Attach 16 - AOC BIM Guide (12.01.2014).pdf

December 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1. BIM USES

2. AOC BIM PROJECT MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

3. AOC BIM REQUIREMENTS

4. BIM-BASED PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS

5. PROJECT PHASING

6. DESIGN PRODUCTION PLAN

7. PROJECT MODEL CONVENTIONS

GLOSSARY

INTRODUCTION

The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is the steward of 30 historically significant buildings on Capitol Hill and additional facilities in and around Washington, D.C, Maryland and Virginia. The AOC’s mission is to efficiently manage, preserve and sustain the Capitol facilities and grounds, while providing Congress and the

Supreme Court with continuous access to safe, comfortable and modern work environments. As these facilities age, maintenance, historic preservation, renovation and rehabilitation, expansion and reconfiguration projects help the AOC sustain the facility value, historic integrity and support of Congress and the Court.

A. BACKGROUND

The AOC has determined that Building Information Modeling (BIM), an evolving AECO1 industry standard, will provide better project execution and facility management for the AOC facility mission.

“Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. A BIM is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition”. (National BIM

Standard - United States (NBIMS))

As defined, the Building Information Model is an integrated database of 2D and 3D object-based graphics and attribute data used in creating an intelligent virtual model of a facility design and its building systems before it is built. It also provides AOC with important facility management information.

Building Information Modeling refers to processes and technologies used for collaborative project execution, model analysis, costing and simulation for decision support (3D-4D-5D2), and integrated construction documentation.

It is important that nationally recognized standards as well as AOC standards and protocols are used when developing BIMs so that both model and data are normalized for multiple uses and support the lifecycle facility vision.

BIM also:

Improves accuracy in project information. BIM potentially increases design quality through effective visual design, analysis and enhanced communication. BIM reduces design errors and change orders during a project, by exposing them in a virtual model rather than in the construction phase.

BIM can support specific analyses. BIM can utilize intelligent, spatially identifiable objects/elements3 that support specific analyses and simulations.

Aggregates data and graphics. Model data can be grouped and calculated for quantities, costing and design-to-budget activities. Properly configured BIMs may automate and coordinate drafting tasks for construction documentation.

Automates reporting & analysis. Additional data can be derived from the model. Space reporting and zoning for mechanical, electrical, plumbing (MEP), structural and energy retro-fitting are facilitated.

1 AECO - Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Operations.

2 4D and 5D refer to the addition of cost and time to the 3D model to support cost burn rate and phasing analyses.

3 Object/Element – a BIM representation for a building product (BIM object) or an assembly (wall, roof, floor).

Improves project execution. Visualizing site logistics using 4D schedule simulation minimizes construction impact and safety issues for occupants and public.

Enables collaboration. BIM enables team collaboration, automates project data sharing and permits transparency for all stakeholders. That improves the decision process.

Facilitates prefabrication. Predictable field conditions and digital mock-ups are designed with fabricators, reducing production errors and time to installation.

Supports emergency planning and security. BIM as a 3D representation of a building provides useful simulations for line-of-site studies, crowd control, blast requirements, hazardous materials storage and emergency response scenarios.

Shares data: Creates a digital knowledgebase of a building for planning and facility asset management.

B. AOC ENTERPRISE INFORMATION VISION

The AOC has established a multi-year enterprise information strategy for facilities management. This vision4 includes BIM as one of the authoritative sources for standardized facility data. BIM data for spaces, equipment, zones, finishes, systems and historic significance are essential data for facilities management (FM).

This data from BIM can be machine interpretable and interoperable, thereby reducing data reentry for

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Computer Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) applications used by the AOC. This process improves workforce efficiency by providing the AOC with consistent, reliable digital information for all phases of a project and building lifecycle. Data access improves preventive maintenance planning and procedures to extend asset life.

Enterprise Strategy for BIM Development

No complete BIMs exist for AOC buildings, but partial building models have been developed for testing and visualization. In order to build a portfolio of BIMs, the AOC is developing core and shell models for principal buildings and will supplement these with a project-based strategy for developing its enterprise or stewardship BIMs from the record models, and as-built model and drawings submitted at project completion.

Model Development – From Single Spaces, Areas, to Full Buildings

Project models, representing part of the existing structure with known data and new construction, will be created according to a project scope using the BIM standards defined herein. Upon project completion, the project team will integrate the project record5 model with others of the same building. Thus, a complete BIM of the building will gradually be created. These stewardship models are digital knowledge bases of the facility capable of supporting the AOC building lifecycle missions: planning, operations, security, safety, communications, assessments, sustainability, maintenance, rehabilitation, renovation6, historic preservation, documentation management and sharing data with other AOC applications. Planning and Project

Management (PPM) Technical Support Division is responsible for managing the AOC Master Drawings, data

4 See AOC Facility Data Vision as Facility Management Data Vision (02 08 10).pdf.

5 A Record or As-Built model is an updated project model ready for submission to the AOC and following prescribed guidelines in this document.

