Truth-Requirements-Document--2015.12.31--1200_3.7.2.1_Signatures.pdf

Truth-Requirements-Document--2015.12.31--1200 3.7.2.1 Signatures 10/18/2016

Truth Models Requirements Document

(Signatures)

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT D. Distribution authorized to the Department of Defense and U.S. DoD contractors only (Administrative or Operatiional Use) (16

December 2015). Other requests shall be referred to (MDA DE/S ESP Core Truth Models Lead).

SRD # Shall Statement

3.7.2.1 Signatures

3.7.2.1.1 Plume EO/IR Signatures

3.7.2.1.1.1 Low Altitude Plume EO/IR Signatures

3.7.2.1.1.1.1

The M&S System shall compute low altitude (continuum) steady and temporal at source EO/IR plume signatures of ballistic missile threats propelled by liquid engines.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1 Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion and Flow Interactions

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1 Cycle Balance Interactions

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1

The M&S System shall model liquid engine cycle balances to assess changes in propulsion components and their impact on both overall system performance and signature.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 The model shall include propellant temperature changes.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 Modeled temperature variations shall include variations in the amount of propellant loaded as a function of temperature.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2 Modeled temperature variations shall include variations in density as a function of space/time.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.2 The model shall include propellant density changes.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.3 The model shall include propellant constituent changes.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.4 The model shall use missile propulsion information to compute pressures through the missile propulsion system.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.4.1 The model shall compute associated flow rates through the missile propulsion system.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.2 Output for this phenomenology component shall consist of the following parameters:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.1 Fuel mass flow rates as a function of time from missile stage startup transient to shutdown transient,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.2 Oxidizer mass flow rates as a function of time from missile stage startup transient to shutdown transient,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.3 Chamber pressure as a function of time from missile stage startup transient to shutdown transient,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.4 Chamber pressure variations as a function of time from missile stage startup transient to shutdown transient,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.5 Two-dimensional (2-D) distributions of the mass flow rates generated as required for selected model options,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.2.6 Three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of the mass flow rates generated as required for selected model options.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2 Gas and Particle Interactions

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.1

The M&S System shall model liquid rocket engines to compute liquid propellant missile stage gas properties associated with flow from the combustion chamber to the nozzle exit plane.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.2

The M&S System shall model liquid rocket engines to compute liquid propellant missile stage particle properties associated with flow from the combustion chamber to the nozzle exit plane.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.3 The M&S System shall compute initial gas and particle properties using a 1-D module.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.4 The M&S System shall propagate the gas/particle flow using 2-D equations to the nozzle exit plane

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.5 The M&S System shall model combustion chamber and nozzle boundary layers.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.6 The M&S System shall model chamber startline properties using the output of the liquid propulsion cycle balance model.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.7 The M&S System shall model 2-D and 3-D combustion chamber flow including the boundary layer.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.8 The M&S System shall model soot production and loss processes.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.9 The M&S System shall model gas generators.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.10 The M&S System shall model Vernier engines.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.11 The M&S System shall model non-ballistic missile engines. Page 1 javascript:collapseD.slideit() javascript:collapseD.slideit()

SRD # Shall Statement

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.12 The M&S System shall modeling acoustic modes using 1-D/3-D equations.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.13 Output for these models shall include the following exit plane parameters:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.13.1 Temperature profiles,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.13.2 Pressure profiles,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.13.3 Velocity profiles,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.13.4 Species profiles,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.13.5 Delivered thrust,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2.13.6 Specific impulse.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.3 Ignition and Launch Transients

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.3.1 The M&S System shall simulate ignition and launch transients including at a minimum:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.3.1.1 Silo launches,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.3.1.2 Transporter Erector Launcher (TEL) launches,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.3.1.3 Submarine launches.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.4 Jet Vane and Thrust Vector Control (TVC) Effects

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.4.2 The M&S System shall simulate jet vane steering based on alteration/redirection of engine nozzle flow fields.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.4.3 The M&S System shall simulate thrust vector control based on alteration/redirection of engine nozzle flow fields.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.4.4 The M&S System shall simulate other missile control options based on alteration/redirection of engine nozzle flow fields.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.4.5 The M&S System shall model the associated performance variations.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.4.6 The M&S System shall model the associated signature variations.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2 Exhaust Plume Combustion and Flow Interactions (Steady State and Transient)

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1 Powered Flight Flow Field Interactions

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.1

The M&S System shall predict steady state and transient flow field properties for exhaust plumes from launch through post-boost vehicle burnout up to altitudes where the atmosphere is rarefied.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2 The M&S System shall integrate flow field regions and describe phenomena that include:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.1 Two-dimensional (2-D) flow over the missile body (without plume-induced separation effects),

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.2 Base flow,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.3 Mach disk formation and flow behind the disk/reflection,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.4 Shock detachment from the missile body,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.5 Approximate angle of attack when the shock is detached,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.6 three-phase particle flow,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.7 Soot combustion,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.8 Chemical reactions associated with afterburning,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.9 Chemical reactions associated with chemiluminescence,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.10 Chemical reactions associated with excitation transfer,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.2.11 Global decomposition reactions for fuel/oxidizer molecules and fragments.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.3 The M&S System shall include:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.1 Integrating plume-induced separated flow regions up to the shock detachment altitude,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.2 3-D angle of attack effects,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.3 Flow around missile body fins, jet vanes and control boxes

