NFPA_701_Rev_15,_Fire_Tests_for_Flame_Propagation_of_Textiles_and_Films.pdf

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NFPA® 701

Standard Methods of

Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films

2015 Edition

This edition of NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Fire Tests. It was issued by the Standards Council on November 11, 2014, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, and supersedes all previous editions.

This edition of NFPA 701 was approved as an American National Standard on December 1, 2014.

Origin and Development of NFPA 701 Requirements for flameproofing of textiles were adopted by the NFPA on recommenda-tion of the Committee on Fireproofing and Preservative Treatments in 1938. These require-ments were amended in 1939, 1940, 1941, and 1951. This standard is now under the jurisdic-tion of the NFPA Technical Committee on Fire Tests; the 1966 edition, which was an extensive revision of the previous edition, was prepared by that committee, as were the 1968, 1969, 1975, 1976, and 1977 editions.

The 1989 edition was a complete rewrite with significant changes to the small-scale test.

The 1996 edition represented a significant departure from earlier editions, as it provided a new test for single-layer and multilayer fabric assemblies but maintained the large-scale test for multilayer assemblies involving coated fabric blackout linings. This new test was developed to address the problem presented by multilayer assemblies that could not be addressed by the current test procedures. The new Test 1 proved through experience to be an adequate pre-dictor of the behavior of single-layer and multilayer assemblies. Chapter 10, “Field Test, Match Flame Test,” of the 1989 edition was established as a separate document, NFPA 705, Recommended Practice for a Field Flame Test for Textiles and Films.

The 1999 edition incorporated mostly editorial revisions that reflected the appropriate terminologies used within the document. Many of the editorial changes applied to the appli-cation of test procedures for flame propagation of textiles and film in lieu of a material being designated as flame resistant. A section on conditioning of test specimens was added to assist the user.

The 2004 edition included a complete editorial rewrite of the document to come into compliance with the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents. As such, significant chapter renumbering and rearranging of information occurred. Technical changes in the 2004 edition provided clarifications that Test Method 1 was not applicable for plastic blinds and multilayered fabrics. Advisory information was added to the annex regarding previous small-scale test methodologies that were no longer applicable.

The 2010 edition included a number of primarily organizational changes. The lists and ex-amples of the types of materials that are governed by NFPA 701 were relocated from Chapter 1 to AnnexA. The applicable test protocols for materials that are to be used as part of an interior finish application were revised to recognize the ASTM E84/UL 723 tests. NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth, was also included as an acceptable test for evaluation of materials for interior finish.

The 2015 edition includes editorial revisions to clarify the differences between Test Method 1 and Test Method 2.

701–1

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Technical Committee on Fire Tests

Barry L. Badders, Jr., Chair Intertek Testing Services, TX [RT]

Scott W. Adams, Park City Fire Service District, UT [E] Rep. International Fire Marshals Association

Farid Alfawakhiri, American Iron and Steel Institute, IL [M]

Jesse J. Beitel, Hughes Associates, Inc., MD [SE] James A. Burns, New York State Department, NY [E]

Rep. Firemen’s Association of the State of New York Gordon H. Damant, Inter-City Testing & Consulting Corp. of California, CA [SE] Scott E. Dillon, Crane Engineering, MN [SE] William E. Fitch, Phyrefish.com, FL [SE] Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International, CA [SE] Paul A. Hough, Armstrong World Industries, Inc., PA [M] Mohammed M. Khan, FM Global, MA [I]

William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Richard T. Long, Jr., Exponent, Inc., MD [M]

Rep. Upholstered Furniture Action Council Michael E. Luna, Inrertek Testing Services, TX [RT] Andre W. Marshall, University of Maryland, MD [SE] Rodney A. McPhee, Canadian Wood Council, Canada [M] Kathleen A. Newman, Firetect, CA [M] David T. Sheppard, U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives, MD [RT] Dwayne E. Sloan, UL LLC, NC [RT] Kuma Sumathipala, American Wood Council, DC [M] Robert A. Wessel, Gypsum Association, MD [M]

Alternates

Erik H. Anderson, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] (Alt. to W. E. Koffel)

Richard J. Davis, FM Global, MA [I] (Alt. to M. M. Khan)

Timothy Earl, GBH International, MI [SE] (Alt. to M. M. Hirschler)

Sam W. Francis, American Wood Council, PA [M] (Alt. to K. Sumathipala)

Stephen P. Fuss, U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives, MD [RT]

(Alt. to D. T. Sheppard) Marc L. Janssens, Southwest Research Institute, TX [RT]

(Alt. to SWRI Rep)

Arthur J. Parker, Hughes Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Stanislav I. Stoliarov, University of Maryland, MD [SE]

(Alt. to A. W. Marshall) Ineke Van Zeeland, Canadian Wood Council, Canada [M]

(Alt. to R. A. McPhee) Robert J. Wills, American Iron and Steel Institute, AL [M]

(Alt. to F. Alfawakhiri) Joe Ziolkowski, American Furniture Manufacturers Association, NC [M]

(Alt. to R. T. Long, Jr.)

Nonvoting

Robert H. Barker, American Fiber Manufacturers Association, VA [M]

Rep. American Fiber Manufacturers Association

Rohit Khanna, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, MD [C]

Tracy L. Vecchiarelli, NFPA Staff Liaison

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the final text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of the document.

NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on fire testing proce-dures, for reviewing existing fire test standards and recommending appropriate action to NFPA, for recom-mending the application of and advising on the interpretation of acceptable test standards for fire problems of concern to NFPA technical committees and members, and for acting in a liaison capacity between NFPA and the committees of other organizations writing fire test standards. This Committee does not cover fire tests that are used to evaluate extinguishing agents, devices, or systems.

701–2 FIRE TESTS FOR FLAME PROPAGATION OF TEXTILES AND FILMS

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Contents

Chapter 1 Administration ............................... 701– 5

1.1 Scope ............................................... 701– 5

1.2 Purpose ............................................ 701– 5

1.3 Units ................................................ 701– 5

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications ................... 701– 5

2.1 General ............................................ 701– 5

2.2 NFPA Publications ............................... 701– 6

2.3 Other Publications .............................. 701– 6

2.4 References for Extracts in

Mandatory Sections ............................. 701– 6

Chapter 3 Definitions .................................... 701– 6

3.1 General ............................................ 701– 6

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions ...................... 701– 6

3.3 General Definitions ............................. 701– 6

Chapter 4 General Requirements for Test Method 1 ...................................... 701– 6

4.1 General ............................................ 701– 6

Chapter 5 Test Apparatus and Materials for Test Method 1 ................................ 701– 6

5.1 Conditioning Oven ............................. 701– 6

5.2 Hood ............................................... 701– 6

5.3 Test Chamber, Specimen Mounting Pin

Bar, and Gas Burner ............................ 701– 7

5.4 Gas and Control System ....................... 701– 7

5.5 Mounting Jig ..................................... 701– 7

5.6 Timer ............................................... 701– 7

5.7 Balance ............................................ 701– 7

5.8 Ruler ............................................... 701– 7

5.9 Wire Brush ........................................ 701– 7

5.10 Binder Clips ...................................... 701– 8

Chapter 6 Calibration and Standardization for Test Method 1 ................................ 701– 8

6.1 General ............................................ 701– 8

Chapter 7 Specimens and Conditioning for Test Method 1 ...................................... 701– 8

7.1 Test Specimens ................................... 701– 8

7.2 Conditioning ..................................... 701– 8

Chapter 8 Test Procedure for Test Method 1 ....... 701– 8

8.1 Mounting of Test Specimens ................. 701– 8

8.2 Burner Placement and Preparation ......... 701– 9

8.3 Conducting the Test ............................ 701– 9

Chapter 9 Calculation of Results for Test Method 1 ...................................... 701– 9

9.1 Calculation of Percent Mass Loss ............ 701– 9

Chapter 10 Flame Propagation Performance Criteria for Test Method 1 ............... 701– 9

10.1 Performance Criteria ........................... 701– 9

Chapter 11 General Requirements for Test Method 2 ..................................... 701– 9

11.1 General ............................................ 701– 9

Chapter 12 Test Apparatus and Materials for Test Method 2 .............................. 701–10

12.1 Conditioning Oven ............................. 701–10

12.2 Test Enclosure ................................... 701–10

12.3 Restraining Clamps ............................. 701–11

12.4 Gas Burner ........................................ 701–11

12.5 Timer ............................................... 701–11

12.6 Ruler ............................................... 701–11

Chapter 13 Specimens and Conditioning for Test Method 2 .............................. 701–12

13.1 Test Specimens .................................. 701–12

13.2 Conditioning of Test Specimens ............. 701–12

Chapter 14 Flame Test Procedures for Test Method 2 ..................................... 701–13

14.1 Mounting of Test Specimens ................. 701–13

14.2 Conducting the Flame Test ................... 701–13

14.3 Measurement of Length of Char ............ 701–13

Chapter 15 Flame Propagation Performance Criteria for Test Method 2 ............... 701–13

15.1 Performance Criteria ........................... 701–13

15.2 Retest ............................................... 701–14

Chapter 16 Cleaning and Water Leaching Procedures .................................. 701–14

16.1 General ............................................ 701–14

16.2 Application ....................................... 701–14

16.3 Accelerated Dry Cleaning ..................... 701–14

16.4 Accelerated Laundering ....................... 701–14

16.5 Accelerated Water Leaching .................. 701–14

Chapter 17 Reporting .................................... 701–14

17.1 General ............................................ 701–14

17.2 Material Description ............................ 701–14

17.3 Conditioning ..................................... 701–14

17.4 Test Conditions .................................. 701–14

17.5 Refurbishing or Weathering

Conditions ........................................ 701–14

17.6 Test Results ....................................... 701–15

17.7 Final Conclusion ................................ 701–15

Annex A Explanatory Material ......................... 701–15

Annex B Guidance on the Use of the Two Test Methods ......................................... 701–16

701–3CONTENTS

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Annex C Test Method 1 Information ................. 701–16

Annex D Textile Considerations ....................... 701–17

Annex E Informational References ................... 701–18

Index ........................................................... 701–19

701–4 FIRE TESTS FOR FLAME PROPAGATION OF TEXTILES AND FILMS

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NFPA 701

Standard Methods of

Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films

2015 Edition

IMPORTANT NOTE: This NFPA document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Dis-claimers Concerning NFPA Standards.” They can also be obtained on request from NFPA or viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A.