6 Renovation typically refers to the total removal and replacement of building systems, while rehabilitation refers to the process of extending the useful life of an asset through repairs, alterations and additions while preserving those portions or features which convey its historic, cultural or architectural values. These definitions do not affect those used by building and fire codes. AOC Design Guide (May 2012), Section 1, p. 3.

standards, and authoritative data sources. This group will support BIM implementation across the jurisdictions7.

Enterprise BIM Access

Currently the AOC is not equipped to make AOC BIMs available for sharing outside its network. As part of the AOC BIM implementation, the issues of secure access and shared use are being explored with other federal agencies. On projects sharing BIM, the A/E, Contractor, or Construction Manager as Agent (CMa) shall define a collaboration environment outside the AOC network for the project stakeholders that reflects

AOC Physical Security and AOC Information Technology Security Requirements.

C. THE PURPOSE OF THE BIM GUIDE

This guide is one of several interrelated documents created by PPM for AOC project requirements. BIM use shall conform to the design standards, code requirements, building system specifications and documentation requirements in these manuals. The BIM Guide provides additional and complementary information.

The BIM Guide References:

AOC Architect/Engineer Design Manual, December 2013 (herein A/E Design Manual)

Contains mandatory requirements for all size and type of projects.

AOC Design Guide, May 2012

Provides additional design standards.

AOC Project Management Manual, December 2013

7 There are nine jurisdictions responsible for specific buildings supported by the AOC.

Figure I-1 The BIM Master Model’s relationship to 2D project drawings

Provides project phases and best practices.

The BIM Execution Plan (BIMPxP) Template8

Documents project specific BIM uses, teams, roles and responsibilities, data and standards for specific

BIM-based projects.

The Object/Element (O/E) Matrix9

O/E matrix is used as a reference document aligning level of detail with BIM uses to specify data attributes for BIM objects.

The AOC BIM Guide specifies BIM use requirements, processes and standards to ensure consistent BIM quality across multiple projects from different service providers. While some BIM uses are not fully defined by the industry, the guide strives to provide a logical strategy for BIM innovation.

Uniformity in BIM development and data standardization is critical for AOC’s stewardship BIMs and facility lifecycle data strategies. The reliability of BIM analytics, such as energy modeling is limited by incomplete and inaccurate data. The effort to produce such BIM-based analytics will decrease as geometry and data become more accessible and useful for data sharing.

BIM Authors and Users

Several AOC groups and outside service providers can author or use BIM on AOC projects. These include:

PPM, the jurisdictions, Architect-Engineer consultants and others consultants.

Updates to the BIM Guide

Updates will come from additional lessons learned and recommendations made to PPM. A periodic review by

PPM will determine if any updates to the National BIM Standards, industry “best-practices” or technology changes should be incorporated into the BIM Guide to further maximize BIM’s value to the AOC

8 Appendix B.

9 Appendix C. The Object/Element Matrix defines and organizes the AOC required attributes by object type.

1. BIM USES

1.1 Introduction

Established project goals and stakeholder needs inform the AOC project team about which BIM uses to specify in a scope of work (SOW). However, there are several BIM uses applicable to all AOC projects.

Existing conditions modeling, estimates and costing, space validation, clash detection and constructability exercises, design review, commissioning and close out requirements for as-built documentation and COBie facility data are all BIM uses generally required for a project.

Figure 1-1 BIM-Use Examples

1.2 Existing Conditions Modeling

These models support additional work at the AOC for historic preservation, renovation, new systems retrofitting, reallocation of space and new construction. The existing condition models may be used as a basis for design studies, sight line studies, move management and logistics, day lighting, area calculations, space allocation studies, volume calculations for HVAC, planning standards, phasing studies, testing locations and other studies relevant to the project SOW.

The project SOW will define the approximate area, relevant building systems and associated equipment to be modeled. The BIMPxP will define the agreed upon modeling effort.

PPM or a jurisdiction will provide access to master drawings and any partial models for preliminary modeling.

Field verification is part of this process unless otherwise specified by the AOC. All applicable AOC BIM and

Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) standards and requirements apply.

At a minimum, an existing conditions model will contain:

The visible architecture and equipment, (LOD300) walls, floors, ceilings, columns and roof. Assembly and product information must be added to the model as required by the SOW.

Space volumes and room data (numbers, functional use10, space ownership).

Date attribute when the existing conditions were verified. This easy-to-add metric indicates how current the facility base models are and the associated data. This helps the beginning of a “corporate memory.”

Optional:

Furniture and fixtures may be modeled in accordance with the SOW.

Extend the modeling beyond the immediate SOW areas to show context and additional information based on project needs.

Additional AOC Attributes:

Jurisdiction

Building Type

Historic Preservation Asset

Space Type

Alternate potential use(s) for the space

Historic zones

Noise Level Standard (if applicable to the SOW)

Security requirements, levels, applicable standards

1.3 Laser Scanning for Existing Conditions

Laser scanning is an efficient, automated process for measuring distances from predefined surfaces capturing millions of measurements in a 3D point cloud11. Large projects or areas needing greater detail may use laser scanning to capture as-is conditions for historic documentation of previously unseen conditions during demolition and before close-in during construction.

