02935TurfEstablishment.pdf

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-1

SECTION 02935 – TURF ESTABLISHMENT (updated 200808)

PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 SUMMARY

1.1.1 General Base Turf Establishment

1.1.2 Airfield Turf Establishment:

1.2 REFERENCES

1.3 SUBMITTALS

1.4 SOURCE INSPECTION

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

1.5.1 Delivery

1.5.2 Storage

1.5.3 Handling

1.6 DEFINITIONS

1.6.1 WEEDS

1.6.2 PURE LIVE SEED (PLS):

1.6.3 INOCULANTS

1.6.4 VIGOROUS GROWTH/VIGOROUS GROWING CONDITION

1.6.5 REPELLANT OR DETRACTANT

1.6.6 TURF ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD

1.6.7 AIRFIELD SEED

1.6.8 CHEMICAL TREATMENT

1.7 TIME REQUIREMENTS FOR TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT VEGETATION

1.7.1 TEMPORARY VEGETATION:

1.7.2 PERMAMENT VEGETATION:

1.7.3 RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR FOR COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH REMOVAL OF

SEDIMENTS OR REPAIR TO STRUCTURES DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF THE CONTRACTOR’S

FAILURE TO PERFORM ADEQUATE EROSION CONTROL:

1.8 TURF ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD:

1.9 FINAL ACCEPTANCE

1.10 ANIMAL GRAZING on the Airfield

1.11 RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP

1.12 PROTECTION OF TURFED AREAS

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1.1 The following materials are recommended for use in this project

2.1.2 Sod

2.1.3 Sprigs

2.1.4 Soil Amendments

2.1.5 Mulches

2.1.6 Asphalt Adhesive

2.1.7 Water

2.1.8 Chemical Treatment Materials

2.1.9 Erosion Control Materials

2.10.1 Topsoil

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 PLANTING WINDOWS and SEED MIXTURE

3.2 SITE PREPARATION:

3.2.1 Preparation of planting areas

3.2.2 INSPECTION BY CONTRACTOR

3.2.3 Application of Soil Amendments

3.2.4 Tillage

3.2.5 Finished Grading

3.3 SEEDING

3.3.1 General

3.3.2 Applying Seed

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-2

3.3.3 Hydroseeding

3.3.4 Applying Mulch

3.3.5 Maintenance Watering Seeded Areas

3.4 SODDING

3.4.1 General:

3.4.2 Placing Sod:

3.4.3 Finishing:

3.4.4 Watering Sod:

3.5 SPRIGGING

3.5.1 General

3.5.2 Broadcast Sprigging

3.5.3 Hydroplanting

3.5.4 Row Sprigging

3.5.5 Overseeding

3.5.6 Rolling

3.5.7 Finishing:

3.5.8 Watering Sprigs

3.6 INOCULANTS

3.7 MULCHING

Table 1 ......................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

PART 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 SUMMARY: This section covers the requirements to establish or re-establish turf by seeding, sodding, and/or sprigging . The specific method to be used shall be at the determination of the Contractor unless the method for application is specifically stated within this contract document or on the drawings. Variations in methods can also result with the distinction being whether the area to be turfed is located on or off the airfield. However, final acceptance of all the work by the Government is based on the end-establishment of a vigorous turf growth with the specified grass specie(s). Part 1 of this specification includes requirements and acceptance standards. Part 2 provides material criteria. Part 3 provide the Contractor with recommended guidance and advise on procedures and execution methods that the Contractor MAY employ to gain easier or quicker final results. Re-vegetate any area disturbed during the course of this work using a method appropriate for the location based on heat, sun, and moisture conditions. For turf establishment on areas other than in the airfield or Clear Zone, use a species mix containing hulled and unhulled common Bermuda, fescue, and annual ryegrass that will allow the appropriate permanent species of grass to dominate to a final vigorous growth condition. For turf establishment on areas of the airfield, use a species mix containing a forage crop strain of Bermuda, such as "Cheyenne" or "Sahara" by Pennington or approved equal forage Bermuda by other producers, along with annual ryegrass, and fescue so that a permanent turf can be established based on heat, sun, and moisture conditions. Mulch using materials free of weed seed or other material that might attract birds or rodents. Mulch must be anchored or otherwise prevented from blowing or movement. Establish temporary vegetation, free of weed or weed seeds as defined in the specification, as appropriate, using a species mix that will provide consistent protective cover until that area is re-disturbed or permanent turf is established. The Contractor shall execute Turf Establishment as follows:

1.1.1 General Base Turf Establishment other than on the Airfield: Normal landscaping principals used in the practice of sound landscaping.

1.1.2 Airfield Turf Establishment: Any turf establishment or seeding on the Airfield shall have additional restrictions such as the following:

1.1.2.1 The Contractor shall only use seeds that have been treated to discourage consumption by birds using a commercially available bird repellant or detractants normally coating the seed or mix components prior to field application.

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-3

1.1.2 .2 The Contractor shall ensure that seed, sprig, or sod laid in areas of potential jet blast shall be stabilized to prevent mulch or seed from being dislodged. In addition, he/she shall ensure that mulch does not blow onto or across any area subject to moving aircraft, shall immediately remove any of his mulch that is found on any aircraft movement surface, and can be held liable for any damage resulting from this dislodged mulch.

1.1.2.3 The Contractor shall monitor exposed soil and new grass and shall apply an appropriate chemical repellant or detractant to areas where birds are observed grazing or congregating.

