Atch_21 _ASTM_C443.pdf

Designation: C443 − 12

Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation C443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers flexible watertight joints for

concrete pipe and precast manhole sections, using rubber gaskets for sealing the joints, where infiltration or exfiltration is a factor in the design. The specification covers the design of joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects to Speci-fication C14, Specification C76, or Specification C507 and precast manhole section conforming in all other respects to Specification C478, provided that if there is conflict in permis-sible variations in dimensions the requirements of this speci-fication for joints shall govern.

1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C443 has

been developed—C443M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.

NOTE 1—This specification covers the design and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints covered by this specification are normally adequate for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi (30 ft) without leakage, when tested in accordance with Section 9. Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed pipeline are dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowable quantities must be covered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installed pipeline and system.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:2

C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe

C76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe

C478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-hole Sections

C507 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe

C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products

C1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete Structures

3. Terminology

3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.

4. Basis of Acceptance

4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gaskets shall be determined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in this specification, if and when required, and by inspection to determine whether the pipe joints and gaskets conform to this specification as to design and freedom from defects.

5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets

5.1 All rubber gaskets shall comply with Specification

C1619 in terms of materials and manufacture. The gaskets shall be extruded or molded to the specified size within a tolerance of 66 % on any dimension, measured at any cross section.

6. Physical Requirements for Gaskets

6.1 Standard Gasket Requirements —All rubber gaskets

shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-ments of Specification C1619, Class C.

6.2 Oil Resistant Gasket Requirements—All rubber gaskets

shall meet the dimensions, tolerances, and physical require-ments of Specification C1619, Class D.

7. Design of Joints

7.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with the

detailed design of the joint or joints including design and durometer hardness of the rubber gasket proposed to be furnished under this specification.

7.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove on

one end of a unit of pipe, and a spigot or tongue on the adjacent end of the joining pipe.

1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints for Precast Concrete Structures.

Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C443 – 11. DOI:

10.1520/C0443-12.

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

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7.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which the

gasket is capable of bearing shall be smooth, free of spalls, cracks or fractures, and imperfections that would adversely affect the performance of the joint.

7.1.3 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that they will withstand the forces caused by the compression of the gasket when joined, without cracking or fracturing when tested in accordance with Section 9.

7.1.4 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the inside

of the bell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot or tongue where the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5° measured from the pipe axis, except that tapers up to 5° are not prohibited if proven adequate by plant tests as specified in Section 9 and approved by the owner. The conic surface on the spigot or tongue shall be modified to properly contain and seat the gasket.

7.1.5 The annular space between the gasket-bearing sur-

faces of the assembled and centered joint shall be not more than 75 % of the uncompressed thickness of the applied gasket including the manufacturer’s tolerances of the joint and gasket.

The joint design shall provide for the deflection of a pipe unit by opening one side of the outside perimeter of the joint 1⁄2 in.

wider than the assembled position without reducing its water-tightness. Where greater deflections are required than provided by the joint design, beveled joints or elbows must be provided.

7.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to

make the joint flexible and watertight. The gasket shall be a continuous ring of circular or non-circular cross-section which fits snugly into the annular space between the overlapping surfaces of the assembled pipe joint to form a flexible watertight seal.

7.1.7 The gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % of its original circumference when seated on the spigot or tongue end of the pipe.

7.1.8 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubber

gasket dictates the use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, the lubricant composition shall have no detrimental effect on the performance of the gasket and joint due to prolonged exposure.

NOTE 2—Joints in an assembled position are defined as joints in the position after assembly in accordance with the manufacturer’s design.

7.2 Alternative Joint Designs—When agreed upon by the

owner, manufacturers are not prohibited from submitting to the owner detailed designs for joints and gaskets other than those described in Section 7. Design submissions shall include joint geometry, tolerances, gasket characteristics, proposed plant tests, gasket splice bend tests, and such other information as required by the owner to evaluate the joint design for field performance. Joints and gaskets of alternative joint designs shall at least meet all test requirements of this specification if permitted by the owner. Alternative joint designs shall be acceptable provided the designs are approved by the owner prior to manufacture and provided the test pipe comply with the specified tests.

