05A11 Appendix A.11 3Generic Extra Small CFD Package.pdf
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This document contains Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation reports analyzing cooling system performance in extra small computer rooms for use within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The reports evaluate two room configurations—a rectangular version (20 ft × 39.5 ft) and a square version (24 ft × 32.5 ft)—both with 12 ft ceiling heights and identical equipment configurations: 2 downflow CRACs (Computer Room Air Conditioning units), 10 server racks, 2 hot boxes, and partitioning elements. Both simulations assume one CRAC unit failure, with the operational CRAC (Liebert DS053AS/AD/DS/DD model) supplying 8,000 CFM against a total heat load demand of 45.5 kW and 7,497 CFM airflow requirement, achieving adequate cooling with all heat loads successfully managed by the single functioning downflow unit.
The rectangular configuration demonstrates marginally higher temperature concerns, with one rack exceeding 80°F maximum inlet temperature and two racks between 75–80°F, while nine racks remained below 70°F. The square configuration performs optimally, with all 12 racks (including hot boxes) maintaining inlet temperatures below 70°F. Both rooms maintain a heat load density of approximately 61–62 W/sq ft across net floor areas of 732–742 sq ft. Thermal visualization data at multiple heights (4 feet and 10.5 feet above floor) and three-dimensional temperature fog representations illustrate airflow patterns and temperature stratification. The reports provide detailed rack-by-rack temperature metrics, including inlet/outlet temperatures and airflow volumes, demonstrating the adequacy of the current cooling infrastructure under single-unit failure scenarios.
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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation - Extra Small Computer Room - Rectangle Version
This report contains the results and images from a CFD simulation. It shows the performance of the current cooling system in this representation of a generic extra small computer room for use within VA.
Data Center & Infrastructure Engineering Solution Delivery, DevSecOps, OIT
Geometry and Objects Data Center Dimensions
Item Value Floor Length 20.0 ft Floor Width 39.5 ft Tile Size 24.0 inch UF Plenum Height 0.0 inch Real Ceiling Height 12.0 ft
Object Count Object Count Downflow CRACs 2 Server Racks 10 Hot Boxes 2 Vertical Partitions 6 Horizontal Partitions 1
Downflow CRACs by Style Downflow CRAC Style Total Units Failed Units Total Airflow (CFM) Nominal Cooling (Ton) Nominal Cooling (kW)
Liebert DS053AS/AD/DS/DD 2 1 8,000 15.1 53.2
Racks by Style Rack Style Total Racks Turned Off Total Heat Load (kW) Total Airflow (CFM)
CPI TeraFrame 60 cm x 110 cm x 45 U (Ducted) 6 0 30.0 4,731