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.4 Flow around multiple nozzles including:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.4.1 Strap-ons,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.4.2 Boost-sustain motors,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.4.3 Gas generators,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.1.4.4 Vernier engines.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.4 The M&S System shall predict the adiabatic wall temperature for use in determining body heating.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.5 The M&S System shall predict turbulence-chemistry interactions for afterburning sustainment and chemistry time/flow effects on afterburning shutdown.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.6 The M&S System shall predict turbulence-radiation interactions suitable for use in the propulsion-related radiation transport model.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.7 The M&S System shall model heterogeneous chemistry.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.8 The M&S System shall model condensation and persistence due to Al2O3/soot particulates.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.9 The M&S System shall model an expanded Visible high altitude reaction set that includes:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.9.1 An assessment of ion reactions,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.10 The M&S System shall contain a 3-D grid generation capability for plumes.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.11 The M&S System shall contain a non-ballistic missile flow field module

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.12 The M&S System shall contain modules for predicting:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.12.1 Transient events such as startup, shutdown, and impingement on launchers such as TELs,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.12.2 Thermal scaring due to plume ground impingement.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.13 Generated output shall include spatial maps of:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.13.1 Temperature,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.13.2 Pressure,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.13.3 Velocity,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.13.4 Gas/particle properties,

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.13.5 Species concentration.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1.14 Additional output shall consist of a map of adiabatic wall temperatures over the missile body.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.2 Staging Interactions

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.2.1

The M&S System shall simulate missile separation events, including multi-stage vehicle jettison of a spent rocket body and/or separation of multiple propulsion unit systems.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.2.2 The M&S System shall model different types of staging to include "fire-in-the-hole" systems which ignite second stage propulsion before staging occurs.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3 Radiative Transport within Plume

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1 Propulsion-Related Radiation Transport

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.1 The M&S System shall predict radiance maps and associated integrated quantities such as spectral radiant intensity for all propulsion related emissions.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.2 The M&S System shall cover the spectral range from 0.4-30 microns with spectral resolution of:

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.2.1 5 cm-1 in the infrared (IR) spectrum

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.2.2 50 cm-1 in the Visible spectrum.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.3 The M&S System shall include atomic-, molecular-, and particulate emission.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.4 The M&S System shall include particulate scattering.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.5 The M&S System shall include laser backscatter and transmission.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.6 The M&S System shall include line-by-line spectral resolution and low spectral resolution.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.7 The M&S System shall include reverse Monte Carlo simulation of plume reflection from missile hardbody components.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.8 The M&S System shall include reverse Monte Carlo simulation of plume heat flux on the missile hardbody components.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.9 The M&S System shall include turbulence-radiation interactions.

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3.1.10 The M&S System shall include a database of gas and particle optical properties for use in determining EO/IR signatures.

3.7.2.1.1.1.2

The M&S System shall compute low altitude (continuum) steady and temporal at source EO/IR plume signatures of non-ballistic missile threats propelled by liquid engines. (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.1.1.3

The M&S System shall compute low altitude (continuum) steady and temporal at source EO/IR plume signatures of ballistic missile threats propelled by solid motors.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1 Solid Rocket Motor Combustion and Flow Interactions

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1 Gas and Particle Interactions

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.1

The M&S System shall model solid rocket motors to compute solid propellant missile stage gas and particle properties associated with flow from the combustion chamber to the nozzle exit plane.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.2 The M&S System shall compute initial gas and particle properties using a 1-D module.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.3 The M&S System shall propagate the gas/particle flow using 2-D equations to the nozzle exit plane.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.4 The M&S System shall model 2-phase Al2O3 particle properties.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.5 The M&S System shall model the phases for other particle types.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.6 The M&S System shall model combustion chamber and nozzle boundary layers.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.7 The M&S System shall model propellant combustion on and near the propellant surface including non-equilibrium effects such as soot production.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.8 The M&S System shall model 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D gas/particle motions in the combustion chamber including vortex generation and slag trapping.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.9 The M&S System shall model acoustic modes using 1-D/3-D equations.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.10 The M&S System shall provide exit plane conditions.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.11 The M&S System shall model hybrid propulsion systems.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.12 Output for these models shall include the following exit plane parameters:

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.12.1 Temperature profiles,

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.12.2 Pressure profiles,

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.12.3 Velocity profiles,

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.12.4 Species profiles,

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.12.5 Delivered thrust,

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.12.6 Specific impulse.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.2 Ignition and Launch Transients (see 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.3 Jet Vane and Thrust Vector Control (TVC) Effects (see 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.4)

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.4 Chuffing Effects

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.4.1 The M&S System shall model transient chuffing events that are commonly observed during boost and post-boost of solid rocket motors.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.4.2 The M&S System shall include effects caused by slag.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.4.3 The M&S System shall include effects caused by exposed insulation material exiting the nozzle.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.4.4 The M&S System shall include effects caused by chunks of unburned propellant.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.5 Porting/Venting and Shutdown Transients

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.5.1 The M&S System shall model the effects of propellant tank depressurization and venting that normally occur following thrust termination.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.5.2 The M&S System shall include effects caused by the release of the pressurizing gas.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.5.3 The M&S System shall include effects caused by the release of excess propellant.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.5.4 The M&S System shall include effects caused by the release of both pressurizing gas and excess propellant.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.6 Gas Generator Exhaust Effects

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.6.1 The M&S System shall model the effects of on-board gas generator exhaust.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.6.2 The M&S System shall account for:

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.6.2.1 Exhaust constituents,

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.6.2.2 Mass flow rates,

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.6.2.3 Temperature,

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.6.2.4 Location on the body,

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1.6.2.5 Direction.