1.1.2.4 No seed, hay or straw, sprigs, or sod shall be applied to any part of the airfield to include the clear zones that includes any of the seeds or seed head described as “Weed” as defined in Paragraph 1.6.1 of this Specification Section.

1.1.2.5 Only “forage” type of seeds, sprigs, or sods shall be used on the airfield. Forage type of grasses is defined as a grass that can achieve and sustain a minimum height of 7 inches (ie.

Versus “turf” types designed for low height growth.

1.1.2.6 Seed, lime, fertilizer, other soil amendments, mulches, and water shall be handled, applied, and laid in rates determined by the Contractor based on soil conditions, topography, temperature, and vicinity to the airfield to achieve the end results of a vigorous growth within the timeframe specified; rates and methods included in this specification are for general information only.

The Contractor retains full responsibility for the performance and achievement of a vigorous growth of the type specified using a sod, sprig, or seed of seed required either in the spec or on the drawings.

1.2 REFERENCES: The publications listed below form a part of this Statement of Work to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

1.2.1 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

1.2.1.1 ASTM D 977: (1986) Emulsified Asphalt

1.2.1.2 ASTM D 2028: (1976) Rev 1986) Cutback Asphalt (Rapid curing type)

1.2.1.3 ASTM D 2607 (1969) Peats, Mosses, Humus, and Related Products

1.2.2 AMERICAN SOD PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION, INC. (ASPA)

1.2.2.1 ASPA-01 (Undated) Guideline Specifications to Sodding

1.2.3 FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS (FS)

1.2.3.1 FS-O-F-241 (Rev. D) Fertilizers, mixed, commercial

1.2.4 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)

1.2.4.1 USDA-01 (1939) Federal Seed Act of August 9, 1939 (53 Stat. 1275) Rules and Regulations

1.3 SUBMITTALS: The following shall be submitted if requested by the Contracting Officer:

1.3.1. Seed Package Labels or Certifications: showing seed types, pure live seed, weed contents, germination rates, and harvest date.

1.3..2 Contractor’s Seed Application Rate Calculations: showing seed application rates based

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-4 on seed Pure Live Seed and required applications rates based on area to be covered.

1.3.3 Certification of Species for Sod and Sprigs: showing growers certification of species and type and weed content.

1.3.4 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS): for any material where a MSDS is produced for that chemical or amendment (ex. Any herbicide, pesticide, fertilizer, tacifiers, etc.) These MSDS’s shall be submitted for approval as per Spec Section 01560, Environmental Protection.

1.3.5 Manufacturer's Catalog Data: Manufacturer's literature discussing physical characteristics, application and installation instructions for seeds, soil amendments and fertilizers, erosion control material, and for chemical treatment materials shall be submitted.

1.3.6 Work Plan: Submittal of the delivery schedule shall be at least 10 days before delivery.

Chemical Treatment Plan shall be submitted with proposed sequence of chemical treatment work. The common name, chemical composition, formulation, concentration, rate and method of application for all materials furnished; and the name and license of the state certified applicators shall be included.

1.3.7 Certification of Compliance: Prior to the delivery of materials, the Contractor shall submit certificates of compliance certifying that materials meet the requirements specified. Certified copies of the reports for the following materials shall be submitted:

1.3.7.1 Fertilizer: For chemical analysis composition percent.

1.3.7.2 Lime: For chemical analysis.

1.3.7.3 Peat: For compliance with ASTM D 2607.

1.3.7.4 Asphalt Adhesive: For compliance with ASTM D 977 and ASTM D 2028.

1.3.7.5 Chemical Treatment Materials: For EPA registration and approved application practices.

1.3.8 Container Labels: After materials have been delivered to the site, Manufacturer's

Container Labels or quality certifications shall be provided to the Contracting Officer for the following materials:

1.3.8.1 Fertilizer

1.3.8.2 Lime

1.3.8.3 Soil Amendments

1.3.9 Waste and Disposal Reporting and Approvals: The Contractor shall provide the following information of disposal

1.3.9.1: Name, address, telephone number and State certification number for any waste disposal site prior to removal of the materials from Dobbins.

1.3.9.2 Waste Profiles, Land Ban Documents and draft manifests prior to removal of waste from Dobbins (Dobbins personnel must sign any Hazardous Waste Manifest covering hazardous waste that the contractor might generate during the course of this work.

1.3.9.3 Weight receipts for all wastes and signed and completed manifests for any

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-5 hazardous waste generated.

1.4 SOURCE INSPECTION: All material will be subject to inspection by the Contracting Officer at the site or other area designated by the Contracting Officer.

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING:

1.5.1 Delivery:

1.5.1.1 Inspection: The Contractor shall have full responsibility for the delivery and inspection of all materials the Contractor is planning to use on the project.

1.5.1.2 Protection: The Contractor is fully responsible for the protection of all supplies used in the performance of his work.

1.5.1.3 Fertilizer, Lime, Soil Amendments, Chemical Treatment: The Contractor shall be responsible for providing and certifying all materials delivered for use on the base.

1.5.2 Storage: The Contractor shall be fully responsible for the storage and condition of all material to be used in this project. The Contractor shall dispose of any waste or spoiled materials using approved disposal methods for any material that cannot be used as a result of deterioration while in storage, delivery, or damaged during installation in accordance with Base Policy.

1.5.3 Handling:

The Contractor shall be fully responsible for the handling of any materials delivered for use in this project.

