Attach 6 Int Natural Resources Management Plan.pdf

Department of the Air Force

Overseas Integrated Natural and Cultural Resources Management Plan

Moron INCRMP

Installation Supplement

About This Plan

Document Control

ICRMP Approval/Signature Page

Executive Summary

1 Overview and Scope

1.1 Purpose and Scope

1.2 Management Philosophy

1.3 Authority

1.4 Integration with Other Plans

2 Installation Profile

2.1 Installation Overview

2.1.1 Location and Area

2.1.2 Installation History

2.1.3 Military Missions

2.1.4 Natural and Historic and Cultural Resources Needed to Support the Military Mission

2.1.5 Surrounding Communities

2.1.6 Local and Regional Natural and Cultural Areas

2.2 Physical Environment

2.2.1 Climate

2.2.2 Landforms

2.2.3 Geology and Soils

2.2.4 Hydrology

2.3 Ecosystems and the Biotic Environment

2.3.1 Ecosystem Classification

2.3.2 Vegetation

2.3.2.1 Historic Vegetation Cover

2.3.2.2 Current Vegetation Cover

2.3.2.3 Future Vegetation Cover

2.3.2.4 Turf and Landscaped Areas

2.3.3 Fish and Wildlife

2.3.4 Threatened, Endangered, and Host Nation-Protected Species

2.3.5 Wetlands and Floodplains

2.3.6 Other Natural and Historic and Cultural Resource Information

2.4 Mission Impacts on Natural and Historic and Cultural Resources

2.4.1 Natural and Historic and Cultural Resource Constraints to Mission and Mission Planning

2.4.2 Land Use

2.4.3 Current Major Impacts

2.4.4 Potential Future Impacts

3 Environmental Management System

4 General Roles and Responsibilities

5 Training

6 Recordkeeping and Reporting

6.1 Recordkeeping

6.2 Reporting

7 Natural and Cultural Resources Program Management

7.1 Fish and Wildlife Management

7.2 Outdoor Recreation and Access to Natural Resources

7.3 Conservation and Protection Standards Enforcement

7.4 Management of Threatened, Endangered, and Host Nation-Protected Species

7.5 Water Resource Protection

7.6 Wetland Protection

7.7 Grounds Maintenance

7.8 Forest Management

7.9 Wildland Fire Management

7.10 Agricultural Outleasing

7.11 Integrated Pest Management Program

7.12 Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH)

7.13 Coastal Zone and Marine Resources Management

7.14 Natural Hazards

7.15 Communication, Planning, and EIAP

7.16 Historic and Cultural Resources Review Process

7.17 Resources Contracting

7.18 Historic and Cultural Discoveries

7.19 Public Access to Host Nation Sites of Historic, Cultural, or Traditional Importance

7.20 Accidents and Emergencies Affecting Historic and Cultural Resources

7.21 Suspected Vandalism

7.22 Curation of Collections and Records

7.23 Management and Coordination

7.24 Public Outreach

7.25 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

8 Management Goals and Objectives

9 INCRMP Implementation, Update, and Revision Process

9.1 Natural and Cultural Resources Management Staffing and Implementation

9.2 Monitoring INCRMP Implementation

9.3 Annual INCRMP Review and Update Requirements

10 Annual Work Plans

11 References

12 Acronyms

13 Definitions

Appendix A Annotated Summary of Key Legislation Related to Design and Implementation of the INCRMP

ABOUT THIS PLAN

This installation-specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is based on the Department of the Air Force’s (DAF’s) standardized Integrated Natural and Cultural Resources Management Plan (INCRMP) template for installations located outside the United States1.

This INCRMP has been developed in cooperation with applicable stakeholders, including appropriate Host Nation authorities. The INCRMP documents how natural and cultural resources are managed and the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in implementing the INCRMP. Overseas installations will comply with the Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document (OEBGD) and applicable Final Governing Standards (FGS). External resources, including Department of Air Force Instructions (DAFIs), Department of Air Force Manuals (DAFMANs), DAF Playbooks, and Department of Defense (DoD) policy, are referenced where applicable.

Certain sections of this INCRMP begin with standard language that addresses DAF and DoD policy, FGS, and applicable US laws. This common text language is restricted from editing to ensure that it remains standard throughout all plans. The common text language is maintained and updated by the designated Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) with assistance from the Office of Collateral Responsibility (OCR), as appropriate. Immediately following the DAF-wide common text sections are installation content sections that address installation-specific requirements. Installation sections are unrestricted and are maintained and updated by DAF environmental Sections and/or installation personnel.

NOTE: The terms “Natural Resources Manager,” “NRM,” “NRM/POC,” “Cultural Resources Manager,” “CRM,” and “CRM/POC” are used throughout this document to refer to the installation person responsible for the natural and cultural resources program, regardless of whether this person meets the qualifications within the definition of a natural and cultural resources management professional in Department of Defense Instruction (DoDI) 4715.03, Natural Resources Conservation Program, and DoDI 4715.16, Cultural Resources Management.

1 "United States” is defined in DAFI 32-7091, Environmental Management Outside the United States, as “The several States, District of Columbia, Commonwealths of Puerto Rico and Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Midway and Wake Islands, United States Virgin Islands, any other territory or possession of the United States, an associated navigable waters, contiguous zones, and ocean waters of which the natural resources are under the exclusive management authority of the United States.” “Overseas” is used interchangeably with “outside the United States” in this document.

