TE-16_TRADOC_Regulation_350-50-3.pdf

Department of the Army *TRADOC Regulation 350-50-3 Headquarters, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command Fort Eustis, Virginia 23604-5711

23 June 2014

Training

MISSION COMMAND TRAINING PROGRAM

FOR THE COMMANDER:

OFFICIAL: KEVIN W. MANGUM

Lieutenant General, U.S. Army Deputy Commanding General/ Chief of Staff

CHARLES E. HARRIS, III

Colonel, GS Deputy Chief of Staff, G-6

History. This publication is a major revision, as result of revisions to AR 350-50, 3 April 2013.

This regulation is directed in AR 350-50, Chapter 2-15p.

Summary. This regulation outlines the organization and procedures of the Mission Command Training Program (MCTP), formerly Battle Command Training Program. It also prescribes policies, procedures, and responsibilities for headquarters (HQ) and commands conducting training supported by the MCTP. This regulation also stipulates requirements for Army commands (ACOMs) to support the training events of subordinate training audiences. The current operating environment compels joint training with other services and combined training with allied/coalition partners. While this document is directive for the MCTP, it is written with regard to cross-service and combined training where that participation is within the MCTP guidelines.

Applicability. This regulation applies to Army units (Active, U.S. Army Reserve, and Army National Guard) involved in training with the MCTP. When applicable, this regulation specifically addresses differences between these components.

Proponent and exception authority. The proponent of this regulation is the Deputy Commanding General-Training, Combined Arms Center (CAC-T). The proponent has the authority to approve exceptions or waivers to this supplement that are consistent with *This regulation supersedes TRADOC Regulation 350-50-3, 11 September 2002.

TRADOC Regulation 350-50-3 controlling law and regulations. The proponent may delegate this approval authority in writing, to a division chief with the proponent agency or its direct reporting unit or field operating agency, in the grade of colonel or the civilian equivalent. Activities may request a waiver to this regulation by providing justification that includes a full analysis of the expected benefits and must include formal review by the activity’s senior legal officer. All waiver requests will be endorsed by the commander or senior leader of the requesting activity and forwarded through higher headquarters to the policy proponent.

Army management control process. This regulation does not contain management control provisions.

Supplementation. Supplementation of this regulation is prohibited without prior approval from the Combined Arms Center-Training Headquarters 201 Augur Ave. (Attn: ATZL-CT); Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027.

Suggested Improvements. Send comments and suggested improvements on Department of the Army (DA) Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to Combined Arms Center-Training Headquarters 201 Augur Ave. (Attn: ATZL-CT); Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027. Suggested improvements may also be submitted using DA Form 1045 (Army Ideas for Excellence Program Proposal).

Availability. This regulation is only available on the TRADOC Homepage at http://www.tradoc.army.mil/tpubs/.

Summary of Changes

U.S Army Training and Doctrine Command

This major revision, dated 23 June 2014-o Revised to align with the current Chief of Staff of the Army Warfighter Exercise guidance (throughout).

o Updates the Mission Command Training Program mission, key tasks, task organization, planning, programming, and budgeting (chap 1).

o Updates policies, procedures, and responsibilities for headquarters and commands conducting training supported by the Mission Command Training Program (chap 2).

o Updates the Mission Command Training Program exercise capacity (para 1-6).

o Updates J7 integration during joint exercises (throughout).

http://www.tradoc.army.mil/tpubs/ o Updates Unified Action Partners in the Mission Command Training Program supported exercises (throughout).

o Updates the Mission Command Training Program exercise planning, event life cycle, Mission Command Training design and standards (chap 3).

o Updates formatting (throughout).

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Contents page Chapter 1 Introduction

1-1. Purpose 1-2. References 1-3. Explanation of abbreviations and terms 1-4. The Mission Command Training Program (MCTP) mission and key tasks 1-5. Organizational Design 1-6. Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution

Chapter 2 Responsibilities and Requirements to Supported Commands 2-1. The Chief of Staff of the Army 2-2. The Department of the Army (DA) Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3/5/7:

2-3. Commanding General (CG), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command

(TRADOC):

2-4. Commanding General, Forces Command (FORSCOM) 2-5. Director, Army National Guard 2-6. CG, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center (CAC):

2-7. Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (G-2), TRADOC:

2-8. Deputy CG, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center-Training (CAC-T):

2-9. Commander, MCTP:

2-10. National Simulation Center (NSC):

2-11. Exercise Director (EXDIR):

2-12. Warfighter Exercise Training Audience:

2-13. Other Supporting Commands

Chapter 3 Exercise Planning and Execution 3-1. General 3-2. Training Methodology 3-3. Exercise Planning 3-4. Exercise Execution 3-5. Visits to Exercises and Events

Chapter 4 Simulations, Models, and Army Mission Command Systems 4-1. Overview 4-2. Models and Simulations:

4-3. Simulation Operations 4-4. Rules and Workarounds 4-5. Command, Control, Computers, Communication, and Intelligence (C4I) Systems 4-6. Information Management

Appendix A References Glossary

Figure List Figure 1-1 The MCTP Organization and Support Structure.…………………………………… 8 Figure 3-1 Baseline WFX lifecycle.…………………………………………………………… 22

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Chapter 1 Introduction

1-1. Purpose This regulation prescribes objectives, concepts of operation, responsibilities, policies, and planning guidance for the Mission Command Training Program (MCTP) multi-echelon warfighter exercises (WFXs). The MCTP, when directed, supports exercises sponsored by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) and geographic combatant commands, or subordinate service component commands. For these exercises, the MCTP conforms to the exercise regulations and standard operating procedures of the supported command.