A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material that has been extracted from another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, the complete title and edition of the source documents for extracts in mandatory sections of the document are given in Chapter 2 and those for extracts in informational sections are given in Annex E. Extracted text may be edited for consistency and style and may include the revision of internal paragraph references and other refer-ences as appropriate. Requests for interpretations or revisions of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee re-sponsible for the source document.

Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 2 and Annex E.

Chapter 1 Administration

1.1* Scope.

1.1.1* Test Method 1.

1.1.1.1 Test Method 1 shall apply to materials with an areal

density less than or equal to 700 g/m2 (21 oz/yd2), including the following:

(1) Fabrics or other materials used in curtains, draperies, or other window treatments

(2) Single-layer fabrics

(3) Multilayer curtain and drapery assemblies in which the layers are fastened together by sewing or other means

(4) Where required, fabrics with an areal density less than or equal to 700 g/m2 (21 oz/yd2) and used in other con-struction applications

1.1.1.2 Test Method 1 shall not apply to the following, which shall be tested according to Test Method 2:

(1) Vinyl-coated fabric blackout linings or lined draperies us-ing a vinyl-coated fabric blackout lining

(2) Plastic films

(3) Decorative materials other than fabrics

(4) Other materials where Test Method 2 is required by 1.1.2

1.1.2 Test Method 2.

1.1.2.1 Test Method 2 (flat specimen configuration) shall ap-ply to the following:

(1) Decorative materials other than fabrics meeting the re-quirements of 1.1.1.1

(2) Fabrics, including multilayered fabrics, films, and plastic blinds, with or without reinforcement or backing, with areal densities greater than 700 g/m2 (21 oz/yd2)

(3) Vinyl-coated fabric blackout linings and lined draperies using a vinyl-coated fabric blackout lining

(4) Plastic films

(5) Fabrics, with or without reinforcement or backing, used for decorative or other purposes inside a building or as temporary or permanent enclosures for buildings under construction

(6) Fabrics used in the assembly of awnings, tents, tarps, membrane structures or banners

1.1.2.2 Test Method 2 shall not apply to the following:

(1) Materials covered by Test Method 1 (See 1.1.1.)

(2) Wall coverings, ceiling coverings, floor coverings, and other interior finish

1.1.2.3 Test Method 2 shall be used for testing plastic films, with or without reinforcement or backing, when used for decorative or other purposes inside a building or as temporary or permanent enclosures for buildings under construction.

1.1.2.4 Test Method 2 shall apply to fabrics used in the assem-bly of awnings, tents, tarps, and similar architectural fabric structures and banners.

1.1.3 Test Methods 1 and 2

1.1.3.1 When durability to cleaning or weathering is claimed, the textile or material shall be tested for flame propagation as produced and after being subjected to the applicable cleaning or exposure procedures, in accordance with Chapter 16.

1.1.3.2 For materials that are to be applied to surfaces of

buildings or backing materials that are to be used in buildings as interior finishes, the test textiles and films shall be tested and classified in accordance with ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, ANSI/UL 723, Standard Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, NFPA 265, or NFPA 286, whichever is re-quired by the authority having jurisdiction.

1.2* Purpose.

1.2.1 The purpose of Test Methods 1 and 2 shall be to assess

the propagation of flame beyond the area exposed to the igni-tion source.

1.2.2 Test Methods 1 and 2 shall not be deemed to indicate

whether the material tested resists the propagation of flame under more severe fire exposure conditions or when the ma-terial is used in a manner that differs from the test conditions.

1.3 Units.

1.3.1 If a value for measurement as given in this standard is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated value shall be regarded as the requirement.

1.3.2 A given equivalent value shall be considered to be ap-

proximate.

Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this standard and shall be con-sidered part of the requirements of this document.

701–5REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

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2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile or Expanded Vinyl Wall Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls, 2015 edition.

NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contri-bution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth, 2015 edition.

2.3 Other Publications.

2.3.1 AATCC Publications. American Association of Textile

Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.

AATCC Test Method 124, Smoothness Appearance of Fabrics After Repeated Home Laundering, 2011.

2.3.2 ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Barr

Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428- 2959.

ASTM D5025, Standard Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials, 2012.

ASTM D5207, Standard Practice for Confirmation of 20-mm (50-W) and 125-mm (500-W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials, 2009.

ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Charac-teristics of Building Materials, 2013a.

2.3.3 UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333

Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062–2096.

ANSI/UL 723, Standard Test for Surface Burning Characteris-tics of Building Materials, 2008, revised 2010.

2.3.4 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-

Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.

2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.

NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2015 edition.

NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contri-bution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth, 2015 edition.

Chapter 3 Definitions

3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall

apply to the terms used in this standard. Where terms are not defined in this chapter or within another chapter, they shall be defined using their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, shall be the source for the ordinarily accepted meaning.

3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.

3.2.1* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the require-ments of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.

3.2.2 Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.

3.2.3 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is

advised but not required.

3.2.4 Standard. An NFPA Standard, the main text of which

contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and that is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard and shall be located in an appendix, annex, footnote, informational note, or other means as permitted in the NFPA Manuals of Style. When used in a generic sense, such as in the phrase “standards development process” or “standards development activities,” the term “standards” includes all NFPA Standards, including Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices, and Guides.

3.3 General Definitions.

3.3.1* Decorative Materials. Materials suspended from walls, ceilings, or structural members for decorative, acoustical, or other effects.