The AOC Photography Branch has responsibility for documenting existing and new construction. The AOC design team and

Photography Branch will evaluate the cost and efficiency benefits of laser scanning to capture existing conditions and the attendant point cloud conversion to BIM, based upon the size and complexity of the project.

Laser scanning conversion should be part of the SOW or given as an option by the AOC during project planning. The project team shall define the process in the BIMPxP process diagram.

10 Omniclass Table 13 – Spaces by Function classification is strongly recommended. Table 11 – Construction Entities by Function and/or Table 14 – Spaces by Form may be helpful.

11 A Laser point cloud is a graphical representation of measured points from a specific location. The point cloud may have added data, but requires conversion to become a BIM.

Figure 1-2 Point Cloud and cloud to BIM

1.4 Space Modeling and Program Validation

The AOC requires space program information, reports, adjacency and stacking diagrams.

Historically a Summary Space List12 has been developed in Word or in a spreadsheet. A BIM-based project should utilize the space/area tool with assigned space standard data13 to generate space requirements.

Figure 1-3 Traditional AOC Diagram

Room boundaries and volumetric shapes shall be a “closed element” modeled to the face of finished construction. Used as a 3D volumetric shape, the area of a room will go to the finished drop ceiling. The following shall be developed for automatic reporting from the model: Assignable Areas (ASF) and Non-assignable Areas (NaSF) measured to inside face of wall elements and designated boundaries of areas. Gross Area (GSF) is measured to the outside face of wall elements.

Overall Adjacency and Stacking Diagrams

The design team shall use BIM-authoring software or other BIM space analysis tools to compare and validate the stated program of requirements (POR) with the actual design solution. Space validation ensures that as-designed conditions meet the AOC space standards and program requirements. Space validation may be accomplished through quantity take-off reporting of spaces/area/square footage.

The design team shall:

Provide diagrams to represent the overall relationships between all major functional areas at a glance.

Ensure that department, organization and functional unit locations on the diagram clearly reflect the degree of interaction needed between units.

Movement, traffic flow, entrance, etc. can be conveyed with arrows, line of sight model views or animations.

Color code spaces as documented in the BIMPxP.

Provide adjacency diagrams and reports to reinforce the Space Summary and serve as a checklist to verify those requirements.

Use model checking programs to automate program validation in BIM as documented in the BIMPxP.

12 Appendix C Design Phase Documents, p. 106, A/E Design Manual.pdf.

13 Information on Space Categorization, Space Efficiency and Space Guidelines are found in the Reference Library.

Figure 1-4 BIM Diagrams w/Data

Figure 1-5 Example Vertical Adjacencies

Figure 1-6 Example Color Coded Space and Adjacency Stack

1.5 COBie Data Handover

Projects for the AOC will require Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie) data utilizing the current COBie spreadsheet. COBie is a National Building Information Modeling Standard

(NBIMS), vendor-neutral data-set that specifies how to format design and construction data so it can be consumed by facilities management software. The AOC uses a CMMS (Computerized Maintenance

Management Software) application that supports COBie data.

AOC projects will comply with COBie data quality control rules and will produce a COBie2-compliant dataset. COBie describes both the process of collecting and validating data, and the required datasets collected throughout the project and by different stakeholders:

Design Phase

Facility and Floors are defined

Spaces are classified using Omniclass and AOC classifications

Zones have Categories assigned

Types have Name, Category (Omniclass), Description, Asset Type

Components have Name, Description, Type and Space

Systems have Name, Category (Omniclass), Components

Construction Phase

Type information is updated by providing Manufacturer, Model Number, Warranty information (Parts and Labor and Duration), Replacement Cost

Component information is updated by providing Serial Number, Installation Date, Warranty Start Date and (optional) Tag Number or Barcode – Installation Date for Major equipment will be the Finish Date of the corresponding schedule activity

Spare parts are provided for Types

Attributes are provided for Types and Components

Commissioning Phase

Documents are assigned to corresponding BIM objects (Types, Components, Spaces, Facility)

Attributes are corrected based on real measurements

COBie and Bentley

COBie is supported by one of the components of the AECOsim, not by Microstation directly. AECOsim is composed of three products, one of which is Building Designer with data group systems, including an IFC export engine. COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange) Support - As part of the

IFC Enhancements, AECOsim Building Designer V8i can export either a COBie compliant IFC file or a

Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The COBie Challenge 2013, demonstrated both updated COBie tables as well as improved COBie data capture and export from Bentley BIMs.

There are two high-level paths between a BIM and the spreadsheet view of the COBie data contained in it, known as a COBie spreadsheet.

A two-step path first exports an IFC model with its associated data from the native BIM format. Then, a software utility14 of some kind extracts the COBie data from the IFC and generates a spreadsheet with the formatted, color-coded, linked data. The two-step path may be supplied or supported by the BIM software developer and/or third party software developers. At a minimum, however, the BIM software must have robust support for IFC output and, at a minimum, the utility that creates the COBie spreadsheet format must be high quality. This is enough to assure very good (although not perfect) fidelity between the BIM and the

COBie data it contains.