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.2 Exhaust Plume Combustion and Flow Interactions (Steady State and Transient) (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.1.1.3.3 Radiative Transport within Plume (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.1.1.4

The BMDS weapon systems shall provide steady and temporal low altitude (continuum) at source EO/IR plume signatures for interceptors propelled by solid motors.

(See 3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.1.3.3)

3.7.2.1.1.2 High Altitude Plume EO/IR Signatures

3.7.2.1.1.2.1 The M&S System shall compute high altitude (rarefied) steady and temporal at source EO/IR plume signatures of ballistic missile threats propelled by liquid engines.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.1 Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion and Flow Interactions

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.1.1 Cycle Balance Interactions (see 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.1)

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.1.2 Gas and Particle Interactions (see 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.1.3 Ignition Transients (see 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.1.4 Thrust Vector Control (TVC) Effects (see 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1.4)

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2 Exhaust Plume Flow Interactions (Steady State and Transient)

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1 Powered Flight and Maneuver Flow Field Interactions

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.1

The M&S System shall predict steady state and transient flow field properties for exhaust plumes, including post-boost vehicle burnout and maneuver (i.e., DACS and

ACM) plumes, at altitudes where the atmosphere is rarefied.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.2 The M&S System shall integrate flow field regions and describe phenomena that include:

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.2.1 Chemical reactions associated with chemiluminescence,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.2.2 Chemical reactions associated with excitation transfer,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.2.3 Global decomposition reactions for fuel/oxidizer molecules and fragments.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.3 The M&S System shall include:

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.3.1 3-D angle of attack effects,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.3.2 Flow around missile body fins, jet vanes and control boxes

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.3.3 Flow around multiple nozzles including:

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.3.3.1 Strap-ons,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.3.3.2 Boost-sustain motors,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.3.3.3 Gas generators,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.3.3.4 Vernier engines.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.4 The M&S System shall predict the adiabatic wall temperature for use in determining body heating.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.5 The M&S System shall model heterogeneous chemistry.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.6 The M&S System shall model condensation and persistence due to Al2O3/soot particulates.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.7 The M&S System shall model an expanded Visible high altitude reaction set that includes:

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.7.1 An assessment of ion reactions,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.8 The M&S System shall contain a 3-D grid generation capability for plumes.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.9 The M&S System shall contain modules for predicting:

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.9.1 Transient events such as startup, shutdown, and impingement.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.10 Generated output shall include spatial maps of:

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.10.1 Temperature,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.10.2 Pressure,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.10.3 Velocity,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.10.4 Gas/particle properties,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.10.5 Species concentration.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.1.11 Additional output shall consist of a map of adiabatic wall temperatures over the missile body.

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2.2 Staging (see 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.2)

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.3 Radiative Transport within Plume (see 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.1.2.2

The BMDS weapon systems shall compute high altitude (rarefied) steady and temporal at source EO/IR plume signatures of interceptors using DACS engines.

(See 3.7.2.1.1.2.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.2.1.3; 3.7.2.1.1.2.3.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.2.3.3)

3.7.2.1.1.2.3

The M&S System shall compute high altitude (rarefied) steady and temporal at source EO/IR plume signatures of ballistic missile threats propelled by solid motors.

3.7.2.1.1.2.3.1 Solid Rocket Motor Combustion and Flow Interactions (see 3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1)

3.7.2.1.1.2.3.2 Exhaust Plume Combustion and Flow Interactions (Steady State and Transient) (see 3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2)

3.7.2.1.1.2.3.3 Radiative Transport within Plume (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.1.2.4

The BMDS weapon systems shall provide high altitude (rarefied) steady and temporal at source EO/IR plume signatures for interceptors propelled by solid motors. (See 3.7.2.1.1.2.3.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.2.3.3)

3.7.2.1.2 Hardbody EO/IR

3.7.2.1.2.1 Hardbody EO/IR Signatures

3.7.2.1.2.1.1 The M&S System shall compute the EO/IR hardbody signatures of ballistic missile threat objects.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1 Hardbody Thermal Emissions and Reflected Radiance

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.1 Geometry Import

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.1.1 The M&S System shall import and use the following formats that describe hardbody geometries to be analyzed:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.1.1.1 Three-dimensional (3-D) industry standard computer-aided design (CAD) formats such as the IGES and STEP formats,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.1.1.2 Facet model formats,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.1.1.3 Industry standard curved and body of revolution surface descriptions (trimmed and untrimmed).

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.2 Self-Emitted Radiance

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.2.1 The M&S System shall perform self-emitted radiance calculations over the Visible-LWIR range (0.4-30 μm).

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.2.1.1 These calculations shall include self-emitted radiance based on:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.2.1.1.1 Shape,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.2.1.1.2 Surface temperature,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.2.1.1.3 Material properties, including surface thermal optical properties.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3 Reflected Radiance

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1 The M&S System shall perform reflected radiance calculations over the Visible-LWIR range (0.4-30 μm).