3.3.2 Membrane Structure. A building or portion of a build-

ing incorporating an air-inflated, air-supported, tensioned-membrane structure; a membrane roof; or a membrane-covered rigid frame to protect habitable or usable space.

[101, 2015]

3.3.3 Textile. A fabric made of natural or man-made fibers.

[286, 2015]

Chapter 4 General Requirements for Test Method 1

4.1 General.

4.1.1 A weighed specimen consisting of one or more layers of

textile shall be suspended vertically from a pin bar near the top rear of an open-face test cabinet.

4.1.2 A specified gas flame shall be applied to the center of the lower edge of the specimen for 45 seconds and then with-drawn.

4.1.3 The specimen shall be allowed to burn until the flame

self-extinguishes and no further specimen damage occurs.

4.1.4 The specimen then shall be removed from the pin bar

and, after room conditioning, shall be weighed again.

4.1.5 The percent weight loss shall be determined and used as a measure of total flame propagation and specimen damage.

Chapter 5 Test Apparatus and Materials for Test Method 1

5.1 Conditioning Oven. A forced-draft oven that is capable of maintaining a temperature of 105°C ± 3°C (220°F ± 5°F) shall be used to condition the test specimens prior to testing.

5.2 Hood.

5.2.1 A standard laboratory hood, minimum 820 mm wide

× 750 mm high × 630 mm deep (32 in. × 30 in. × 25 in.), or other suitable enclosure shall be used and shall provide a draft-free environment around an open-face test chamber.

5.2.2 The hood or other enclosure shall be equipped with an

exhaust fan for exhausting the smoke as provided in 8.3.7.

701–6 FIRE TESTS FOR FLAME PROPAGATION OF TEXTILES AND FILMS

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5.3 Test Chamber, Specimen Mounting Pin Bar, and Gas Burner.

5.3.1 An open-face test chamber shall be constructed in ac-

cordance with Figure 5.3.1 using 12 mm (0.5 in.) thick marin-ite mineral board.

5.3.1.1 All interior surfaces of the cabinet shall be painted with a flat black paint that withstands the heating that occurs in the cabinet.

5.3.1.2 The cabinet with the burner and specimen in place

shall be arranged as depicted in Figure 5.3.1.2.

5.3.2 The pin bar for mounting the specimen shall be a 9 mm

(0.36 in.) square stainless steel bar, 190 mm (7.5 in.) in length, with steel pins 0.7 mm (0.027 in.) in diameter and 11 mm (0.43 in.) long, mounted at distances of 37 mm, 66 mm, 95 mm, 124 mm, and 153 mm (1.45 in., 2.60 in., 3.75 in.,

4.90 in., and 6.05 in.) from each end of the bar.

5.3.3* A Meker (Fisher) tapered laboratory burner with grid-top adjustable channels, which provides a premixed flame, shall be used as the ignition source.

5.4 Gas and Control System.

5.4.1 Methane gas that is at least 97 percent pure shall be

used for the burner fuel.

5.4.2* The gas shall be contained in a cylinder equipped with a pressure-reducing valve and gauges to allow maintenance of a pressure of 17.5 kPa ± 2.0 kPa (2.5 psi ± 0.25 psi) (132 mm Hg ± 13 mm Hg) at the flow gauge.

5.4.3* A gas flow gauge with a flow control valve shall be used to measure and control the gas flow rate.

5.4.4 The gas tank, flow gauge, control valves, and burner

shall be connected as shown in Figure 5.4.4.

5.4.4.1 Hose or tubing with at least a 6 mm (0.24 in.) bore

shall be used.

5.4.4.2 The control valve at the tank shall not be used to

control the flow through the flow gauge.

5.4.4.3 The flow valve at the tank shall be fully open during the test.

5.5* Mounting Jig. A mounting jig shall be used for mounting specimens to the pin bar in a uniform and safe manner.

5.6 Timer. A stopwatch or other timing device shall be used to measure time to the nearest 0.2 second.

5.7 Balance. A balance having a capacity of at least 100 g

(3.53 oz) and a resolution of 0.1 g (3.5 × 10-3 oz) shall be used to weigh the specimen.

5.8 Ruler. A ruler marked in 1 mm (1⁄32 in.) increments shall be used to measure the burner flame height and specimen dimensions.

5.9* Wire Brush. A brush manufactured from bronze wire shall be used for removing ash and char debris from the test

Drilled holes 25 mm (1.0 in.)

in from back wall

Side

Bottom

250 mm (9.8 in.)

160 mm (6.5 in.)

700 mm (27.5 in.)

500 mm (19.7 in.)

675 mm (26.6 in.)

Side

Top

Back

FIGURE 5.3.1 Test Cabinet for Test Method 1.

Pin bar

Pin bar holder

3-prong clamp

Back wall

Burner face 25 mm (1.0 in.)

25 mm (1.0 in.)

Ring stand

Gas flow valve

Ring stand clamp

TOP MOVABLE SECTION

BOTTOM SECTION

FIGURE 5.3.1.2 Schematic of Burner and Specimen Place-ment for Test Method 1.

Needle valve

Pressure gauge

Gas supply

1.5 m (5 ft) max.

Burner

6.3 mm (¹⁄₄ in.) tubingRotameter

FIGURE 5.4.4 Gas Line Feed Arrangement to Burner for Test Method 1.

701–7TEST APPARATUS AND MATERIALS FOR TEST METHOD 1

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5.10* Binder Clips.