A one-step process bypasses the step that creates the IFC model. It takes the BIM in its native file format as input and outputs the COBie data found therein as a COBie spreadsheet.

In both the two-step and one-step process, additional COBie data can be manually added directly to the outputted spreadsheet in the traditional manual entry method. Using some third party middlewares, the data thus entered can flow from the spreadsheet back into the model15 – in some cases just to the IFC model16, and in other cases, back to the model in its authored environment.

Engineering Analysis

The A/E teams can use BIM to discover the most effective and efficient engineering designs and methods based on the project design specifications. This information will be passed on to the owner and/or operator for use in the building’s systems. While this is an emerging capability,17 analysis tools and performance simulations can significantly improve the design of the facility and its energy consumption during its lifecycle.

These simulations support better sustainability and lifecycle costing decisions for the AOC.

BIM Supported Engineering Analysis:

Provides for an optimum, energy-efficient design solution

Reduces the cycle time of the design analyses, yielding more explored options and higher quality

Enables “what-if” lifecycle cost analysis for design

Each project team will work with the AOC to determine the best and most cost effective method for analysis.

1.6 Energy Modeling Requirements

Energy efficiency is a high priority for the AOC. The goal of this BIM use is to support the U.S. Department of Energy’s DOE 2 through data reporting and to optimize proposed design solutions to reduce the facility life-cycle costs:

“Design shall optimize building energy performance to meet performance targets by employing energy modeling programs.” 18

14 For example, AEC3 produces a free command-line operated BIMSERVICES.exe utility that will extract some COBie data from an IFC model to create the COBie spreadsheet. AEC3 also offers a paid version with a smoother graphical interface. See http://www.aec3.com.

15 EcodomusPM is an example of this for the Revit® environment. Also, but with limitations is the free Ecodomus COBie Basic.

16 AEC3’s BIMSERVICES.exe free utility is an example of this.

17 Energy analysis via virtual building models has been available for about 15 years. It is an emerging capability relative to the history of architecture and what is possible in analyzing BIMs.

18 AOC Design Guide (May 2012), Section 3, p. 3, 3.3.2. Energy Performance.

All large system retrofit and major renovation projects should utilize energy modeling at an appropriate engineering level for existing buildings. Calculations are broken into five categories.19

Note: The AOC requires a DOE 2 based energy analysis. Most professionals using existing energy simulation tools do not find converting BIM geometry into these tools cost effective. However, there is information reportable from BIM that is of value in developing the energy analysis.

BIM reportable information for energy analysis:

Space classifications (There is an alignment between the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and

Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE )20 space classifications and Omniclass Table 13 – Spaces by Function)

The areas and volumes of building spaces

The wall and roof assembly information, R-values &/or U-values

Number of windows and (derived) glazing area

Protective and reflective coatings or films

Substantial internal building thermal masses that are exposed to sunlight

Lighting types

Climate

Siting - building orientation and contextual geography

Shading devices and nearby shading and shadow-producing structures

This information can be exported from BIM for use in DOE 2 based energy analysis software.21 Substantial project information that drives both energy consumption and energy shedding may be decided or known early in the design cycle and may enable MEP teams to move ahead with preliminary calculations in parallel with architectural schematic design and design development. When, how and what information is needed and used from BIM will be documented in the BIMPxP and a process diagram will document the expected process efficiencies for future use by the AOC.

19 A/E Design Manual, Section 4. Design Development, mechanical systems.

20 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.

21 AOC Design Guide (May 2012) Section 1, p. 8, 1.3.6. Energy Conservation.

Figure 1-8 AECO Simulator Energy Model

Additional information may be incorporated into the energy model as needed for simulation:

Detailed electric and fuel rates as defined by the local service provider.

Building function and occupancy.

Building operating schedules.

Building lighting information in watts/ft2 and schedules.

Building HVAC equipment information and schedules.

Building plug load information and schedules.22

Building process load information and schedules.

Building envelope construction components including U-values, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), absorptivity, solar reflective index (SRI) value, color and thickness, as applicable to the component.

Energy Model Reports from the A/E team are dependent on size and complexity of the project: 100 percent SD, 75 percent DD, 100 percent DD, and 100 percent CD. The reporting scheduled will be documented in the BIMPxP.

Energy Analysis Software:

Bentley AECOsim Energy Simulator incorporates the EnergyPlus simulation engine, the emerging standard for the industry developed by the U.S. Department of Energy. Additional information is available from the

Bentley website in document file: WP_gbXML_LTR_v03.pdf.

1.7 Cost Estimation

Having the potential to save time and money by avoiding budget overruns, the project team will work with estimators using BIM to generate an accurate quantity take-off for cost estimates early in the design process.

They will continue to refine and provide cost implications of design additions and modifications. This process allows designers to see the cost effects of their changes in a timely manner. This can help curb excessive budget overruns due to project modifications.

The value of cost estimation is to:

Stay within budget constraints while the design progresses.

Permit exploring different design options and concepts within the owner’s budget.

Precisely estimate material quantities and generate quicker revisions if needed.