1-2. References.

See Appendix A for references

1-3. Explanation of abbreviations and terms.

Appendix A contains abbreviations and special terms used in this regulation.

1-4. The Mission Command Training Program (MCTP) mission and key tasks.

a. Mission. The MCTP supports the collective training of Army units as directed by the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) and scheduled by Forces Command (FORSCOM) in accordance with the Army Force Generation (ARFORGEN) process at worldwide locations in order to train Leaders and provide commanders the opportunity to train on mission command in Unified Land Operations.

b. Warfighter Exercises (WFXs). The MCTP designs and executes multi-echelon, multi-tiered WFXs that provide expeditionary-focused, realistic demanding training, and leader development opportunities, in decisive action scenarios, to commanders and their staffs on the unit’s approved training objectives. The WFX program is the CSA’s exercise program and a culminating training event within the ARFORGEN process for units designated as a Contingency Expeditionary Force or Regionally Aligned Force.

c. Army Service Component Command (ASCC) Exercises. The MCTP, when directed, supports ASCCs, field armies, corps, or divisions designated as an Army Force command as part of an ASCC or geographic combatant command exercise. The MCTP can form the core of a Joint Staff, Operational Plans and Interoperability Directorate (J7) supported or geographic combatant command augmented Joint Observer Training Team for units designated as a Joint Forces Land Component Command or Joint Task Force as part of these exercises.

d. Mission Readiness Exercise. The MCTP, when directed, supports Army units identified as a Deployment Expeditionary Force culminating training event as part of CJCS UNIFIED ENDEAVOR-series exercise program.

e. Contingency Operations. The MCTP, when directed, provides staff assistance to Army units allocated in support of contingency operations.

1-5. Organizational Design.

The MCTP consists of a headquarters and seven observer, coach, trainer (OC/T) operations groups (OPS GRPs) and an exercise design and support OPS GRP. The organization consists of military, Department of the Army (DA) Civilians, and contractors supporting the design and execution of exercises. The MCTP’s military OC/Ts are qualified officers and non-commissioned officers who have successfully completed OC/T training and certification within the standards established by United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). All elements, with the exception of Senior Mentors, are based out of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

a. MCTP Headquarters. The headquarters provides mission command, administration, and resource management for the organization. Additionally, the headquarters contains the Chief Information Officer and his staff, responsible for the integration of the communications systems of the MCTP and the simulation into the exercise.

b. OPS GRP A and D. OPS GRPs A and D observe, coach, and train division and corps commanders and staffs during WFXs. On order, they support Joint and ASCC exercises in order to provide Joint Task Force-capable headquarters in support of unified action. OPS GRPs A and D can each observe, coach, and train one division or corps headquarters per exercise.

Figure 1-1 The MCTP Organization and Support Structure

c. OPS GRP B and F. OPS GRPs B and F observe, coach, and train functional and multi-functional brigade commanders and staffs during embedded WFXs. Their priorities of support are: battlefield surveillance brigades, maneuver enhancement brigades, combat and theater aviation brigades, fires brigades, engineer brigades, and military police brigades. Each OPS GRP can observe, coach, and train up to three different collocated brigades per exercise. On order, they support Joint and ASCC exercises in support of unified action

d. OPS GRP C. OPS GRP C observes, coaches, and trains brigade combat team commanders and staffs during embedded WFXs. OPS GRP C’s priority of support is to the Army National Guard brigade combat teams and Korea-based brigade combat teams not conducting culminating training events at a M aneuver Combat Training Center (MCTC). OPS GRP C can train two brigade combat teams or other functional/multifunctional brigades as part of an embedded WFX.

OPS GRP C functional and multifunctional priorities of support are: signal brigades, theater aviation brigades, and explosive ordnance disposal groups. Additionally OPS GRP C can conduct up to six stand-alone brigade warfighter exercises per FY for a single brigade combat team and its subordinate battalions, in which the OPS GRP provides an opposing force (OPFOR) and a replicated operating environment. On order, they support Joint and ASCC exercises in support of unified action.

e. OPS GRP S. OPS GRP S observes, coaches, and trains theater and expeditionary sustainment commands and sustainment brigade commanders and staffs during embedded WFXs. OPS GRP S can observe, coach, and train two sustainment units during an exercise. On order, they support Joint and ASCC exercises in support of unified action.

f. OPS GRP J. OPS GRP J observes, coaches, and trains Army special operations forces

(SOF) operational level headquarters during embedded WFXs. OPS GRP J also observes, coaches and trains Conventional Force (CF) commanders and staffs in SOF/CF integration, interoperability and interdependence during WFXs. OPS GRP J provides SOF scenario development and design, integrates SOF doctrine, concepts, and procedures, and serves as the SOF Response Cell / SOF higher command (HICOM) during WFXs. OPS GRP J can observe, coach, and train one SOF operational level HQ per exercise.

g. OPS GRP X. OPS GRP X provides direct support to exercise design, planning, senior control, and management of WFXs. OPS GRP X provides general support to training OPS GRPs for other exercises based on requirements. OPS GRP X consists of scenario design, plans and operations, exercise control (EXCON), and operational contracting support divisions (OCSDs), as well as the World Class OPFOR (WCOPFOR). The Chief of OPS GRP X is also chief exercise controller and the exercise control group chief of staff during WFX execution.

