18-Exhibit 5 - Technical Specifications -HC Full Depth Reclamation with Asphalt Emulsion 8.4.25.pdf

Page | 1 – Full Depth Reclamation Technical Specifications

I. Qualifications:

For installation of the following pay items, all contractors and their subcontractors shall be FDOT prequalified. The Bidder shall demonstrate recent experience in providing substantially similar services, including full depth reclamation (with emulsion stabilization) projects. Bidders may be required to submit detailed information regarding the staff that they propose for this project. Contractor shall be capable of meeting all the requirements of this specification at the time of the bid. Staff shall have the option to inspect the Contractor’s equipment and if found deficient, it shall be the basis for rejection of Contractor’s bid.

II. Scope:

This work shall consist of the preparation of a stabilized base course composed of a mixture of the existing bituminous concrete pavement, existing base course material and emulsified asphalt and other additives. The manufacturing of the stabilized base course shall be done by in-place pulverizing and blending of the existing pavement and base materials, and the introduction of asphalt emulsion and additives if called for in the Special Conditions or design mix formula. The process which results in a stabilized base course shall be accomplished in accordance with these specifications and conform to the lines and grades established by the engineer.

Existing asphalt pavement shall be pulverized by a method that does not damage the material below the plan depth as shown on the appropriate roadway section.

III. Materials:

a. RAP: Materials must meet all requirements specified in the 2017 Florida Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction 283-2, except that 98% of all material is required to pass through a 50 mm (2 inch) sieve.

b. Additional Base Materials: Additional base materials may be needed for adjusting grade elevations as directed by the engineer, or for widening. When such additional material is required, it shall be among those bases listed in FDOT Design Standards as General Use Optional Base Materials and meet applicable FDOT requirements for such.

c. Asphalt Emulsion: When asphalt emulsion treatment is specified, asphalt emulsion, type CSS-1h or CMS-2h mod., meeting the requirements of ASTM D2397-98, shall be utilized.

d. Portland Cement: When a blend of asphalt emulsion and Portland cement is specified the Portland cement shall be type I or II and conform to the latest standard requirements of ASTM C150 and AASHTO M85. If cement is added with emulsion no more than 4% shall be used on the project, unless approved by the Engineer.

e. Water: The water for the base course compaction and foaming additive shall be clean and free from sewage, oil, acid, strong alkalies, or vegetable matter and it shall be in

EXHIBIT 5

SECTION 01800

FULL DEPTH RECLAMATION WITH ASPHALT EMULSION

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Page | 2 – Full Depth Reclamation Technical Specifications sufficient supply for mixing and curing. Water of questionable quality shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of AASHTO T 26.

f. Soil: The soil base to be reclaimed shall be evaluated by a professional geotechnical engineering laboratory to determine suitability in the stabilization process. The soil shall be free of roots, sod, weeds, and shall not contain gravel or stone retained on a 1-inch (25 mm) sieve, or more than 45% retained on a No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve, as determined by

ASTM C 136.

IV. Equipment:

a. Road Reclaimer: Shall be originally designed for pavement reclaiming of a size equal to or larger than a Caterpillar Model RM-350B with comparable specifications including horsepower and rotor size. The reclaimer shall be capable of pulverizing and mixing pavement, base materials, and subgrade soil to depth of 16 inches. It shall have the capability of introducing and metering additives uniformly and accurately and that positive displacement pumps accurately meter the planned amount of asphalt emulsion into the mixture. The reclaiming machine shall mix the emulsified asphalt additive thoroughly with the RAP and soil materials. The pump shall be mechanically or electronically interlocked with the ground speed of the machine. The asphalt metering system and water metering system shall be capable of continuously monitoring (GPM) flow, and totaling the quantity of water and asphalt applied into the mixing chamber.