1.6 DEFINITIONS

1.6.1 WEEDS: Any vegetation, to include other grasses, that is not specified for application in this project; can, as a minimum, Includes Dandelion, Jimsonweed, Quackgrass, Horsetail, Morning Glory, Rush Grass, Mustard, Lambquarter, Chickweed, Cress, Crabgrass, Canadian Thistle, Nutgrass, Poison Oak, Blackberry, Tansy Ragwort, Millet, Goose Grass, Barnyard Grass, Johnson Grass, Poison Ivy, Nut Sedge, Nimble Will, Bindweed, Wild Garlic, Perennial Sorrel, and Brome Grass.

1.6.2 PURE LIVE SEED (PLS): The term "Pure Live Seed" is used to express the quality of seed, even if it is not shown on the label. Pure Live Seed (PLS) is expressed as a percentage of the seeds that are pure and will germinate. PLS is determined by multiplying the percent of pure seed times the percent of germination and dividing by 100.

EXAMPLE: Common Bermuda seed with label showing the following:

70% germination 80% purity

PLS = 70%_germination_x_80%_purity

= 56/100 = 0.56 = 56% PLS

The percent of PLS helps you determine the amount of seed you need. If the seeding rate is 10 pounds of seed and the bulk seed are 56% PLS, the required bulk seeding rate is:

10_lbs._%_PLS/acre 56% PLS = 17.9 lbs./acre to equal the required 10 lbs per acre.

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-6

You would need to plant 17.9 lbs./acre to provide 10 lbs./acre of Pure Live Seed.

1.6.3 INOCULANTS: Appropriate nitrogen-fixing bacteria cultures prepared specifically for the seed species and used within the dates on the container. A live culture with a shelf life under stressful conditions will be used during the labeled permissive application period as described on the specific batch.

1.6.4 VIGOROUS GROWTH/VIGOROUS GROWING CONDITION: Specified grass and grass mix with a minimum of two (2) inches of top growth. The grassed area shall be covered to a minimum of 98 percent of the entire area with no bare spots greater than 1/2 foot in diameter. (See Para this Section "TURF ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD"). Grasses shall be maintained by the Contractor through three mowing cycles and Vigorous Growth shall be measured immediately after the third mowing cycle.

1.6.4.1 SEEDING OPERATION: A stand of turf from the seeding operation is defined as a minimum of 50 grass plants per square foot. Bare spots shall be no larger than 1/2 foot square. The total bare spots shall not exceed 2 percent of the total seeded area. Vigorous Growth for grasses planted on the Airfield shall be further defined as a top growth of a minimum of 7 inches.

1.6.4.2 SODDING OPERATION: A stand of turf from the sodding operation is defined as living sod uniform in color and leaf texture. Bare spots shall be no larger than 6 inches square. The total bare spots shall not exceed 2 percent of the total sodded area.

1.6.4.3 SPRIGGING OPERATION: A stand of turf from the sprigging operation is defined as a minimum of two turf plants per square foot at the time of initial sprigging and a creeping spread that will cover the area to a minimum of 98 % coverage prior to Government acceptance. Bare spots shall be no larger than 9 inches square. The total bare spots shall not exceed 2 percent of the total sprigged area.

1.6.5 REPELLANT OR DETRACTANT: a variety of chemicals that repel birds from eating treated seed, or new-growth grass. These include chemicals that are repellants, toxicants, and capturing agents. These include products that contain detractants such as Methyl Anthrailate (an artificial grape flavoring used to repel birds), and anthraquinone (both), and repellants such as 4-Aminopyridine (mildly toxic “frightening agent”).

1.6.6 TURF ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD: A time period during which the Contractor is establishing the turf and grass types as specified in the specifications and drawings. On completion of the last day of the turfing operation, the Turf Establishment Period will be continue until a vigorous growth is accepted by the Contracting Officer. During periods where planted grass types are dormant, this turf establishment period will be extended at the discretion of the Base Contracting Officer until specified grass species can be identified and are found viable.

1.6.7 SEED and SEED Mix: The seed mix or types of seed that will be used during any phase of the project on any portion of the base and the airfield. Any area of the base that is adjacent to any aircraft movement area, within any taxiway infield or areas enclosed by aircraft movement surfaces, and the clear zones at each end of the runway is considered on the airfield; this area shall extend laterally from the centerline of the runway 750 feet or 1500 feet from the extended runway centerline within the clear zones. If no seed mix is specified in the plans, specs or drawings, then the seed mix shall consist of hulled and un-hulled Bermuda Grasses, Winter (annual) Ryegrass, and Fescue at a rate described in the following chart:

1.6.7.1 General Seed Mix:

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-7

General Seed Mix Per 1000 Square Feet: A mix with each seed type:

UNHULLED COMMON BERMUDA GRASS 0.3 LBS Pure Live Seed HULLED COMMON BERMUDA GRASS 0.25 LBS Pure Live Seed FESCUE 1.0 LBS Pure Live Seed WINTER RYE 1.3 LBS Pure Live Seed

Per acre: A mix with each seed type:

UNHULLED COMMON BERMUDA GRASS 13 LBS Pure Live Seed HULLED COMMON BERMUDA GRASS 11 LBS Pure Live Seed FESCUE 43 LBS Pure Live Seed WINTER RYE 56 LBS Pure Live Seed

1.6.7.2 Airfield Seed Mix:

Airfield Seeds Per Acre:

ANNUAL WINTER RYEGRASS 56 LBS Pure Live Seed FESCUE 43 LBS Pure Live Seed BERMUDA SEED: Rates per 1000SF or ACRE shall be as recommended by seed producer for crop production. Forage-Type small seed producers with a small seed size and a mature height that will range form a minimum height of 7”. Recommended seed types include Pennington’s “Cheyenne” or “Sahara”. This seed may not be available as hulled but if hulled is available, then hulled shall be used when Bermuda germination is predicted to occur within next 2 months. Winter Ryedgrass and Fescue seed may be reduced after approval of the Contracting Officer based on the written recommendation of the seed producer when time of year and type of seed may negatively impact the growth of the Bermuda seed of choice.

