Attachment 13- UFC 4-022-03 Security engineering fences gates and guard facilities.pdf

UFC 4-022-03

14 June 2007

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

SECURITY ENGINEERING:

FENCES, GATES, AND GUARD

FACILITIES

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A; Approved for Public Release;

Distribution unlimited

SECURITY ENGINEERING: FENCES, GATES, AND GUARD FACILITIES

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND (Preparing Activity)

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://www.wbdg.org/ccb.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

Donald L. Basham, P.E.

Chief, Engineering and Construction Division U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Steven R. Iselin, P.E.

Chief Engineer Naval Facilities Engineering Command

Kathleen I. Ferguson, P.E.

The Deputy Civil Engineer DCS/Installations & Logistics Department of the Air Force

Dr. Get W. Moy, P.E.

Director, Installations Requirements and Management Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment)

NEW DOCUMENT SUMMARY SHEET

Document: UFC 4-022-03, Security Engineering: Fences, Gates, and Guard Facilities Superseding: Military Handbook 1013/10, Design Guidelines for Security Fencing, Gates, Barriers, and Guard Facilities.

Document Description and Need:

• Purpose: This UFC provides a unified approach for the design, selection, and installation of security fences, gates, and guard facilities associated with Department of Defense (DoD) facilities.

• Application and Use: Commanders, security personnel, planners, designers, architects, and engineers should use this UFC when evaluating existing and providing new security fencing, gates, and guard facilities for the installation perimeter as required. That design criteria should be developed using the risk and threat analysis process in UFC 4-020-01. Criteria in this UFC apply to facilities that require perimeter boundaries and/or restricted area enclosures based on current Service policies, location of facility, and threat level. Security specialists shall provide all risk and threat assessments. This UFC is intended to be used in performing detailed design of countermeasures previously identified during preliminary design using UFC 4-020-02.

• Need: This UFC is one in a series of security engineering Unified Facilities Criteria that address minimum standards, planning, preliminary design, and detailed design for security and antiterrorism. The manuals in this series are designed to be used sequentially by a diverse audience to facilitate development of projects throughout the design cycle. The manuals in the security engineering series include the following:

o UFC 4-010-01: DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings o UFC 4-020-01: DoD Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual o UFC 4-020-02: DoD Security Engineering Facilities Design Manual o Security Engineering Support Manuals more specifically with UFC 4-

022-01: Security Engineering Entry Control Points/Access Control Points and UFC 4-022-02: Selection and Design of Vehicle Barriers.

This UFC is one of the security engineering support manuals, and as such is intended to be used to refine preliminary designs developed using UFC 4-020-02, .

Impact: The following will result from publication of this UFC:

• The approach to designing fences, gates and guard facilities will be standardized among the Services.

• Separate Service manuals that included conflicting guidance will be disestablished.

• Use of this manual will not result in any adverse impacts on environmental, sustainability, or constructability policies or practices.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................1-1

1.1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................1-1

1.2 PURPOSE .....................................................................................................1-1

1.3 SCOPE AND GUIDANCE..............................................................................1-1

1.4 CRITERIA DOCUMENTATION......................................................................1-1

1.5 NATO CRITERIA ...........................................................................................1-2

1.6 MANDATE .....................................................................................................1-2

1.7 APPLICABILITY.............................................................................................1-2

1.8 IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................1-2

1.9 SECURITY ENGINEERING UFC SERIES ....................................................1-2

CHAPTER 2 FENCING ................................................................................................2-1

2.1 FENCING OVERVIEW...................................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Entry Control Facilities/Access Control Points ...............................................2-1