5.10.1 Clips used in this test shall be 18 mm ± 1 mm (0.75 in.

± 0.04 in.) wide and shall weigh 3.0 g ± 0.2 g (0.1 oz ± 0.007 oz).

5.10.2 In Test Method 1, the clips shall serve as small weights to be attached to the lower corners of the test specimens in order to stabilize them.

Chapter 6 Calibration and Standardization for Test Method 1

6.1 General.

6.1.1 At the start of each series of tests, the air vents at the base of the burner shall be fully open and the gas flow set for a flow gauge scale reading of 70 ± 2, using the flow control valve on the gauge, corresponding to an airflow of 895 ml/min ± 25 ml/min (5.26 × 10-5 ft3/sec ± 1.47 × 10-5 ft3/sec) and a methane flow of 1205 ml/min ± 35 ml/min (7.1 × 10-4 ft3/sec ± 2.0 × 10-5 ft3/sec).

6.1.2 At the same time, the pressure gauge shall read 17.5 kPa ± 2.0 kPa (2.5 psi ± 0.25 psi) (132 mm Hg ± 13 mm Hg), providing a flame height of 100 mm ± 10 mm (4.0 in. ± 0.4 in.)

with the burner in a vertical position.

6.1.3 The flow control valve on the burner shall be fully open.

Chapter 7 Specimens and Conditioning for Test Method 1

7.1 Test Specimens.

7.1.1 Ten individual test specimens shall be cut from a single piece of the material to be evaluated to a size of 150 mm ± 5 mm × 400 mm ± 5 mm (5.90 in. ± 0.20 in. × 15.80 in.

± 0.20 in.), with the length parallel to the lengthwise direction of the material.

7.1.2 These 10 specimens shall constitute a sample.

7.1.3 Specimens shall not be taken nearer the selvage than

1⁄10 of the full width of the textile.

7.1.4 For multilayer assemblies, the layers shall be sewn to-gether as shown in Figure 7.1.4 using a plain stitch with

2.5 stitches/cm ± 0.25 stitch/cm (6.4 stitches/in. ± 0.6 stitch/in.).

7.1.4.1 A No. 40 polyester/cotton sewing thread shall be

used.

7.1.4.2 The layers of the multilayer assembly shall be sewn

along all four edges at a distance of 5 mm ± 1 mm (0.2 in.

± 0.04 in.) from the edge.

7.1.4.3 A fifth seam shall be sewn along the center of the

assembly in the lengthwise direction.

7.1.4.4 This center seam shall extend the full length of the

specimen.

7.1.4.5 Seams shall not be required in single-layer textile

specimens.

7.1.5 Each specimen shall be numbered and weighed to the

nearest 0.1 g (3.5 × 10-3 oz) before conditioning.

7.1.6 The mass of each specimen shall be recorded.

7.2 Conditioning.

7.2.1 The specimens shall be placed in a forced-draft oven to allow free circulation of air around the specimens.

7.2.2 The specimens shall be dried for at least 30 minutes at 105°C ± 3°C (220°F± 5°F).

7.2.3 If the specimens melt or permanently deform at 105°C

(220°F) or below, the specimens shall be conditioned at 20°C ± 5°C (68°F ± 9°F) for at least 24 hours prior to flame exposure.

Chapter 8 Test Procedure for Test Method 1

8.1 Mounting of Test Specimens.

8.1.1* After conditioning, the specimen shall be attached to the pin bar with the top of the specimen centered on the bar.

8.1.1.1 The pins shall be 5 mm ± 1 mm (0.20 in. ± 0.04 in.)

from the top edge of the specimen.

8.1.1.2 The specimen shall be mounted with the assistance of

a jig.

8.1.1.3 The specimen shall be placed on the pin bar so that

the surface or the layer intended to face the wall or window during normal use faces the pin bar.

8.1.2 The pin bar shall be mounted on the support hanger

located at the back of the test chamber ceiling.

8.1.2.1 The surface that in normal use is intended to face the wall or window shall face the back of the test chamber.

8.1.2.2 When the pin bar and hanger are placed, the side of

the specimen facing the back wall of the test chamber shall be 25 mm ± 2 mm (1.0 in. ± 0.08 in.) from the wall surface.

150 mm (5.9 in.)

400 mm (15.75 in.)

FIGURE 7.1.4 Multilayer Specimen for Test Method 1.

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8.2 Burner Placement and Preparation.

8.2.1 The burner shall be placed so that it is 25 mm ± 2 mm

(1.0 in. ± 0.08 in.) from the face of the specimen and with the center axis of the burner horizontal and perpendicular to the bottom of the center seam in the specimen.

8.2.2 Position adjustments shall be permitted to be made by

moving the support base and by adjusting the height and angle of the burner.

8.2.3 The exhaust fan shall be turned on.

8.3* Conducting the Test.

8.3.1 The test shall be initiated within 2 minutes of removing the specimen from the forced-draft oven.

8.3.2 The gas shall be turned on fully at the burner control

valve and allowed to flow for 20 seconds ± 1 second before it is ignited.

8.3.3 The specimen shall be exposed to the igniting flame for 45 seconds ± 1 second.

8.3.4 After the 45-second exposure, the burner shall be

turned on its mount so that its center axis is parallel to the plane of the specimen, and then the gas flow shall be turned off using the control valve on the burner.