(1). The Scenario Design Division (SDD) is responsible for the creation of the complex operating environment under the doctrinal operational variables for the exercise. Scenario design also controls the irregular threat forces and role-players during the exercise. Additionally, SDD coordinates and integrates the Unified Action Partner support to the exercise to meet operational training guidance and training objectives. They contain subject matter experts who produce Master Scenario Event List (MSEL) injects to the exercise such as media, cyber electromagnetic activities (CEMA), inform and influence activities (IIA), and military information support operations.

(2). The Plans and Operations Division (POD) leads and integrates the aspects of exercise design and planning for WFX on behalf of the MCTP and external agencies. During the exercise event life cycle (ELC), they manage the planning process and planning events. During exercise execution, they provide the core of the Command Information Center (CIC) for the exercise control group (ECG).

(3). The EXCON division synchronizes and manages the stimulation of training units during the execution of the WFX. EXCON ensures that supporting elements that are not designated as primary training units (HICON, response cells, work cells, etc.) are properly trained and rehearsed in preparation for the exercise. EXCON manages the synchronization and timing of exercise MSEL injects. Based on the guidance of the exercise director (EXDIR), chief controller, and OPS GRP chiefs, EXCON ensures that the training units have an opportunity to meet their training objectives and outcomes.

(4). The WCOPFOR provides a “free thinking,” near-peer competitor in a hybrid threat environment, with an equal chance of success. They support realistic rigor and stress on commanders and staffs during the WFX. The WCOPFOR are certified by the TRADOC Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (G-2) and operate under the doctrine outlined in Training Circular (TC) 7-100 series of manual describing the hybrid threat. The OPFOR threat characteristics conform to the guidance of the TRADOC G-2 in order to represent the most current threat capabilities outlined in the TRADOC World Wide Equipment Guide. The WCOPFOR has a coordinating relationship with the Army Cyber Command’s World Class Cyber OPFOR for WFX planning and execution.

(5). The OCSD observes, coaches, and trains operational contracting support for joint, corps, division, and functional/multi- functional brigade training units. OCSD enhances the operating environment resulting in the creation of a complex, asymmetric battlefield by including, developing, coordinating, and executing contracting requirements and fiscal implications into exercises. OCSD coordinates with other organizations through the sustainment HICOM support cell, with strategic enablers and interagency partners having operational contract support authority on the battlefield. Additionally, OCSD coordinates with the Army Contracting Command (ACC) and United States Army Finance Command to arrange for contracting augmentee observer, coach, trainers (AOC/Ts), resource management and comptroller subject matter experts to provide contract-funding oversight during exercises.

h. 505TH Command and Control Wing, Detachment 1 (505TH CCW, DET. 1). The 505TH CCW Det. 1 is the MCTP United States Air Force (USAF) liaison to USAF elements participating in combat training, codified under the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Joint Training Transformation Initiative, and Joint National Training Capability events. The 505TH CCW, Det. 1 observes, coaches, and trains commanders, staffs, and their USAF airpower operations liaison elements in the integration of airpower and application of joint firepower. The 505TH CCW, Det 1 commander serves as the Deputy Exercise Director for Airpower, also known as the Chief of Airpower, during WFX and Mission Readiness Exercise events. Based on the MCTP priorities and 505TH CCW, Det. 1 resources, each OPS GRP is supported by USAF OC/Ts, EXCON, and planning staff to ensure accurate USAF air and space capabilities and doctrine are represented.

i. Army Joint Support Team (AJST). The AJST is the TRADOC and Combined Arms Center (CAC) lead for joint air-ground operations, education, and training, including both the mission command processes and the joint command and control processes associated with joint air operations, e.g., close air support, air interdiction, airspace control, joint targeting, common operational picture, and integrated air and missile defense. AJST missions in support of the MCTP, as assigned by TRADOC, include associated education, training, joint command and control systems integration, replication of joint air-ground operations command and control processes and systems, and exercise planning support for the MCTP events at echelons above brigade. AJST educates and trains the MCTP personnel in support of joint air-ground operations requirements. AJST support is integral to the MCTP organization and function. They provide expertise, systems, OC/Ts, and coordinates for battlefield coordination detachment support to the MCTP events to provide a battlefield coordination detachment response cell (with augmentation) when a full battlefield coordination detachment is not required. During the execution and assessment phases of exercise training events, the AJST provides observations and other relevant input on all aspects of Joint Air-Ground Integration relevant to both operations and Army Mission Command Systems (AMCS) employment for the MCTP leadership and respective OC/Ts.

j. Senior Mentors. Senior mentors are retired flag officers appointed by the CSA and the

Chief of Staff of the Air Force. They coach, teach, and mentor training unit commanders and their command groups through the operations process and execution of the WFX. Senior mentors also oversee doctrinal standardization within exercise training events and provide holistic feedback to the Army’s Senior leadership.

1-6. Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution.