2.1.2 Natural Barriers..............................................................................................2-1

2.1.3 Material Selection and Coatings ....................................................................2-1

2.2 LEVELS OF PROTECTION...........................................................................2-1

2.3 CHAIN LINK FENCING..................................................................................2-6

2.3.1 Chain Link Fencing Fabric .............................................................................2-6

2.3.2 Fencing Components, Fittings and Accessories ............................................2-7

2.3.3 Conventional Arms and Ammunition Storage Areas ......................................2-7

2.3.4 Nuclear Requirements ...................................................................................2-8

2.3.5 Airport Requirements .....................................................................................2-8

2.4 ORNAMENTAL FENCE.................................................................................2-8

2.5 WELDED WIRE MESH FABRIC FENCING...................................................2-8

2.5.1 Fence Components, Fittings and Accessories ...............................................2-9

2.6 EXPANDED METAL FENCING .....................................................................2-9

2.6.1 Retrofitting Existing Fencing ..........................................................................2-9

2.6.2 Fence Components, Fittings and Accessories ...............................................2-9

2.7 FARM-STYLE FENCE ...................................................................................2-9

2.8 EXPEDITIONARY PERIMETER FENCING .................................................2-10

2.9 FENCE FABRIC HEIGHT ............................................................................2-10

2.10 TOP GUARDS .............................................................................................2-10

2.10.1 Outriggers.................................................................................................2-10

2.10.2 Barbed Wire and Barbed Tape Concertina...............................................2-11

2.11 GROUNDING...............................................................................................2-11

2.12 REINFORCEMENT FOR FENCING ............................................................2-12

2.12.1 Deadman Anchor .....................................................................................2-12

2.13 CLEAR ZONES............................................................................................2-13

2.14 ELECTRONIC SECURITY SYSTEMS.........................................................2-14

2.14.1 General Conduit Locations .......................................................................2-14

2.14.2 Taut-Wire..................................................................................................2-15

2.15 SPECIAL SECURITY FEATURES...............................................................2-15

2.15.1 Double Fence Lines..................................................................................2-15 ii

2.15.2 Patrol Roads.............................................................................................2-15

2.15.3 Drainage Culverts and Utility Openings....................................................2-15

2.15.4 Drainage Crossings..................................................................................2-18

2.15.5 Tunneling Prevention................................................................................2-20

2.16 FORCE PROTECTION................................................................................2-20

2.17 SIGNAGE.....................................................................................................2-20

2.18 EXTERIOR SECURITY LIGHTING..............................................................2-21

2.19 FLIGHT LINE REQUIREMENT....................................................................2-21

CHAPTER 3 GATES....................................................................................................3-1

3.1 GATES OVERVIEW ......................................................................................3-1

3.2 PERSONNEL GATES....................................................................................3-1

3.2.1 Single Swing Gates........................................................................................3-1

3.2.2 Turnstile (Rotational) Gates ...........................................................................3-2

3.3 VEHICULAR GATES .....................................................................................3-2

3.3.1 Sliding Gates..................................................................................................3-2

3.3.1.1 Single Wheel-Supported (V-groove) Sliding Gate ......................................3-3

3.3.2 Cantilevered Gates ........................................................................................3-3

3.3.2.1 Single Cantilevered Gate............................................................................3-3

3.3.2.2 Double Cantilevered Gate ..........................................................................3-3

3.3.3 Double Swing Gates ......................................................................................3-3

3.3.4 Overhead Gates.............................................................................................3-5

3.3.4.1 Single Overhead Supported Gate ..............................................................3-5

3.3.4.2 Double Overhead Supported Gate (Biparting) Gate...................................3-5

3.3.5 Vertical Lift Gate ............................................................................................3-5

3.4 GATE REINFORCEMENT.............................................................................3-5

3.5 LATCHES, HINGES, STOPS ETC. ...............................................................3-8

3.6 LOCKING SYSTEM .......................................................................................3-8

3.7 GATE POWER-OPERATORS.......................................................................3-8

3.7.1 Sliding Gate Power-Operators .......................................................................3-8

3.7.2 Swing Gate Power-Operators ........................................................................3-8

3.7.3 Gate Power-Operator Peripherals..................................................................3-9

CHAPTER 4 GUARD FACILITIES ...............................................................................4-1

4.1 SENTRY/GUARD BOOTHS AND GATEHOUSES ........................................4-1

4.1.1 General ..........................................................................................................4-1

4.1.2 Gatehouse .....................................................................................................4-2

4.1.3 Sentry/Guard Booth .......................................................................................4-2

4.1.4 Overwatch Position ........................................................................................4-2

4.1.5 Site-Built Structures .......................................................................................4-3

4.1.5.1 Structure Size.............................................................................................4-3

4.1.5.2 Construction ...............................................................................................4-3

4.1.5.3 Physical Security and Protective Design ....................................................4-3

4.1.5.4 Windows.....................................................................................................4-4

4.1.5.5 Floors .........................................................................................................4-4

4.1.5.6 Environmental Control ................................................................................4-4

4.2 PREFABRICATED STRUCTURES................................................................4-5

4.3 LIGHTING......................................................................................................4-5

4.4 GROUNDING.................................................................................................4-5 iii

4.5 UTILITIES ......................................................................................................4-5

4.6 COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS ..........................................................4-5