CPI TeraFrame NF8N with Chimney 4 0 11.2 1,766
Heat Load/Cooling Airflow Total Heat Load and Airflow
Item Value Net Floor Area 742 sq ft Heat Load Density 61.2 W/sq ft Total Heat Load 45.5 kW Total Airflow Demand 7,497 CFM Total Airflow Supplied 8,000 CFM
Cooling Airflow Supplied Source Value Downflow CRACs 8,000 CFM Special CRACs 0.0 CFM Upflow CRACs 0.0 CFM In-Row Coolers 0.0 CFM Overhead Coolers 0.0 CFM Spot Coolers 0.0 CFM UF Vents (Net) 0.0 CFM AF Inlet Vents 0.0 CFM
Summary of AF Results Total Heat Load and Cooling
Item Value Total Airflow Demand 7,497 CFM Total Airflow Supply 8,000 CFM Total Heat Load 45.5 kW Cooling by Cooling Units 45.5 kW
Heat Loads and Cooling Achieved Item kW Ton Server Rack Heat Load 41.2 11.7 Hot Box Heat Load 4.26 1.21 Cooling by Downflow CRACs 45.5 12.9 Cooling by Upflow CRACs 0.0 0.0 Cooling by RDHx 0.0 0.0 Cooling by In-Row Coolers 0.0 0.0 Cooling by Overhead Coolers 0.0 0.0 Cooling by Spot Coolers 0.0 0.0 Cooling by Inlet Vents 0.0 0.0
Rack Temperature Results Rack Statistics
Range of Max Inlet Temp Number of Racks Above 80 F 1 Between 75 F and 80 F 0 Between 70 F and 75 F 2 Below 70 F 9
Hot Boxes are included
Rack Temperatures in Detail No. Rack or HotBox Name Xref Yref Heat Load Nominal Airflow Actual Airflow TinMax ToutMax Tbot_F Tmid_F Ttop_F
1 Row 2 - HDA A_1 7.0 6.1 2.80 442 824 67.8 78.5 67.2 67.6 67.7
2 Row 2 - HDA A 10.4 6.1 2.80 442 782 68.6 79.9 67.4 67.7 67.8
3 Row 2 - Rack 8 SD 13.8 6.0 5.00 789 896 69.2 86.8 67.5 68.0 68.7
4 Row 2 - Rack 9 SD 15.8 6.0 5.00 789 854 69.0 87.5 67.8 67.9 68.5
5 Row 2 - Rack 10 SD 17.8 6.0 5.00 789 818 68.7 88.0 67.9 67.7 68.2
6 Row 2 - Rack 3 SD 19.8 6.0 5.00 789 791 68.2 88.1 67.9 67.7 67.9
7 Row 2 - Rack 1 SD 21.8 6.0 5.00 789 770 68.0 88.5 67.9 67.7 67.7
8 Row 2 - Rack 2 SD 23.8 6.0 5.00 789 750 68.0 89.1 68.0 67.8 67.7
9 Row 2 - HDA B_1 25.8 6.1 2.80 442 452 69.8 89.4 68.1 67.9 67.8
10 Row 2 - HDA B 29.1 6.1 2.80 442 446 71.4 91.2 68.8 68.1 67.9
11 Hot Box 1 25.3 16.4 2.13 500 500 88.6 90.9
12 Hot Box 1_1 7.3 16.4 2.13 500 500 70.5 83.1
Xref and Yref in ft; Heat Load in kW; Airflow in CFM; Temperatures in F.
Results for Cooling Units Downflow CRACs: Cooling & Temperatures
Name Xref Yref Airflow T_Return T_Supply Cooling (Ton) Cooling (kW)
CRAC 1 3.0 2.8 8,000 85.4 66.3 12.9 45.5
CRAC 1_1 36.5 11.0 turned off ----- ----- ----- -----
Xref and Yref in ft; Airflow in CFM; Temperatures in F; Cooling Produced in Ton and kW.
Four Feet Above Floor
Temperature Fog
X Axis View
One CRAC Failed
Y Axis View
One CRAC Failed
10.5 Feet Above the Floor
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation - Extra Small Computer Room - Square Version
This report contains the results and images from a CFD simulation. It shows the performance of the current cooling system in this extra small computer room for use within VA.