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1.1 These calculations shall include reflected:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.1 Solar radiance (sunshine),

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.2 Lunar radiance (moonshine),

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.3 Earth radiance (albedo) component of earthshine,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.4 Earth thermal emission component of earthshine,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.5 Sky radiance (skyshine),

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.6 Cloud radiance (cloudshine),

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.7 Radiance from a space chamber,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.1.1.8 Target self-emitted radiance.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.2 These calculations shall include the following reflection models:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.2.1 Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF),

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.2.2 Specular,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.2.3 Diffuse,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.3.2.4 Specular/Diffuse weighted combination.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.4 Optical Interactions

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.4.1 The M&S System shall perform shape obscuration.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.4.2 The M&S System shall perform source shadowing.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.4.3 The M&S System shall model surface texture, including smooth analytical surfaces and wrinkled surfaces.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.4.4 The M&S System shall model polarization effects.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.5 Spectral Resolution

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.5.1 The M&S System shall allow the user to specify spectral resolution for developing composite EO/IR signatures.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.5.1.1 Values can range from 2 to 25 cm-1.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.6 Image Rendering

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.6.1 The M&S System shall render the hardbody model radiance.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2 Hardbody Temperature Model

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.1 Natural Radiative Heat Sources

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.1.1 The M&S System shall model hardbody temperatures induced by the following natural radiative heat sources:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.1.1.1 Direct solar radiance,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.1.1.2 Solar radiance reflected by the Earth,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.1.1.3 Terrestrial radiance due to Earth thermal emission,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.1.1.4 Lunar radiance.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.2 Convective Gas-Dynamic Heat Sources

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.2.1

The M&S System shall model hardbody temperatures due to convective gas-dynamic heat transfer for all angles of attack and Mach numbers from 0-25 in the following flow regimes:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.2.1.1 Continuum convective flow,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.2.1.2 Free-molecular flow,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.2.1.3 Transitional flow.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.2.2 The M&S System shall provide bridging relationships between the above flow regimes.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.3 Other Heat Sources

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.3.1 The M&S System shall model hardbody temperatures induced by other heat sources such as:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.3.1.1 Internal sources:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.3.1.1.1 Defined via a time-varying temperature,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.3.1.1.2 Defined via a time-varying heat -flux.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.3.1.2 Nuclear burst radiance,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.3.1.3 Laser radiance,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.3.1.4 Rocket exhaust plume convective heat transfer and radiation.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.4 Heat Transfer Models

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.4.1 The M&S System shall include a thermal conduction model with variable fidelity from one- to three-dimensions (1-D to 3-D).

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.4.2 The M&S System shall include a 3-D radiation coupling model applicable to the following target hardbody features:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.4.2.1 Hollow targets

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.4.2.2 Vacuum gaps within targets

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.4.2.3 Nested objects

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.4.2.4 Non-convex target surfaces

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.4.3 The M&S System shall perform thermal response calculations incorporating the altitude dependent effects of air/vacuum gaps.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.4.4 The M&S System shall allow dynamic changes in the hardbody surface temperature distribution.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5 Material Properties

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5.1 Material properties used in thermal response calculations shall include:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5.1.1 Temperature dependent specific heat,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5.1.2 Temperature dependent thermal conductivity,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5.1.3 Mass Density,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5.1.4 Hemispherical emissivity,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5.1.5 Solar absorptivity,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5.1.6 Thermochemical properties as follows:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5.1.6.1 Ablation temperature

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.5.1.6.2 Heat of Ablation

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.6 User Interfaces

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.6.1 The M&S System shall allow the user to specify the location on a hardbody surface for reporting in-depth temperatures.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.6.1.1

The M&S System shall report and log the location of the thermal node closest to the user-specified location on the same primitive and the in-depth temperature from this node.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.6.2 The M&S System shall allow the user to reuse thermal predictions (temperature and ablation) that were calculated in a previous simulation.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2.6.3 The M&S System shall allow the user to import thermal predictions in a compatible temperature format (temperature on the surface and in depth).

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3 Materials Database

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.1 User Modifications

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.1.1 The M&S System shall include a materials database for EO/IR signature generation.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.1 The M&S System shall allow the user to add EO/IR materials to the database.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.1.1.2 The M&S System shall allow the user to delete EO/IR materials from the database.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.1.2 The M&S System shall accommodate correlated EO/RF material properties.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2 Material Properties

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1 The M&S System shall include the following EO/IR material properties:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.1 Hemispherical emittance as a function of temperature,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.2 Solar Absorptance,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.3 Mass density,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.4 Temperature dependent specific heat,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.5 Temperature dependent thermal conductivity,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.6 Thermo-chemical parameters to provide thermal solutions that include the effects of ablation and phase-change,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.7 Spectral, directional reflectance,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.8 Spectral, directional emittance,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.9 Bi-directional reflectance function as a function of wavelength,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.10 Bi-directional reflectance function as a function of incident direction,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.2.1.11 Bi-directional reflectance function as a function of reflected direction.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3 Aerodynamic Properties Relevant to Heat Transfer

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.1 The M&S System shall include shall import the following ballistic parameters:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.1.1 Constant ballistic coefficient

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.1.2 Variable ballistic coefficient (with altitude)

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.2 The M&S System shall import the following aerodynamic parameters:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.2.1 Axial force coefficient (as function of Mach number (from 0-25) and all angles of attack)

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.2.2 Normal force coefficient (as function of Mach number (from 0-25) and all angles of attack)

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.2.3 Center of Pressure (as function of Mach number (from 0-25) and all angles of attack)

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.2.4 Pitch damping moment coefficient (as function of Mach number (from 0-25) and all angles of attack)

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.2.5 Skin friction coefficient (as function of MACH number and Altitude)

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3.2.6 Roll damping coefficient