4.7 OVERHEAD CANOPY...................................................................................4-5

4.8 PARKING.......................................................................................................4-6

4.9 GUARD TOWERS .........................................................................................4-6

4.9.1 Location and Height .......................................................................................4-6

4.9.2 Site Built Structures .......................................................................................4-6

4.9.2.1 Structure Size.............................................................................................4-6

4.9.2.2 Construction ...............................................................................................4-7

4.9.2.3 Windows.....................................................................................................4-7

4.9.2.4 Stairs and Ladders .....................................................................................4-7

4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL......................................................................4-7

4.11 PREFABRICATED STRUCTURES................................................................4-7

4.12 LIGHTING......................................................................................................4-7

4.13 GROUNDING.................................................................................................4-8

4.14 FORTIFICATION ...........................................................................................4-8

4.15 COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS ..........................................................4-8

GLOSSARY

APPENDIX A – REFERENCES

APPENDIX B - FENCE AND GATE NOTIONAL DESIGN DETAILS

APPENDIX C - GUARD FACILITY NOTIONAL LAYOUTS

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1: General Chain-Link Fence Components ....................................................2-6

Figure 2-2: Steel Cable-Reinforced Chain Link Fence ...............................................2-12

Figure 2-3: Deadman Anchor Detail ...........................................................................2-13

Figure 2-4: Large Culvert with Short Pipes.................................................................2-16

Figure 2-5: Steel Culvert Grill .....................................................................................2-17

Figure 2-6: Concrete Culvert Grill...............................................................................2-17

Figure 2-7: Debris Catcher Details .............................................................................2-18

Figure 2-8: Swale Crossing with Ground Stakes........................................................2-19

Figure 2-9: Swale Crossing Embedded in Concrete...................................................2-19

Figure 2-10: Bar Grill Embedded in Concrete ............................................................2-20

Figure 3-1: Single Swing Gate .....................................................................................3-1

Figure 3-2: Turnstile Gate Detail .................................................................................3-2

Figure 3-3: Single Cantilevered Gate ..........................................................................3-4

Figure 3-4: Double Cantilevered Gate..........................................................................3-4

Figure 3-5: Double Swing Gate ....................................................................................3-5

Figure 3-6: Cable Reinforcement for a Vertical Lift Gate..............................................3-6

Figure 3-7: Cable Reinforcement for a Sliding Gate.....................................................3-7

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Chain Link Fencing Types, Materials and Uses .............................................2-2

Table 2: Protection Levels and Criteria ........................................................................2-2

Table 3: Restricted Area Levels, Descriptions and Examples ......................................2-3

Table 4: Gate Post Foundations...................................................................................3-3

Table 5: Thickness of Common Materials for Resistance Against UL 752 Level III ....4-3

Table 6: Thickness of Common Materials for Resistance Against UL 752 Level V .....4-4

1-1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Security fences, gates, and guard facilities are installed and used primarily to define the perimeter of a restricted area, and to provide a physical and psychological deterrent to entry while serving notice that entry is not freely permitted. These facilities, in conjunction with personnel and procedures, are instrumental in preventing accidental entry, optimizing security force operations, and enhancing detection and apprehension, while directing and controlling the flow of personnel and vehicles through designated portals.

1.2 PURPOSE

This document is to provide a unified approach for the design, selection, and installation of security fences, gates, and guard facilities associated with Department of Defense (DoD) facilities. The examples provided in the UFC are for illustration only and shall be modified and adapted to satisfy installation specific constraints. This document is not intended to address procedural issues such as threat levels or to provide specific design criteria such as impact forces.

This UFC was developed by consolidating and refining criteria from USCE Protective Design Center, Security Engineering Work Group (SEWG); Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM), Engineering Innovation and Criteria Office, and available military, government, and commercial sources that are listed in Appendix A of this document.

1.3 SCOPE AND GUIDANCE

Commanders, security personnel, planners, designers, architects, and engineers should use this UFC when evaluating existing and providing new security fencing, gates, and guard facilities. Technical information considered generally known to professional designers, architects, engineers, or readily available in technical references (Unified Facility Criteria, Military Handbooks, Technical Manuals, etc.)

has not been included.

Note: Where one or more Service’s criteria vary from the other Services’ criteria, it is noted in the text with the (Service Exception) symbol. Within the symbol, the Service applicable to the exception will be indicated by “A” for Department of the Army, “AF” for Department of Air Force, “N” for Department of the Navy, and “MC” for Department of the Navy – Marine Corps.