Better discover and visually represent project and construction elements that need to be estimated.

Provide cost information to the owner during the early decision making phase of design.

Focus on more value-adding activities in estimating (identifying construction assemblies, generating pricing and factoring risks) which are essential for high-quality estimates.

Save estimators time by allowing them to focus on more important issues in an estimate since take-offs can be automatically and consistently provided: let the computer count what’s in the design, and let estimators look at “or equals” and material pricing.

22 There are commercially available devices and associated software that will monitor and control at the plug level.

1.8 Interference Checking (“Clash Detection”)

Models shall be free of conflicts among major systems, their subsystems and elements, prior to final construction documentation. Interference checking can be performed visually and/or automated. If automated in Navisworks®, then the following colors with the exception of architectural and structural elements are as shown in Table 1-1:

Element Color

Lights Yellow

Electrical Cyan

HVAC Pipe Lime Green

HVAC Duct Blue

Fire Sprinklers Red

Plumbing Magenta

Ceilings Orange

Framing Purple

Steel Maroon

Concrete Grey

Methane Forest Green

Table 1-1 Required Color Coding in Clash Detection

Interference issues and clash detection, now known as model coordination, are prioritized into a high, medium or low status. The distinction among the priorities regards the urgency or speed with which they must be fixed due to their implications not only for the finished product but also for other design teams’ progress. The priorities do not imply that some issues must be corrected while others do not. Whether a particular interference is classed as Level One or another Level is possibly project dependent; however, while there is some “wiggle room” on the status assigned to a discovered coordination issue, the issue must be corrected.

Level One Collisions/Issues

Level One Collisions/Issues are reported issues that are considered critical to the design and construction process. These collisions have been assigned the highest priority and should be rectified within the model as soon as possible:

Mechanical Ductwork and Piping vs. Ceilings

Mechanical Ductwork and Piping vs. Rated Walls (For coordination of Dampers and other mechanical equipment needs)

Mechanical Ductwork and Piping vs. Structure (Columns, Beams, Framing, etc.)

All Equipment and their applicable Clearances vs. Walls

All Equipment and their applicable Clearances vs. Structure

Mechanical Equipment and Fixtures vs. Electrical Equipment and Fixtures

Mechanical Ductwork and Piping vs. Plumbing Piping

Unique historic items which cannot be altered or moved vs. Plumbing, Piping, Electrical, Mechanical

Level Two Collisions/Issues

Level Two Collisions/Issues are reported collision/issues that are considered important to the design and construction process and should be rectified during design project meetings:

Casework vs. Electrical Fixtures and Devices

Furnishings vs. Electrical Fixtures and Devices

Structure (Columns, Beams, Framing, etc.) vs. Specialty Equipment

Structure (Columns, Beams, Framing, etc.) vs. Electrical Equipment, Fixtures and Devices

Ductwork and Piping vs. Electrical Equipment, Fixtures and Devices

Ductwork vs. Floors

Level Three Collisions/Issues

Level Three Collisions/Issues are reported collision/issues that while considered important to the correctness of the model will generally be changing on a regular basis throughout the design and construction process.

These collision/issues have been assigned a lower priority and should be rectified before the phase submission of the models:

Casework vs. Walls

Plumbing Piping vs. Electrical Equipment, Fixtures and Devices

Plumbing Piping vs. Mechanical Equipment, Fixtures and Devices

ADA Clear Space Requirements vs. Doors, Fixtures, Walls, Structure

All Other Collisions/Issues

While the above coordination issues have been assigned priorities, it is likely that other issues will exist within the models. The collisions are not all ignorable nor should they be discarded. Some collisions will exist because the available software is not yet mature enough to support the modeling efforts or identify subtle interferences. The intention is to have a model that is as error and collision free as possible at each submission phase with documented proof that the design team addressed the collisions identified (above).

Issues which are discovered by design professionals but are missed by software analyses should be thoroughly documented for the AOC team in its “lessons learned” compilation.

2. AOC BIM PROJECT MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

2.1. Introduction

This section is for AOC Project Managers, Contractors and team members on BIM-based projects. It covers project management structures and activities that influence BIM success on a project. PPM and the jurisdictions are adapting to manage BIM-based project execution. Each jurisdiction will integrate BIM into its project schedule based upon project size, complexity, acquisition strategy and its in-house (local) capability to support BIM. Larger projects will be outsourced to a BIM-capable A/E firms while smaller projects will typically use in-house design staff.

Table 2-1 Project Designations and BIM Use

2.2 Acquisition Strategies - Method of Project Delivery

AOC Responsibility

Project size and contracting methods impact BIM use, team responsibilities and how model/data handovers are managed throughout a project. Therefore, the decision to use Design-Bid-Build (DBB), Design Build (DB), Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) or in-house project execution, should be determined early in AOC

PROJECT BIM USE

Project Size Small Medium Large Mega

Discipline Single with minor assistance from others

Multiple Multiple Multiple

Cost Range Up to $250,000 $250,000 to $5M Over $5M Over $50M

Design

Process

Consolidated into one phase

Two phases, Usually does not complete Schematic Design

All phases All phases

Design

Performed by

In-house or A/E task orders

A/E task orders with ongoing contracts or professional services

A/E task orders with ongoing contracts or professional services

External A/E firm

Construction

Performed by

In-house Varies by project acquisition strategy

Varies by project acquisition strategy

External construction

BIM Use

BIM optional

Lower risk with an internal team.