1.6.8 CHEMICAL TREATMENT: Any number of chemicals used to treat other material so that they are resistant to animal and/or insect consumption, fungal/mold growth, or flora pests or diseases.

1.7 TIME REQUIREMENTS FOR TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT VEGETATION

1.7.1 TEMPORARY VEGETATION: No later than the eighth day following temporary cessation of work on any area cleared or disturbed as part of the Contractor’s work, The Contractor shall establish temporary vegetation or apply adequate mulch cover for any area and shall maintain protective vegetative cover or mulch until the area is regarded or work commences to establish Permanent Cover.

1.7.2 PERMAMENT VEGETATION: No later than the eighth day following completion of final grading, the Contractor shall establish permanent vegetative cover over any area. Any vegetative cover shall be worked so that vigorous growth is achieved as quickly as possible.

1.7.3 RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR FOR COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH REMOVAL

OF SEDIMENTS OR REPAIR TO STRUCTURES DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF THE CONTRACTOR’S

FAILURE TO PERFORM ADEQUATE EROSION CONTROL: The Contractor is responsible for removal and cleanup of any sediments that result from his negligence during the period of his work on Dobbins.

The Contractor Officer has the discretion to either require the Contactor to clean up sediments and repair sites impacted by his failure to perform or to bill the Contractor for these services provided by others to include Government personnel.

1.8 TURF ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD:

1.8.1 Length of Period: Until Vigorous Growth is established and the area turfed is accepted by the Contracting Officer.

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-8

1.8.2 Stand of Turf: See Vigorous Growth Paragraph 1.6.4.

1.8.3 Maintenance During Establishment Period:

1.8.3.1 General: The Contractor shall maintain areas under his control to include eradicating weeds, protecting embankments and ditches from erosion, maintaining erosion control material, protecting turfed areas from traffic, and mowing to provide a uniform appearance with the adjacent areas not under the control of the Contractor until final acceptance of the turf by the Contracting Officer or under specific case-by-case.

1.8.3.2 Repair: Turf conditions shall be re-established as specified herein for eroded areas, damaged or barren areas. Mulch shall be repaired or replaced as required. If an area that has been TURFED does not establish a vigorous growth, a determination may be made by the Contracting Officer as to the cause for the lack of growth and any necessary corrective action required. If the determination is made that the lack of vigorous growth is due to an "act of God" (out of the control of the Contractor) , the Contractor shall, at his option and discretion and acceptance of the negotiated quantities by the Contracting Officer, perform the necessary additional work required to satisfy the intent of this Statement of Work. Price and scope will be as negotiated between the Contracting Officer and the Contractor at the time of the requirement for this additional work. Otherwise, all repairs are the responsibility of the Contractor.

1.8.3.3 Mowing: During the turf establishment period, non-airfield turfed areas shall be mowed to a minimum height of 5 inches when the average height of the turf becomes 8 inches. Clippings shall be removed when clumping occurs or when sufficient clippings are present to smother seedlings or other grass. Airfield areas shall be maintained at a minimum height of 7 inches and maximum height of 14 inches.

1.8.3.4 Watering: The Contractor is advised to water establishing areas at intervals to obtain a moist soil condition to a minimum depth of 2 inches. Frequency of watering and quantity of water should be adjusted in accordance with the growth of the turf. Run-off, water puddles, and wilting shall be prevented. Watering should continue until the Contracting Officer has accepted the established turf (see paragraphs dealing with VIGOROUS GROWTH and TURF ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD.)

1.8.3.5 Post-Fertilization: The Contractor is responsible to maintain proper fertilizer levels in the establishing turf to prevent stress and to ensure the establishment of a healthy turf.

1.8.3.6 Chemical Treatment: When an animal, insect, fungal/mold, or flora pests or disease becomes apparent during the Turf Establishment Period, the Contractor shall obtain the serices of a a state certified applicator to apply required chemicals in accordance with EPA label restrictions and recommendations. The Contractor shall ensure that hydraulic equipment for the liquid application of chemicals shall be provided with a leak-proof tank, positive agitation methods, controlled application pressure and metering gauges. Re-applications shall conform to manufacturer’s recommendations and conditions at the site. Pre-emergent herbicides will not be used.

1.8.3.7 Maintain grass until final acceptance.

1.9 FINAL ACCEPTANCE: Once turf is established to the standards specificed in Pasra 1.6.4, the Contractor shall request a final acceptance inspection be made. The Contractor shall replant rejected areas shall until proper turf establishment is achieved and accepted by the Contracting Officer.

1.10 ANIMAL GRAZING on the Airfield: The Contractor shall routinely inspect any areas of the airfield where he/she is trying to establish turf and, if he is either notified or observes birds grazing, shall take immediate steps within 2 hours to apply a chemical repellant to that area. He shall also notify both the Contracting Officer and Airfield Manager of his observations and actions. Re-application of chemicals

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-9 shall continue per manufacturer’s instructions until the pest is under control or until that area is accepted by the Government. If the Contracting Officer determines that birds are still present due to actions of the Contractor, the Contractor shall take immediate steps to eliminate the associated attractive nuisance and restore the site to a condition that is less attractive to birds as per this Specification.

1.11 RESTORATION AND CLEAN-UP: Excess and waste material shall be removed and disposed of off the site. Adjacent paved areas shall be cleaned. Existing turf areas which have been damaged during the contract operations shall be restored to original conditions.

1.12 PROTECTION OF TURFED AREAS: Immediately after turfing, the area shall be protected against traffic, erosion, and environmental decay until area is accepted by the Government.

1.12.1 The Contractor is recommended to mark seeded areas, subject to pedestrian or vehicular traffic, with stakes and string around area periphery. Recommend that string height be set at 24 inches. Recommend stakes spacing at 24 foot intervals.

1.12.2 The Contractor is recommended to cover seeded slopes where grade is 6 inches per foot (1’ vertical to 2’ horizontal) or greater with erosion fabric as a minimum, and 1’vertical to 3’ horizontal to 1:2 with 2 inches of straw or hay mulch . The Contractor shall adhere to the following precautions:

1.12.2.1 Lay fabric smoothly on surface, bury top end of each section in 6 inch deep excavated topsoil trench. Provide 12 inch overlap of adjacent rolls. Backfill trench and rake smooth, level with adjacent soil.

1.12.2.2 Secure outside edges and overlaps at 36 inch intervals with stakes.

1.12.2.3 Lightly dress slopes with topsoil to ensure close contact between fabric and soil.

1.12.2.4 At sides of ditches, lay fabric laps in direction of water flow. Lap ends and edges minimum 6 inches.

1.12.2.5 In areas of concentrated water flow, stake or secure the mulch so that washing down stream is prevented.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

2.1.1 The following materials are recommended for use in this project. This section is provided for the Contractor’s use in trying to establish the minimum quality of materials to be used. The use of the words “shall” and “should” are interchangeable in this section only.

2.1.1.1 Seed Classification: State-approved seed of the latest season's crop in the original sealed package bearing the producer's guaranteed analysis for mixture percentage, purity, germination, weed seed content, and inert material. Labels shall be in conformance with USDA-01 and applicable state seed laws. Labels shall be retained and provided to the Contracting Officer on request.

2.1.1.2 Seed Mixture: Seed mixture shall be proportioned by weight using the calculated Pure Live Seed as the seed application rate for the required mix ratio. IE. If the application rate calls for 10 lbs per acre, the seed weight shall be the Pure Live Seed application rate and not the gross seed application rate. 10 lbs or PLS may require considerably more gross seed to achieve the proper seed application rate. Due to variations is seed size and weight and the difficulty in obtaining a uniform coverage of most seed mixed, a “mix” of seed should be applied as a separate pass for each seed type.

2.1.1.3 Seed Quality: Weed seed shall not exceed 5 percent by weight of the total

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-10 mixture. Wet, moldy, or otherwise damaged seed will be rejected. Field mixing should be required to be performed on site.

2.1.1.4 Airfield Seed: Forage-type grasses that produce small seed with a and a mature height that will range from a minimum mature height of 7”. Recommended seed types include Pennington’s “Cheyenne” or “Sahara”. Temporary or quick growth (stabilizer) seeds shall be annual, non-seed producing varieties that include Winter Ryegrass (annual) and Tall fescue. At no time will millet be allowed anywhere on the airfield or clear zones. Max “Weed Seed” content shall not exceed 2% by weight as described on seed bag label. Every attempt will be made to completely eliminate Millet contamination on the airfield.

2.1.2 Sod: Any sod used must be classified in the ASPA-01. The sod shall be relatively free of weeds or undesirable plants, free of stones larger than 1 inch in any dimension, free of woody plant roots and other materials detrimental to the development of the turf. Sod anchors shall be as recommended by the sod supplier. Minimum period of Sod turf establishment shall be after a period of not less than three

(3) mowing cycles.

2.1.3 Sprigs: The cultivar shall be provided as healthy living stems, stolons, or rhizomes with attached roots including two to three nodes and from 4 to 6 inch long, without adhering soil, obtained from heavy and dense sod. Sprigs shall be provided which have been grown under climatic conditions similar to those in the locality of the project. Sprigs containing weed or other detrimental material or that are heat damaged will be rejected. Submittals are not required.

2.1.4 Soil Amendments: Soil amendments shall consist of lime, fertilizer, and soil conditioners meeting the following requirements:

2.1.4.1 Lime: Commercial grade limestone containing not less than 50 percent of total oxides, 85 percent calcium and magnesium oxides. Agricultural Lime: Within the specifications of the Georgia Department of Agriculture. Ground Limestone spread by conventional means is calcitic or dolomitic limestone ground so that 90% of the material will pass through a 10-mesh sieve, not less than 50% will pass through a 50-mesh sieve, and not less than 25 percent will pass through a 100-mesh sieve.

Finely ground limestone spread by hydraulic seeding equipment will be calcitic or dolomitic limestone ground so that 98 percent of the material will pass through a 20-mesh sieve and not less than 70 percent will pass through a 100-mesh sieve.

2.1.4.2 Fertilizer: Commercial grade, free flowing, uniform in composition and conforming to FS O-F-241. Free of Heavy Metal additives or fillers,

2.1.4.3 Soil Conditioner: For single use or in combination to meet requirements for topsoil:

2.1.4.3.1 Gypsum: Commercially packaged, free flowing, minimum 95 percent calcium sulphate by volumn.

2.1.4.3.2 Organic Soil Conditioner:

2.1.4.3.2.1 Peat: Derived from a bog, swampland or marsh shall conform to ASTM D 2607.

2.1.4.3.2.2 Sand: Clean, free of toxic materials, 95 percent by weight shall pass a 10-mesh sieve and 100 percent by weight shall pass a 16-mesh sieve.

2.1.4.3.2.3 Rotted Manure: Well rotted, horse or cattle manure containing a maximum 25 percent by volume of straw, sawdust, or other bedding material, free of stones, (AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-11 sticks, soil and containing no chemical or ingredients harmful to plants.

2.1.4.3.2.4 Decomposed Wood Derivatives: Ground bark, sawdust, or other wood waste material free of stones, sticks, soil, and toxic substances harmful to plants, stabilized with nitrogen.

2.1.4.3.3 Calcined Clay: Granular particles produced from montmorillonite clay calcined to minimum temperature of 1200 degrees to the following gradation: minimum 90 percent passing 8-mesh screen, 99 percent retained on 60-mesh screen and maximum 2 percent passing 100-mesh screen. Bulk density: maximum 40 pounds per cubic foot.

2.1.5 Mulches: Mulches shall be free from weeds, mold, and other deleterious materials.

Airfield mulches: if using a straw or hay mulch on the airfield, the type of hay or straw shall be limited to the type of final grass type that is desired, ie forage type of Bermuda hay if final seed type desired is Bermuda, free of weeds and weed seeds.

2.1.5.1 Straw: Straw shall be stalks devoid of germinating seeds and shall be furnished in air-dry condition and with a consistency for placing with commercial mulch blowing equipment.

2.1.5.2 Wood Cellulose Fiber: Wood cellulose fiber shall not contain any growth or germination-inhibiting factors and mayl be dyed an appropriate color to facilitate visual metering during application. Composition on air-dry weight basis: 9 to 15 percent moisture, pH range from 3.5 to 5.0.

Use with hydroseeding application of grass seed and fertilizer. When added to water, it forms a homogenous slurry.

2.1.5.3 Wood Chips: Wood chips shall be chips or shredded wood fiber or bark with particle size of 2 inches. If un-composted chips are used, appropriate adjustment to nitrogens level to accommodate the nitrogen demand of the wood chip during decay.

2.1.6 Asphalt Adhesive: Asphalt adhesive shall conform to the following:

2.1.6.1 Cutback Asphalt: ASTM D 2028, designation RC-70.

2.1.6.2 Emulsified Asphalt: ASTM D 977, Grade SS-1.

2.1.7 Water: May be Government Furnished at a location approved by the Contracting Officer and transported from the Hydrant to the Site by the Contractor; should the Contractor consider the Government furnished water as un-acceptable, he shall then be responsible for obtaining his own at no increase in the Contract price..

2.1.8 Chemical Treatment Materials: In original containers with Material Data Safety Sheets;

use shall be strictly in accordance with manufacturer’s label or recommendation.

2.1.9 Erosion Control Materials: Soil erosion control shall conform to the following:

2.1.9.1 Soil Erosion Control Blanket: Machine produced mat of wood excelsior formed from a web of interlocking wood fiber, covered on one side with either plastic netting or twisted kraft paper cord netting.

2.1.9.2 Soil Erosion Control Fabric: Knitted construction of polypropylene yarn with uniform mesh openings 3/4 to 1 inch square with strips of biodegradable paper. Filler paper strips should last 6 to 8 months.

2.1.9.3 Soil Erosion Control Net: Heavy, twisted jute mesh weighing approximately 5 pounds per 100 square feet and 4 feet wide with mesh openings of approximately 1/2 inch square.

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-12

2.1.9.4 Soil Erosion Control Chemicals: High-polymer synthetic resin or cold water emulsion of selected petroleum resins.

2.1.9.5 Vegetable Based Gels: Physiologically harmless, without phytotoxic or crop damaging properties, naturally occurring powder based hydrophyllic additives formulated to provide gels which will form membraned networks of water insoluble polymers within 4 hours after application.

2.1.9.6 Anchors: Erosion control anchor material shall be as recommended by the Manufacturer or landscape architect..

2.10.1 Topsoil: Topsoil is the fertile, agricultural soil, generally existing in the area, consisting of natural, friable soil representative of productive soils in the vicinity, capable of sustaining vigorous plant growth, and taken from drained site. Topsoil shall be free of any admixture of subsoil, weeds and roots, clay or impurities, foreign matter, objects larger than 1 inch in any dimension, toxic substances, and any material or substance that may be harmfull to plant growth. Topsoil's pH value of minimum 5.4 and maximum 7.0 (6.0 preferred). Topsoil that does not meet this pH range shall be amended by the addition of ph adjusters, at a rate recommended based on standard USDA type soil tests.

PART 3 EXECUTION

The Contractor is fully responsible for the execution of all work to include site preparation, material handling, application, and continued maintenance to achieve a pre- and final growth that is acceptable to the Government. The use of the words “shall” and “should” are interchangeable in this section only.

The following generally constitute recommendations for use by the Contractor.

3.1 PLANTING WINDOWS, AREA PREPARATION and SEED MIXTURE: The Contractor is responsible for the establishment of a vigorous growth of turf grass during all periods of the year. It will be the full responsibility of the Contractor to bring the site to final specified grade, properly prep the site as needed to produce a finished area compatible with the intent of the scope of work, to scarify crusted material, smooth surfaces, rake out debris according to the final use of the site, obtain and apply the seeds, sprigs, or sod as the manufacturer recommends and maintain the growth until the government can accept the final condition as a vigorous growth. Growth density at the time of inspection will be determined by the Contracting officer as defines in this specification. The Contractor shall provide proof that the appropriate seed, sprigs or sod was installed as required by this spec or drawing.

3.1.1

3.2 SITE PREPARATION: The following methods are presented as a guide and recommended for use by the Contractor in this project.

3.2.1 Preparation of planting areas:

3.2.1.1 Grading: The Contractor shall verify the finished grades as indicated on drawings, and the placing of topsoil and the smooth grading has been completed in accordance with the Sepcification Section on "Grading". Establish Top-Of-Embankment Berms as needed to prevent down-slope erosion. Do not allow graded areas to”crust” over.

3.2.1.2 Preparation of Subsoil:

3.2.1.2.1 Prepare subsoil to eliminate uneven areas and low spots. Maintain lines, levels, profiles and contours. Make changes in grade gradual. Blend slopes into level areas.

Slope vertical banks to enable plant establishments. Grade and shape, where feasible and practical, so

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-13 that equipment can be used safely and efficiently during seedbed preparation, seeding, mulching, and maintenance of the vegetation.

3.2.1.2.2 Concentrations of water that will cause excessive soil erosion will be diverted to a safe outlet. Diversions and other treatment practices must conform with the appropriate standards and Statement of Work , or Best Management Practices as published as industry standards and erosion and sediment control procedures.

3.2.1.2.3 Remove foreign materials, weeds, and undesirable plants and their roots. Remove contaminated subsoil.

3.2.1.2.4 Scarify subsoil to a depth of 4 inches where topsoil is to be placed.

Repeat cultivation in areas where equipment, used for hauling and spreading topsoil, has compacted subsoil.

3.2.1.3 Placing Topsoil:

3.2.1.3.1 Spread topsoil to a minimum depth of 3 inches over the area to be seeded. Rake smooth.

3.2.1.3.2 Place topsoil during dry weather and on dry unfrozen subgrade.

3.2.1.3.3 Remove vegetable matter and foreign non-organic material while spreading.

3.2.1.3.4 Grade to eliminate rough, low, or soft areas, and to ensure positive drainage.

3.2.1.4 Fertilizing and Liming:

3.2.1.4.1 Smooth rake topsoil.

3.2.1.4.2 Apply fertilizer according to manufacturer's instructions.

3.2.1.4.3 Do not apply fertilizer at same time or with same machine as will be used to apply seed (unless hydroseeding).

3.2.1.4.4 Mix thoroughly into upper 3 inches of topsoil.

3.2.1.4.5 Lightly water to aid the dissipation of fertilizer.

3.2.1.4.6 Where permanent vegetation is to be established, apply agricultural lime at the rate of one tons per acre or as indicated by a standard USDA type soil test (at the disgression of the Contractor. Make sure agricultural lime is within the specifications of the Georgia Department of Agriculture.

3.2.1.4.7 No agricultural lime is required where only temporary seeding is to be done.

3.2.2 INSPECTION BY CONTRACTOR

3.2.2.1 Verify that prepared soil base is ready to receive the work of this Section and the surface is not crusted over or over wise unable to accept the vegetation to be applied.

3.2.2.2 Beginning of installation constitutes acceptance of existing site conditions by the

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-14

Contractor.

3.2.3 Application of Soil Amendments

3.2.3.1 Soil Test: A soil test shall be performed for pH, chemical analysis and mechanical analysis to establish the quantities and type of soil amendments required to meet local growing conditions for the type and variety of turf specified.

3.2.3.2 Lime: Lime shall be applied at the rate of 2000 pounds per acre. Lime shall be incorporated into the soil to a minimum depth of 4 inches or may be incorporated as part of the tillage operation.

3.2.3.3 Fertilizer: Fertilizer shall be applied at the rate of 1500 pounds per acre and incorporated into the soil to a minimum depth of 4 inches.

3.2.3.4 Soil Conditioner: Soil Conditioner shall be applied as per manufacturer's recommendations.

3.2.3.5 Deviations: Deviations in the ground surface in relation to the grades indicated shall be corrected prior to the application of any soil amendments.

3.2.4 Tillage

3.2.4.1 Minimum Depth: Soil shall be tilled to a minimum depth of 4 inches by plowing, disking, packer disking, harrowing, rototilling or other method. On slopes ratios of 2 horizontal to 1 vertical and steeper, the soil shall be tilled to a minimum depth of 2 inches by scarifying with heavy rakes, or other method. Rototillers shall be used where soil conditions and length of slope permit. On slopes 1 horizontal to 1 vertical and steeper, no tillage is required.

3.2.4.2 Soil Amendments: All soil amendments should be applied prior to tillage.

3.2.5 Finished Grading:

3.2.5.1 Preparation: Turf areas shall be filled as needed or have surplus soil removed to attain the finished grade. Drainage patterns shall be maintained as indicated on the drawings. Turf areas compacted by construction operations shall be completely pulverized by tillage. Soil used for repairs of erosion or grade deficiencies shall conform to topsoil requirements specified in this Statement of Work. Finished grade shall be 1 inch below the adjoining grade of any surfaced area. New surfaces shall be blended to existing areas.

3.2.5.2 Debris, 1 inch: Lawn areas shall have debris and stones larger than 1 inch in any dimension removed from the surface.

3.2.5.3 Debris, 3 inch: Field areas shall have debris and stones larger than 3 inches in any dimension removed from the surface.

3.2.5.4 Protection: Finished graded areas shall be protected form damage by vehicular or pedestrian traffic and erosion.

3.2.5.5 Surfaces that have either been allowed to crust over, are compacted, are compressed by tracked or wheeled vehicles, or that otherwise has areas that will not allow the seed to be naturally mixed and covered by dirt when rolled or lightly raked shall be re-scarified using tillage, packer disks, rototilling, or other means that will loosen the top layer of the dirt to prevent seed from blowing or washing away or otherwise making poor contact with the soil.

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-15

3.3 SEEDING:

3.3.1 General: Prior to seeding, any previously prepared seedbed areas compacted or damaged by interim rains, traffic, or other cause, shall be reworked to restore the ground condition previously specified. Do not broadcast seed or hydroseed when the wind velocity is such as to prevent uniform seed distribution.

3.3.2 Applying Seed: Apply seed at a rate specified. Rake in lightly. Do not seed area in excess of that which can be mulched on the same day. Seeding will be done on a freshly prepared and firmed seedbed. Each seed type shall be applied as a separate pass to ensure an even seed application rate for each seed type (a mixture of seed applied in one pass results in an un-even coverage and will require re-accomplishment of the preparation and seeding of all seed to be applied.)

3.3.2.1 Broadcast seeding: Seed shall be uniformly broadcast at the rate specified for specific seed type using a broadcast seeder. Half of seed shall be broadcast in one direction, and the remainder at right angles to the first direction. Seed shall be covered to an average depth of 1/4 inch by disk harrow, steel mat drag, cultipacker, packer disk, or other approved device.

3.3.2.2 Drill Seeding: Seed shall be uniformly drilled to an average depth of 1/2 inch and at the rate specified for the specific seed type using equipment having drills not more than 6-1/2 inches apart. Row markers shall be used with the drill seeder.

3.3.2.3 Rolling: Immediately after seeding, except for slopes 3 horizontal to 1 vertical and greater, the entire area shall be firmed with a roller not exceeding 90 pounds for each foot of roller width. Do not roll areas seeded with seed drills equipped with rollers.

3.3.2.4 No-till Seeding is permissible into annual cover crops when planting is done following maturity of the cover crop or if the temporary cover stand is sparse enough to allow adequate growth of the permanent species. No-till seeding must be done with appropriate no-till seeding equipment. The seed must be uniformly distributed and planted at the proper depth.

3.3.2.5 Do not sow immediately following rain, when ground is too dry, or during windy periods.

3.3.2.6 Roll seeded area with roller not exceeding 115 lbs per square foot.

3.3.2.7 Immediately following seeding and compacting, apply mulch to a thickness of 1/8 inches. Maintain clear of shrubs and trees.

3.3.2.8 Apply water with a fine spray immediately after each area has been mulched.

Saturate to 4 inches of soil.

3.3.3 Hydroseeding: Seed and fertilizer shall be added to water and thoroughly mixed at the rates specified. Wood cellulose fiber mulch shall be added at the rates recommended by the manufacturer after the seed, fertilizer and water have been thoroughly mixed to produce a homogenous slurry. Slurry shall be uniformly applied under pressure over the entire area. Adequate soil moisture shall be ensured by spraying water on the entire hydroseeded area and moisten the soil with a fine spray to a minimum depth of 4 inches initially. Do not roll the hydroseeded area. Do not hydroseed area in excess of that which can be mulched on the same day. Apply within one hour after the mixture is made. No-till seeding without mulching is permissible into annual cover crops when planting is done following maturity of the cover crop or if the temporary cover stand is sparse enough to allow adequate growth of the permanent species. No-till seeding must be done with appropriate no-till seeding equipment. The seed must be uniformly distributed and planted at the proper depth.

(AIRFIELD DRAINAGE)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FGWB 04-0014 TURF ESTABLISHMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECTION 02935 DOBBINS ARB, GEORGIA November 2012

Page 02935-16

3.3.4 Applying Mulch:

3.3.4.1 Straw, Hay, or Wood Chip Mulch: On the same day as seeding, mulch shall be spread uniformly at the rate of 1-1/2 tons per acre. Mulch shall be spread by hand, blower type mulch spreader or other approved method. Mulch shall be started on the windward side of relatively flat areas or on the upper part of slopes 2 h to 1 v and steeper. Do not bunch the mulch.

3.3.4.2 Anchoring the Mulch: Immediately after spreading the mulch, anchors shall be installed in the soil by a v-type wheel land packer, a scalloped-disk land packer or other approved method or by spraying asphalt adhesive. When asphalt adhesive is applied to the in-place mulch, spraying shall be at the rate of between 10 to 13 gallons per 1000 square feet.

3.3.4.3 Mulch with Asphalt Adhesive: Straw or hay mulch shall be applied simultaneously with asphalt adhesive at the rate of 1-1/2 tones per acre by using a hydro-mulcher. The entire area shall be spread evenly. Do not bunch the mulch.

3.3.4.4 Wood Cellulose Fiber: Wood cellulose fiber mulch shall be applied as part of the hydroseeding operation.