These criteria are strongly suggested and should not be overlooked without prior approval from the component office of responsibility:

• U.S. Air Force: Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency, Technical Support Directorate

(HQAFCESA/CES)

• U.S. Navy: Naval Facilities Engineering Command, NAVFAC-Atlantic, Capital Improvements Anti- Terrorism Force Protection (CIATFP)

• U.S. Army: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Directorate of Civil Works, Engineering and Construction (HQ

USACE/CECW-E)

• U.S. Marine Corps: Commandant of the Marine Corps, Headquarters U.S. Marine Corps, Security Division (PS)

1.4 CRITERIA DOCUMENTATION

Where criteria documentation such as Unified Facility Criteria and military instructions, handbooks, technical manuals, etc., is cited, the latest version shall be used.

SE

1-2

1.5 NATO CRITERIA

The criteria authorized or directed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) may be different from the criteria provided in this document. NATO criteria must be obtained to assure that specified NATO security requirements are met when designing security components for facilities in Europe.

1.6 MANDATE

Criteria in this Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) are mandated for use by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD); the Military Departments (including National Guard and Reserve Components); the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff and Joint Staff; the Combatant Commands; the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense; the Defense Agencies; DoD Field Activities; and all other organizational entities within DoD, hereafter referred to collectively as “DoD Components.”

1.7 APPLICABILITY

Criteria in this UFC apply to facilities that require perimeter boundaries and/or restricted area enclosures based on current Service policies, location of facility, and threat level. Security specialists shall provide all risk and threat assessments.

1.8 IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation of an effective security measure in the form of fencing, gates, and guard facilities requires coordinated efforts of engineering, security personnel, and the commanding officer of the facility.

Coordination is necessary to produce a design that is practical, cost effective, and meets the requirements for security based on the threat level, local conditions, and applicable directives.

1.9 SECURITY ENGINEERING UFC SERIES

This UFC is one of a series of security engineering unified facilities criteria documents that cover minimum standards, planning, preliminary design, and detailed design for security and antiterrorism. The manuals in this series are designed for a diverse audience to facilitate development of projects throughout the design cycle. The manuals in this series include the following:

1-9.1 DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings.

UFC 4-010-01 and UFC 4-010-02 establish standards that provide minimum levels of protection against terrorist attacks for the occupants of all DoD inhabited buildings.

Those UFC are for use by security and antiterrorism personnel and design teams to identify the minimum requirements that must be incorporated into the design of all new construction and major renovations of inhabited DoD buildings. They also include recommendations that should be, but are not required to be incorporated into all such buildings.

1-9.2 DoD Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual.

UFC 4-020-01 presents processes for developing the design criteria necessary to incorporate security and antiterrorism into DoD facilities and for identifying the cost implications of applying those design criteria. Those design criteria may be limited to the requirements of the minimum standards, or they may include protection of assets other than those addressed in the minimum standards (people), aggressor tactics that are not

1-3 addressed in the minimum standards, or levels of protection beyond those required by the minimum standards. The cost implications for security and antiterrorism are addressed as cost increases over conventional construction for common construction types. The construction components represented by those cost increases are tabulated for reference, but they represent only representative construction that will meet the requirements of the design criteria and should not be construed to limit designers’ options for providing required levels of protection. The manual also includes a means to assess the tradeoffs between cost and risk. UFC 4-020-01 is for use by planners as well as security and antiterrorism personnel with support from planning team members.

1-9.3 DoD Security Engineering Facilities Design Manual.

UFC 4-020-02 provides interdisciplinary design guidance for developing preliminary systems of countermeasures to implement the design criteria established using UFC 4- 020-01. Those countermeasures include building and site elements, equipment, and the supporting manpower and procedures necessary to make them all work as a system.

The information in UFC 4-020-02 provides sufficient detail to support concept level project development, and as such can provide a good basis for a more detailed design.

The manual also provides a process for assessing the impact of countermeasures on risk. The primary audience for the reference UFC 4-020-02 is the design team, but it will also be useful to security and antiterrorism personnel.

1-9.4 Security Engineering Support Manuals.

In addition to the standards, planning, and design UFC mentioned above, there is a series of additional UFC that provide detailed design guidance for developing final designs based on the preliminary designs developed using UFC 4-020-02. These support manuals, of which this UFC is one, provide specialized, discipline specific design guidance. Some address specific tactics such as direct fire weapons, forced entry, or airborne contamination. Others address limited aspects of design such as resistance to progressive collapse or design of portions of buildings such as mailrooms.

Still others address details of designs for specific countermeasures such as vehicle barriers or fences. The Security Engineering Support Manuals are intended for use by the design team during the development of design packages.