BIMPxP

BIM Recommended

Capable A/E or internal team.

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) & BIMPxP, BIM Manager

BIM Required

Capable A/E, IPD & BIMPxP. BIM Managers for Design &Construction

BIM Required

Capable A/E & Construction Management (CM). IPD & BIMPxP. BIM Managers for Design & Construction project planning, so that BIM use will be specified in the Request for Proposal (RFP) to assure contracting of qualified service providers. The AOC shall specify BIM requirements in the Task Order or Professional Services Contract for a BIM-based project.

The AOC is considering Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), which will enable the AOC to benefit from BIM-based collaboration. Apart from the acquisition strategy, the team shall make an effort to use IPD qualities to collaborate and share model information supporting cost effective project execution.

IPD Qualities and BIM-enabled projects:

All participants understand the value of collaboration and are committed to working together in the best interest of the project. Key decisions are evaluated by the project team.

Project goals and objectives are developed early with BIM uses, roles and responsibilities clearly defined from the Statement of Work (SOW) and in a BIM Project Execution Plan (BIMPxP).

Project infrastructures including software, hardware and project collaboration site capabilities are defined at the outset of the project to maximize collaboration and reduce schedule delays.23

The BIM Manager is an essential member of the project execution team and aligns BIM development and use with project goals, objectives and milestones as part of the BIMPxP.

A lifecycle approach is considered in the development of the model and data. “Begin with the end in mind.”

Models are leveraged extensively throughout the project to support planning, analysis, estimating, designing to budget, design reviews, decision support, error reduction and documentation. Reports, calculations, drawings, schedules, animations, 4D simulations and other project data is derived from the model, thus reducing effort and errors in information and documentation.

Models are leveraged in construction to shorten the construction schedule and reduce construction costs.

The model contains, or is linked to, the information necessary to support the BIM uses, project processes, and facility operations and management at project turnover.

The model provides data per AOC referenced standards, incorporates model Level of Development

(LOD)24 to show project progress, and contains COBie25 compliant data during project milestones and for completion.

The AOC project team will review A/E and Construction teams’ BIM capability and examples of building information models and BIM Execution Plans as part of team selection. A BIM Execution Plan (BIMPxP) using the AOC template will be created by the AOC and the project team for all BIM-based projects. (See

BIM Execution Plan, Section 2.3.)

2.3 A BIM Execution Plan (BIMPxP)

Purpose of a BIM Execution Plan

Project teams are selected from different firms and include many professions, all with different experiences and understanding of how a BIM-based project is executed.26 It is in the interest of the AOC that project teams arrive at a comprehensive and unified strategy for BIM-based project execution as quickly as possible.

23 A/E provided collaboration sites are defined in the SOW before this phase.

24 Level of Development defines the level of graphic detail and data reliability in the model. LOD requirements are defined for BIM use and deliverables.

25 COBie is Construction Operations Building Information Exchange. COBie data is all the data required to operate a building. The COBie spreadsheet is not identical with the COBie data, but rather is COBie data in the form of a spreadsheet.

26 Statistics show that 10 weeks to six months is necessary for a project team to develop a uniform project methodology.

To achieve this unified team strategy, the AOC requires the development of a project specific BIM Execution

Plan (BIMPxP) prior to BIM use on the project, unless modified by the AOC.

The BIMPxP is developed by the AOC and the project team using the AOC BIMPxP template. The BIMPxP documents the roles, responsibilities, BIM uses, model sharing and deliverables for a specific project, based upon AOC guidelines and project requirements. The AOC project team shall define the project goals and objectives in Section 1 of the BIMPxP. These are then interpreted into BIM uses and project scheduled actions by the project team in the remaining sections of the BIMPxP. Process diagrams of workflows are required for multi-discipline handovers and larger project workflows.

If the construction team is added at a later date, the BIMPxP will be updated to include their BIM roles, responsibilities and processes.

The BIMPxP will:

Align BIM uses to project goals, objectives and guiding principles.

Incorporate the applicable standards and requirements established in the AOC agency-wide BIM Guide.

Determine possible adjustments or waivers to the BIM Guide to support the specific project. The AOC or its representative must approve any adjustments or waivers.

Document project infrastructure, (software, hardware, server) suppliers and hosts for project model(s).

Assign BIM roles and responsibilities to the appropriate team or team member and communicate expectations to all team members and project stakeholders.

Develop Meeting Schedule for BIM Manager and BIM discipline teams – This sub-group shall develop a project template using AOC coordinates, model organizational structures, multi-user access, and show project phasing, and model/sub-model ownership.

Develop a checking and validation process and schedule for BIM data and drawings.