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4 Reentry Ablation

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1 Ablative Processes

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.1 The M&S System shall model ablation with the following options:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.1.1 No ablation,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.1.2 A simple heat or ablation model,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.1.3 A complex material response model.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.2 The complex material response model shall include the following ablative phenomena:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.2.1 Pyrolysis,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.2.2 Charring,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.2.3 Melting,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.2.4 Transpiration,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.2.5 Sublimation,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.1.2.6 Mechanical erosion.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.2 Ablative Effects on Optical Properties

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.2.1

Ablation resulting in complete removal of outer material on any surface shall expose the inner surface with optical properties that may differ from the original outer surfaces.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.2.2 The M&S System shall model effects of ablation on optical (and/or radiometric) properties of material prior to complete removal of material.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.2.3 The M&S System shall model effects of ablation on shape.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4.2.4 The M&S System shall model effects of ablation on mass distribution.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5 Hardbody Dynamics

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.1 Articulating Parts

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.1.1 The M&S System shall simulate the behavior of various articulating parts to include:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.1.1.1 Foldout wings or flaps,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.1.1.2 Ascent shrouds,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.1.1.3 Jet vanes.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.2 Deployment

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.2.2

The M&S System shall simulate deployment phenomena, described as the intentional separation and spin-up (as appropriate) of payload objects from the upper booster stage.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.2.3 The M&S System shall simulate deployment phenomena of payload objects from the post-boost vehicle.

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.2.4 Payload objects include the:

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.2.3.1 Reentry vehicle (RV),

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.2.3.2 Sub-munitions,

3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5.2.3.3 Penetration aids (penaids).

3.7.2.1.2.1.2 The M&S System shall compute the EO/IR hardbody signatures of non-ballistic missile threat objects. (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5)

3.7.2.1.2.1.3 The BMDS weapons systems shall provide [temporal] at source EO/IR hardbody signatures of interceptor objects. (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.5)

3.7.2.1.2.2 Hardbody EO/IR Signatures - Countermeasures

3.7.2.1.2.2.1 The M&S System shall represent the EO/IR hardbody signatures of ballistic missile countermeasures devices.

3.7.2.1.2.2.1.1 Hardbody Thermal Emissions and Reflected Radiance (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1)

3.7.2.1.2.2.1.2 Hardbody Temperature Model (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.2.2.1.3 Materials Database (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.2.2.1.4 Reentry Ablation (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.4)

3.7.2.1.2.3 Hardbody EO/IR Signatures - Resident Space Objects (RSOs)

3.7.2.1.2.3.1 The M&S System shall represent the EO/IR hardbody signatures of RSOs. (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.3 Nearbody EO/IR

3.7.2.1.3.1 The M&S System shall represent Plumeshine contribution to EO/IR signatures.

3.7.2.1.3.1.1

The M&S System shall include the plumeshine, i.e., reflected radiance of rocket exhaust plumes, contribution to EO/IR hardbody signatures. (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1 -

3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3, 3.7.2.1.1.1.4, 3.7.2.1.1.2.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.2.1.3, 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1)

3.7.2.1.3.2 The M&S System shall represent separation debris EO/IR signatures.

3.7.2.1.3.2.1 The M&S System shall compute EO/IR hardbody signatures of separation debris. (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.3.3 The M&S System shall represent chuff / solid rocket motor (SRM) debris EO/IR signatures.

3.7.2.1.3.3.1 The M&S System shall compute EO/IR hardbody signatures of chuff / solid rocket motor debris. (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.4, 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.3.4 The M&S System shall represent threat wake EO/IR signatures.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1 The M&S System shall compute EO/IR signatures of threat wakes.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1 Flow Field Properties (Steady State and Transient)

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1 Gas and Particle Interactions

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.1 The M&S System shall predict steady state and transient flow field properties for hardbody wakes.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.1 The M&S System shall predict two-dimensional (2-D) wakes as required.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.2 The M&S System shall predict three-dimensional (3-D) wakes as required.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.3

The flow field, which controls the rate at which hot chemical species flowing from regions near the hardbody mix with the surrounding cooler gases, shall be modeled with appropriate:

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.3.1 Laminar mixing models,

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.3.2 Turbulent mixing models.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.2 The M&S System shall determine:

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.2.1 Wake temperature,

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.2.2 Particulate species temperatures,

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.2.3 Chemical species concentrations,

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.2.4 Particulate species densities,

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.1.2.5 State of excitation for the radiating species.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.2 Flow Field Chemistry

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.2.1 The M&S System shall include a chemistry solver capable of efficiently producing results for non-equilibrium:

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.2.1.1 Air species,

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.2.1.2 Ablation generated species,

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.2.1.3 Their resulting products.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.2.2 The M&S System shall model excitation kinetics to include chemiluminescence.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1.2.3 Particulates shall be included as possible species.

3.7.2.1.3.4.1.2 Radiative Transport within Wake (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.3.5 The M&S System shall represent intercept flash in-band intensity.

3.7.2.1.3.5.2 The M&S System shall compute intercept flash EO/IR signatures.

3.7.2.1.3.5.2.2 Intercept Cloud Properties

3.7.2.1.3.5.2.2.1 Gas and Particle Interactions

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.1 The M&S System shall predict transient properties for intercept clouds.

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.1.1 The M&S System shall predict two-dimensional (2-D) cloud as required.

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.1.2 The M&S System shall predict three-dimensional (3-D) clouds as required.

