear disturbance on radar system operation.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7.3 The M&S System shall model UHF propagation, which includes over the horizon radar, accounting for:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7.1.1 Day/night atmospheric effects,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7.1.2 Effects of the solar cycle,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7.1.3 Major solar storms.

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7.4 The M&S System shall:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7.4.1 Model 3-D atmospheric temperature and density fluctuations over short time scales,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.7.4.2 Simulate point and path radiation fluctuations (clutter).

3.7.2.2.1.2.2 Surface Observation

3.7.2.2.1.2.2.1

The M&S System shall represent "day of flight" surface observation IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments

Data to replicate real world BMDS tests.

3.7.2.2.1.2.2.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide location.

3.7.2.2.1.2.2.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide time of day.

3.7.2.2.1.2.2.1.3 The user/scenario shall provide forecast, or actual observational data?

3.7.2.2.1.2.2.2 The surface observation function shall provide values for site-specific temperature data. (f, or c).

3.7.2.2.1.2.2.3 The surface observation functional shall provide values for site-specific pressure data. (mb, hectopascals, ?).

3.7.2.2.1.2.2.4 The surface observation function shall provide values for site-specific relative humidity data. (f, or c).Page 6

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3.7.2.2.1.2.2.5 The surface observation function shall provide values for site-specific dew point data. (decimal, or percentage).

3.7.2.2.1.2.3 Airborne Particulates

3.7.2.2.1.2.3.1

3.7.2.2.1.2.4 Rain

3.7.2.2.1.2.4.1 The M&S System shall represent rain IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.4.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide input for cell type (convective, or debris).

3.7.2.2.1.2.4.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide station height above sea level (m, or km).

3.7.2.2.1.2.4.1.3 The user scenario shall provide the slant path elevation angle (degrees, or radians).

3.7.2.2.1.2.4.1.4 The user/scenario shall provide height of isotherm.

3.7.2.2.1.2.4.2 Weather

3.7.2.2.1.2.4.2.1 The M&S System shall model discrete and aggregate weather phenomena, e.g., the M&S System shall provide the ability to compute detailed properties of:

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.2.1.1 Clouds,

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.2.1.2 Radar properties of rain and snow, and

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.2.1.3 Cloud penetration and

3.7.2.2.1.2.1.2.1.4 Forward scattering

3.7.2.2.1.2.5 Tropospheric / Boundary Layer Winds

3.7.2.2.1.2.5.1

The M&S System shall represent tropospheric / boundary layer winds IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments

Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.5.2

The Tropospheric / Boundary Layer Wind Model shall represent the vertical component of tropospheric boundary layer winds and the variability in vertical wind velocity as functions of time

3.7.2.2.1.2.5.3 The Tropospheric / Boundary Layer Wind Model shall provide values for wind speed as a function of location, date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.2.5.4 The Tropospheric / Boundary Layer Wind Model shall provide values for wind direction as a function of location, date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.2.5.5 The Tropospheric / Boundary Layer Wind Model shall provide values for wind gust as a function of location, date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.2.5.6 The Tropospheric / Boundary Layer Wind Model shall provide values for wind shear as a function of location, date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.2.5.7 The Tropospheric / Boundary Layer Wind Model shall provide values for boundary layer winds depth as a function of location, date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.2.6 Clouds

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.1 The M&S System shall represent clouds IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for cloud location (lat, long?)

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for cloud altitude.

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.1.3 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for amount of sky coverage (percentage, fraction).

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.2 The Cloud Model shall provide values for the cloud position.

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.3 The Cloud Model shall provide values for the cloud's vertical extents.

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.4 The Cloud Model shall provide values for the cloud's horizontal extents.

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.5 The Cloud Model shall account for a defined percentage of cloud cover.

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6 Cloud Physics

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.1 The M&S System shall calculate the transfer of radiation through clouds.

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.2 The M&S System shall model:

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.2.1 Topology, including frequency of occurrence by season and geography,

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.2.2 Morphology,

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.2.3 Internal content (liquid water/ice),

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.2.4 Drop or crystal size distributions, Page 7

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3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.2.5 Thermal variations,

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.2.6 The effects of the previously listed items on scattering radiation and emission of radiation from Visible to RF.