The MCTP WFXs are scheduled with FORSCOM at the ARFORGEN Synchronization and Resourcing Conference (ASRC) out to five years. The MCTP uses Combat Training Center (CTC) funds to resource costs associated with exercises. The MCTP requires 100% Table of Distribution and Allowance (TDA) sourcing by TRADOC to execute exercises to standard.

Reduction in the MCTP manning below the TDA reduces capacity in planning and design of the multiple WFX life cycles conducted annually and requires Augmented Observer Controller Trainers (AOC/Ts) to be resourced to the MCTP.

a. Capacity. The MCTP designs, coordinates, and executes five multi-echelon embedded WFXs and five ASCC equivalent exercises per year. Mission Readiness Exercises are executed in lieu of a WFX. Each WFX consists of a corps and division or two division HQ and up to ten other commands, brigades, or groups.

(1) The annual training capacity of the WFX program accommodates:

(a) Two corps or other operational-level headquarters

(b) Eight division headquarters

(c) Thirty-six functional/multifunctional brigades and groups

(d) Ten Sustainment commands and brigades

(e) Two Special Operations Forces operational level HQ

(2) The annual training capacity for National Guard Bureau brigade combat teams is six

Brigade Warfighter exercises, as outlined in chapter 1-5, paragraph d.

(3) Five ASCC exercises (e.g., JUDICIOUS RESPONSE, ULCHI- FREEDOM

GUARDIAN, TALISMAN SABRE, VIBRANT RESPONSE, and AUSTERE CHALLENGE) are distributed for execution among the MCTP OPS GRPs.

(4) Reduction in the MCTP manning reduces capacity for exercise planning, because personnel involved in planning are also involved in the execution of WFX. TRADOC must man the MCTP Training OPS GRPs to 100% during planning and execution of all exercises to achieve required capacity based on demand signature. Temporary augmentees must be on location and complete in-processing no later than six days prior to the start of the exercise to receive standard OC/T training and integration into the exercise.

(5) Other considerations in planning capacity are: (a) the MCTP conducts two weeks of

OC/T training twice annually and (b) the MCTP requires equipment shipping time of up to 10 days for overseas shipments and up to 5 days for continental United States exercises.

(6). The MCTP conducts embedded exercises distributed over three permanent sites (Fort

Leavenworth, KS, Fort Lee, VA, and Hurlburt Field, FL). Additionally, the MCTP can distribute the exercise network to two additional training unit locations. A third satellite location with no simulation capability may be accommodated for the unit replicating the maneuver HICOM. Sites beyond this capacity incur significant risk in the ability of the MCTP to resource simulation equipment and execute exercise control to ensure desired training objectives are met.

b. Scheduling. All the MCTP exercises and supported training events are scheduled at the ASRC by FORSCOM. The MCTP Commander, through deliberate planning, may elect to exceed the MCTP planned capacity if the situation provides additional flexibility for the MCTP to plan, resource, and execute around known constraints. The standard WFX construct consists of:

(1). An approved TRADOC common base scenario, or approved exception to policy.

[Proponent G-2, TRADOC]

(2). Up to three 5-day planning events to conduct collaborative planning in preparation of the WFX. Planning events are conducted as outlined in Ch 3-3. [Proponent: Combined Arms Center-Training (CAC-T)]

(3). Up to five days of Mission Command Training (MCT) for continental United States based units conducted at Fort Leavenworth, KS. MCTs will be conducted at the unit’s home station for outside the continental United States and global response force units. The CAC-T Commander is the approval authority for all exceptions. [Proponent: CAC-T]

(4). Execution of ten days of training under a 4-2-4 model, consisting of four days of decisive action training, two days of formal after action reviews (AARs) and retraining, followed by an additional four days of decisive action training. [Proponent DA 3/5/7; however, the EXDIR may approve deviations to the 4-2-4 model with no more than 10 total exercise days.]

(5). All corps or other operational-level headquarters’ WFXs are planned to include a

Joint Special Operations Task Force or SOF training unit within the WFX. Such exercises are authorized up to 12 days for execution in order to include Phase 0 through Phase II activities.

[Proponent: Commanding General (CG), United States Army Special Operations Command]

(6). Requests for non-standard exercises must be submitted in writing by the training audience through the Army command (ACOM)/chain of command to the respective proponent, identified in paragraphs one through five above, for approval at least 12 months prior to WFX execution. The training audience is responsible for all additional costs associated with the variance from a standard exercise.

c. Resourcing.

(1). DA provides funds to ACOMs and the National Guard Bureau for WFX and ASCC exercises to include participation in the ELC outlined in Paragraph 3-3.

(2). DA provides TRADOC funding for the MCTP military, civilian, contractor support, and travel to support annual exercise training requirements to include the authorized ELC.

(3). Additional MCTP resourcing and required augmentation:

(a). The MCTP requires AOC/T support for all embedded exercises if not manned to

100% or training unit requirements exceed the rank and skill requirements of the MCTP TDA. In accordance with Army Regulation (AR) 350-50, TRADOC will source all AOC/T requirements up to the MCTP TDA. The training unit ACOM will source all AOC/T requirements above the MCTP TDA to meet approved training objectives. The MCTP will provide required AOC/Ts to ACOMs no later than the final event planning. AOC/T requirements will be resolved by ACOMs prior to the Exercise Director’s Brief.