DOCUMENT CONTROL

Standardized INCRMP Template

In accordance with the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) Environmental Directorate (CZ) Business Rule (BR) 08, EMP Review, Update, and Maintenance, the standard content in this INCRMP template is reviewed periodically, updated as appropriate, and approved by the Natural Resources, Cultural Resources, and Environmental Overseas Subject Matter Experts (SME).

This version of the template is current as of 10/11/2024.

https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/471503p.pdf?ver=2019-02-28-120916-070 https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/471516p.pdf?ver=2017-11-21-114100-670 https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a4/publication/dafi32-7091/dafi32-7091.pdf

NOTE: Installations are not required to update their INCRMPs every time this template is updated. When it is time for an INCRMP update, installations should adopt the most recent version of this template available in the Plan Tool.

Installation INCRMP

Record of Review – The INCRMP is updated not less than annually, or as changes to natural and cultural resource management and conservation practices occur, including those driven by changes in applicable regulations. In accordance with DoDI 4715.16; DAFI 32- 7091, Environmental Management Outside the United States; DAFMAN 32-7003, Environmental Conservation (includes Cultural and Natural Resources management), the INCRMP is required to be revised and approved for operation and effect not less than every five years or as required by an applicable FGS. Annual reviews and updates are accomplished by the installation Natural Resources Manager (NRM), the installation Cultural Resources Manager (CRM), and/or the Section Natural and Cultural Resources Media Managers. At a minimum, the installation NRM or CRM conducts an annual review of the INCRMP in coordination with internal stakeholders, where applicable, and accomplishes pertinent updates. Installations will document the findings of the annual review in an Annual INCRMP Review Summary. By signature to the Annual INCRMP Review Summary, the Civil Engineering Squadron Commander asserts concurrence with the findings. Any agreed updates are then made to the document, at a minimum updating the work plans.

ICRMP APPROVAL/SIGNATURE PAGE

Installation Supplement

The plan is to be approved by the ESOHC Chair.

Digital Signature

PARSONS, STEPHEN L Lt Col USAF USAFE 496 ABS/CC PARSONS, STEPHEN L Lt Col USAF USAFE 496 ABS/CC Date: 11/25/2025 7:03:50 pm

PARSONS, STEPHEN L Lt Col USAF USAFE 496 ABS/CC

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Installation Supplement

The Integrated Natural and Cultural Resources Management Plan (INCRMP) for Morón Air Base (AB) is a comprehensive approach to ensure the protection and conservation of both natural and cultural resources on the installation. By integrating protocols from the Natural Resources Management Plan and the Cultural Resources Management Plan, the INCRMP aims to harmonize efforts in managing these vital resources.

The INCRMP is an essential planning tool for making informed decisions with regard to future development of Morón AB and determining the potential effects the proposed actions may have on natural and cultural resources. Acting as a guiding framework, it ensures that natural and cultural resources are managed and taken into consideration into all phases of installation and mission planning.

The INCRMP aligns with the Final Governing Standards-Spain (FGS-S) and applicable Air Force directives to establish a framework for sustainable resource management. It addresses the need to maintain continuity in managing natural resources, establish habitat and species inventories, develop management guidelines for threatened and endangered species, and adhere to strategic management practices.

Furthermore, the plan emphasizes the importance of proper data management, ongoing project monitoring, and knowledge sharing among stakeholders to enhance natural and cultural resources management practices. By outlining specific actions for the 496 Air Base Squadron (ABS), the plan ensures that both natural and cultural resources are integrated into all facets of installation and mission planning processes.

The INCRMP not only provides a baseline description of natural and cultural resources but also outlines coordination procedures with host nations, identifies management concerns, and specifies training requirements. It serves as a crucial tool for informed decision-making regarding future development at Morón AB and facilitates the effective integration of potential cultural resources into planning processes in alignment with the FGS-S and USAFE mission objectives.

1 OVERVIEW AND SCOPE

https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/471516p.pdf?ver=2017-11-21-114100-670 https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a4/publication/dafi32-7091/dafi32-7091.pdf https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a4/publication/dafman32-7003/dafman32-7003.pdf

This INCRMP was developed to provide for effective management and protection of natural and cultural resources. It summarizes the natural and cultural resources present on the installation and outlines strategies to adequately manage those resources. Natural and cultural resources are valuable assets of the DAF. They provide the infrastructure needed for testing weapons and technology, as well as for training military personnel for deployment. Sound management of natural and cultural resources increases the effectiveness of DAF adaptability in all environments. DAF has stewardship responsibility for the physical lands on which installations are located to ensure all natural and cultural resources are properly conserved, protected, and used in sustainable ways. The primary objective of DAF natural and cultural resources programs is to sustain, restore, and modernize natural and cultural infrastructure to ensure operational capability and no net loss in the capability of DAF lands to support the military mission of the installation. The plan outlines and assigns responsibilities for the management of natural and cultural resources, discusses related concerns, and provides program management elements that will help to maintain or improve the natural and cultural resources within the context of the installation’s mission. The INCRMP is intended for use by all installation personnel. Applicable FGS, supported by DAFI 32-7091;

OEBGD (where an FGS does not exist); and Title 54 United States Code (USC) § 307101(e) act as the main drivers for the INCRMP.