Data Center and Infrastructure Engineering Solution Delivery, DevSecOps, OIT
Geometry and Objects Data Center Dimensions
Item Value Floor Length 24.0 ft Floor Width 32.5 ft Tile Size 24.0 inch UF Plenum Height 0.0 inch Real Ceiling Height 12.0 ft
Object Count Object Count Downflow CRACs 2 Server Racks 10 Hot Boxes 2 Vertical Partitions 6 Horizontal Partitions 2
Downflow CRACs by Style Downflow CRAC Style Total Units Failed Units Total Airflow (CFM) Nominal Cooling (Ton) Nominal Cooling (kW)
Liebert DS053AS/AD/DS/DD 2 1 8,000 15.1 53.2
Racks by Style Rack Style Total Racks Turned Off Total Heat Load (kW) Total Airflow (CFM)
CPI TeraFrame 60 cm x 110 cm x 45 U (Ducted) 6 0 30.0 4,731
CPI TeraFrame NF8N with Chimney 4 0 11.2 1,766
Heat Load/Cooling Airflow Total Heat Load and Airflow
Item Value Net Floor Area 732 sq ft Heat Load Density 62.1 W/sq ft Total Heat Load 45.5 kW Total Airflow Demand 7,497 CFM Total Airflow Supplied 8,000 CFM
Cooling Airflow Supplied Source Value Downflow CRACs 8,000 CFM Special CRACs 0.0 CFM Upflow CRACs 0.0 CFM In-Row Coolers 0.0 CFM Overhead Coolers 0.0 CFM Spot Coolers 0.0 CFM UF Vents (Net) 0.0 CFM AF Inlet Vents 0.0 CFM
Summary of AF Results Total Heat Load and Cooling
Item Value Total Airflow Demand 7,497 CFM Total Airflow Supply 8,000 CFM Total Heat Load 45.5 kW Cooling by Cooling Units 45.5 kW
Heat Loads and Cooling Achieved Item kW Ton Server Rack Heat Load 41.2 11.7 Hot Box Heat Load 4.26 1.21 Cooling by Downflow CRACs 45.5 12.9 Cooling by Upflow CRACs 0.0 0.0 Cooling by RDHx 0.0 0.0 Cooling by In-Row Coolers 0.0 0.0 Cooling by Overhead Coolers 0.0 0.0 Cooling by Spot Coolers 0.0 0.0 Cooling by Inlet Vents 0.0 0.0
Rack Temperature Results Rack Statistics
Range of Max Inlet Temp Number of Racks Above 80 F 0 Between 75 F and 80 F 0 Between 70 F and 75 F 0 Below 70 F 12
Hot Boxes are included
Rack Temperatures in Detail No. Rack or HotBox Name Xref Yref Heat Load Nominal Airflow Actual Airflow TinMax ToutMax Tbot_F Tmid_F Ttop_F
1 Row 2 - HDA B 10.7 17.7 2.80 442 657 68.0 81.5 67.9 68.0 68.0
2 Row 2 - HDA B_1 14.0 17.7 2.80 442 619 67.9 82.2 67.9 67.9 67.9
3 Row 2 - Rack 2 SD 16.0 18.0 5.00 789 841 68.2 86.9 68.1 68.0 67.9
4 Row 2 - Rack 1 SD 18.0 18.0 5.00 789 831 68.3 87.3 68.3 68.1 67.9
5 Row 2 - Rack 3 SD 20.0 18.0 5.00 789 820 68.4 87.6 68.4 68.3 68.0
6 Row 2 - Rack 10 SD 13.0 6.1 5.00 789 866 68.2 86.4 68.2 67.8 67.2
7 Row 2 - Rack 8 SD 15.0 6.0 5.00 789 845 68.3 87.0 68.3 68.0 67.4
8 Row 2 - Rack 9 SD 17.0 6.0 5.00 789 825 68.3 87.4 68.3 68.2 67.6
9 Row 2 - HDA A_1 19.0 6.4 2.80 442 568 68.1 83.7 68.1 67.9 67.6
10 Row 2 - HDA A 22.4 6.4 2.80 442 558 68.1 83.9 68.0 67.9 67.8
11 Hot Box 1 7.2 6.4 2.13 500 500 67.4 80.6
12 Hot Box 1_1 25.8 17.7 2.13 500 500 68.2 81.6
Xref and Yref in ft; Heat Load in kW; Airflow in CFM; Temperatures in F.
Results for Cooling Units Downflow CRACs: Cooling & Temperatures
Name Xref Yref Airflow T_Return T_Supply Cooling (Ton) Cooling (kW)
CRAC 1 3.0 8.0 8,000 85.3 66.4 12.9 45.5
CRAC 1_1 29.5 16.2 turned off ----- ----- ----- -----
Xref and Yref in ft; Airflow in CFM; Temperatures in F; Cooling Produced in Ton and kW.
Temperature Fog
Four Feet Above Floor
X Axis
Y Axis
10.5 Feet Above Floor
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