(b). For Operational Capability Assessments and Joint exercises, the ACOM, directing or supporting, will resource or coordinate for joint augmentation required to form a Joint Observer Training Team. Specific request of augmentation will be provided to the ACOM no later than the unit MCT (W-180).

(c). ACOMs will also source personnel to fulfill exercise control requirements, which include but are not limited to the EXDIR and staff, HICOM cell, the maneuver and sustainment control cells, echelon above division or corps functional cells, and subordinate response/work cell.

(4). Outside agencies requesting the MCTP assistance with data collection, information gathering, etc., will reimburse the MCTP for any additional costs directly resulting from this collection effort. The training unit must concur with requests for outside agency participation.

(5). Training or exercise participation of foreign government agencies will be in accordance with AR 350-50

Chapter 2 Responsibilities and Requirements to Supported Commands

2-1. The Chief of Staff of the Army is the sole approval authority for:

a. WFX cancellation.

b. Confirmation of EXDIR appointments.

c. Changes to operational training guidance used in the WFX design process.

2-2. The Department of the Army (DA) Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3/5/7:

a. Approves participation of foreign military units at the MCTP continental United States exercises in accordance with AR 350-50.

b. Approves changes to the MCTP staffing and manning.

c. Requests Joint and Special Operations personnel required to meet training guidance and directives as outlined in the Exercise Support Manning Document (ESMD) produced for each exercise.

2-3. Commanding General (CG), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command

(TRADOC):

a. Establishes priorities for the allocation of TRADOC resources identified to support the

MCTP.

b. Provides AOC/Ts to backfill the MCTP TDA shortfalls in support of standard exercises.

c. Conducts CTC Program accreditation visits every two years in accordance with AR 350-50.

2-4. Commanding General, Forces Command (FORSCOM)

a. Sources required training support, response cell, and work cell personnel, special skilled personnel, and AOC/Ts required above the MCTP TDA as outlined in the ESMD when modular subordinate units cannot fill those positions.

b. Schedules WFXs within the MCTP capacity to meet ARFORGEN requirements.

c. Approves exercise locations for major subordinate commands.

d. Appoints EXDIR for major subordinate command’s WFX no later than the Concept

Development Video Teleconference (VTC).

e. Enforces training unit responsibilities and the MCTP planning guidance to training audiences.

f. Approves WFX Training Objectives.

2-5. Director, Army National Guard

a. Sources required training support, response cell, and work cell personnel as outlined in the ESMD when modular subordinate units cannot fill those positions.

b. Schedules major subordinate command’s WFXs with FORSCOM at the ASRC.

c. Approves exercise locations which meet Department of Defense Information Assurance

Certification and Authorization Process and Authority to Operate requirements for major subordinate commands.

d. Enforces training unit responsibilities and the MCTP planning guidance to rotational units.

2-6. CG, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center (CAC):

a. Executes oversight of the MCTP in accordance with CSA, HQDA, and TRADOC directives.

b. Provides required Title 10 support to the MCTP.

c. Resources the MCTP personnel requirements.

d. Develops training and curriculum resources to support the MCTP mission and OC/T training based on emerging doctrine.

2-7. Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (G-2), TRADOC:

a. Researches, prepares, and updates the Decisive Action Training Environment and hybrid threat concept and doctrine.

b. Prepares the base OPFOR threat characteristics for the WCOPFOR to derive specific exercise threat characteristics in order to accomplish exercise objectives.

c. Conducts validation and assistance visits for the WCOPFOR in accordance with AR 350-

50.

d. Provides intelligence support to WCOPFOR requests for information (RFIs).

e. Assists the MCTP in developing workarounds and/or simulation requirements to integrate operating environment variables into exercises.

f. Provides relevant targeting databases based on the operating environment(s) developed in the common base scenario(s).

2-8. Deputy CG, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center-Training (CAC-T):

a. Manages overall MCTP program training and support requirements necessary to train Army units and leaders for decisive action.

b. Serves as approval authority for changes in time or location of the ELC to include MCT for training audiences.

c. Serves as approval authority for orientation visits to the MCTP exercise events (see paragraph 3-5, c.1.)

d. Oversees and approves the execution of the MCTP budget for exercises.

2-9. Commander, MCTP:

a. Responsible for planning and execution of the MCTP exercises.

b. Applies the CTC concept of operations to all MCTP exercises (see AR 350-50, chap 1).

c. Supervises development of scenarios for use in WFXs.

d. Ensures WCOPFOR portrays accurate hybrid threat doctrine and threat characteristics.

e. Ensures proper conduct and coordination of the ELC.

f. Ensures simulation capability, to include hardware requirements, that supports training exercises.

g. Approves all exercise control group (ECG) decisions regarding personnel, equipment, or facilities for each WFX.

h. Develops, publishes, and distributes rules, parameters, and workarounds that govern the MCTP operations using the associated simulation programs.

i. Assigns responsibility to OPS GRPs for planning, coordination, and execution of each exercise.

j. Ensures OPS GRPs conduct OC/T certification and AOC/T training.

k. Serves as the Deputy EXDIR for division/corps WFXs, responsible to the EXDIR for the command, control and supervision of MCT and exercise planning, preparation, and execution.