8.3.5 The gas flow rate shall be controlled by the valve at the flow gauge.

8.3.6 Binder clips measuring 18 mm ± 1 mm (0.75 in.

± 0.04 in.) shall be attached to the specimen at each bottom corner.

8.3.6.1 Each binder clip shall have a weight of 3.0 g ± 0.2 g (0.1 oz ± 7 × 10-3 oz).

8.3.6.2 The clips shall be positioned such that the “biting

edge” of each clip is 5 mm ± 1 mm (0.20 in. ± 0.04 in.) above the lower edge of the specimen.

8.3.6.3 The clips shall be placed 5 mm ± 1 mm (0.20 in.

± 0.04 in.) in from the left and right side edges of the speci-men, respectively.

8.3.7 The exhaust fan shall remain on throughout the test

procedure.

8.3.8 The front of the hood shall be closed after the burner is turned off and is moved away from the specimen to remove the smoke produced by the burning specimen.

8.3.9 The afterflame time of the specimen (burning time of

the specimen after the gas flow is turned off) and the burning time of material that falls to the bottom of the chamber shall be measured and recorded.

8.3.10 Observations such as, but not limited to, the type, amount, color, density, and odor of smoke produced, the vig-orousness of burning, and the dripping of molten material shall be recorded.

8.3.11 The pin bar and specimen shall be removed from the

hanger.

8.3.12 The wire brush shall be used to remove lightly at-

tached ash and char from the specimen.

8.3.13 The specimen shall be removed from the pin bar.

8.3.14 The portion of the specimen removed from the pin

bar shall be weighed to the nearest 0.1 g (3.5 × 10-3 oz), and the weight shall be recorded.

8.3.15 Any material that has fallen away from the specimen

shall not be weighed.

8.3.16 The mass shall be determined no sooner than 1 hour

after the residual material has been removed from the pin bar.

Chapter 9 Calculation of Results for Test Method 1

9.1 Calculation of Percent Mass Loss.

9.1.1 The percent mass loss of each specimen shall be deter-

mined from the following equation:

Mass before test mass after test mass before test perce nnt mass loss

[9.1.1]

9.1.2 The percent mass loss shall be recorded.

9.1.3 The mean percent mass loss and the standard deviation

for the sample consisting of 10 specimens shall be calculated.

9.1.4 When the percent mass loss of any individual specimen

exceeds the mean value plus 3 standard deviations, the test shall be repeated on another sample of 10 specimens.

9.1.5 The mean percent mass loss and standard deviation for

the second set of 10 specimens shall be calculated.

Chapter 10 Flame Propagation Performance Criteria for Test Method 1

10.1 Performance Criteria.

10.1.1 To pass Test Method 1, a sample shall meet the criteria in 10.1.1.1 through 10.1.1.4.

10.1.1.1 Fragments or residues of specimens that fall to the

floor of the test chamber shall not continue to burn for more than an average of 2 seconds per specimen for the sample of 10 specimens.

10.1.1.2 The average weight loss of the 10 specimens in a

sample shall be 40 percent or less.

10.1.1.3 No individual specimen’s percent mass loss shall de-viate more than 3 standard deviations from the mean for the 10 specimens.

10.1.1.4 When a retest is required, no individual specimen’s

percent mass loss in the second set of specimens shall deviate from the mean value by more than 3 standard deviations cal-culated for the second set.

10.1.2 When a sample does not demonstrate passing perfor-

mance in accordance with all of the conditions indicated in

10.1.1.1 through 10.1.1.4, the material shall be recorded as having failed Test Method 1.

Chapter 11 General Requirements for Test Method 2

11.1 General. Test Method 2 shall expose a 1200 mm (47.25 in.)

long specimen to a 280 mm ± 12 mm (11.0 in. ± 0.5 in.) igniting

701–9GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TEST METHOD 2

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± 0.4 in.) high.

Chapter 12 Test Apparatus and Materials for Test Method 2

12.1 Conditioning Oven.

12.1.1 A forced-draft oven shall be used to condition test

specimens prior to testing.

12.1.2 The interior of the oven shall provide free airflow

around each specimen it contains.

12.1.3 The oven used shall have variable temperature control

that is capable of maintaining its interior at a temperature of 105°C ± 3°C (220°F ± 5°F).

12.2 Test Enclosure.

12.2.1 The test shall be conducted in a four-sided metal stack with sides 305 mm ± 5 mm (12.0 in. ± 0.2 in.) wide and 2130 mm ± 10 mm (84.0 in. ± 0.4 in.) high in accordance with Figure 12.2.1.

12.2.1.1 The stack shall be supported 305 mm ± 5 mm

(12.0 in. ± 0.2 in.) above the floor by legs and shall be open at the top and bottom.

12.2.1.2 The stack shall have a means for hanging the speci-

men as specified in 12.2.1.2.1 through 12.2.1.2.3.

12.2.1.2.1 Top Specimen Rod.

(1) The top specimen rod shall consist of a steel rod 1.5 mm ± 0.1 mm or 3.0 mm ± 0.1 mm (0.060 in. ± 0.003 in. or

0.120 in. ± 0.003 in.) in diameter and 330 mm ± 10 mm (13 in. ± 0.4 in.) long, sharpened to a point at one end.