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.2 The M&S System shall determine:

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.2.1 Cloud temperature,

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.2.2 Particulate species temperatures,

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.2.3 Chemical species concentrations,

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.2.4 Particulate species densities,

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.2.5 State of excitation for the radiating species.

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.1.3 At a minimum, the M&S system shall determine these properties listed above for O2, O3, H2O, CO2, H, Na, Fe, He, Hg, Mg, Ca, Ti.

\ Intercept Cloud Chemistry

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.2.1 The M&S System shall include a chemistry solver capable of efficiently producing results for non-equilibrium:

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.2.1.1 Gaseous species,

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.2.1.2 Gassified particulate species,

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.2.1.3 Their resulting products.

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.2.2 The M&S System shall model excitation kinetics to include chemiluminescence.

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.2.3 Particulates shall be included as possible species.

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1.2.4 At a minimum, the M&S system shall include the chemistry and excitation kinetics for O2, O3, H2O, CO2, H, Na, Fe, He, Hg, Mg, Ca, Ti.

3.7.2.1.3.5.1.2 Radiative Transport within Cloud (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.3.6 The M&S System shall represent EO/IR signatures for PID.

3.7.2.1.3.6.1 The M&S System shall represent the effects of aerodynamic propagation on the EO/IR signatures of PID. (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3.3)

3.7.2.1.3.6.2 The M&S System shall compute EO/IR hardbody signatures of post-intercept debris (PID). (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.3.7 The M&S System shall represent fuel venting contribution to EO/IR signatures.

3.7.2.1.3.7.1

The M&S System shall compute EO/IR signatures of fuel venting, i.e. propellant releases. (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.3, 3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.1.3.3,

3.7.2.1.1.2.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.2.1.3, 3.7.2.1.1.2.3.1 - 3.7.2.1.1.2.3.3 )

3.7.2.1.4 Plume RF/RCS

3.7.2.1.4.1 Low Altitude Plume RF/RCS Signatures

3.7.2.1.4.1.1 The M&S System shall compute low altitude (continuum) RF plume signatures of ballistic missile threats propelled by liquid engines.

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.1 Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion and Flow Interactions (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1)

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.2 Exhaust Plume Combustion and Flow Interactions

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.2.1 Powered Flight Flow Field Interactions (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.1)

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.2.2 Radar-related Interactions

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.2.2.1

The M&S System shall model an expanded reaction set that includes an assessment of ion chemistry reactions that impact radar crosssection predictions and plume RF attenuation.

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.2.2.2 The M&S System shall model the following RF material properties:

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.2.2.2.1 Material Dielectric Constant (Electric Permittivity) - Epsilon (Re,Im)

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.2.2.2.2 Material Magnetic Permeability - Mu (Re,Im)

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.2.3 Staging Interactions (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.2.2)

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3 Electromagnetic Interactions with Plume

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1 Interactions with Flow Field

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.1 The M&S System shall predict radar frequency range maps and radar cross sections for all propulsion related flow fields.

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.2 The M&S System shall cover the frequency range from VHF (200 MHz) - K-band (20 GHz).

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.3 The M&S System shall ultimately cover the frequency range from VHF (100 MHz) - W-band (100 GHz).

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.4 The M&S System shall include atomic-, molecular-, and particulate attenuation.

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.5 The M&S System shall include atomic-, molecular-, and particulate diffraction.

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.6 The M&S System shall include particulate scattering.

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.7 The M&S System shall include turbulence effects on the production of:

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.7.1 Coherent RF signatures,

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.7.2 Incoherent RF signatures.

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.1.8 The M&S System shall include a database of gas and particle optical properties for use in determining RF/RCS signatures.

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.2 Interactions with Hardbody

3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3.2.1 The M&S System shall include simulation of non-linear, coupled plume/hardbody interaction effects on RF/RCS signatures.

3.7.2.1.4.1.2 The M&S System shall compute low altitude (continuum) RF plume signatures of ballistic missile threats propelled by solid engines.

3.7.2.1.4.1.2.1 Solid Rocket Motor Combustion and Flow Interactions (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.3.1)

3.7.2.1.4.1.2.2 Exhaust Plume Combustion and Flow Interactions (Steady State and Transient) (See 3.7.2.1.4.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.4.1.2.3 Electromagnetic Interactions with Plume (See 3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.4.1.3

The M&S System shall compute low altitude (continuum) RF plume signatures of interceptors propelled by solid engines. (See 3.7.2.1.4.1.2.1 -

3.7.2.1.4.1.2.3)

3.7.2.1.4.2 High Altitude Plume RF/RCS Signatures

3.7.2.1.4.2.1 The M&S System shall compute high altitude (rarefied) RF plume signatures of ballistic missile threats propelled by liquid engines.

3.7.2.1.4.2.1.1 Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion and Flow Interactions (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.1.1)

3.7.2.1.4.2.1.2 Exhaust Plume Combustion and Flow Interactions (Steady State and Transient) (See 3.7.2.1.1.2.1.2)

3.7.2.1.4.2.1.3 Electromagnetic Interactions with Plume (See 3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3)

3.7.2.1.4.2.2

The BMDS weapon systems shall provide provide high altitude (rarefied) state and aspect dependent source RF plume signatures of interceptors using DACS engines. (See 3.7.2.1.4.2.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.4.2.1.3; 3.7.2.1.4.1.2.1 - 3.7.2.1.4.1.2.3)

3.7.2.1.4.2.3

M&S System shall compute high altitude (rarefied) RF plume signatures of ballistic missile threats propelled by solid motors. (See 3.7.2.1.4.1.2.1 -