During the execution of the WFX, in the absence of the MCTP Commander, the Chief of OPS GRP X is the Deputy EXDIR.

l. Exercises operational control of the Mission Training Complex(s) (MTC) facilities, equipment, and player/controller personnel throughout train up, execution, and termination.

m. Identifies and develops logistical requirements to support MCT and exercise operational needs. Requirements include equipment availability and transportation, technical and maintenance support, and personnel augmentee requirements.

n. Responsible for controlling, manning, equipping, and executing support contracts at the

McHugh Training Center, Fort Leavenworth, KS.

o. Responsible for the collection of observation and trends. Conduct semi-annual reporting to the Center for Army Lessons Learned.

2-10. National Simulation Center (NSC):

a. Provides all simulation and model support to the MCTP mission.

b. Gives priority for support to the MCTP missions.

c. Provides software and hardware maintenance support for simulation systems used by the

MCTP.

d. Reports potential shortfalls in equipment and/or manning support of an exercise to the

MCTP when identified.

e. Annually reviews the memorandum of agreement (MOA) during the first QTR, which outlines responsibilities with the MCTP. The MOA will be updated as required.

f. Oversees the support from the logistics federation which is required for detailed sustainment feeds that support AMCS fidelity on logistics and properly stress sustainment training units. This is conducted within the Logistic Exercise and Simulation Directorate owned by the Global Simulation Capacity.

g. Provides full motion video and virtual Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS) downlink from the simulation into training unit command post.

2-11. Exercise Director (EXDIR):

a. EXDIR Defined. The EXDIR is a general officer appointed by the ACOM CG and approved by the CSA. The EXDIR is the chief representative and delegated decision maker of Army senior leaders. The EXDIR will:

(1). Host the Concept Development Video Teleconference (CDVTC) and provide guidance on exercise design. If no EXDIR is appointed, the MCTP Commander performs the responsibilities of the EXDIR.

(2). Review WFX training objectives and commander’s training end state for all participants.

(3). Approve the WFX higher command (HICOM) task organization and unit’s assets available within the constraints of the standard task organization.

(4). Approve the scenario developed by the MCTP.

(5). Approve specific start of exercise (STARTEX) conditions. STARTEX conditions are the training and OPFOR unit locations, strength, level of engineering effort, etc. at the start of the exercise.

(6). Represent the MCTP issues with exercise support funding or manning to the ACOM.

(7). Approve or coordinate with proper authority for variants from standard WFXs (as described in par. 1-6).

(8). Review and sign the WFX memorandum of instruction (MOI). Ensure adherence to all milestones agreed to between the training unit and the MCTP in the MOI.

(9). Provide exercise planning point of contact (POC) to MCTP upon notification of appointment.

b. EXDIR Guide. For additional information on EXDIR responsibilities throughout the execution of the ELC, see the EXDIR Guide, available at:

https://combinedarmscenter.army.mil/orgs/cact/MCTP/s3/TR%20350503/Forms/AllItems.aspx

2-12. Warfighter Exercise Training Audience:

a. General. All units participating in training with the MCTP will do the following:

(1). Provide a single POC upon notification of a scheduled exercise.

(2). Comply with milestones specified in the MOI.

(3). Provide approved training objectives at the FORSCOM Commander level to the MCTP no later than 15 days prior to the initial event planning.

(4). Provide guidance to the MCTP OPS GRP on desired end state and vision for MCT no later than the initial event planning.

(5). The Commander or his delegate will sign a MOA for the MCT between the MCTP, the training unit, and the facility manager (facility manager is only required for MCTs not conducted at Fort Leavenworth, KS) detailing the responsibilities each has regarding the conduct and support to the MCT. This MOA is signed no later than one week prior to the departure of the training unit (or MCTP for approved exceptions) from home station.

(6). The Commander or his delegate will sign a MOA for the WFX between MCTP, the training unit, and the facility manager detailing the responsibilities each has regarding the conduct and support to the WFX. This MOA is signed no later than the final event planning.

(7). Employ organic command post equipment and tactical network architecture as would be employed in an austere environment. Shortages in required equipment should be addressed with the unit’s higher headquarters or ACOM.

(8). Resource response cell personnel and equipment as outlined in the ESMD and the simulation control plan. In cases of modular unit HQ that lack subordinate elements, the unit is responsible for coordination with their higher HQ to the ACOM for resourcing. Units may coordinate with the supporting Installation Management Command MTC for equipment shortfalls.

b. Senior Headquarters. At each training location, one unit will be identified as the senior headquarters. The senior headquarters (typically a corps or division) will:

(1). Design, plan, integrate, and provide maintenance of tactical network used for the exercise. The senior headquarters at each location ensures that all training units at their location have complete resourcing and access for all services required for the WFX at that location. The planning for this is done during the command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) working group led by the senior training unit headquarters at all ELC events.

The MCTP will ensure that the simulation network is operational and integrated. The senior headquarters will provide a liaison officer from their G-6 to the exercise control group (ECG).

Additionally, the senior headquarters will establish a help desk within the MTC to integrate and maintain the tactical network in the ECG. The senior training unit at each location is responsible for coordinating Army Material Command support to the exercise location for AMCS.