(2) The stack shall have holes of 4 mm (0.16 in.) on both sides aligned horizontally and located 1190 mm ± 10 mm (46.8 in. ± 0.4 in.) above the bottom edge of the cabinet for the location of the top specimen rod.

12.2.1.2.2 Bottom Specimen Rod. The bottom specimen rod

shall consist of a steel rod 1.5 mm ± 0.1 mm (0.060 in.

± 0.003 in.) in diameter, 255 mm ± 10 mm (10.0 in. ± 0.4 in.)

long, sharpened to a point at one end.

12.2.1.2.3 Vertical Guide Wires. Vertical guide wires shall con-sist of soft steel wire that makes a pair of vertical guide wires on each side of the stack spaced 100 mm ± 5 mm (4 in. ± 0.2 in.)

to the right and left of the vertical center of the stack [each pair separated by 200 mm ± 5 mm (8 in. ± 0.2 in.)].

(1) The wires of each pair shall be 25 mm ± 2 mm (1.0 in. ±

0.1 in.) apart (front to back, in the cabinet).

(2) The vertical guide wires shall be mounted using rods 6 mm ± 0.05 mm (0.250 in. ± 0.020 in.) in diameter fixed horizontally at the top and bottom of the stack, in accor-dance with Figure 12.2.1.2.3.

12.2.1.3 A glass fiber fabric baffle shall be installed in the upper portion of the test cabinet as specified in 12.2.1.3.1 through 12.2.1.3.6.

12.2.1.3.1 A piece of glass fiber fabric measuring 1000 mm

± 10 mm × 125 mm ± 5 mm (39.4 in. ± 0.4 in. × 4.9 in. ± 0.2 in.)

shall be cut.

12.2.1.3.2 A 40 mm ± 3 mm (1.6 in. ± 0.1 in.) hem shall be

sewn on each end of the fabric using a glass sewing thread.

930 mm (36.6 in.)

10 mm (0.4 in.)

1190 mm (46.8 in.)

FIGURE 12.2.1 Orthographic View of Test Cabinet for Test Method 2.

Pair of rods to hold vertical support wires

Pair of vertical support wires

Pair of vertical support wires

Front of cabinet is open (no door)

Pair of rods to hold vertical support wires

FIGURE 12.2.1.2.3 Vertical Guide Support.

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12.2.1.3.3 A 3 mm ± 0.2 mm × 330 mm ± 5 mm (0.12 in.

± 0.01 in. × 13 in. ± 0.2 in.) rod shall be inserted through the hem at one end and through holes 4 mm ± 0.5 mm (0.158 in.

± 0.02 in.) in the top middle of the two opposite sides of the cabinet.

12.2.1.3.4 These holes shall be centered 10 mm ± 1 mm

(0.4 in. ± 0.04 in.) below the top edge of the cabinet and midway between the front and back of the cabinet.

12.2.1.3.5 A 3 mm ± 0.2 mm × 330 mm ± 5 mm (0.12 in.

± 0.01 in. × 13 in. ± 0.2 in.) rod shall be inserted through the bottom hem of the glass fabric and also through the slotted holes that are in the opposite sides of the test cabinet centered 930 mm ± 2 mm (36.6 in. ± 0.08 in.) below the top of the cabinet.

12.2.1.3.6 These slotted holes shall be 4 mm ± 0.5 mm

× 25 mm ± 1 mm (0.160 in. ± 0.020 in. × 1.00 in. ± 0.040 in.), rounded at each end.

12.2.2 The stack shall be located in a room, chamber, or

hood where the temperature is 15°C ± 10°C (60°F ± 18°F) and the relative humidity does not exceed 70 percent.

12.2.2.1 The room shall be totally enclosed and have one

access door.

12.2.2.2 The room shall be draft-free, such that when the

room door is closed and the test cabinet door is open, the igniting flame is an undisturbed vertical diffusion flame.

12.2.2.3 The room shall be provided with an exhaust system for removal of smoke and gases on the completion of each test.

12.2.2.4 The exhaust system shall not be operated during the

performance of a test.

12.2.3 The test chamber shall be free of drafts that affect the stability of the flame.

12.2.4 Figure 12.2.1, Figure 12.2.1.2.3, Figure 12.4.4, Fig-

ure 12.4.6.3, Figure 13.1.3, Figure 13.1.5(a), and Figure 13.1.5(b) shall be used for details regarding enclosure con-struction and facilities for mounting both flat and folded test specimens.

12.3 Restraining Clamps. See 14.2.4 and 14.2.5.

12.4* Gas Burner.

12.4.1 A laboratory burner that conforms to ASTM D5025, Standard Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials, has an inside diameter of

9.5 mm + 1.5, –0 mm (0.37 in. + 0.06, –0 in.) and a length of 100 mm ± 0 mm (3.9 in. ± 0.39 in.), and meets the calibration or confirmation practice of ASTM D5207, Standard Practice for Confirmation of 20-mm (50-W) and 125-mm (500-W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials, shall be used for the ignition source.

12.4.2 If the burner is equipped with a gas flow controlling

valve, the valve shall be open fully in order to prevent restric-tion of gas flow.

12.4.3 The air vents shall be kept closed and sealed.

12.4.4 The burner shall be fixed in a position so that the

barrel is at a 25-degree angle with the vertical, with the upper tip of the burner located 100 mm (4 in.) below the bottom edge of the test specimen as noted in Figure 12.4.4.