2-1

CHAPTER 2 FENCING

2.1 FENCING OVERVIEW

Fencing is primarily used to define perimeters; however, Department of Defense (DoD) and Service regulations require fencing to be provided for certain restricted areas. DoD and Service policies will be addressed to establish fencing requirements. This UFC will focus on the requirements for security fences, however, the information and notional design details presented within may also be used for general or perimeter fencing. Modifications to existing security fencing are not required to meet the new criteria if the existing fencing provides an equivalent or greater penetration resistance.

The following documents provide Service policies and additional criteria for security fencing:

OPNAVINST 5530.14C, Navy Physical Security Manual MCO P5530.14, Marine Corps Physical Security Program Manual AR 190-11, Physical Security of AA&E AR 190-16, Physical Security UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning Design UFC 3-530-01, Design: Interior, Exterior Lighting and Controls UFC 4-021-02NF, Security Engineering: Electronic Security Systems UFC 4-022-01, Security Engineering: Entry Control Facilities/Access Control Points UFC 4-022-02, Security Engineering: Design and Selection of Vehicular Barriers UFC 4-025-01, Design for Waterfront Security UFC 4-027-01, Design to Mitigate Terrorist Attacks in Expeditionary Environments UFC 4-141-10N, Design: Aviation Operation and Support Facilities UFC 4-150-06, Military Harbors and Coastal Facilities

Standard fencing drawings applicable to the following criteria are provided in Appendix B.

2.1.1 Entry Control Facilities/Access Control Points

Fencing incorporated with entry control facilities (ECF)/access control points (ACP) should meet the minimum requirements established for the perimeter fencing.

2.1.2 Natural Barriers

Natural barriers may be used in place of perimeter or security fencing if they provide equal or greater protection. Barriers, which may be able to provide this protection, include, but are not limited to beaches, waterways, densely wooded areas, cliffs, and mountains. Only the Commanding Officer should make this determination as all sites differ.

2.1.3 Material Selection and Coatings

Local environments should be considered during the selection of material for the fencing components as well as coatings to provide additional protection against corrosion. Color polymer and other coatings on fencing fabric, fittings, framework, and gates may be applied to enhance visibility and provide greater corrosion resistance, especially in salt-water environments.

2.2 LEVELS OF PROTECTION

Levels of protection as identified by Services in various formats are provided herein.

Minimum requirements for fencing types and protection levels are listed in Table 1 and Table 2. AF

2-2

Table 1: Chain Link Fencing Types, Materials and Uses

Type of Fencing Fence Materials and Installation Details Typical Uses

Type A Chain link, 2 inch (50 mm) square mesh, woven 9 gage (without coating) (3.76 mm or

0.148 inch) steel wire fabric, 7 feet (2.1m) high, surmounted by 3 strands of barbed wire, angled outward at 45 degrees for a total height of 8 feet (2.4 m)

• Nuclear weapon storage areas

• Aircraft parking areas

• Areas with high mission or monetary value

• Barrier between flight line activities and cantonment and base or immediately contiguous housing areas

Type A1 Chain link, 7 feet (2.1m) high, surmounted by 6 strands of barbed wire, 3 on each side of a "Y"-shaped outrigger, for a total height of 8 feet (2.4 m)

• Nuclear weapons storage areas

• Alert aircraft areas

Type A2 Chain link, 6 feet (1.8 m) high, surmounted by 3 strands of barbed wire, angled outward for a total height of 7 feet (2.1 m)

• Areas with high mission or monetary value

• Barriers between flight line activities and the base cantonment or housing areas

Type B Barbed wire, 3 or 4 strand, 4 feet (1.2 m) high.

• Extension of flight line area barriers

• Perimeter boundary for isolated portions of installations

• Livestock barrier (4 strands of barbed wire)

• Area boundary for on-base bulk material storage areas

Type C Concertina Wire, 3 feet (915 mm) in diameter, used in multiple stacked coils

• Extra protection/delays

Table 2: Protection Levels and Criteria

Protection Level Threat Level Criteria

PL 1 Loss, theft, destruction, misuse, or compromise would result in great harm to the strategic capability of the United States. This level of security must result in the greatest possible deterrence against hostile acts.

PL 2 Loss, theft, destruction, misuse, or compromise would cause significant harm to the war-fighting capability of the United States. This level of security must result in significant deterrence against hostile acts.

PL 3 Loss, theft, destruction, misuse, or compromise would damage US war-fighting capability. This level of security must result in a reasonable degree of deterrence against hostile acts.