(2) Schedule the supporting MTC facilities, personnel, and equipment according to the exercise timeline (28 days from setup to teardown) and within the scope of the MTC operating procedures.

(3). Host a site survey to allow the MCTP and other training units deploying to the training location to develop the exercise footprint and life support requirements. The MCTP will outline the support required of the senior headquarters in a MOA for the exercise. In conjunction with the site survey at the main training location (defined as location of the senior HQ within the exercise or where the EXDIR will locate during the exercise), the senior training unit will host the main event planning and embedded MSEL scripting effort.

(4). Establish a mayor’s cell and reception, staging, onward movement, and integration

(RSOI) plan for training units and training support personnel at each training location.

2-13. Other Supporting Commands.

To properly meet training guidance and objectives directed to CTCs, the MCTP requires Unified Action Partner support.

a. 505TH Command and Control Wing. 505TH CCW coordinates for Air Combat Command (ACC) and other USAF Major Command support through Detachment 1 in direct support to the MCTP at Ft. Leavenworth. 505TH CCW provides the necessary simulation feeds to USAF command and control systems used in support of the training units and their airpower elements.

505TH CCW can provide capabilities for an air operations center response cell and, when available, a Senior Mentor (SM) to coach and teach commanders and their command group on the integration of USAF assets and joint firepower.

b. Army Material Command. Army Materiel Command provides area support maintenance and technical experts on AMCS and tactical network. In order to ensure successful command post exercise training in the WFX, training units will coordinate and source Army Materiel Command field service representatives and logistics assistance representatives for AMCS and key command post equipment maintenance. Additionally, in order to properly train sustainment units, subject matter experts from Army Contracting Command (ACC), Surface Distribution and Deployment Command (SDDC), and Army Field Service Brigades are required as augementees to the exercise.

c. Joint Personnel Recovery Agency. Joint Personnel Recovery Agency provides doctrinal experts to assist in scripting personnel recovery events within the exercise. With prior coordination and funding, provides subject matter experts to serve as AOC/Ts as well as personnel to represent the Joint Personnel Recovery Coordination Center.

d. Air Mobility Command. Air Mobility Command through the 34th Combat Training

Squadron provides air mobility liaisons to the exercises to provide expertise to sustainment and maneuver HICOMs.

e. Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization. Joint Improvised Explosive

Device Defeat Organization incorporates scripting into the exercise that assists in the portrayal of the hybrid threat, training units on the attack the network approach.

f. United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM). SOCOM provides exercise planners to integrate special operations into each exercise. For division WFXs, these personnel will fill the role of the Special Forces Liaison Element for the training unit and oversee the actions of the SOF cell, providing control and reporting from special operations units in the simulation.

g. National Ground Intelligence Center. National Ground Intelligence Center provides personnel to assist in scripting of intelligence and to ensure that intelligence products to the training units are relevant for training purposes.

h. U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command. U.S.

Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command provides assistance to portrayal of space and global missile defense operations within the exercise as well as provides input into special technical operations.

i. Peace Keeping and Stability Operations Institute (PKSOI). PKSOI is the Army representation into the Integrated Education and Training Work Group (IETWG). PKSOI and the IETWG incorporate the latest whole-of-government approach doctrine used during planning and training for transition to stability. PKSOI, along with the MCTP’s interagency training specialist, coordinates Unified Action Partners participation in the exercise and host a table top exercise in Washington D.C., focusing on complex civil military issues in the training scenario.

The senior training headquarters are invited to attend the table top exercise and applicable products of the table top exercise are used in the exercise.

j. Army Cyber Command. Army Cyber Command provides exercise planners, cyber OC/Ts, and staff augmentation to the training units to incorporate CEMA into the exercise. OC/Ts observe the staff and provide feedback into the integration of CEMA principles and doctrine into operations. The World Class Cyber OPFOR closely coordinates with the WCOPFOR and the irregular forces to conduct CEMA against the training units. World Class Cyber OPFOR will operate under an approved ROE to ensure that exercise training objectives will be met.

Chapter 3 Exercise Planning and Execution.

3-1. General.

a. WFX Defined. A WFX is defined as a distributed, simulation driven, multi-echelon, tactical command post exercise fought competitively against a live, free-thinking adversary designed to train and rehearse units in the train/ready force pool for missions as a Contingency Expeditionary Force or Regionally Aligned Force as designated by FORSCOM. WFXs are directed by the CSA, scheduled by FORSCOM, and conducted by the MCTP. WFX control architecture includes an Exercise Director, Senior Mentors, Deputy Exercise Director, Chief Controller, HICOM, World Class OPFOR, OC/Ts, the MCTP Operations, Chief of Air power, and a robust EXCON White Cell with EAC Intel, Scenario Design, Maneuver Control, Blue Air Cell, Work Around, SOF/CA military information support operations Civil Affairs. Training audience units are responsible for providing personnel necessary to perform mayor cell functions including exercise security and guard force manning.

b. ELC. The ELC describes the process of planning, preparing and execution of the exercise. The ELC for all division headquarters and above begins approximately 370 days from date identified as STARTEX (W-370), see figure 3-1 (pg. 20). [Note: The date of STARTEX is denoted as W Day, days prior to the STARTEX are denoted with a “-“, days following STARTEX are denoted with a “+”.] All reserve component and National Guard Bureau units will integrate into the ELC along with Active Component units. The ELC includes four planning events: the CDVTC, the initial event planning, the main event planning and the final event planning; three coordinating events: the site survey(s), the Exercise Director's brief, and the final coordination video teleconference (FCVTC); and two training events: the MCT and the WFX execution. All events, except for the main event planning and execution of WFX, are conducted at Fort Leavenworth, KS. Approved exceptions are for outside the continental United States units, global response forces.