3.7.2.1.4.1.2.3)

3.7.2.1.4.2.4 The M&S System shall compute high altitude (rarefied) RF plume signatures of interceptors propelled by solid motors. (See 3.7.2.1.4.1.2.1 - 3.7.2.1.4.1.2.3)

3.7.2.1.5 Hardbody RF/RCS

3.7.2.1.5.1 Hardbody RF/RCS Signatures

3.7.2.1.5.1.1 The M&S System shall compute the RF hardbody signatures of ballistic missile threat objects.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1 Fundamental Capabilities

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.1 Geometry Import (See 3.7.2.1.2.1.1.1.1)

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2 Near- and Far-Field Signatures

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.1 The M&S System shall generate for complex hardbody targets:

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.1.1 Frequency domain range profiles,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.1.2 Time domain range profiles,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.1.3 Two-dimensional (2-D) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.1.4 Volumetric SAR predictions.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.2 The range profiles, images, and volumetric predictions shall be based on:

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.2.1 Industry standard exact methods,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.2.2 Asymptotic Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) methods

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.2.3 High-fidelity, state-of-the-art, time-domain CEM methods.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3 The M&S System shall:

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.1 Cover the 2 - 18 GHz frequency region,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.2 Support polarimetric, monostatic, and bistatic predictions,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3 Shall support signature predictions for:

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.1 Material discontinuities,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.2 Edge diffraction discontinuities,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.3 Surface discontinuities,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.4 generate complex RCS values (Real and Imaginary),

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.5 RCS signatures for user specified azimuth angles,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.6 RCS signatures for user specified elevation angles,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.7 generate RCS calculations for HH polarization,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.8 generate RCS calculations for HV polarization,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.9 generate RCS calculations for VV polarization,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.10 generate RCS calculations for VH polarization,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.11 generate RCS calculations for Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP),

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.3.3.12 generate RCS calculations for Left Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP).

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.4 The M&S System shall generate RCS predictions for a dynamic scenario assembled from a series of snapshots of static looks of the target.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.5 The M&S System shall ultimately:

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.5.1 Model Doppler signature effects from target velocity,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.5.2 Model Doppler signature effects from moving/articulating parts of the target,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.5.3 Cover the Very High Frequency (VHF) - 100 GHz frequency region.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.6 The M&S System shall be capable of predicting range-gated RCS as seen by a range-tracker type radar.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.7 The M&S System shall provide pulse-to-pulse simulations.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.8 The M&S System shall model generalized three dimensional antenna patterns and spherical wave effects.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.9 The M&S System shall provide a control interface (i.e. a mechanism to pass/receive data) to the current versions of Xpatch.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.10 The M&S System shall simulate 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D swept frequency image collection over a spatial aperture.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.11 The M&S System shall ultimately:

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.11.1 Include an API based interface to a time-domain based CEM prediction code for RF prediction of complex targets,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.11.2 Address curved surface grids,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.11.3 Include API interfaces that allow hybrid asymptotic/exact techniques to be used for entire hardbody predictions.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.12 The M&S System shall use industry standard material descriptions.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.2.12.1 The M&S shall accommodate material descriptions to support wideband RF signature predictions over a spatial collection aperture.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3 Scattering Centers

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.1

The M&S System shall generate near field and far field, fully polarimetric, monostatic and bistatic RF Scattering Center Extraction for stationary, non-articulating hardbody targets.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.1.1 The scattering center extraction capability is to be based on industry standard CEM synthetic prediction techniques.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.2 The M&S System shall generate near real-time scattering center based:

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.2.1 RCS,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.2.2 Range profile,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.2.3 SAR image predictions.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.3 The scattering center RCS, profiles and images shall be compatible with existing validated synthetic scattering center databases.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.3.1 The RF scattering center component shall address frequencies ranging from 2-18 GHz.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.4 The M&S System shall allow the user to generate scattering center data with Xpatch.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5 The M&S System shall allow the user to select the following parameters during scattering center extraction from Xpatch:

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5.1 Oversample Factor,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5.2 Dynamic Range,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5.3 Maximum number of Scattering Centers per direction,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5.4 Segregation of field from Edges,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5.5 Segregation of field from ILDCs,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5.6 Maximum number of scattering centers extracted,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5.7 Number of range bins,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5.8 Center Frequency,

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.5.9 Down range resolution.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.6 The M&S System shall produce monostatic RCS signatures based on a scattering center summation using scattering centers in Xpatch.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.7 The M&S System shall produce monostatic RCS signatures based on a scattering center summation using scattering centers over the frequency range of 2-18 GHz.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.8 The M&S System shall allow the user to import scattering center data.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.9 The M&S System shall allow the user to associate imported scattering center data with a hardbody description.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.10

The M&S System shall generate near- and far-field, polarimetric, monostatic, three-dimensional scattering center extractions for stationary, non-articulating hardbody targets.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.11 The M&S System shall generate near- and far-field, polarimetric, bistatic, three-dimensional scattering center extractions for stationary hardbody targets.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1.3.12 The M&S System shall generate 2-D scattering center extractions for measured data sources.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2 RF Materials Database

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.1 User Modifications

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.1.1 The M&S System shall include a materials database RF signature generation.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.1.1.1 The M&S System shall allow the user to add RF materials to the database.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.1.1.2 The M&S System shall allow the user to delete RF materials from the database.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.1.2 The M&S System shall accommodate correlated EO/RF material properties.