Additives shall be uniformly distributed and mixed with the pulverized material, any existing underlying material as specified.

b. Motor Grader: Shall be of sufficient size and horsepower to adequately rough grade the pulverized base and rough and finish grade the mixed and compacted base. The equipment shall be in good working order free from leaks and capable of maintaining an accurate grade and cross-slope.

c. Rollers: Shall be in good working order free from leaks and capable of compacting the mix to the requirements of this specification: Vibratory rollers shall be a minimum of 10 tons and capable of rolling in either vibratory or static mode. Three-wheel static rollers shall be a minimum of 11 tons. Pneumatic tire rollers shall have a minimum of 9 oscillating wheels with smooth, low-pressure tires (pressure shall be equally matched in all tires within 5 PSI) and weigh at least 20 tons. Initial compaction shall be accomplished by either single or dual drum vibratory or three-wheel roller static rollers.

d. Additional equipment: Additional equipment will be needed to complete the operations required by this technical provision. All equipment necessary for the successful completion of projects governed by this technical provision shall be included in the unit costs associated herein. Availability of quality assurance devices (such as a 15' straight edge) shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.

e. Cement Delivery Equipment: Ensure cement is spread uniformly and accurately during the reclamation process with a cement spreader. The cement spreader shall be equipped with a bag house, curtains and capable of spreading 25 tons at one time before being reloaded. Cement will not be allowed to be spread with spreader bars from

Page | 3 – Full Depth Reclamation Technical Specifications a tanker. Minimize the amount of airborne cement dust to the satisfaction of the Engineer and in accordance with OSHA regulations.

V. Construction:

a. Layout: The Contractor will be responsible for the string lining and lay out of the roadway prior to paving. Elevations of the existing road must be referenced at sufficient intervals to ensure the roadway elevation is not changed in any location after final surface is placed. Method for layout and line and elevation reference must be approved by the engineer prior to beginning work. It is imperative that roadway elevations remain unchanged except cross slope correction or as approved by the engineer.

b. Weather and Seasonal limitations: The base shall not be mixed or placed while the atmospheric temperature is below 35 F (2 C) or when conditions indicate that the temperature may fall below 35 F (2 C) within 24 hours, or when the weather is foggy or rainy, or when the soil or sub grade is frozen.

c. Mix Design: Prior to construction, obtain an adequate number of core samples to develop the mix design(s). Representative samples of the asphalt pavement material, underlying base material, and virgin materials, where applicable, shall be supplied to a nationally accredited laboratory for testing to determine the proportions of asphalt emulsion or foamed asphalt, and other additives, if necessary, needed to produce a mix design meeting the requirements of Table 332-1. The optimum binder content shall be the binder content that results in the highest wet tensile strength while also having 70% retained tensile strength compared to the dry strength and additionally has a minimum 2500 pounds. Marshall stability. The mix design shall be signed and sealed by a professional engineer and submitted to the Engineer prior to use for approval.

Table 332-1

Mix Design Criteria Test Test Method Number Criteria

Gradation of reclaimed material AASHTO T 27-11 Report Determination of optimum binder content

Compaction effort at optimum fluids content. Marshall Compactor; 50 blows/side or Superpave Gyratory Compactor, 100 mm diameter specimens, 30 gyrations.

Density determination.

Asphalt Institute MS 14, Appendix F.

ASTM D6926-10

AASHTO T 312-12

FM 1-T 166

Report

Marshall stability Cure at 60°C to constant weight.

Test at 40°C.

ASTM D6927-06 2500 lbs. minimum stability

Resistance of compacted bituminous mixture to moisture induced damage. 55 to 75% vacuum saturation, water bath at 25°C for 23 hours, last hour in water bath at 40°C.

AASHTO T 283-07 (2011)

70% minimum retained tensile strength

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d. Widening: When the existing base is to be widened, the Contractor shall excavate the shoulder from the edge of the existing pavement to at least 6 inches beyond the planned new width of the base prior to pulverization. All costs involved in collecting, hauling, and disposing of these materials shall be borne by the Contractor.

The bottom of the trench shall be kept free of loose soil and vegetation. Approved base material (those bases listed in FDOT Design Standards as General Use Optional Base Materials) shall be placed in the excavation uniformly and without loss or contamination. The Contractor shall correct all areas of irregular grade or deficient thickness and shall remove and replace material contaminated with soil, organic material, or debris.

After the final pass of the reclaimer, soil shall be drawn up against the widening material to close the excavation, and the shoulder shall be graded and compacted to produce a firm, even surface.

e. Additional Material: When additional material is to be added to correct cross slope deficiencies or change elevation as directed by the engineer, approved base material (those bases listed in FDOT Design Standards as General Use Optional Base Materials) shall be placed on the roadway prior to final pass for pulverization and mixed uniformly with the existing material.

f. Pulverization: The existing pavement and base material shall be pulverized and blended to the depth required so the entire mass of material shall be uniformly graded to the following gradation:

SIEVE SIZE PERCENT PASSING

2” 98 - 100 1-1/2” 95

Material gradation may vary due to local aggregates and conditions. Multiple passes of the reclaimer may be necessary to achieve the required gradation.

The asphalt emulsion or asphalt and water (to produce a foamed asphalt) shall be introduced into the mix through the reclaimer uniformly and accurately and metered such that areas are of equal consistency and moisture content. The reclaimed material and additives shall be combined in place to meet the requirements specified in such proportions that the reclaimed mixture is of acceptable composition and stability.

Before the start and at the end of each day’s work and at any time requested, the engineer must be permitted access to the mixing equipment in order to read the meter to verify the quantity of asphalt emulsion applied during the day’s work. Field adjustments shall be made as necessary to the recommended mix design under the guidance of a knowledgeable and competent technician or superintendent to obtain a satisfactory reclaimed mixture of consistent composition and stability throughout the Project.

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After the material has been processed, it shall be compacted to the lines, grades, and depth required. Water may be applied to ensure optimum moisture content at the time of mixing and compaction.

g. Compaction: Commence rolling with self propelled rollers as required by this technical provision at the low side of the course, except leave 3 to 6 inches from any unsupported edge or edges unrolled initially to prevent distortion. Density readings shall be taken by Contractor’s licensed nuclear gauge operator and witnessed by the Engineer/inspector.

A control strip of not less than 500 feet shall be constructed to develop proper rolling/compaction patterns and methods to obtain desired density. Whenever there is a change in the reclaimed material or compaction method, equipment or unacceptable results occur, a new control strip shall be constructed, tested and analyzed.

Rollers shall move at a uniform speed that shall not exceed 8 km/hour (5 miles/hour).

For static rollers, the drive drum normally shall be in the forward position or nearest to the paver. Vibratory rollers shall be operated at the speed, frequency and amplitude required to obtain the required density and prevent defects in the mat.

The number, weight and type of rollers furnished shall be sufficient to obtain the required compaction of the reclaimed material. The field density of the compacted mixture shall be at least 98 percent of the maximum density of laboratory specimens prepared from samples of the base material taken from the material in place. The specimens shall be compacted in accordance with ASTM D 558. The in-place field density shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D 2922.

Any pavement shoving or other unacceptable displacement shall be corrected. The cause of the displacement shall be determined and corrective action taken immediately and before continuing rolling. Care shall be exercised in rolling the edges of the reclaimed mixture, so the line and grade of the edge are maintained.

At the end of each day's production, a transverse construction joint shall be formed by a header or by cutting back into the compacted material to form a true vertical face free of loose material. The protection provided for construction joints shall permit the placing, spreading, and compacting of base material without injury to the work previously laid. Where it is necessary to operate or turn any equipment on the completed base course, sufficient protection and cover shall be provided to prevent damage to the finished surface. A supply of mats or wooden planks shall be maintained and used as approved and directed by the Engineer.

h. Finishing: Finishing operations shall be completed and the base course shall conform to the required lines, grades, and cross section. If necessary, the surface shall be lightly scarified to eliminate any imprints made by the compacting or shaping equipment. The surface shall then be recompacted to the required density. Correct all irregularities greater than ½” over ten feet to the satisfaction of the engineer.

i. Protection and Curing: After the base course has been finished as specified herein, it shall be protected against drying for a period of 2 to 3 days by the application of a prime coat as specified in FDOT Standard Specifications section 300 at a rate of not less than

0.15 gal/sy. The curing method shall begin as soon as possible, but no later than 24

Page | 6 – Full Depth Reclamation Technical Specifications hours after the completion of finishing operations. The finished base course shall be kept moist continuously until the curing material is placed.

At the time the prime coat is applied, the surface shall be dense, free of all loose and extraneous material, and shall contain sufficient moisture to prevent penetration of the bituminous material. Water shall be applied in sufficient quantity to fill the surface voids immediately before the bituminous curing material is applied.

The curing material shall be maintained and re-applied as needed by the Contractor during the 7-day protection period so that all of the soil-cement will be covered effectively during this period. Finished portions of soil-cement that are used by equipment in constructing an adjoining section shall be protected to prevent equipment from marring or damaging the completed work.