1.1 Purpose and Scope

Installation Supplement

The Integrated Natural and Cultural Resource Management Plan (INCRMP) for Morón Air Base (AB) is designed to provide a comprehensive framework for the conservation and management of both natural and cultural resources present on the installation.

The U.S. Air Force (USAF) recognizes its role and responsibility in safeguarding the inherent value of natural resources – defined by the FGS-S as "all living and inanimate materials supplied by nature that are of aesthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, scientific, or other value" – through comprehensive planning, decision-making, and the implementation of effective natural resource management programs. Resilient and functional ecosystems form the "green infrastructure" that sustains not only the environment but also essential human activities, including the daily operations of military readiness and the long-term viability of the mission. Consequently, the primary objective of natural resource management is to preserve and restore ecosystem integrity. By maintaining these natural systems, the military base ensures a stable environment for its operational needs and contributes to global environmental stewardship.

In parallel with its commitment to natural resources, the USAF recognizes the importance of protecting and preserving cultural resources. These resources – defined by the FGS-S as the "physical remains of any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object significant in world, national, or local history, architecture, archeology, engineering, or culture" – are invaluable to the heritage of the region and the nation. Cultural resources management involves identifying, evaluating, and safeguarding these assets in accordance with legal frameworks. Respect for cultural heritage fosters positive relationships between the military and surrounding communities and reflects the base's broader commitment to ethical and responsible stewardship. The protection of these cultural assets strengthens the base's operational legitimacy and aligns its activities with global norms for the protection of cultural heritage during both peacetime and conflict.

This plan serves as a guide to ensure the protection, integration, and sustainable management of both natural and cultural resources across all phases of the installation's mission and planning processes. The key objective is to effectively safeguard the valuable natural and cultural heritage of Morón AB while supporting the operational capability and mission of the USAF at Morón AB. It aims to do so by facilitating responsible development and decision-making that considers the potential impacts on these resources in all aspects of installation and mission planning. By combining the principles of natural resource conservation and cultural resource management, the INCRMP at Morón AB establishes a holistic approach to ecosystem and heritage preservation, contributing to the sustainable and resilient operation of the installation within the guidelines of the FGS-S and relevant USAFE mission requirements.

In summary, the objectives of the INCRMP are to:

Ensure compliance with the FGS-S and associated USAFE regulations;

Protect surrounding properties from potential impacts resulting from mission-essential operations through the monitoring of natural and cultural resources and rehabilitation of problem areas;

Document the future direction of natural and cultural resources programs;

Manage any existing natural and cultural resources to maintain current resource levels and enhance and protect these resources in a manner consistent with mission requirements;

Maintain a "no-net-loss" natural and cultural resource management approach, if impacts to resources are unavoidable due to mission requirements; and Coordinate all planning efforts with appropriate on-site and off-site entities to ensure cultural resource management practices are compatible with USAF and host nation-specific requirements and are integrated into the appropriate installation plans.

The INCRMP is a living document that will be reviewed annually to ensure its alignment with environmental regulations and to address any emerging concerns or improvements in resource management practices.

1.2 Management Philosophy

Installation Supplement

The INCRMP serves as a key component of the Installation Development Plan (IDP), which provides background and rationale for the policies and programming decisions related to land use, resource conservation, facilities and infrastructure development, and operations and maintenance to ensure that they meet current requirements and provide for future growth. The INCRMP supports the mission by identifying the natural and cultural resources present on the installation, developing management goals for these resources, and integrating these management objectives into the military requirements for mission operations/support and regulatory compliance in order to minimize natural and cultural resource constraints.

Goals and objectives require monitoring on a continuous basis and management strategies are updated whenever there are changes in mission requirements, adverse effects to or from natural and cultural resources, or changes in regulations governing management of natural and cultural resources.

This INCRMP outlines the steps needed to fulfill compliance requirements related to natural and cultural resources management and fosters environmental stewardship. It is organized into the following principal sections:

An overview of the current status and conditions of the natural and cultural resources Identification of potential impacts to or from natural and cultural resources The key natural and cultural resource management areas addressed Management recommendations that incorporate the installation’s goals and objectives for natural and cultural resource management areas Specific work plans for effective implementation of the INCRMP

Management issues and concerns, as well as goals and objectives, are developed from analysis of all the gathered information, and are reviewed by Morón personnel involved with or responsible for various aspects of natural and cultural resources management. The INCRMP was developed using an interdisciplinary approach and is based on existing information of the physical and biotic environments, mission activities, and environmental management practices at Morón. Information was obtained from a variety of documents, interviews with installation personnel, on-site observations, and communications with both internal and external stakeholders. Coordination and correspondence with these agencies is documented and satisfies a portion of the requirements of 32 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 989, Environmental Impact Analysis Process (EIAP), and 32 CFR 187, Environmental Effect Abroad for Major Federal Actions.