AF All restricted areas should use Type A fencing as a minimum. Installations with Protection Level 1 and 2 (PL1 and PL2) resources require Type A2 fencing as a minimum. Boundary barriers for all restricted areas should be located at least 250 feet from the base perimeter or property line. Areas under PL1 and PL2 should be compelled to install fences around the smallest area needed to contain the resources and meet operational requirements. Entry control should be placed through a single entry point.

Areas under PL3 should be urged to place fencing where it best facilitates movement of personnel and

AF

2-3 equipment while enhancing force protection. Circulation control should be enforced through on-duty user personnel and security forces making periodic checks during normal operations. If a PL3 area is located on a flight line that is located away from the base perimeter and is using Type A fencing at the base perimeter, then it is not necessary to install Type A fencing around the restricted area. If a PL3 area is located on a flight line that is located away from the base perimeter and is not using Type A fencing at the base perimeter, then Type A fencing should be installed between the base perimeter and the restricted area at the most advantageous location around the perimeter of the flight line so it is between the base perimeter and the PL3 area. The boundaries of these restricted areas should also be delineated with elevated barriers or painted lines. PL3 areas located at remote or off-installation sites should consider installing Type A fence around areas to delineate the boundary where circulation controls are applied. Air Force units are directed to refer to AFH 32-1084 and AFI 31-101 for additional guidance concerning Table 1: Chain Link Fencing Type, Materials and Uses and Table 2: Protection Levels and Criteria.

and For security applications, fencing requirements, in addition to current policies, should be evaluated on the security levels and corresponding restricted areas provided in Table 3.

Table 3: Restricted Area Levels, Descriptions and Examples

Restricted Area Level

Level Description Specific Restricted Areas

Level One

The least secure type of restricted area, it contains a security interest that if lost, stolen, compromised, or sabotaged would cause damage to the command mission or national security. It may also serve as a buffer zone for Level Three and Level Two restricted areas, thus providing administrative control, safety, and protection against sabotage, disruption, or potentially threatening acts. Uncontrolled movement may or may not permit access to a security interest or asset.

• Motor pools

• Fuel issue points

• Funds and negotiable instrument storage areas

• Provost Marshal Office Desk Sergeant/Dispatcher Area

• ESS Monitoring Spaces

• Military Working Dog Facilities

Level Two

The second most secure type of restricted area, it may be inside a Level One area, but is never inside a Level Three area. It contains a security interest that if lost, stolen, compromised, or sabotaged would cause serious damage to the command mission or national security. Uncontrolled or unescorted movement could permit access to the security interest.

• Aircraft hangars, ramps, parking aprons, flight lines, and runways

• Aircraft rework areas

• RDT&E Centers

• AA&E storage facilities and processing areas

• Fuel depots and bulk storage tanks

• Communication, computer, and antenna sites

• Power stations, transformers, master valves, and switch spaces

Level Three

The most secure type of restricted area, it may be within less secure types of restricted areas.

It contains a security interest that if lost, stolen, compromised or sabotaged would cause grave damage to the command mission or national security. Access to the Level Three restricted area constitutes, or is considered to constitute, actual access to the security interest or asset.

• Research, testing, storage and maintenance facilities for the following areas:

• Nuclear

• Biological

• Chemical

• Special weapons

MC N MC

2-4

Marine Corps units are directed to refer to MCO P5530.14 for additional requirements and guidance concerning Table 3: Restricted Area Levels, Descriptions, and Examples.

The Level One areas should have the following minimum required security measures:

• Clearly defined and protected perimeter.

• Personal identification and control system for assigned personnel.

• Controlled ingress and egress.

• Controlled admission of individuals who require access for reasons of official business, who render a service, and other visitors as authorized by the Commanding Officer.

• Manual checks for signs of attempted or successful unauthorized entry and other security degrading activities at least once every 12 hours if equipped with an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) or twice every 12 hours otherwise.

Level Two and Three areas should have the following minimum required security measures:

• Clearly defined and protected perimeter.

• Personal identification and control system for assigned personnel.

• Ingress and egress controlled by guards, receptionist, or other trained personnel.

• Restricted admission to individuals that have duty requirements or have been authorized in writing by the Commanding Officer.

• Manual checks for signs of attempted or successful unauthorized entry and other security degrading activities at least once every 12 hours if equipped Intrusion Detection System (IDS) or twice every 12 hours otherwise.

The Level One areas should have the following minimum required security measures:

• A clearly defined perimeter.

• Admission of individuals who require access for reasons of official business, who render a service, and other visitors as authorized by Commanding Officer.

• Secured during non-working hours.