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.3 The M&S System shall:

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.3.1 Model clouds and cloud effects on the environment such as cooling in the shadow of the cloud,

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.3.2 Include representations of different cloud types (e.g. cumulonimbus, cirrus, etc.).

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.4 The M&S System shall include:

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.4.1 Solar backscatter as seen from above and below, from the UV to RF;

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.4.2 Bright source backscatter and photon penetrating blur circle;

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.4.3 A validated model of wavelength specific absorption within the cloud, and

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.4.4 Scattering absorption and spatial scattering as seen from above or below; and

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.4.5 Measured complex index of refraction for both liquid and solid water (ice).

3.7.2.2.1.2.6.6.5 The M&S System shall include wavefront effects for time gated imaging through clouds.

3.7.2.2.1.2.7 Cloudshine

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.1 The M&S System shall represent cloudshine IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for cloud location (lat, long?)

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for cloud altitude.

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.1.3 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for amount of sky coverage (percentage, fraction).

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.2 The M&S System shall model cloudshine as a function of physical object location.

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.3 The M&S System shall model cloudshine as a function of cloud location.

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.4 The M&S System shall model cloudshine as a function of cloud altitude.

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.5 The M&S System shall model cloudshine as a function of the fraction of the earth's surface covered by clouds.

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.6 The M&S System shall model the integrated in-band intensity of cloudshine.

3.7.2.2.1.2.7.7 The M&S System shall generate the mean cloud cover for use in determining the effects of clouds.

3.7.2.2.1.2.8 Fog

3.7.2.2.1.2.8.1 The M&S System shall represent fog IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.8.2 The M&S System shall model fog as a function of liquid water content (LWC).

3.7.2.2.1.2.8.3 The M&S System shall model fog as a function of cloud drop effective radius.

3.7.2.2.1.2.8.4 The Fog Model shall provide values for sky noise temperature.

3.7.2.2.1.2.8.5 The Fog Model shall provide values for 2-way attenuation.

3.7.2.2.1.2.8.6 The Fog Model shall provide values for path length. This should be the user/scenario providing this?

3.7.2.2.1.2.9 Atmospheric Constituents

3.7.2.2.1.2.9.1 The M&S system shall represent atmospheric gaseous species IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.9.2

The Atmospheric Constituents Model shall include concentrations of non-varying major gaseous atmospheric constituents as a function of the input parameters.

3.7.2.2.1.2.9.3 The Atmospheric Constituents Model shall include concentrations of minor gaseous atmospheric constituents as a function of the input parameters.

3.7.2.2.1.2.9.4 The Atmospheric Constituents Model shall include concentrations of atmospheric water vapor as a function of the input parameters.

3.7.2.2.1.2.9.5

The M&S System shall represent atmospheric constituents that interact with EO/IR and RF signals with a continuous profile without any unnatural discontinuities from the ground up to the exoatmosphere. (See 3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.4 - 3.7.2.2.1.2.1.3.2.8)

3.7.2.2.1.2.10 Middle Atmospheric Winds

3.7.2.2.1.2.11 Skyshine

3.7.2.2.1.2.11.1 The M&S System shall represent skyshine IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.Page 8

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3.7.2.2.1.2.11.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for location (lat, long).

3.7.2.2.1.2.11.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide sensor-line of sight direction (degrees, radians).

3.7.2.2.1.2.11.2 The M&S System shall model skyshine as a function of physical object location.

3.7.2.2.1.2.11.3 The M&S System shall model skyshine as a function of sensor line-of-sight direction.

3.7.2.2.1.2.11.4 The M&S System shall model the in-band intensity of skyshine.

3.7.2.2.1.2.12 Upper Atmospheric Density

3.7.2.2.1.2.13 Thermospheric / High Altitude Winds

3.7.2.2.1.2.14 Aurora

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.1 The M&S System shall model Aurora IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for location (lat, long).

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for local time of day.

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.1.3 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for date.

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.1.4 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for geomagnetic index.

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.1.5 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for solar activity.

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.2 The Aurora Model shall provide values for electron density as a function of location.

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.3 The Aurora Model shall provide values for electron density as a function of date and time of day.

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.4 The Aurora Model shall provide values for electron density as a function of geomagnetic index.

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.5 The Aurora Model shall provide values for electron density as a function of solar activity.