1.3 Authority

Installation Supplement

The DoD Publication 4715.5-G, Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document, requires the implementation of uniform conservation standards for natural and cultural resources and protection and management of historic and cultural resources at DoD installations and facilities in foreign countries. The OEBGD provides criteria, standards, and management practices to be used by DoD Lead Environmental Components in determining FGS IAW DoDI 4715.05, Management of Environmental Compliance at Overseas Installations.

FGS for each Host Nation requires preparation of integrated natural and cultural resource management plans in Chapter 13 for "Installations with significant land or water areas…" See installation and Host Nation specifics listed on the table below.

AFMAN 32-7003 applies to overseas to the extent that they are consistent with applicable international agreements, Unified Combatant Command (UCC) policy, environmental annexes to operational orders or plans, country-specific FGS, or in their absence, the OEBGD.

AFI 32-7001, Environmental Management, requires installations to identify processes or activities that include reducing pollution, conserving natural and cultural resources, and conserving water. USAF Policy Directive (AFPD) 32-70, Environmental Quality, identifies general United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) requirements for a natural and cultural resources management program.

Table 1: Installation-Specific Policies

Installation-Specific Policies (including Host Nation and/or Local Laws and Regulations)

Installation-Specific Policies FGS – Spain (2014)

The Final Governing Standards-Spain (FGS-S) are the definitive source of environmental compliance for Department of Defense (DoD) installations and U.S. Forces activities in Spain. The FGS-S outlines environmental requirements and procedures applicable to Morón AB. The Environmental Inspection Process (EIP) assesses compliance with these standards, identifying non-compliance issues and outlining corrective actions for the installation.

FGS – Spain, Chapter 12 (2014)

Focuses on Historic and Cultural Resources, providing criteria for plans and programs necessary to protect, enhance, and manage cultural resources. This includes resources listed on the World Heritage List and Spanish Heritage Lists.

These criteria ensure proper stewardship of cultural assets on Morón AB.

FGS – Spain, Chapter 13 (2014)

Addresses Natural Resources and Endangered Species, establishing criteria for plans and programs to protect and manage natural resources and species deemed endangered or threatened by U.S. or Spanish authorities. Includes guidelines for inventorying habitats and species and implementing conservation measures.

AFMAN 32-

7003 (2020)

The Air Force Manual 32-7003 provides comprehensive guidelines for managing environmental and cultural resources at Air Force installations. It covers compliance with regulations, creating and implementing natural resources management plans, and responsibilities of Air Force entities in conservation efforts. The manual emphasizes balancing preservation efforts with military mission requirements, ensuring sustainable practices.

Host Nation Policies (Spain) Natural Resources (Spain)

Governed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Environment (MAGRAMA) under Law 42/2007, which establishes biodiversity protections, the Natura 2000 network, and endangered species lists. MAGRAMA oversees the Spanish Inventory of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity, protected areas, and the implementation of conservation programs.

Royal Decree 556/2011 regulates the inventory, while Royal Decree 139/2011 maintains the List of Wild Species under Special Protection and the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. These lists, referenced in the FGS-S, include Mediterranean species and can be accessed via MAGRAMA's website. Conservation efforts also include the State Strategic Plan for Natural Heritage and Biodiversity.

Cultural Resources (Spain)

Managed under Law 16/1985, Spanish Historical Heritage, by the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports (MECD).

This law defines historical heritage, ensuring its protection and availability for future generations. The Ministry oversees the cultural infrastructure plan, museums, state libraries, and arts conservation. Two branches are responsible for heritage protection: the Office for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, which implements the legal framework, and the General Branch of the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Spain, which develops conservation and restoration plans.

Compliance with international conventions and recommendations is ensured under this law.

Regional Policies (Andalusia) Nautral Resources (Junta de Andalucía)

Governed by the Junta de Andalucía via its Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio). Andalusia is characterized by extraordinary biodiversity and diverse landscapes.

Law 2/1989 provides measures for protecting natural areas, while Law 8/2003 focuses on conserving wild flora and fauna. This legislation prioritizes biodiversity conservation, protects native species, prevents the spread of invasive species, regulates sustainable wildlife use, and promotes environmental education and public participation. The region also adheres to Law 42/2007, requiring planning and management of SPAs and SACs. The Agreement of 18 January 2011 and Agreement of 13 March 2012 outline recovery and conservation measures for threatened species and habitats.

Cultural Resources (Junta de Andalucía)

Andalusia has a rich cultural heritage with approximately 27,000 legally protected cultural properties and 124 historic areas. The protection and regulation of these resources fall under the General Secretariat of Culture (Secretaría General de Cultura) within the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports (Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deporte).

The Decree 128/2013 establishes the organizational structure for cultural resource management. The provincial Council of Sevilla (Diputación de Sevilla), along with its Functional Area of Citizenship, Participation, and Culture, also plays a role in protecting cultural heritage within the region.

European/International Legislation

Habitats Directive

(92/43/EEC)

Aims to conserve natural habitats and wild flora and fauna to maintain biodiversity across EU member states. It designates Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) for habitat types and species of community interest. SACs are protected from harmful development unless no viable alternatives exist, public interest is demonstrated, and compensation measures are implemented. Annexes define priority habitat types and endangered species requiring conservation. Currently, there are no SACs near Morón AB.