Identify the process flow for BIM tasks. Show the connection to submissions requirements, the project critical path, milestones and deliverables. Lean Pull Planning or Value Stream Mapping may facilitate this.27

Define information exchanges, shared access and model consolidations.

Establish a basis for communication between BIM parties and a schedule for regular project meetings.

(The schedule may vary depending upon project progress and issues arising in BIM development.)

Document model access and security protocols.

Document model integrity and data safety plan.

Establish measureable goals for BIM success and team execution. This will become part of the project lessons learned and may be incorporated into the AOC BIM Guide update.

The BIMPxP, once delivered, provides the why, how and what is to be included in the specific project model for PPM and jurisdiction handover.

BIMPxP Updates

The BIMPxP will be updated, as needed, to stay current with BIM development, new stakeholders, or new tasks. The BIM Manager will be responsible for BIMPxP updates to be reviewed by the AOC Project

Manager to monitor BIM progress and model conformance to BIM milestone deliverables. The BIMPxP

27 Lean Construction Institute. See http://www.leanconstruction.org/readings.htm.

should be reviewed and updated at the start of new project phases and whenever relevant stakeholders are added to the team.

Small Projects Using BIM:

If BIM is used on a small project, the modelers should document their processes as a project assessment using an abbreviated BIMPxP.

Medium and Large Projects: Use the BIMPxP template.

2.4 Roles and Responsibilities

A project team has several BIM roles with responsibilities depending on project size and complexity.

Team BIM Manager

The BIM Manager supports the core modeling activities, model merging, project BIM use execution and final deliverables. The Manager’s responsibilities require technical expertise in the BIM software and model development strategies to achieve the BIM deliverables. The BIM Manager is responsible for:

Developing the BIMPxP. Ensure that the BIMPxP, once accepted, is adhered to for the duration of the project.

Providing a schedule for BIM uses and coordination with overall project schedule.

Adhering to AOC standards and guidelines.

Coordinating and managing BIM meetings. The BIM Manager facilitates project team responses to modifications by jurisdictions.

Model merging and producing model views and construction documentation.

Import and export of required data.

Coordinating with PPM to review the model for standards compliance and project deliverables.

A BIM Manager is chosen for each project. Smaller in-house projects requiring very little modeling may use

BIM trained staff from the PPM staff, AOC facilities or a jurisdiction. For larger projects, the A/E team shall have a BIM Manager to coordinate BIM use among the discipline teams.

Team Discipline BIM Managers

BIM Discipline Managers are the primary discipline modelers on a project. They work with the BIM Manager on all activities related to their model. Minimum responsibilities include:

Coordinating discipline model at BIM meetings and reviews.

Adhering to AOC standards and guidelines within the discipline.

Supporting team information requirements.

Supporting model merging.

Working with other modelers on BIM uses.

AOC Project Manager – BIM Oversight Responsibilities

The AOC Project Manager/team shall facilitate the coordination, organization and direction of the integrated team with respect to project requirements that impact BIM development. This may be done with the cooperation of the A/E BIM Manager, support of a CMa and/or PPM.

If BIM is to be used on a project, the AOC Project Manager should review the scope of work to ensure that the teams competing for the project understand that BIM use is a requirement.

The AOC Project Manager or managing team participates in the creation, review and approval of the

Project BIM Execution Plan (BIMPxP). They:

o Develop initial AOC project information for the BIMPxP meetings.

o Review the responsibilities, actions and completion requirements.

o Review the overall BIM project schedule for BIMPxP compliance.

o Facilitate stakeholder reviews and deliver feedback to the team regarding revisions.

o Ensure that the BIMPxP, once accepted is adhered to for the duration of the project.

o Facilitate project team responses to modifications by jurisdictions.

o Coordinate with AOC Technical Services to review the model for standards compliance and all project deliverables, including as-built BIM.

3. AOC BIM REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Model Ownership and After Project Use

The Record Model (final Project Master Model) deliverable, the as-built model, all sub-models, model objects and elements, the associated and embedded data, BIM reports, and all views within the construction set or used as presentation are part of the instrument of service and considered a component of the Design and

Construction Documents which the AOC owns. These items may be used and re-used at the AOC’s discretion for additional facility lifecycle and new project needs beyond the original project execution and project information turnover. Figure 3-1 shows this process graphically: The Operations and Maintenance data is extracted from the BIM using COBie to populate the Computerized Maintenance Management System

(CMMS) which, in turn, can be used to update the BIM for future projects.

Figure 3-1 The BIM provides data for Operations and Maintenance (O&M).

No parties involved in creating the model shall be held responsible for costs, expenses, liabilities or damages, which may result from the use of the model after project completion or beyond the uses described and agreed to in the original project SOW and documented in the BIMPxP.

3.2 Model and Data Security and Shared File Server

The A/E or other responsible party for the project collaboration environment shall establish protocols for model and data security, permissions, and access rights to the stakeholders. These access controls shall be subject to AOC review and approval. These shall be referenced in a user access matrix as part of the

BIMPxP. This environment will establish a single point to upload, share and exchange models and project data. The same server shall be used to assemble project deliverables at pre-defined milestones across the project phases. AOC Project Managers and assigned PPM personnel shall have access to this collaboration site.