8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions

8.1 The planes formed by the ends of nonbeveled pipe shall

not vary from the perpendicular to the pipe axis by more than 3⁄16 in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 30 in. and smaller; or by more than 1⁄4 in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 33 to 54 in. inclusive; or not more than 3⁄8

in. for internal diameters or equivalent diameters 60 in. and larger.

8.2 The manufacturer’s tolerances for the width of the

annular space between the gasket bearing surfaces shall not vary by more than 610 % of the uncompressed thickness of the applied gasket.

9. Performance Requirements for Joints

9.1 When required by the owner, assembled joints shall pass

the following performance tests without leakage at the joints, and the manufacturer shall have the option of allowing the assembled joints to stand under a pressure of 13 psi or less, for a maximum of 24 h prior to the test:

9.1.1 Pipes in Straight Alignment —Hydrostatic pressure

tests on joints shall be made on an assembly of two sections of pipe, properly connected in accordance with the joint design.

At the option of the owner a second such test shall be required.

Suitable bulkheads shall be provided either within the pipe adjacent to and on either side of the joint, or at the outer ends of the two joined pipe sections. No fillings or packings shall be placed prior to watertightness tests. After the pipe sections are fitted together with the gasket or gaskets in place, the assembly shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 13 psi (30 ft) pressure head for 10 min. Moisture or beads of water appearing on the surface of the joint will not be considered as leakage. If leakage of joints should initially occur, the manu-facturer shall have the option to extend the test period up to 24 h.

9.1.2 Pipes in Maximum Deflected Position—Upon comple-

tion of the test for pipes in straight alignment in 9.1.1, the test sections shall be deflected to create a position 1⁄2 in. wider than the assembled position on one side of the outside perimeter of each joint and shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi for 10 min. Moisture or beads of water appearing on the surface of the joint will not be considered as leakage.

9.1.3 Unless prohibited by the owner at or before the time of placing an order for pipe, the manufacturer has the option to test the pipe joint for watertightness to the parameters estab-lished in 9.1.1 and 9.1.2 by methods which pressurize the rubber gasketed joint either internally or externally.

10. Storage

10.1 The lubricant shall be stored in accordance to the

lubricant manufacturer’s recommended temperature range.

11. Inspection

11.1 The quality of the materials and the finished pipe joint and gasket shall be subject to inspection and approval by an inspector employed by the owner.

12. Certification

12.1 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer shall

furnish written certification that the joint lubricant conforms to all requirements of this specification for the specific gaskets supplied.

C443 − 12

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13. Marking

13.1 Lubricant—The following information shall be clearly

marked on each container of lubricant.

13.1.1 Name of lubricant manufacturer.

13.1.2 Usable temperature range for application and stor-

age.

13.1.3 Shelf life.

13.1.4 Lot or batch number.

14. Repairs

14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing imperfections, or damage

during handling, of each pipe end, are not prohibited from being repaired and will be acceptable, if in the opinion of the owner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of 7.1.2;

provided the circumferential length of a single area to be repaired shall not exceed one fourth of the inside diameter or equivalent diameter of the pipe or the circumferential length of several areas combined does not exceed one half of the inside diameter or equivalent diameter of the pipe.

14.2 At the option of the owner, the pipe joint that has been repaired shall be subjected to the designated hydrostatic test in accordance with 9.1.1 and shall be accepted if it passes the hydrostatic test requirements.

15. Rejection

15.1 Pipe joints and gaskets shall be subject to rejection

upon failure to conform to any of the requirements of this specification. Pipe that is damaged because of carelessness or continuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu-facture or damage during handling shall be subject to rejection.

15.2 Gaskets shall be subject to rejection whenever they

show surface checking, weathering, or other deterioration prior to installation in the work.

16. Keywords

16.1 concrete pipe; joints; rubber gaskets

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C443 − 12

3Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Merrick and Co/3879400001, User=Cicoff, George

Not for Resale, 02/21/2013 14:00:58 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS