ID2 - Davis Monthan - Jan11.pdf

ID2

Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Air Combat Command

January 2011

Final Submittal

Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona

Table of Contents

Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2) i

1 Introduction ..................................................................1-1

1.1 Document Scope, Applicability, and Audience ................................................................................ 1-1

1.1.1 Applicability ........................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1.2 Audience ............................................................................................................................... 1-3

1.2 Development and Design - A Holistic Approach ............................................................................. 1-3

1.2.1 Headquarters (HQ) ACC/A7P ............................................................................................... 1-3

1.3 Development and Design-Requirements and Evaluation Metrics .................................................. 1-3

1.3.1 HQ ACC/A7P Requirements ................................................................................................ 1-3

1.3.2 Installation Requirements ..................................................................................................... 1-3

1.3.3 HQ ACC Development and Design Review Board (D2 Board) Evaluation Metrics .............. 1-4

1.3.4 HQ ACC D2 Board Evaluations ............................................................................................ 1-4

1.3.5 Installation Evaluation Metrics and Evaluations ................................................................... 1-4

1.4 Organization of this Document ....................................................................................................... 1-4

2 Installation Image ........................................................2-1

2.1 Installation Context ......................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Installation Goals and Objectives ................................................................................................... 2-1

2.3 Installation Development ................................................................................................................ 2-2

2.3.1 Image Elements ................................................................................................................... 2-3

2.3.2 Districts .................................................................................................................................. 2-3

2.3.3 Paths ................................................................................................................................... 2-12

2.3.4 Edges ................................................................................................................................. 2-13

2.3.5 Nodes .................................................................................................................................. 2-13

2.3.6 Landmarks ........................................................................................................................... 2-14

3 Development Considerations ......................................3-1

3.1 Reuse Opportunities ........................................................................................................................ 3-1

3.2 Infill Opportunities ............................................................................................................................ 3-1

3.2.1 Infill Site #1 Town Center ....................................................................................................... 3-3

3.2.2 Infill Site #2 Mission Support ................................................................................................. 3-4

3.2.3 Infill Site #3 New Visiting Quarters ........................................................................................ 3-4

3.3 Circulation........................................................................................................................................ 3-4

3.3.1 Vehicular Circulation .............................................................................................................. 3-4

3.3.2 Pedestrian Circulation ........................................................................................................... 3-4

3.4 Utilities ............................................................................................................................................. 3-6

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3.5 Land Use ......................................................................................................................................... 3-7

3.6 Sustainability Initiatives ................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.6.1 Natural Area Preservation and Restoration ........................................................................... 3-8

3.6.2 Recreational Areas ................................................................................................................ 3-8

3.6.3 Energy Conservation Initiatives ........................................................................................... 3-10

3.6.4 Water Conservation Initiatives ............................................................................................. 3-11

3.7 Constraints .....................................................................................................................................3-11

3.7.1 Wetlands and Floodplains ................................................................................................... 3-11

3.7.2 Airfield .................................................................................................................................. 3-11

3.7.3 Possible Contaminated Sites .............................................................................................. 3-11

3.7.4 Outdoor Recreation Areas .................................................................................................. 3-12

3.7.5 Noise ................................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.7.6 Safety and Security ............................................................................................................. 3-12

3.7.7 Operations ........................................................................................................................... 3-12

3.7.8 Threatened and Endangered Species ................................................................................ 3-12

3.7.9 Soils ..................................................................................................................................... 3-12

4 Illustrative Plan .............................................................4-1

5 Development and Design Guidelines .........................5-1

5.1 Sustainable Development & High Performance Green Building Design ......................................... 5-1

5.2 Site Development ............................................................................................................................ 5-1

5.2.1 Solar Orientation and Building Siting ..................................................................................... 5-1

5.2.2 Access ................................................................................................................................... 5-3

5.2.3 Parking and Roads ................................................................................................................ 5-3

5.2.4 Landscape ............................................................................................................................. 5-4

5.2.5 Open Space .......................................................................................................................... 5-5

5.2.6 Energy and Utilities ............................................................................................................... 5-6

5.2.7 Heating and Cooling .............................................................................................................. 5-6

5.2.8 Metering and Controls ........................................................................................................... 5-7

5.2.9 Water Utilities ........................................................................................................................ 5-7

5.2.10 Renewable Energy Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 5-7

5.2.11 Solar Energy ........................................................................................................................ 5-8

5.2.12 Ground Source and Turbines .............................................................................................. 5-8