3.3 BIM Deliverables

To the current list of project deliverables,28 the AOC adds the BIM Record Model and all sub-models, model views, and referenced reports and schedules in the construction documentation. The BIM will be in .DGN format delivered on CD-ROM or DVD or using secure file transfer protocol (sftp) using AOC’s security specification. The linked model views and referenced discipline sub-models will be maintained in the master model.

Hard Copy

Requirements for traditional reproducible and printed copies of design and construction documents are enumerated in the A/E’s contract.29 Before delivering the model or construction documentation files to the

AOC, any unnecessary drawing layers, groupings and components that are not part of the actual design must be deleted from the model. These may also include “temporary,” “working,” “scratch,” “underlay” layers, stories, and/or other logical or graphical groupings.

File Formats

BIM Models and Construction Set files shall be exported as .DGN files and as PDF. In addition, Industry

Foundation Class (IFC) files may be required. All subcontractors providing modeling are required to have the capability of saving BIMs in .DGN or the most current version of IFC. A .DWG may be saved from Bentley if needed. Any use of file formats other than Bentley .DGN shall be documented in the BIMPxP.

Non-editable model and construction documentation may be saved as PDF. I-model (3D model) can be saved in PDF.

3.4 BIM Software

The AOC supports the use of IFC compliant software and industry standards for BIM use. PPM periodically reviews software interoperability and industry standards to enhance AOC BIM efficiencies, to maintain flexibility of model manipulation and exploration, and to sustain or improve information flow. PPM will make project stakeholders aware of the current version of any software to be used before project execution.

The software versions will be documented in the BIMPxP and maintained throughout the project unless approved by the AOC and the Project BIM Manager. Any deviation from this requirement must be approved by the AOC prior to commencing design.

BIM-Authoring Tools

The AOC currently requires Bentley AECOsim, V8i SELECT Series 3 – Architecture, Bentley Building

Electrical, Bentley Building Mechanical, and Bentley Structural BIM.30

28 Section 4.7, A/E Design Manual.

29 ibid.

30 “Workspaces,” Section 1, p.14, A/E Design Manual.pdf.

Contractor and Trades Software

The GC shall list the software and version they and their subcontractors will be using for BIM authoring, shop drawings or fabrication on a project in the software section of the project BIMPxP. Any software, not currently approved by the AOC for use on its projects, must be tested for graphic and data exchange compatibility and approved by the AOC prior to commencement of work.

Additional Software

Additional third party applications compatible with Bentley BIM and IFC 2x3 that provide additional BIM use or reporting capabilities may be considered for AOC projects. Examples include: Trelligence Affinity for programming, Bentley FM, I-model, Bentley View (free viewer), Bentley Navigator, Model Server Publisher, Microsoft

Project, Primavera, or Synchro for scheduling and 4D31, Autodesk Navisworks for clash detection and viewing, EcoDomus for managing and extracting COBie data, Solibri Model Checker for model integrity review, and Energy

Analysis AECOsim Energy Simulator software, used to predict building energy usage and loads.

3.5 BIM Project Management Requirements

There are several NBIMS32 and industry best practices that the AOC adheres to for BIM projects.

Model Quality Assurance and Validation

BIM quality assurance and validation is jointly managed by the BIM Manager, the project team involved in

BIM use and the AOC. The assurance methodology will be documented in the project BIMPxP. Quality assurance should be exercised at the point of creation33 in the form of visual inspection model reviews, component reporting and partial merged models to detect34 object/element interferences. The main objective of the AOC BIM Quality Assurance and Validation (QA/V) requirement is to detect potential modeling, program conformance and BIM-use issues as early as possible, and then identify any discrepancies and correct any deficiencies before they negatively impact model use, the project goals or other downstream providers.35 The BIM QA/V process determines if the BIM, as authored, coordinated and used, meets the prescribed AOC modeling requirements in the SOW, integrates the necessary data standards, and performs as documented in the BIMPxP.

Each discipline modeling team is responsible for the quality of its model, and shall perform quality assurance on its working models36 in the form of visual inspection model reviews, component reporting and partial merged models to detect37 object/element interferences. This periodic interference checking (See Interference

Checking, Section 1.8) will help the team avert end-of-design “clash detection” results that potentially stop work and require re-design.

The goal of this BIM requirement is to improve the quality of the model and modeling processes to meet

AOC needs, ensuring a functional, high-quality project as the result. The review schedule or reporting will be documented in the BIMPxP.

31 4D – A model-based simulation used to show changes to the model over time as the 4th dimension or axis.

32 NBIMS – National BIM Standard.

33 This approximates a Lean principle.

34 See Clash Detection Use Case. See Section 3.8.

35 This also follows Lean principles.

36 Working models are models in progress, not finished deliverables. Quality assurance is a continuous process.

37 See Clash Detection Use Case.

For smaller projects QA/V should take place before the creation of dynamic views, and construction drawing creation. The models should be 100 percent accurate before construction documentation is annotated.

Data and Classification Standards

Objects and spaces…