Birds Directive

(2009/147/EC)

Focuses on conserving wild birds, protecting their eggs, nests, and habitats, and controlling hunting.

Member states are required to designate Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for vulnerable and migratory bird species and maintain sufficient habitat diversity to ensure population stability. Conservation measures include creating protected areas, restoring biotopes, and prohibiting deliberate killing of birds or destruction of nests and eggs. Currently, there are no SPAs near Morón AB.

Natura 2000 An EU-wide network of protected areas, consisting of designated SPAs and SACs. Development within these areas is restricted unless overriding public interest is demonstrated, and compensation measures are implemented. Natura 2000 sites are managed by member states and aim to maintain ecological integrity.

Bonn Convention An international framework for the conservation and sustainable use of migratory species through coordinated efforts among Range States. Appendix I lists species threatened with extinction, while Appendix II includes species requiring international cooperation.

Bern Convention Focuses on conserving European wildlife and natural habitats, emphasizing the intrinsic value of biodiversity and its importance for future generations. It requires member states to implement conservation policies and protect vulnerable species and habitats.

World Heritage Convention

Protects sites of "outstanding universal value to humanity" under the UNESCO framework. Parties may nominate properties for the World Heritage List, which includes both cultural and natural heritage. Spain is ranked third globally with 44 World Heritage Sites, but none are located within 5 km of Morón AB.

Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003)

Adopted by UNESCO to safeguard living traditions, such as oral traditions, festivals, rituals, and craftsmanship. Spain ratified the convention in 2006 and maintains a national inventory to document intangible cultural heritage.

1.4 Integration with Other Plans

Installation Supplement

INCRMP revisions and concurrence with the final plan must be coordinated through the installation chain of command and the and the 496 ABS/CEIE . The NRM and CRM must ensure that the INCRMP and any other plans that may affect natural and cultural resources are mutually supportive and not in conflict.

2 INSTALLATION PROFILE

Installation Supplement

Table 2: Installation Profile

OPR 496 ABS/CEIE has overall responsibility for implementing the Natural and Cultural Resources Management Plan and is the lead organization for monitoring compliance with applicable regulations.

Natural and Cultural Resources Managers/POCs Name: Andy Perfecto, CTR Phone: 722-8047 Email: andy.perfecto.ctr@us.af.mil

Host Nation POC/local authorities NA Total acreage managed by installation 3433 Total acreage of wetlands NA Total acreage of forested land NA

Natural and Cultural Resources Program applicability (Place a checkmark next to each program that must be implemented at the installation. Document applicability and current management practices in Section 7.0) x Fish and Wildlife Management x Outdoor Recreation and Access to Natural Resources x Conservation and Protection Standards Enforcement x Management of Threatened, Endangered, and Host Nation-Protected Species x Water Resource Protection x Wetland Protection x Grounds Maintenance x Forest Management x Wildland Fire Management x Agricultural Outleasing x Integrated Pest Management Program x Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) ☐ Coastal Zone and Marine Resources Management x Communication, Planning, and EIAP ☐ Cultural Property Review Process x Resources Contracting x Cultural Discoveries ☐ Public Access to Host Nation Sites of Cultural or Traditional Importance ☐ Accidents and Emergencies Affecting Historic Properties ☐ Suspected Vandalism ☐ Curation of Collections and Records x Management and Coordination x Public Outreach x Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Office of the Secretary of Defense most current "Base Structure Report" notion of the total acres managed by the Installation

Installation's own notion of total acres managed by Installation Installation surveyable acres (i.e., undisturbed, accessible acres) Cultural Resources: 3,433 Total acres ever surveyed [NR] Total acres every surveyed [CR]

Cultural Resources: 2,395

ICRMPs consulted with appropriate Host Nation/local authorities NA Cultural Resources outreach program (e.g., website, welcome package, or brochures)?

NA

Cumulative number of archaeology sites ever recorded 3 Number of known cultural resources to be managed 3 Have historic status codes been updated in the Accountable Property System of Record in FY ##.?

None

Number of archeology sites mapped into GIS 3 Number of surveyed acres mapped into GIS Are culturally significant real property assets (buildings/structures) mapped into

GIS?

Yes, MAB-C-1

2.1 Installation Overview

2.1.1 Location and Area

https://www.acq.osd.mil/eie/BSI/BEI_Library.html

The Morón AB is located in southern Spain, at approximately 35 miles southeast of the city of Seville and 75 miles northeast of Rota Naval Station. The base gets its name from the nearby town Morón de la Frontera and is located within the territory of the municipality of Arahal. It is situated in a plain relief area surrounded by crops. The distance between the base and the nearest towns (Moron de la Frontera, Arahal, Utrera and Montellano) is about 6.2 miles. Its perimeter extends just over 12,4 miles, and it covers an area of approximately 1,390 ha.

Table 3: Installation/GSU Location and Area Descriptions

Installation/ Geographically Separated Unit (GSU)

Main Use/ Mission Acreage Addressed in INCRMP? Describe Natural and Cultural Resource Implications

Morón AB

496 ABS

Contingency.

The 496 ABS maintains a high state of readiness to receive forces in support of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the U.S.

contingency and exercise operations. The installation is a Spanish Air Force (SpAF) facility that is occupied and operated under treaty arrangements by both the SpAF 11th Tactical Wing and 496 ABS.