3.7.2.2.1.2.14.6 The M&S System shall model non-stationary 2-D and 3-D aurora.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15 Ionospheric State

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.1 The M&S System shall represent the ionospheric state IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for time of day.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for location (lat, long).

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.1.3 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for line-sight path.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.1.4 The user/scenario must provide values for Total Electron Count (TEC) using COSPAR-URSI IRI-95, or NeQuick-based method.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.1.5 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor location.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.1.6 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor line-of-sight path (degrees, radians).

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.1.7 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor frequency.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.1.8 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for Earth Geomagnetic field state in (Wb/m2).

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.2 The Ionosphere Model shall provide plasma characterizations covering the viewing geometry specific to BMDS Constituents.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.3 The Ionosphere Model shall provide values of electron density.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.4 The Ionosphere Model shall provide outputs in high solar activity and for high geomagnetic disturbance conditions.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.5 The Ionosphere Model shall provide outputs in a non-auroral atmosphere for magnetically quiet conditions.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.6 The M&S System shall:

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.6.1 Model day/night ionospheric layers, including changes induced by solar cycle and solar eruptions.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.6.2 Provide functionality to input real time observations for current field conditions.

3.7.2.2.1.2.15.6.3 Include Wavelength coverage from Visible to Very Low Frequency (VLF).

3.7.2.2.1.2.16 Sky Noise

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.1 The M&S System shall represent sky noise IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for local time.

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for date.

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.1.3 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor elevation angle. Page 9

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3.7.2.2.1.2.16.1.4 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for line-of-sight and proximity to Moon.

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.1.5 The user/scenario shall provide sensor location.

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.2 The Sky Noise Model shall include the effects of clear air, rain and cloud contributions in computing the effective sky noise temperature.

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.3 The Sky Noise Model shall provide values for thermal noise produced in the atmosphere as a function of date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.4 The Sky Noise Model shall provide values for thermal noise produced in the atmosphere as a function of elevation angle.

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.5 The Sky Noise Model shall provide values for thermal noise produced from the Moon as a function of line of sight (LOS) proximity to the Moon location.

3.7.2.2.1.2.16.6

The Sky Noise Model shall provide values for thermal noise produced by the ambient, diffuse heating of the atmosphere as a function of the sensor location and time of day.

3.7.2.2.1.3 Solar

3.7.2.2.1.3.1 Sunshine

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.1 The M&S System shall represent sunshine IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide input values for local time of day and year.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide location of the designated physical objects above the earth's surface.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.2 The Sunshine Model shall provide values as a function of time of day and year for predicted location of the sun.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.3

The Sunshine Model shall provide values as a function of time of day and year for visible and infrared solar irradiance at the location of the designated physical objects above the earth's surface.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.4 The Sunshine Model shall provide values as a function of time of day and year for visible and infrared solar irradiance at the earth's surface.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.5 Solar Irradiance

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.5.1 The M&S System shall model solar output from the Visible to the infrared, including spectral faithfulness, and relevant effects of the solar cycle.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.5.2 The M&S System shall model solar irradiance from 0.4 to 30 μm with a fidelity meeting or exceeding that of MODTRAN4.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.5.3 The M&S System shall provide solar irradiance as a function of solar state meeting or exceeding the capabilities of MODTRAN4.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.5.4 The M&S System shall provide solar irradiance as a function of Earth-Sun range meeting or exceeding the capabilities of MODTRAN4.

3.7.2.2.1.3.1.5.5 The M&S System shall model the position of the Sun with a fidelity meeting or exceeding the capabilities of MODTRAN4.

3.7.2.2.1.3.2 Solar Wind

3.7.2.2.1.3.3 Solar Storms

3.7.2.2.1.3.4 Solar Noise

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.1 The M&S System shall represent Solar Noise IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor location.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for time of day at the sensor location.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.1.3 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for date.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.1.4 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor frequency.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.1.5 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor angular distance from the center of the solar disk along a radius extending from that center.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.1.6 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for angular distance between the sensor line of sight (LOS) and solar disk.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.2

The M&S System shall have the capability to model solar noise as a function of: sensor location, time of day at the sensor, date, sensor frequency, and the angular distance from the center of the solar disk along a radius extending from that center.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.3 The Solar Noise Model shall provide values for thermal noise produced from the sun as a function of sensor location, date, and time of day at the sensor..