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.2 Material Properties

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.2.1 The M&S System shall include the following RF material properties:

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.2.1.1 Material Dielectric Constant (Electric Permittivity) - Epsilon (Re,Im)

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.2.1.2 Material Magnetic Permeability - Mu (Re,Im)

3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2.2.2 The M&S System shall import wobble parameters.

3.7.2.1.5.1.2 The M&S System shall compute the RF hardbody signatures of non-ballistic missile threat objects. (See 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.5.1.3 The M&S System shall compute the RF hardbody signatures of interceptor objects. (See 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.5.2 Hardbody RF/RCS Signatures - Countermeasures

3.7.2.1.5.2.1 The M&S System shall represent RF hardbody signatures of countermeasures devices.

3.7.2.1.5.2.1.1 Fundamental Capabilities (See 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1)

3.7.2.1.5.2.1.2 RF Materials Database (See 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.5.3 Hardbody RF/RCS Signatures - RSOs

3.7.2.1.5.3.1 The M&S System shall represent RF hardbody signatures of RSOs. (See 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.6 Nearbody RF/RCS Signatures

3.7.2.1.6.1 The M&S System shall represent Multiple Point Scattering contributions to the RF signature.

3.7.2.1.6.1.1 The M&S System shall include multiple point scattering.

3.7.2.1.6.1.1.1 User Options

3.7.2.1.6.1.1.1.1 The M&S System shall allow the user to specify to specify the following signature options for Xpatch and RTS:

3.7.2.1.6.1.1.1.1.1 First bounce (the default),

3.7.2.1.6.1.1.1.1.2 Multiple bounce,

3.7.2.1.6.1.1.1.1.3 Number of bounces.

3.7.2.1.6.2 The M&S System shall represent Plume/Hardbody Coupling contributions to the RF signature.

3.7.2.1.6.2.1

The M&S System shall include the plume/hardbody contributions to RF hardbody signatures. (See 3.7.2.1.4.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.4.1.1.3, 3.7.2.1.4.1.3, 3.7.2.1.4.2.1.1 -

3.7.2.1.4.2.1.3, 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1)

3.7.2.1.6.3 The M&S System shall represent the contribution of Closely Spaced Objects to the RF signature.

3.7.2.1.6.3.1 The M&S System shall include the contribution of closely spaced objects to RF hardbody signatures.

3.7.2.1.6.3.1.1 Fundamental Capabilities (See 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1)

3.7.2.1.6.3.1.2 RF Materials Database (See 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.6.3.1.3 Closely Space Object Specifics

3.7.2.1.6.3.1.3.1 The M&S System shall model the electrical interaction of closely spaced objects.

3.7.2.1.6.3.1.3.2 The M&S System shall model the effects of obscuration of one body by another when computing the RF signature of a group of objects.

3.7.2.1.6.3.1.3.3 The M&S System shall generate a composite RF signature resulting from multiple objects in a single range bin.

3.7.2.1.6.4 The M&S System shall represent separation debris RF signature.

3.7.2.1.6.4.1 The M&S System shall compute RF signatures of separation debris. (See 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.6.5 The M&S System shall represent chuff / SRM debris RF signature.

3.7.2.1.6.5.1 The M&S System shall compute RF signatures of Chuff/solid rocket motor (SRM) debris. (See 3.7.2.1.1.1.4, 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.1 - 3.7.2.1.5.1.1.2)

3.7.2.1.6.6 The M&S System shall represent threat wake RF signatures.

3.7.2.1.6.6.1 The M&S System shall computer RF signatures of threat wakes. (See 3.7.2.1.3.4.1.1)

3.7.2.1.6.6.2 Electromagnetic Interactions with Wake

3.7.2.1.6.6.2.1 The M&S System shall calculate active wake signatures and address radar cross-section and transmission phenomena.

3.7.2.1.6.6.2.2 The M&S System shall predict electron densities, their distribution within the wake, and the principal neutral collision partners for the electrons.

3.7.2.1.6.6.2.3 The M&S System shall generate wake radar cross-sections by:

3.7.2.1.6.6.2.3.1 Taking calculated field properties from the passive wake,

3.7.2.1.6.6.2.3.2 Predicting the correct spectral content of the turbulent field,

3.7.2.1.6.6.2.3.3 Producing coherent predictions of radar cross-section amplitude, mean Doppler velocity, and the spectral spread of the Doppler spectrum.

3.7.2.1.6.6.2.4 The M&S System shall include the chemistry libraries necessary for the prediction of species affecting the electron and neutral collision partner densities.

3.7.2.1.6.7 The M&S System shall represent intercept flash RF signature.

3.7.2.1.6.7.1 The M&S System shall compute intercept flash RF signatures. (See 3.7.2.1.3.5.1.1)

3.7.2.1.6.8 The M&S System shall represent PID RF signatures.

3.7.2.1.6.8.1

The M&S System should provide PID fragment RF signatures using a combination of (1) multiscatterer or look-up table aspect / roll-dependent models, (2) statistical

RCS models, and (3) cloud models.

3.7.2.1.7 Databases of Propulsion Flowfield and Signature Properties

3.7.2.1.7.1 Computational Methods

3.7.2.1.7.1.1

The M&S System shall utilize state-of-the-art computational methods to determine chemical reaction sets pertinent to EO/IR/RF signatures produced by liquid rocket engine combustion and flow interaction, 3.7.2.1.7.1.2

The M&S System shall utilize state-of-the-art computational methods to determine chemical reaction rates and species production…