3433 Yes The presence of potential natural and historic/cultural resources requires adequate protection, conservation, and management during the development of future base plans and mission activities.

Implications for natural and cultural resources are discussed in the following paragraphs/sections of this plan.

2.1.2 Installation History

Morón Air Base (AB) originated from a 10-year bilateral agreement between the United States and Spanish governments, aimed at establishing Spanish-American air bases to support joint strategic objectives. Construction of Morón AB began in 1954 and was completed in 1957, when the 3973rd Air Base Group was activated under the Strategic Air Command (SAC) as part of the Sixteenth Air Force. Early operations included B-47 Reflex missions starting in 1958, which required extensive infrastructure development, including runways, fuel storage facilities, and operational support buildings. These missions continued until 1963, when Morón transitioned to KC-135 refueling operations as part of the Chrome Dome mission. On 3 April 1963, the last B-47 aircraft departed Morón, and by 26 September 1963, the U.S.-Spanish bilateral agreement was extended for another five years.

In 1966, management of Morón AB shifted from SAC to U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE), resulting in a change in mission to communications support, reconnaissance operations involving RF-4 and RF-101 aircraft, and air rescue operations by the 67th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron (ARRS). By 1969, Morón AB was designated as a Standby Dispersal Base, significantly reducing active flight operations and personnel. The 7473rd Combat Support Group transitioned into the 7473rd Combat Support Squadron, and many base functions, including civil engineering, supply, and transportation, were contracted under the Spain Base Maintenance Contract, which came into effect in July 1972. The 7473rd CSS was deactivated on 31 May 1976.

The Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Spain and the United States came into effect in September 1976, reconfirming Morón AB's standby status. During this time, the base saw limited activity but continued to serve as a strategic location for occasional exercises. In 1984, Morón AB was designated as a NASA Space Shuttle Transoceanic Abort Landing Site, further emphasizing its importance as a contingency base.

Morón AB played a critical role during Operation DESERT SHIELD (1990) and DESERT STORM (1991), hosting 22 KC-135 and KC-10 tankers to support refueling operations. By January 1991, Morón transitioned to bomber operations, and the 801st Bomb Wing (Provisional) deployed 24 B-52s, 3 KC-135s, and over 2,800 personnel, marking the largest bomber wing deployment of the war. In 1994, the 7120th Air Base Flight was re-designated as the 496th Air Base Squadron (ABS) under the newly formed 616th Regional Support Group stationed at Aviano AB, Italy.

Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, Morón AB evolved into a critical staging base for Aerospace Expeditionary Forces (AEF) rotations in the European Command (EUCOM) and Central Command (CENTCOM) Areas of Responsibility. Tanker task forces (KC-135, KC-10), fighter units, and airlifters (C-141, C-17, C-5) regularly utilized Morón for deployments. The base also hosted rotating U.S.

Army personnel, with staffing levels increasing during these operations. Temporary duty personnel augmented the installation's workforce under Expeditionary Combat Support, with the majority of positions now filled by Air Reserve Component (ARC) personnel.

This shift made Morón AB one of Europe's largest users of ARC personnel.

The NASA mission ended in 2012, followed by the termination of the USAF Space Surveillance mission in 2013, marking a decline in certain operational demands. During this period, the U.S. Marine Corps temporarily stationed 550 Marines at Morón to support U.S.

Africa Command (AFRICOM), introducing new land use requirements and repurposing existing facilities to accommodate Marine operations.

Most recently, in 2023, the 23rd Expeditionary Bomb Squadron (EBS) began Bomber Task Force (BTF) operations, conducting missions alongside NATO allies and partners. These operations underscore Morón AB's enduring strategic relevance, its role in regional security, and its contribution to interoperability with allied forces.

For more comprehensive information on Morón AB's history, refer to the 2024 Cultural Resources Inventory.

2.1.3 Military Missions

Installation Supplement

The 496 ABS is the current USAFE host unit stationed at Morón AB, a pivotal power projection base. The 496 ABS maintains a high state of readiness to receive forces in support of the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the U.S.

contingency and exercise operations.

The installation is a Spanish Air Force (SpAF) facility that is occupied and operated under treaty arrangements by both the SpAF 11th Tactical Wing and 496 ABS. Although the SpAF occupies, operates, and maintains its own separate containment area at an older section of the base, the SpAF and USAF facilities are intermingled across the majority of the remaining area. The SpAF performs regular maintenance and support activities and hosts a security police-training unit on the base. The USAF provides airfield maintenance, utilities, and certain supply support functions to the SpAF. Each Air Force independently operates and maintains their specific facilities.

Regarding Natural and Cultural Resources Responsibility, at the Morón AB, the Squadron Commander holds the ultimate responsibility for the proper management of historical and cultural resources. This entails coordinating with the SpAF Base Commander to develop, implement, and fully support the INCRMP, which includes assigning funds for planning requirements.

Table 4: Listing of Tenants and Natural and Cultural Resource Responsibility

Tenant Organization Natural and Cultural Resource Responsibility

Spanish Air Force (SpAF) – 11th Tactical Wing Owner of the installation. Has authority to interact with the local environmental authorities.