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.4 The Solar Noise Model shall provide values for thermal noise produced from the sun as a function of sensor frequency.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.5 The Solar Noise Model shall provide values for thermal noise produced from the sun as a function of time of day and date.

3.7.2.2.1.3.4.6 The Solar Noise Model shall provide values for solar noise as a function of the angular distance between the sensor line of sight (LOS) and solar disk. Page 10

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3.7.2.2.1.4 Space

3.7.2.2.1.4.1 Moonshine

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.1 The M&S System shall represent Moonshine IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for physical object location.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor frequency.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.1.3 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for local time and date

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.2 The M&S System shall have the capability to model moonshine as a function of physical object location.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.3 The Moonshine Model shall provide an integrated in-band irradiance of moonshine at the location of the physical object.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.4 The Moonshine Model shall provide values for thermal noise produced from the sun as a function of the following: sensor frequency, time, and date.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5 Lunar Irradiance

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5.1 The M&S System shall emissive and reflective properties of the moon from Visible to RF.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5.1.1 The M&S must include phase effects, including effects of Earthshine

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5.1.2 The M&S System shall model the lunar radiance meeting or exceeding the capability of MODTRAN4

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5.1.3 The M&S System shall model emissive properties of the Moon from 0.4 to 30 μm with a fidelity meeting or exceeding that of MODTRAN4.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5.1.4 The M&S System shall model reflective properties of the Moon from 0.4 to 30 μm with a fidelity meeting or exceeding that of MODTRAN4.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5.1.5 The M&S System shall provide lunar irradiance as a function of phase meeting or exceeding the capabilities of MODTRAN4.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5.1.6 The M&S System shall provide lunar irradiance as a function of Earth-Moon range meeting or exceeding the capabilities of MODTRAN4.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5.1.7 The M&S System shall calculate lunar position accuracy meeting or exceeding the capabilities of MODTRAN4.

3.7.2.2.1.4.1.5.1.8 The M&S System shall model the moon as an extended disk including phase effects (light and dark regions).

3.7.2.2.1.4.2 Celestial Bodies

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.1 The M&S System shall model celestial bodies based on user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for local time and date.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.1.2 The user scenario shall provide inputs for moon location.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.1.3 The user scenario shall provide inputs for moon location.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.1.4 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor location.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.2 The Celestial Bodies Model shall model the phase of the moon as a function of date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.3 The Celestial Bodies Model shall model the EO / IR in-band irradiance emitted by and reflected from the moon as a function of date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.4 The Celestial Bodies Model shall model the sun's position in the sky as a function of date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.5 The Celestial Bodies Model shall model the EO / IR in-band irradiance of the sun. (at the top of Earths atmosphere or received at the surface?)

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.6 The Celestial Bodies Model shall model the position in the sky of each major planet as a function of date, time and sensor location.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.7 The Celestial Bodies Model shall model EO / IR in-band irradiance of each major planet as a function of date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.8 The Celestial Bodies Model shall model the RF signatures of major planets as a function of date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.9 The Celestial Bodies Model shall model the positions of stars as a function of date, time and sensor location.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.10 The Celestial Bodies Model shall model EO / IR in-band irradiance of stars.

3.7.2.2.1.4.2.11 The Celestial Bodies Model shall provide values for the position of the defined celestial bodies.

3.7.2.2.1.4.3 Plasma / Radiation

3.7.2.2.1.4.4 Galactic Noise

3.7.2.2.1.4.4.1 The M&S System shall represent Galactic Noise IAW user selectable initialization parameters defined in Table B.1: Environments Data.Page 11

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3.7.2.2.1.4.4.1.1 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for local date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.4.4.1.2 The user/scenario shall provide inputs for sensor frequency.

3.7.2.2.1.4.4.2 The Galactic Noise Model shall account for sky orientation and extent of diffuse emission associated with the galactic plane as a function of date and time.

3.7.2.2.1.4.4.3 The Galactic Noise Model shall provide values for noise associated with the diffuse galactic plane emission as a function of sensor frequency.

3.7.2.2.1.4.4.4

The Galactic Noise Model shall provide values for noise associated with the diffuse galactic plane emission as a function of sky coordinates. sky coordinates.