• Manual checks for signs of attempted or successful unauthorized entry and other security degrading activities at least once every 12 hours if not adequately equipped with an operational

ESS.

The Level Two areas should have the following minimum required safety measures:

• A clearly defined and protected perimeter. The perimeter will be a fence or the exterior walls of a building or structure. If the defined and protected perimeter is the outside walls of a space within a building or structure, it must be inside a Level One restricted area.

• Admission only to personnel whose duties require access and who have been authorized in writing by the Commanding Officer. Controlled admission of individuals who require access for reasons of official business, who render a service, and other visitors as authorized by the Commanding Officer. Such persons and all other visitors will be escorted by an authorized/cleared activity escort at all times, and the security interest will be protected from compromise.

• A personal identification and access control system (an automated access control system with the capability of recording ingress and egress may be used to accomplish this) is required. All visitors will be logged in and out in an entry/departure log at all times.

• Secured during non-working hours

• When secured, checked once per 12-hour shift if adequately equipped with an operational ESS, or twice per 12-hour shift for those facilities without an operational IDS. Security force personnel will check for signs of attempted or successful unauthorized entry, and for other activities that could degrade the security of the restricted area.

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The Level Three areas should have the following minimum required safety measures:

• A clearly defined and protected perimeter. The perimeter will be a fence or the exterior walls of a building or structure. If the defined and protected perimeter is the outside walls of a space within a building or structure, it must be inside a Level One or Two restricted area.

• Ingress and egress controlled by guards or appropriately trained and cleared personnel.

• Admission only to personnel whose duties require access and who have been authorized in writing by the Commanding Officer. Controlled admission of individuals who require access for reasons of official business, who render a service, and other visitors as authorized by the Commanding Officer. Such persons and all other visitors will be escorted by an authorized/cleared activity escort at all times, and the security interest will be protected from compromise.

• A personal identification and access control system (an automated access control system with the capability of recording ingress and egress may be used to accomplish this) is required. An access list and entry/departure will be used for all personnel at all times.

• Secured during non-working hours. When secured, an operational ESS, or security personnel must control access to the area.

• When secured, checked twice per 12-hour shift if adequately equipped with an operational ESS, or twice per 8-hour shift for those facilities without an operational IDS. Security force personnel will check for signs of attempted or successful unauthorized entry, and for other activities that could degrade the security of the restricted area.

MC and The perimeter may be a fence, exterior walls of a building or structure, or outside walls of a space within a building or structure. Inner and outer security clear zones are to be provided according to service requirements. The personal identification and control system may be electronic with the capability of recording the ingress and egress. If a computer access control or logging system is used, it must be safeguarded against tampering. Ingress and egress entrance areas must be controlled by an electronic security system or security personnel at all secured times. All visitors should be logged in and out in an entry/departure log. The frequency at which visitors are logged in and out rests with the installation commander. Visitors for all three levels must be escorted and the security interest must be protected from compromise. For Levels Two and Three, the escort must be authorized and cleared for the visitor’s activity.

Fencing should be kept at a minimum distance of 14 feet (4.3 m) from all tree limbs and adjacent site elements to prevent an aid to climbing. Any fencing using an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) should be designed to have minimal possibilities of vibrations by maintaining fabric tension. Additional fortification measures of perimeter security are requested to be implemented when soil conditions permit ease of tunneling under the fence line. Soft or shifting soil, such as sand, when located along a fence line is compelled to have a soils engineering analysis conducted on it, and be able to provide at least 15 seconds of tunneling resistance.

Area with water boundaries should be protected by barriers with proper signs, as indicated in the Signage section. High threat areas, activities, or installations may consider using patrol craft for additional protection. When weather does not permit patrol craft, an increase in all other security measures (waterfront patrols, watch towers, military working dog teams, and other security systems) may be considered as an alternative.

Dual fencing may be used for added protection and to increase security breach time. They may be considered at the more critical portions of the fence if resources allow. This may also be considered as an effective means for use with an electronic detection system. By detecting the intruder on the first fence, enforcement could be aware before the second fence is breached. Dual fencing can be created by two parallel fences separated by a space large enough to detect an intruder. The separation can also provide access for vehicles and/or military working dogs for security patrols. The space between fences should remain free of obstructions to prevent concealment by an intruder. This space should be maintained and monitored in the same manner as clear zones.

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2.3 CHAIN LINK FENCING

See Figure 2-1 for a standard chain link fence section identifying all of the components. The components include (1) fabric, (2) selvage, (3) corner post, (4) barbed wire, (5) outrigger (barb wire arm), (6) tension wire, (7) hog ring, (9) truss rod, (10) line post, (11) tie wire, (12) tension bar, (13) tension clip, and (14) concrete footing.

Figure 2-1: General Chain-Link Fence Components

2.3.1 Chain Link Fencing Fabric

Fencing fabric wire gage and mesh openings are dependent on the type of fence, protection needed, and location of the fence. Fence fabric material should be galvanized steel, PVC coated steel fabric (use PVC coated if located in corrosive environment or where aesthetics are of prime importance), or aluminum coated steel fabric (use aluminum coated if located in corrosive environment). Painting of fence fabric or any fencing components is prohibited; however, in the case of fabric and components that are PVC coated, they should be manufacturers’ standard in color. Fencing fabric should be mounted on steel posts that are set in concrete with additional bracing at corners and gate openings, as necessary. If steel posts are not available, reinforced concrete posts may be used. Posts, bracing, and all other structural members are directed to be placed on the site-side of the fencing fabric. Provide twisted and barbed selvages at the top and bottom of the fence fabric. Fencing fabric can be securely fastened to tension wires on the top and bottom with 9 gage (3.76 mm) galvanized tie wires incorporating at least three full twists, 9 gage round wire galvanized hog rings, or in a manner that provides a tensile strength equal to or greater than the strength of the fencing fabric. Coating on any fasteners or ties must be electrolytically

2-7 compatible with fencing fabric to inhibit corrosion. The fencing fabric should be extended to within 2 inches (51 mm) of firm ground and anchored, if required by service requirements, using horizontal bottom rails, tension wires, concrete curbs, sills, sheet piling, piping or other inexpensive materials. Burying the fabric 12 inches (305 mm) may also be considered; however, corrosion of the buried fabric should be monitored. This anchoring should prevent the fencing fabric from being able to be lifted more than 5 inches (125 mm) in height. Chain-link fabric tautness requirements can be found in UFGS 02821. Mesh openings in chain link fencing are intended to not be covered, blocked, or laced with material which would prevent a clear view of personnel, vehicles, or material in outer clear zones unless an approved waiver or exception is obtained. For facilities located in Europe, the fencing may be a NATO standard design of 2.5

– 3 mm diameter wire with a 3 inch (76 mm) grid opening. ASTM standards A 116, A 392, A 491, A 817, F 668, A 90, A 428, and F 567 should be followed for all materials, installations, and repairs of standard fencing fabric. Fences to be sensor equipped should be constructed to service and sensor manufacturer standards for the system used. Fence requirements for application of fence sensors are covered in UFGS 02821.

Fence fabric should be twisted and barbed on the top selvage and knuckled on the bottom selvage.

Use non-reflective paint for fences to reduce glare that could affect remote camera and visual assessment.

The use of reinforced concrete posts will not be allowed.

and Security fences will be fabricated with 9-gage (3.76 mm) steel wire mesh material with mesh openings not larger than 2 inches per side.

See Appendix B for notional design details of chain link fencing.

2.3.2 Fencing Components, Fittings and Accessories

Provide chain link fencing components and accessories in accordance with ASTM standards F1043, F626, A817, A824, F1083 and F1664. Locate all posts, rails, bracing and tension wires on the site-side, i.e.

inner side, of the fencing fabric. Posts should be vertical within plus or minus 2 degrees in each direction.

Determine the embedment depth of the fence posts and associated footings considering wind load, local soil conditions, and the potential for wind and water erosion. Posts for security fencing must be embedded and encased in concrete according to the notional design details in Appendix B while general fencing shall be in accordance with ASTM F 567.

Steel truss rods used for bracing must have a minimum nominal diameter of 5/16 inch (8 mm) and provided with turnbuckles for tensioning. Provide bracing for each gate, terminal and end post. Install truss rods diagonally from near ground level of the gate, terminal or end post to within 6 inches (152 mm) from the top of the fabric at the adjacent line post.

All fence fittings must be electrolytically compatible with all fence components. Consider securing all fastening and hinge hardware by peening or welding to prevent disassembly of fencing and gate components where warranted by the required level of protection.

and The use of top rails is prohibited.

See Appendix B for notional design details of chain link fencing posts, rails, braces, and tension wires.

2.3.3 Conventional Arms and Ammunition Storage Areas

Fencing fabric should be constructed of a minimum of 9-gage (3.76 mm) wire with mesh openings not larger than 2 inches (51 mm) per side. Provide twisted and barbed selvages at the top and bottom of the fence fabric.