2.1.4 Natural and Historic and Cultural Resources Needed to Support the Military Mission

Morón AB relies on its natural and cultural resources to effectively support its military operations.

Key natural resources include stable soils, open spaces, vegetation, and water resources. Stable soils are essential for maintaining the integrity of runways, taxiways, and other infrastructure, ensuring operational readiness. Open areas provide flexibility for staging, refueling, training exercises, and hosting temporary deployments. Vegetation aids in erosion control, protecting infrastructure and minimizing maintenance needs, while sustainable water resources support operational activities such as fire suppression, aircraft maintenance, and personnel needs.

Adherence to host nation cultural resource regulations is essential for maintaining strong relationships with Spain. Respecting these regulations fosters cooperation and ensures the continued operational presence of U.S. forces at the installation.

By effectively managing its natural and cultural resources, Morón AB ensures mission success while balancing operational demands with the sustainable use of resources.

2.1.5 Surrounding Communities

Installation Supplement

The Morón AB is located in southern Spain, at approximately 35 miles southeast of the city of Seville and 75 miles northeast of Rota Naval Station. The base derives its name from the nearby town Morón de la Frontera and lies within the municipality of Arahal. The surrounding area is predominantly agricultural area, with crops and livestock farming representing the primary land uses. The nearest urbanized area, belonging to the municipality of Arahal, is located 1.2 miles northwest of the base. Other nearby towns include Morón de la Frontera, Arahal, Utrera, El Coronil, and Los Morales, all situated more than 5 miles from the base's boundaries.

The table below provides a demographic overview of the communities in the vicinity of the Morón AB:

Municipality Population Size Age Distribution Heritage Morón de la Frontera Total population (2023): 27,211

Men Population (2023): 13,370 Women Population (2023):

13,841 Relative change in the population over ten years (2012- 2022): -3.6%

Average age (2022): 43.9 Percentage of population under 20 years (2023): 19.1% Percentage of population over 65 years (2023): 20.0%

Real estate assets (2021): 128 Movable assets (2021): 278 Intangible assets (2021): 7

Arahal Total population (2023): 19,510 Population. Men (2023): 9,672 Population. Women (2023):

9,838 Relative change in the population over ten years (2012- 2022): -0.2%

Average age (2022): 41.6 Percentage of population under 20 years (2023): 22.1% Percentage of population over 65 years (2023): 17.2%

Real estate assets (2021): 65 Movable assets (2021): 0 Intangible assets (2021): 2

Utrera Total population (2023): 51,857 Population. Men (2023): 25,592 Population. Women (2023):

26,265 Relative change in the population over ten years (2012- 2022): 3.9%

Average age (2022): 41.7 Percentage of population under 20 years (2023): 21.3% Percentage of population over 65 years (2023): 16.8%

Real estate assets (2021): 514 Movable assets (2021): 4 Intangible assets (2021): 10

El Coronil Total population (2023): 4,684 Population. Men (2023): 2,358 Population. Women (2023):

2,326 Relative change in the population over ten years (2012- 2022): -6.0%

Average age (2022): 45.1 Percentage of population under 20 years (2023): 18.0% Percentage of population over 65 years (2023): 21.0%

Real estate assets (2021): 51 Movable assets (2021): 24 Intangible assets (2021): 4

Los Morales

Total population (2023): 3,573 Population. Men (2023): 1,816 Population. Women (2023): 1,757 Relative change in the population over ten years (2012-2022): 2.9%

Average age (2022): 40.4 Percentage of population under 20 years (2023): 22.6% Percentage of population over 65 years (2023): 15.0%

Real estate assets (2021): 26 Movable assets (2021):

Intangible assets (2021): 2

Source: Andalucía pueblo a pueblo - Fichas Municipales. Sevilla | Instituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía ( juntadeandalucia.es)

2.1.6 Local and Regional Natural and Cultural Areas

Installation Supplement

Natural Areas

Morón Air Base (AB) is situated within the Guadalquivir River Basin, one of Spain's most important hydrological regions. The Guadalquivir River, located approximately 40 km (25 miles) west of the installation, flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Cádiz. The basin is bordered by the Sierra Morena Mountain Chain to the north and the Sistemas Béticos Mountain Chain to the southeast, contributing to the region's diverse topography and ecosystems. Groundwater flow at the installation is influenced by the Guadaíra River, which borders Morón AB to the east. In 2003, the general groundwater flow was observed to move south-southwest to north-northeast, with flow patterns controlled by the Guadaíra River.

At the European level, the Birds Directive (Directive 2009/147/EC) and the Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC) provide protection to certain habitats, plants, and animals throughout the European Union under the Natura 2000 network. Spain's Law 42/2007 on Natural Heritage and Biodiversity and Andalusia's Law 2/1989 integrate these directives into national and regional conservation efforts.

The following natural areas are located within or near Morón AB:

Natura 2000 Sites:

Guadaira River (Río Guadaira ES6180013): Borders Morón AB to the east and is designated as a Natura 2000 site for its ecological significance.

Arroyo de Santiago, Salado de Morón, and Matabueyes/Garrapata (ES6180007): Located approximately 10 km (6.2 miles) south of the installation.