5.2.13 Waste-to-Energy ................................................................................................................. 5-9

5.2.14 Stormwater .......................................................................................................................... 5-9

5.2.15 Low Impact Development (LID) ........................................................................................... 5-9 iii

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5.3 Architectural Design....................................................................................................................... 5-10

5.3.1 Architectural Order .............................................................................................................. 5-14

5.3.2 Architectural Elements ......................................................................................................... 5-17

5.3.3 Additional Architectural Direction ........................................................................................ 5-21

6 Acronyms & Abbreviations ..........................................6-1

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Vicinity Map .........................................................................................................................1-2 Figure 2.1 Districts................................................................................................................................2-5 Figure 2.2 Districts and Tenants Enlargement ......................................................................................2-7 Figure 2.3 Installation Image: Main Base Enlargement .......................................................................2-9 Figure 3.1 Infill and Development Considerations ................................................................................3-2 Figure 3.2 Circulation ...........................................................................................................................3-5 Figure 3.3 Green Infrastructure ............................................................................................................3-9 Figure 4.1 Illustrative Plan ...................................................................................................................4-3

A Installation Functional/ Technical Constraints and Considerations ................................ A-1

B Landscape Plant List .................................................B-1

C Standard Details for Construction ........................... C-1

D HVAC Matrix ...............................................................D-1

E Policy Letters .............................................................. E-1 iv

List of Insets

Inset 2.1: Vehicular Circulation ............................................................................................................ 2-12 Inset 3.1: Infill Site #1 Town Center ....................................................................................................... 3-3 Inset 3.2: Infill Site #2 Mission Support ................................................................................................. 3-4 Inset 3.3: Infill Site #3 New Visiting Quarters ........................................................................................ 3-4 Inset 3.4: Trail Circulation ...................................................................................................................... 3-6 Inset 5.1: Grid Orientation ..................................................................................................................... 5-1 Inset 5.2: Solar Shade Patterns............................................................................................................. 5-2 Inset 5.3: Streetscape/Trail Section ....................................................................................................... 5-4 Inset 5.4: Parking Grove ........................................................................................................................ 5-4

List of Photos

Photo 2.1 Ramada................................................................................................................................ 2-2 Photo 2.2 Flight Line District................................................................................................................. 2-3 Photo 2.3 12th Air Force Headquarters ................................................................................................ 2-3 Photo 2.4 Industrial District..................................................................................................................2-11 Photo 2.5 Medical District ....................................................................................................................2-11 Photo 2.6 Dormitory and Dining Facility in the Housing District ..........................................................2-11 Photo 2.7 Child Development Center in the Town Center District ...................................................... 2-12 Photo 2.8 Desert Dove Chapel in the Town Center District ................................................................ 2-12 Photo 2.9 AMARG District .................................................................................................................. 2-12 Photo 2.10 Craycroft Road looking north ........................................................................................... 2-13 Photo 2.11 Base Operations ............................................................................................................... 2-13 Photo 2.12 Benko Fitness Center....................................................................................................... 2-13 Photo 2.13 355th Fighter Wing Headquarters Building ...................................................................... 2-14 Photo 2.14 Arroyo Natural Feature ..................................................................................................... 2-14 Photo 3.1 Education Center ................................................................................................................. 3-1 Photo 3.2 Existing Visiting Quarters ..................................................................................................... 3-4 Photo 3.3 Native Cacti .......................................................................................................................... 3-8 Photo 3.4 Heritage Park ..................................................................................................................... 3-10 Photo 3.5 Golf Course ........................................................................................................................ 3-10 Photo 3.6 Outdoor Recreation ............................................................................................................ 3-12 Photo 3.7 Burrowing Owl .................................................................................................................... 3-12 Photo 5.1 Xeriscaping .......................................................................................................................... 5-5 Photo 5.2 Example of Desert Museum Palo Verde in the Southwestern U.S. ..................................... 5-5 Photo 5.3 Dorm Exterior Space ............................................................................................................ 5-5 v

List of Insets

Inset 2.1: Vehicular Circulation ............................................................................................................ 2-12 Inset 3.1: Infill Site #1 Town Center ....................................................................................................... 3-3 Inset 3.2: Infill Site #2 Mission Support ................................................................................................. 3-4 Inset 3.3: Infill Site #3 New Visiting Quarters ........................................................................................ 3-4 Inset 3.4: Trail Circulation ...................................................................................................................... 3-6 Inset 5.1: Grid Orientation ..................................................................................................................... 5-1 Inset 5.2: Solar Shade Patterns............................................................................................................. 5-2 Inset 5.3: Streetscape/Trail Section ....................................................................................................... 5-4 Inset 5.4: Parking Grove ........................................................................................................................ 5-4

Photo 5.4 Example of Solar Harvesting in the Southwestern U.S. ....................................................... 5-8 Photo 5.5 Passive Solar Water Heating System .................................................................................. 5-9 Photo 5.6 Example of the Elimination of Curb and Gutter in the Eastern U.S. .................................. 5-10 Photo 5.7 Example of Stormwater Infiltration in the Southwestern U.S. ............................................ 5-10 Photo 5.8 City of Tucson .....................................................................................................................5-11 Photo 5.9 Outdoor Recreation Pool Building .......................................................................................5-11 Photo 5.10 Haeffner Fitness Center ................................................................................................... 5-12 Photo 5.11 Auto Hobby Shop ............................................................................................................. 5-12 Photo 5.12 Flight Line Facility ............................................................................................................ 5-12 Photo 5.13 CMU and Cool Roof ......................................................................................................... 5-12 Photo 5.14 355th Civil Engineer Squadron ........................................................................................ 5-13 Photo 5.15 Sloped Metal Roof............................................................................................................ 5-13 Photo 5.16 AMARG Facility ................................................................................................................ 5-14 Photo 5.17 Compact Form ................................................................................................................. 5-14 Photo 5.18 Landscaping Treatment.................................................................................................... 5-15 Photo 5.19 Roof Proportion ................................................................................................................ 5-15 Photo 5.20 Building Massing .............................................................................................................. 5-15 Photo 5.21 Shading ............................................................................................................................ 5-17 Photo 5.22 Shade Sails ...................................................................................................................... 5-17 Photo 5.23 Fenestration ..................................................................................................................... 5-18 Photo 5.24 Daylighting ....................................................................................................................... 5-18 Photo 5.25 Light Color Roof ............................................................................................................... 5-19 Photo 5.26 Typical Building Materials and Colors .............................................................................. 5-20 Photo 5.27 Wainscoting ...................................................................................................................... 5-21 Photo 5.28 Example of an Exterior Solar Shading Device in the Southwestern U.S. ........................ 5-21

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Section 1:

Introduction

1-1

Introduction

1.1 Document Scope, Applicability, and Audience Current guidance removes design process short-circuits by realigning constraints, changing mandates into a performance framework and limiting prescriptive requirements to those critical in meeting Command and Installation functional requirements. Prior editions of design guidance, both at the Command level and the Installation level, relied heavily on mandates and prescriptive formula relating to the building form, aesthetics and materials, and this often narrowed design phase investigations into plan arrangement exercises.

Installation-level development and design guidance focuses on the identification of regional and local design characteristics, common building methods and preferences, architectural context, landscape standards, infill and building density opportunities, future vision and the establishment of installation centric preferences and strategies. Building aesthetics and character cannot be fully established prior to conducting the concept charrette, as aesthetics develop and evolve in response to multiple drivers. Designing and then evaluating aesthetics and architectural character is highly subjective and has to be approached on a project-by-project basis.

Companion information to this document is provided in the form of an Installation 3D mass model, photographic log database and the Installation Sustainability Assessment (ISA). The Installation 3D mass model is dimensionally accurate and reflects overall building massing, height and form. The photographic log database includes all structures on the installation, with the exception of family housing units and utility sheds. The ISA serves to provide a current-state snapshot of the installation’s “green posture” and will serve as a way to measure changes over time; indicators should change for the better over time as more green design strategies and processes are put into place.

1.1.1 Applicability

Publication of this document serves to supersede previous installation-level design guidance. All external references to installation-level guidance documents now refer to the Installation Development and Design Handbook (ID2). The ID2 serves to inform Future Year Development Plan (FYDP) site selections, Area Development Plan (ADP) designs, Requirements Document (RD) investigations and

1 Introduction This document addresses planning, design and construction criteria guidance for Davis-Monthan Air Force Base (AFB) so that implementing Sustainable Development and High Performance Green Building Design (SD&HPGBD) objectives becomes a primary consideration, along with building site, context, program needs, and function.

As shown in Figure 1.1, Davis-Monthan AFB is a U.S. Air Force (USAF) installation located in Pima County, southeastern Arizona, within the city limits of Tucson. A key component of Air Combat Command (ACC), the base is home to the 355th Fighter Wing, which provides combat-ready forces, including A/OA-10 Close Air support aircraft and crews in support of contingency operations. The 355th Fighter Wing is comprised of four groups: the 355th Operations Group, the 355th Maintenance Group, the 355th Mission Support Group and the 355th Medical Group. Multiple tenant units, including Headquarters, 12th Air Force, the 309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group, the 563rd Rescue Group and the 55th Electronic Combat, as well as other federal agencies find their home at Davis-Monthan AFB. The base is situated on 10,589 acres within the Sonoran Desert Region.

Seven character areas or districts define the base:

Flight Line, Headquarters (12th Air Force), Industrial, Medical, Housing, Town Center, and Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group (AMARG).

The Fighter Wing Mission and Installation Vision, which provide the overarching concept for the Fighter Wing and the base, are provided below:

a. The 355th Fighter Wing Mission is to: “Provide expeditionary combat and combat support forces, while enabling critical Air Force capabilities and Homeland Security operations.”

b. The Installation Vision consists of four vision goals for the 355th Fighter Wing subordinate units to follow in support of the fighter wing mission and focus daily efforts:

1. “Vision 1 - Fight When Called”

2. “Vision 2 - Nurture and Develop Airmen”

3. “Vision 3 - Prepare to Deploy”

4. “Vision 4 - Installation Stewardship”

1-2

Introduction

Phoenix

Tucson

Flagstaff

Yuma

Bullhead City 40

A R I Z O N A

Davis- Monthan

AFB

Tucson

Davis-Monthan

AFB

S a g u a r o N a t i o n a l P a r k

T u c s o n M o u n t a i n C o u n t y P a r k

Tucson Estates

Catalina Foothills

Tanque Verde

Vail

Summit

Drexel Heights

South Tucson

Casas Adobes

Picture Rocks

Marana Oro

Valley

Three Points

C o r o n a d o N a t i o n a l F o r e s t

S a g u a r o N a t i o n a l P a r k

Pima Cou nty Fai rgrou nds

Phoenix

Tucson

Davis- Monthan

AFB

Scottsdale

Figure 1.1 Vicinity Map

RegionalState

DAVIS-MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE

Vicinity Map

Vicinity

1-3

Introduction natural context, reflective of functional needs, responsive to aesthetic considerations and that they embody green building design.

Green design is not optional. Implementing green building design (functional constraints) objectives is required to produce a complete and usable facility or a complete and usable improvement to an existing facility. A green building design approach forms the functional and technical foundation for all performance requirements, development consideration and design constraints made, referenced or otherwise used in this document.

“Green Design” is synonymous with “Quality Design.” Quality design strategies produce results that conserve energy; make efficient use of resources; produce visually appealing structures;

reduce environmental degradation; create built environments that are livable, comfortable, safe, enduring and productive; and shrink the environmental impact of our operations.

1.3 Development and Design-

Requirements and Evaluation Metrics

1.3.1 HQ ACC/A7P Requirements

Command-level requirements are described in ACC Instruction, Installation Development and Design (publication forthcoming). This document establishes sustainable development and high performance green building design objectives as primary functional constraints, prescribes HQ ACC/ A7P review and oversight processes, identifies architectural and engineering design considerations and promulgates performance and prescriptive constraints.

1.3.2 Installation Requirements

The ID2 aligns with Command-level guidance and is intended to be a vital component in developing strategies appropriate to smart growth development and the building site, sensitive to the built context, reflective of building program and scale and responsive to object/background importance. It should also fully implement sustainable development and high performance green design objectives. The ID2 describes constraints and identifies objectives necessary to accomplish quality design. Topics and focus areas include installation context, architectural context, an Illustrative Plan, overarching development and design guidelines, site selection

Concept Charrette Document (CCD) packages. The ID2 will be summarized in the installation Electronic General Plan (eGP).

Architect-Engineer (A-E) Scope of Work descriptions, Request for Proposal (RFP) solicitations, and Design-Bid-Build (D-B-B) and Design-Build (D-B) contracts shall explicitly identify HQ ACC/A7P sustainable development and high performance green building design requirements and objectives as functional requirements.

The ID2 shall not be referenced in Design and/or Construction solicitations as establishing mandates relative to facility aesthetics, character or form. All Design and/or Construction solicitation packages shall include contract provisions citing the ID2 as containing broad considerations and shall require government review of design proposals in the source selection trade off and evaluation process.

Contractor’s responsiveness to ID2 considerations shall carry weight as a significant evaluation factor in determining the overall acceptability and value of the proposal to the government.

1.1.2 Audience

This document provides criteria and considerations used in the planning, development and design of projects that are in addition to technical criteria readily available to professional architects, planners, engineers and interior designers. This document and companion information sources shall be used as primary references in all planning/siting considerations, building renovation projects and new construction projects.

1.2 Development and Design -

A Holistic Approach

1.2.1 Headquarters (HQ) ACC/A7P

The Command’s vision is to lead by example and serve as a role model for sustainable development and high performance green building design in the Air Force, Department of Defense (DoD) and the federal government. When “Green Design” is infused into every facet and decision, immediate and long-range benefits including healthier working environments, reduction of the installation’s carbon footprint and enhancing the enduring quality of facilities while lowering the total cost of facility ownership will be realized. To this end, development and design strategies must consider a myriad of factors and influences and ensure solutions are appropriate to the site, sensitive to the built and

1-4

Introduction Directives must be implemented, unless in very rare and extenuating circumstances a waiver is first endorsed by the D2 Board and then approved by HQ ACC/A7. Waiver requests must be submitted by the Base Civil Engineer (BCE) Squadron Commander and must clearly document the basis for non-compliance and describe actions that will be taken to offset the deviation. Issuance of a waiver does not establish precedent or a basis for justifying other projects’ non-compliance.

1.3.5 Installation Evaluation

Metrics and Evaluations Installation metrics are those used by the D2 Board with additional interest in evaluating the implementation of installation-centric technical requirements. Installation evaluations may result in recommendations (non-mandatory), directives (mandatory) or a combination of both.

1.4 Organization of this

Document This ID2 Handbook is organized into six main chapters and appendices:

a. Chapter 1, Introduction - Familiarizes the reader with the need, scope and applicability, requirements and organization of the document.

b. Chapter 2, Installation Image - Provides insight into the existing conditions found on base, specifically in areas where new development can be accommodated.

c. Chapter 3, Development Considerations - Provides information regarding opportunities and constraints found within the development areas.

d. Chapter 4, Illustrative Plan - Provides a view of potential development opportunities in the next 10 to 20 years.

e. Chapter 5, Development and Design Guidelines - Highlights approaches to areas of SD&HPGBD, site development and architectural design.

f. Chapter 6 - Provides a list of acronyms.

g. Appendices - Identify specific technical considerations and constraints and provide other supporting materials.

and development considerations, landscape design issues, architectural design objectives and technical constraints.

Technical constraints can be generally categorized either as “Non-negotiable,” such as compatibility with existing fire-alarm communication or keying systems, or “Negotiable” such as a brick blend generally used throughout the installation. “Non-Negotiable” constraints should not directly or indirectly pre-determine building aesthetics, character or form or limit/restrict investigation of high performance green building design strategies.

1.3.3 HQ ACC Development and

Design Review Board (D2 Board) Evaluation Metrics Projects meeting threshold levels established in the ACC Instruction (publication forthcoming) will be evaluated by the HQ ACC Development and Design Review Board (D2 Board). D2 Board evaluations seek to validate conformance with requirements established by Command-level guidance and in this document and seek to validate adherence to principles of quality design, such as optimizing benefits from site selection and energy use, protecting and conserving water resources, utilizing environmentally preferable products, enhancing indoor environmental quality and optimizing operational and maintenance practices. All development and design solutions must embody an “appropriate response” and reflect a responsible use of public funds.

Evaluations of aesthetics and architectural design are inherently subjective, and the D2 Board reserves latitude in evaluating design strategies on a project-by-project basis. Design aesthetics, architectural character and appropriate building form cannot be prescriptively determined in advance of conducting a concept development charrette, as these characteristics arise only after consideration and synthesis of all design drivers. Setting aesthetic preconditions short-circuits design development and will be avoided.

1.3.4 HQ ACC D2 Board

Evaluations D2 Board evaluations may produce recommendations (non-mandatory), directives (mandatory) or a combination of both. In extreme cases, D2 Board directives may include project stoppage in order to address continued or critical failure in meeting functional constraints.

Section 2:

Installation Image

2-1

Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2) recreational activities. Mild year-round, the region averages more than 300 days of sunshine with only 12 inches of rainfall annually. In summer, the average low temperature is 73° F and the average high is 100° F. Winter lows average 39° F with a high of 65° F. Prevailing winds of typically 6-8 knots shift throughout the day. Maximum sun angles range from approximately 81° in summer to 33° in winter. Because of the high summer temperature range, limited natural shade and the high number of sunny days, solar control is a high priority design consideration.

The Tucson area is situated on a high valley floor in the midst of five mountain ranges - the Santa Catalina, the Santa Rita, the Sierrita, the Rincon and the Tucson Mountains. Davis-Monthan AFB is situated in this valley floor near the center of the Tucson Basin. Surface soils consist of silts, clays, sands and gravels. Subsurface soils consist largely of clays, rocks and caliche type soils, which are typically rock-like in nature. While an ideal surface for outdoor aircraft storage, the caliche soil is problematic for building construction. Difficulty in excavation and potentially uneven foundation support conditions can result in increased construction costs. Atterbury Wash is an intermittent streambed located in the eastern portion of the base that is subject to flash flooding during seasonal storms. Native vegetation consists of grasses, cactus and scrub indigenous to the Sonoran Desert.

Vegetation in developed portions of the base is largely imported non-native flora, artificially irrigated.

While not inhospitable, Davis-Monthan AFB exists in a desert environment and conditions are harsh in both geologic and climatic terms. Site-specific design is essential.

2.2 Installation Goals and

Objectives Installation architectural and planning goals provide the overall guidance for land development, including land use, facility sitings, and infrastructure development. These installation-specific planning goals and objectives are informed by the Command’s goal for a holistic approach to sustainable development and design:

a. Integrate sustainable site development and high performance green building design into all new facility and site development projects.

The ACC Sustainable Design Scorecard is a design tool used in conjunction with ACC design

2 Installation Image The Installation Image is a mental map of how the physical elements of Davis-Monthan AFB create a sense of place. This sense of place is formed by elements such as districts, paths, edges, nodes, and landmarks. Together these elements create an individual’s understanding of Davis-Monthan AFB.

In addition to the elements mentioned above, the mental map often includes ambiguities and areas of conflict such as adjacencies of incompatible land use. Lack of distinctiveness also plays into our perception, along with way-finding issues, ill-defined boundaries, isolation of uses or activities, and lack of character. In general, well-defined elements serve to create a more distinct, memorable and enjoyable place. Lack of distinctiveness or character can be easily resolved through the introduction of strong physical elements in new development.

Kevin Lynch, the well-known urban planner and author of The Image of the City, refers to this opportunity as “imageability”, where the “quality of the physical object” can be created to provide a “strong, vivid image” of the place. This installation image discussion provides insight into the existing conditions found on base, specifically in areas where new development can be accommodated.

2.1 Installation Context

The fundamental tenets of SD&HPGBD should be integral to all planning, design, and construction decision making. In addition to the guidance provided in this Handbook, Davis-Monthan AFB master planners and designers must be familiar with all other relevant documentation, including but not limited to the eGP, Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP), and Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP). The following is a brief overview of the base, which is derived from these and other relevant installation documents.

Davis-Monthan AFB is located within the Sonoran Desert Region of southern Arizona at geographical coordinates 32° 9′ 59″ N, 110° 52′ 59″ W. Terrain is generally flat and slopes from the southeast to the northwest with elevations ranging from 2,550 feet above mean sea level (MSL) on the west side of the base, to 2,950 feet above MSL on the east side.

The arid climate, combined with its high altitude, creates an ideal environment for flight operations and aircraft storage, as well as for outdoor

2-2

Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

d. Create efficient, functioning, low maintenance, and economic solutions for work and living environments in the hot and arid environment.

The Sonoran Desert home of Davis-Monthan AFB dictates environmentally responsive design solutions to implement facilities, site development and movement on base. Appropriate climatic response should be explored in areas of site configuration, building orientation and massing, fenestration, materials, and methods of construction.

e. Encourage outdoor activities and pedestrian movement that enhance quality of life. For much of the year, the base experiences mild weather which is conducive to healthy, outdoor activities.

Linking community facilities, workplaces and residential areas with outdoor activities and other green infrastructure and will promote quality of life at the base.

2.3 Installation Development

In 1925, Tucson’s City Council purchased 1,280 acres of land southeast of town to relocate the city’s municipal airport. In April 1941, the airport was officially activated as an Army Air Base and was named Davis-Monthan Field later that same year. During World War II, the base mission was training; at war’s end, the mission transitioned to separation and aircraft storage. The Strategic Air Command (SAC) ushered in the Cold War era when in March 1946, the newly activated SAC assumed control. Following the establishment of the USAF, in September 1947, Davis-Monthan Field was officially redesignated Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. Three strategic wings were established in the 1960’s. In July 1971, the Air Force reactivated the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing at and in October 1976, the base was transferred to Tactical Air Command.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Arms Reduction was the base focus. Post-Cold War, the base supported the Air Expeditionary Force. In October 1991, the 355th Tactical Fighter Wing was redesignated as the 355th Wing.

In May 1992, the Air Force policy of “one base-one boss” was implemented. The 355th Wing became the host wing and the base realigned the newly formed ACC. On April 26, 2007, the 355th Wing was designated the 355th Fighter Wing. Today, the 355th Fighter Wing, along with their tenant organizations, make up the 6,100 military and 1,700 civilian personnel of Davis-Monthan AFB.

guidance that supports incorporation of green design strategies. These measures set the stage for further exploration into how designers can achieve exemplary levels of “greenness” in their projects, meet Federal requirements, and strive to meet local installation Environmental Management System (EMS) goals.

b. Promote redevelopment of previously developed sites and reuse of existing buildings. Davis- Monthan AFB can be characterized as having substantial mission driven needs, combined with limited land availability. Continue to explore site redevelopment opportunities within the Town Center, Flight Line and AMARG Districts. Site redevelopment reduces project costs, uses existing utilities systems, and creates a more compact, linked built environment.

c. Support the Southwest Style and provide a cohesive base appearance as an installation, rather than separate facilities. Explore and create new environmental and contextual responses in future development. Over recent years, the base has been developing an installation design palette following the Southwest Style. This palette is characterized by inclusion of deeply recessed windows, large overhangs, thick masonry walls, and trellis solar shading. Outdoor spaces such as courtyards and ramadas are shaded and sheltered from the sun. The Southwest Style is responsive to issues of both place and function. The Southwest has a long and distinctive architectural history closely linked to the environment, with pioneering efforts in solar design.

Photo 2.1 Ramada

2-3

Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Photo 2.2 Flight Line District

This district is primarily comprised of large scale, utilitarian buildings which are surrounded by pavement and parking areas. There is typically little attention to landscaping and other site amenities in this area. However, administration facilities such as the Squadron Operations facilities are smaller in scale and have a higher level of detail and landscape treatments. Noise is a major concern in this area due to its inclusion of the aircraft functions.

The Headquarters District includes areas that are directly related to the daily operations and functions of the 12th Air Force. It also includes administrative spaces, public service facilities, and commercial buildings to support this function. This district is immediately adjacent to the main gate bounded by Golf Links Road to the north, Sunglow Road to the west, Arizola Street to the south, and the family housing area to the east. The 12th Air Force Headquarters building is characterized by a standing seam metal roof in a bronze/copper color, Photo 2.3 12th Air Force Headquarters

As described above, over the years, the base has received various new missions bringing with them new building programs. Davis-Monthan AFB’s unique location on the southern US border is a prime location, desirable for many missions.

Accommodating these incoming missions into an integrated base has been achieved through establishing a cohesive built environment that stresses compatibility. New development should reflect this approach while implementing SD&HPGBD strategies.

The base is divided into visually separate districts, each with its own character with regard to activities, functions and location. Architectural elements establish the physical appearance and character of these districts.

2.3.1 Image Elements

Installation image elements include districts, paths, edges, nodes and landmarks. They create the basic pattern of installation form and the way we perceive and relate to Davis-Monthan AFB. Figures 2.1 and

2.2 demonstrate the districts. Figure 2.3 provides the installation image.

2.3.2 Districts

Districts are areas of an installation, usually larger in size, that are held together by a common identifiable character. While varied uses exist in multiple districts, the areas are generally distinct and uniform in their individual land use and appearance.

Each new project has the opportunity to add to the sense of place by reinforcing existing elements or exploring new elements. Due to their scale, districts will incorporate some or all other image elements.

Davis-Monthan AFB has distinct character areas or districts, which serve also as zoning demarcations.

These districts, which are identified in Figures 2.1 and 2.2, include the Flight Line, Headquarters, Industrial, Medical, Housing, Town Center, and AMARG. The term “main base” refers to the base area and does not include the AMARG District.

The Flight Line District is located in the northwest section of the base and is bounded to the west and south by the main runway and adjacent tarmacs, to the north by Sunglow Road, and to the east by Yuma Street. The district includes areas directly related to the daily operation and functions of the 355th Fighter Wing and the 12th Air Force including, but not limited to, runways, aircraft hangars, maintenance and storage facilities, and some office functions.

2-4

Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

KEY

Gate

Installation Boundary

Housing

Flight Line

Headquarters

Industrial

Town Center

Medical

AMARG

Districts

Craycroft Gate

Swan Gate

Wimot Gate

Irvington Gate

Proposed South Gate

2-5

DAVIS-MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE

Districts

Figure 2.1

2-6

2-7

Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Figure 2.2 Districts and Tenants Enlargement

US Border Patrol

Fighter

Wing

AZ ANG

943rd Rescue Group 372nd

Training Squad Det 11 355th

Fighter Wing HQ

355th Mission Support

Group

355th Maintenance

Group

355th Operations

Group

355th Medical

Group

Wilmot Gate

12th Air Force

Heritage Park

Golf Course

FAA

55th Electronic Combat Group

Snowbird Operations

Craycroft Gate

HEADQUARTERS

Cr ay cr oft

R oa d

Sunglow Road

Quijota Blvd

Yum a Street

Arizola Street

Picacho Street

W ilm ot R oa d

HOUSING

TOWN CENTER

INDUSTRIAL

TOWN

CENTERFLIGHT LINE

AMARG

MEDICAL

KEY

Observed Land Use

Commercial / Retail

Recreation / Leisure

Residential

Civic - Community Service

Industrial / Support

Mission

Medical

District Boundary

Installation Boundary

Fi rs t S tr ee t

Fi ft h St re et

DAVIS-MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE

Districts and Tenants Enlargement

Figure 2.2

2-8

Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2) 2-9

DAVIS-MONTHAN AIR FORCE BASE

Installation Image: Main Base Enlargement

Yuma Street Fi fth S tr ee t

Fi rs t S tr ee t

Ironwood Street

Arizola St Quijota Blvd

Picacho Street

Phoenix Street

Madera Street

Sunglow Road

W ilm ot R oa d

Solar Arrays

AMARG

Aircraft Storage

Wilmot Gate

Craycroft Gate

Swan Gate

Golf Course

Heritage Park

Arroyo

355th Fighter Wing HQ

Water Tower

12th Air Force

Water Tower

KEY

Arroyo

Activity Node

Gate

Landmark

Existing Trail

Conflict Area

Edge

Pedestrian Path

Installation Boundary

View Shed

Destination Building

Bike Path

B

B

C

A Fitness

Retail/Services

Transient Quarters

Mission

Activity Nodes and Associated Destination Buildings

A

C

D

SchoolE

RecreationF

School G

DormitoriesH

CES CompoundI

CommunityJ

Recreation K

Flight Line

Other Destination Buildings

L

D

E

F

G

H

I

J K

L

3 4

15 16

36 37

40 355th CES

5 Benko Fitness Center

6 355th Fighter Wing HQ 7 Mission Support Group

8 Child Development Center

9 Child Development Center

10 Commissary

11 Haeffner Gym

12 Professional Development Center

13 Bowling Center

14 Base Exchange

15 Chapel

16 Chapel 17 Shoppette

18 Airman & Family Support Center

19 Family Housing Office

20 VQ

21 VQ

22 Mirage Club

23 DVQ

24 Sonoran Science Academy 25 Youth Activities Center

27 Youth Center 28 Outdoor Rec Pool

29 Frank Borman Elementary School

30 Dining Facility

32 Dormitory

31 Visiting Airmen Quarters

33 Dormitory 34 Dormitory

Dormitory

Dormitory

Dormitory Dormitory

Dormitory

Squad Ops53

Squad Ops54

Squad Ops51

Squad Ops52

43 Racquetball Courts

44 Golf Course Clubhouse

45 Community Center

46 Outdoor Recreation

57 Skills Development Center

41 Post Office Mental Health Center42

Communications Squadron1

2 Squad Ops

Squad Ops48

Base Operations50

Deployment Processing49

3 AF South Squad Ops

4 12th Air Force

26 Shoppette FAM CAMP57

55 Medical Clinic

56 Medical Clinic

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

2-10

2-11

Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona: Installation Development and Design (ID2)

The Housing District occupies the area bounded by the golf course to the south, Golf Links and Wilmot Roads to the north and east, and Eleventh Street, roughly, to the west.