Figure 3-1 Baseline WFX life cycle

c. Other exercises. For the MCTP support to other exercises, the MCTP will use the ELC or equivalent of the supported command, directorate, or agency. For ASCC exercises, the MCTP only provides OC/T support. All other support (MCTP Operations, EXCON etc) are approved by exception by FORSCOM and require funding from the training unit.

3-2. Training Methodology.

a. Directed Method. The MCTP uses established guidance and regulations in order to:

(1) Create training experiences that enable the Army’s senior mission commanders to develop current, relevant, and campaign-quality, Joint and expeditionary mission command instincts and skills.

(2) Provide an environment in which unit commanders can train to standards established in accordance with the CJCS high interest training items, the Army Training Strategy, the universal joint task list or Army universal task list and ACOM training guidance.

(3) Develop tactical and operational level of war scenarios where the outcome is not assured, the consequences of tactical decisions are fully played out, and that promote initiative-oriented warfighting skills for commanders.

(4) Conduct doctrinally based formal after action reviews (AARs) focused on observed performance that enable Soldier and leader self-discovery of what happened, why it happened, and how to sustain strengths and overcome weaknesses.

(5) Stress all warfighting functions in decisive air-ground unified land operations where both lethal and non-lethal solutions could be employed.

(6) Provide a free-thinking, hybrid threat-based, OPFOR with an equal chance of success.

(7) Incorporate new doctrine and emerging concepts into all exercises.

(8) Dedicate a portion of the exercise to retraining those tasks that the commander deems essential for their unit to increase proficiency. (Retraining is not an indication of failure.)

b. WFX Concept. WFX are training exercises. The MCTP develops the exercise scenario derived from the operating environment outlined in the TRADOC G-2 approved common base scenario(s) (e.g., Decisive Action Training Environment). The exercise scenario derivative is adapted by the MCTP from the common base scenario to meet the training audience commanders’ approved training objectives, desired end state, and incorporates CSA/FORSCOM/ACOM guidance. The MCTP uses a computer simulation to provide representative combat and battlefield effects during the exercise. The MCTP provides feedback to the commander in the form of detailed observations to allow for the commander’s own training assessments. Retired general officers serve as Senior Mentors lending credence to the feedback process while mentoring and coaching the exercise unit’s commanders and staffs.

c. Representing and Controlling Units. ACOMs will source an immediate higher headquarters for the senior training unit(s) referred to as the HICOM, to include appropriate and distinct HICOMs for sustainment, medical, and theater brigades. ACOMs must also source training unit subordinate brigades, general and direct support enabling units, and flank units so that training units can train staff processes out, across, and within.

d. Simulation. Simulation models are commander and staff process drivers, not predictors of tactical success. Units need to properly resource simulation system operators, or be prepared to accept less than desired results. The simulations do not accurately replicate all aspects of terrain or warfighting function effects. Due to the limitations of simulations, units should not construe that the results from the simulations can predict true battlefield results.

e. Scenario and Exercise Assets. The exercise unit's task organization, to include all additional enabling units, will be based on the modified table of organization and equipment throughout the effective ARFORGEN cycle of the culminating training event. The unit may only use new (not yet fielded) equipment if it is scheduled for fielding during the current ARFORGEN cycle, and only the percentage of equipment that will be fielded by that time.

f. Realistic Training Environment. The exercise unit is required to use only doctrinal modified table of organization and equipment authorized communication links between field command posts and simulation workstations. Leaders and soldiers need to train in wartime-like environment (that is, deployed command posts will displace- “jump”- in accordance with unit standing operating procedures, consistent with the unit level of training, and employ proper mission oriented protective posture). The approval authority for use of non-doctrinal, or non-modified table of organization and equipment communication links is the ACOM commander.

g. Unit-led WFX Supporting Events. The MCTP schedule is developed as a result of the

ASRC, and TRADOC funds the program based on that schedule. The MCTP will not participate in unit-led supporting events unless approved by the MCTP Commander and scheduled at the ASRC. Examples of unit-led supporting events include the following:

(1). Ramp-up exercises (unit-conducted command post exercises leading to a follow-on

WFX).

(2). Simulation exercises.

(3). Staff training exercises.

3-3. Exercise Planning

a. Concept. Exercise planning is an iterative process conducted throughout the ELC.

Exercise planning events have established required inputs and outputs. Outputs require informed decisions by training unit representatives at all planning events. Designated decision makers must come with guidance from commanders to the planning events in order to deliver appropriate outputs upon completion of the event. The MCTP continues the planning and refinement of the outputs to prepare inputs or scenario products at established timelines to feed the training units’ operations process. Embedded exercises use a parallel planning model for training units nested under other training units. For more details see the MCTP Exercise standing operating procedure at: https://combinedarmscenter.army.mil/orgs/cact/MCTP/s3/default.aspx

b. CDVTC [W-370].