Complejo Endorreico de Utrera (ES6180001): A notable wetland area approximately 20 km (12 miles) southwest of the installation.

Public Utility Forest:

A public utility forest is located approximately 16 km (9.94 miles) southeast of Morón AB. These forests are designated for conservation and sustainable use, contributing to the protection of local biodiversity and providing ecological value to the region.

Cattle Trails (Vías Pecuarias): The base is surrounded by several traditional cattle trails, including Cañada Real de Villamartín (0.5 km away), Vereda de Utrera a Morón de la Frontera (1.5 km south), Cañada de Piedra-Hincada (2.5 km northwest), and Cordel de Morón (1 km north). These trails are part of Spain's historical agricultural network and remain protected for their ecological and cultural significance.

Although there are no national parks within five miles of Morón AB, the installation is in proximity to two notable parks:

Parque Nacional de Doñana: Located approximately 56 km (35 miles) west of Morón AB, across the Guadalquivir River, Doñana National / Nature Park is a UNESCO-designated Biosphere Reserve (1980) and was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1994. The park is characterized by its wetlands, forests, and diverse wildlife, including migratory bird species, and holds significant ecological importance both regionally and globally.

Parque Nacional de la Sierra de las Nieves: located approximately 65 km (40.39 miles) southeast of the base, this national park is part of the mountainous Sistemas Béticos region and is known for its unique biodiversity, including endemic plant species and Mediterranean forests. It is a critical area for conservation in southern Spain.

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Figure 1: Natura 2000 sites in the surroundings of the Morón AB.

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Cultural Areas

Andalusia is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, encompassing a vast range of legally protected cultural sites and assets. The Digital Guide to the Cultural Heritage of Andalusia (Guía Digital del Patrimonio Cultural de Andalucía) identifies:

26,805 legally protected cultural sites, 86,805 movable resources records, 1,762 intangible resources, 116 cultural landscapes, and 26 cultural routes.

The protection and regulation of these areas, as well as other tangible and intangible resources, falls under the Council of Tourism, Culture and Sports, via the General Secretariat of cultural assets (Secretaría General de Bienes Culturales). Morón AB is situated within the province of Seville and falls under the jurisdiction of the Territorial Delegation of Seville, which oversees all matters related to Andalusian cultural heritage in the area.

In September 2023, a mapping and documentary research of the Junta de Andalucía Cultural database revealed that there are at least 23 registered sites of cultural interest listed in the General Catalog of Andalusian Historical Heritage within the Arahal municipality.

Among these sites, Palomo I site (described as Roman remains), is located in the southwestern area of the base.

Additionally, the Digital Guide to the Cultural Heritage of Andalusia identifies eight cultural assets within an 8.5 km (5.3 miles) radius of Morón AB, which are depicted in the image below:

Point 1: Molino de Francisco Valencia Cortijo (immovable);

Point 2: Torre del Bao (immovable);

Point 3: Torre del Cortijo Palomo (immovable);

Point 4: Casula (immovable);

Point 5: Hacienda Pataslargas (immovable);

Point 6: Cortijo la Victoria (immovable);

Point 7: Hacienda la Banda (immovable);

Point 8: Hacienda la Mata (immovable).

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Figure 2: Cultural Goods in Morón AB. Source: Guia Digital IAPH

2.2 Physical Environment

2.2.1 Climate

Installation Supplement

The installation is located within the Guadalquivir River basin and falls within what is known as a Mediterranean continental climate sphere. The region's climate is characterized by a seasonal contrast, with a hot, dry summer lasting four to five months, and a mild, humid autumn-winter period. The average annual temperature is around 18°C (64°F). Summers are particularly extreme, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F). Despite the summer heat, the Guadalquivir River Depression is open to Atlantic airflows, resulting in a wide temperature range. Frosts are rare but can occur during cold waves originating from northern Europe.

Average annual rainfall in this part of the Guadalquivir Valley is 535 millimeters (21.1 inches), with the majority occurring between October and March. The driest months are July and August, while the drought period extends for nearly five months, coinciding with the region's extreme summer heat.

According to the Köppen and Geiger classification, this climate is categorized as Csa. The following figures provide typical climate data for the Morón de la Frontera area.

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Figure 4: Morón de La Frontera climate diagram. Monthly average temperature and precipitation. Source: climate-data.org climate diagram 3.png https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/edashspo/temp/SiteAssets/Lists/InstallationSections/EditForm/cultural%20goods.png https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/edashspo/temp/SiteAssets/Lists/InstallationSections/EditForm/cultural%20goods.png https://guiadigital.iaph.es/ https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/edashspo/temp/SiteAssets/Lists/InstallationSections/EditForm/climate%20diagram%202.png https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/edashspo/temp/SiteAssets/Lists/InstallationSections/EditForm/climate%20diagram%202.png https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/edashspo/temp/SiteAssets/Lists/InstallationSections/EditForm/climate%20diagram%203.png https://usaf.dps.mil/teams/edashspo/temp/SiteAssets/Lists/InstallationSections/EditForm/climate%20diagram%203.png

Figure 5: Morón de La Frontera climate diagram. Monthly mean, mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures. Source: climate-data.org.

The Andalusian government, in collaboration with the Foundation for Research on…