When the air temperature may be expected to reach the freezing point, sufficient protection from freezing shall be given the soil-cement for 7 days after its construction and until it has hardened.

j. Thickness: The average thickness of the base constructed during one day shall be within 1/2 inch (12 mm) of the thickness required, except that the thickness of any one point may be within 3/4 inch (19 mm) of that required. Where the average thickness shown by the measurements made in one day's construction is not within the tolerance given, the Engineer shall evaluate the area and determine if, in his/her opinion, it shall be reconstructed at the Contractor's expense or the deficiency deducted from the total material in place.

VI. Sampling and Testing:

Quality Control:

a. Moisture/density relationship of reclaimed base: Establish a wet/dry density relationship for density specification compliance by obtaining a sample at the location of each nuclear density measurement, at a frequency of once per 1000 square yards.

Determine the moisture content in accordance with AASHTO T 110-03 (2011), AASHTO T 265-12, or ASTM D 4643-08.

b. In-place field density: Perform one nuclear density test per 1000 square yards. The dry field density (i.e. corrected gauge wet density) of the compacted mixture shall be at least 98.0 percent of the maximum laboratory dry density. No individual density test shall be lower than 92.0 percent of the maximum laboratory dry density. If one density test is below 92.0 percent or two consecutive density tests are below 98.0 percent of the maximum laboratory dry density, cease production and resolve the issue to the satisfaction of the Engineer before resuming production.

c. Marshall stability: Perform Marshall stability testing twice per day or once per day if less than 1500 square yards is reclaimed. Meet the requirements of Table 332-1. If the Marshall stability does not meet the requirements of Table 332-1, cease production and resolve the issue to the satisfaction of the Engineer before resuming production.

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d. Retained tensile strength: Perform retained tensile strength testing twice per day or once per day if less than 1500 square yards is reclaimed. Meet the requirements of Table 332-1. If the retained tensile strength does not meet the requirements of Table 332-1, cease production and resolve the issue to the satisfaction of the Engineer before resuming production.

e. Depth of mixing: Determine the depth of mixing at least once per 250 square yards.

Meet the requirements of 332-5.7.

f. Cross slope measurement: Meet the requirements of Table 330-4.

Table 330-4 Cross Slope Acceptance Tolerance

Roadway Feature Individual Absolute Deviation

Average Absolute Deviation

Tangent Section (including turn lanes) 0.4% 0.2%

Superelevated curve 0.4% 0.2% Shoulder 0.5% 0.5%

*In the event that the distance between two edges of deficient areas is less than 100 feet, the correction work shall include the area between the deficient sections.

Additional sampling and testing may be required if significant changes in RAP are observed, such as a much coarser or finer gradation or a noticeable difference in asphalt content, or when there is considerable variability in the field test results.

All delivery tickets and notes regarding any materials brought to the project site to complete this Contract must be given to the Engineer/Inspector upon delivery to the project site.

VII. Method of Measurement:

If a pay item is listed on the Bid Form for work required in this Technical Provision, the quantity to be paid shall be as specified in the Bid Form including all items of work described herein. Any item necessary for Full Depth Reclamation with Asphalt Emulsion, and not specifically listed in another item in the Bid Form, shall be included in the SY Price for Pulverization including but not limited to shaping, compacting, finish grading, prime coat, sanding prime coat. Cost for introduction of asphaltic cement into the mixture shall be included in the per GL cost for Asphalt Emulsion. Cost for excavation for widening will be included in the CY Price for Excavation. Cost for additional materials needed for widening or adjustment of grade as directed by the engineer shall be included in the per TON Price for General Use Optional Base Material.

VIII. Basis of Payment:

The work specified within this specification consists of all materials, labor, and equipment, necessary to complete the work as defined above, to the satisfaction and approval of the engineer. No additional payment will be provided for any item necessary for the completion of this contract as detailed in the specifications.

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Bid Item - FULL DEPTH RECLAMATION, BASE, 8-INCH AVG. DEPTH (FDR), Per Square Yard (SY)

Bid Item - FULL DEPTH RECLAMATION, BASE, 10-INCH AVG. DEPTH (FDR), Per Square Yard (SY)

Bid Item - EMULSION (FDR/CIR), Per Gallon (GAL)

Bid Item - PORTLAND CEMENT (4% MAXIMUM) (FDR/CIR), Per Ton (TN)

Bid Item - COMPACT AND GRADE (FDR/CIR), Per Square Yard (SY)

Bid Item - BASE MATERIAL (FDR/CIR), Per Ton (TN)

Bid Item - REMOVAL OF UNSUITABLE MATERIAL (FDR/CIR), Per Cubic Yard (CY)