12.4.5 The gas supply to the burner shall be at least 97 per-cent pure methane or manufactured or natural gas having a heat value of 25 × 106 J/m3 to 31 × 106 J/m3 (800 Btu/ft3 to 1000 Btu/ft3).

12.4.6 A needle valve for gas flow control shall be used fol-lowed by a rotameter in the gas line leading to the burner.

12.4.6.1 The upper limit of the rotameter shall be 150 L/hr

to 300 L/hr (1.47 × 10-3 ft3/sec to 2.9 × 10-3 ft3/sec).

12.4.6.2 A pressure gauge shall be located between the gas

supply and the needle valve used for controlling the gas flow.

12.4.6.3 The gas lines from the needle valve to the rotameter and from the rotameter to the burner shall have a bore of at least 6 mm (0.24 in.) and shall not exceed a total length of

1.5 m (5 ft). (See Figure 12.4.6.3.)

12.5 Timer. A stopwatch or other timing device that measures

to an accuracy of 0.5 second shall be used for determining afterflame of burning specimens and the flame time of por-tions of residues that break away or drip from the test speci-men and continue to flame after reaching the floor of the test chamber.

12.6 Ruler. A ruler marked in 1 mm (1⁄32 in.) increments shall be used to measure the burner flame height and specimen dimensions.

Specimen in place for testing

76.2 mm (3 in.) Clips

Guide wires

100 mm (4 in.)

25°

Bottom wire supports

203.2 mm (8 in.)

FIGURE 12.4.4 View of Inside at Bottom of Cabinet.

Needle valve

Pressure gauge

Gas supply

1.5 m (5 ft) max.

Burner

6.3 mm (¹⁄₄ in.) tubingRotameter

FIGURE 12.4.6.3 Gas Line Feed Arrangement to Burner for Test Method 2.

701–11TEST APPARATUS AND MATERIALS FOR TEST METHOD 2

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Chapter 13 Specimens and Conditioning for Test Method 2

13.1 Test Specimens.

13.1.1 Selvages shall be removed from the material to be

evaluated before cutting and conditioning specimens.

13.1.1.1 The test specimens shall be taken from widely sepa-

rated and symmetrically located sections over the entire area of the material.

13.1.1.2 The specimens shall be cut on their long dimension

in the lengthwise direction of the material.

13.1.2 For conducting flame tests of flat sheet materials, at least 10 specimens measuring 125 mm × 1200 mm ± 25 mm (4.9 in. × 47.25 in. ± 1.0 in.) shall be used.

13.1.3 Only those specimens that cannot be folded shall be

tested in the flat configuration. (See Figure 13.1.3.)

13.1.4 For conducting flame tests of materials hung in folds, at least four specimens 610 mm ± 25 mm × 1200 mm ± 25 mm (24.0 in. ± 1.0 in. × 47.25 in. ± 1.0 in.) shall be used.

13.1.5 Each specimen shall be folded longitudinally to form

four folds so that the segment of material on each side of a fold uniformly measures 125 mm ± 20 mm (4.9 in. ± 0.8 in.) in width over the length of the specimen. [See Figure 13.1.5(a) and Figure 13.1.5(b).]

13.1.6 For multilayer assemblies (either flat or folded), the lay-ers shall be sewn together as shown in Figure 13.1.6 using a plain stitch with 2.5 stitches/cm ± 0.25 stitch/cm (6.4 stitches/in.

± 0.6 stitch/in.).

13.1.6.1 A No. 40 polyester/cotton sewing thread shall be

used.

13.1.6.2 The layers of the multilayer assembly shall be sewn

along all four edges at a distance of 5 mm ± 1 mm (0.2 in.

± 0.04 in.) from the edge.

13.1.6.3 A fifth seam shall be sewn along the center of the

assembly in the lengthwise direction.

13.1.6.4 This center seam shall extend the full length of the specimen.

13.1.6.5 The seam shall be within 10 mm (0.4 in.) of the

center of the specimen.

13.2 Conditioning of Test Specimens.

13.2.1 The test specimens shall be conditioned in an oven at

a temperature of 105°C ± 3°C (220°F ± 5°F) for not less than 1 hour or more than 3 hours before testing.

13.2.2 Each specimen shall be removed from the oven no

earlier than 2 minutes before the gas burner is ignited.

FIGURE 13.1.3 Test Sample Flat Sheet.

FIGURE 13.1.5(a) Test Sample in Folds.

Flame application point

FIGURE 13.1.5(b) Bottom View of Folded Sample.

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13.2.3 If the specimens melt or permanently deform at 105°C

(220°F), they shall be conditioned at 20°C ± 5°C (68°F ± 9°F) for at least 24 hours prior to flame exposure.

Chapter 14 Flame Test Procedures for Test Method 2

14.1 Mounting of Test Specimens.

14.1.1 The 330 mm (13 in.) steel mounting rod shall be

threaded through the specimen so that the folded or flat con-figuration, as appropriate, shall be maintained.

14.1.1.1 The rod shall be threaded through the specimen

15 mm ± 5 mm (0.6 in. ± 0.2 in.) below the top edge of the test specimen.

14.1.1.2 The folded specimens shall be suspended vertically

with the edges of the two center folds facing the front of the stack.

14.1.1.3 The folds shall be spread 12 mm ± 3 mm (0.5 in.

± 0.12 in.) apart by means of the top support rod and the

1.5 mm × 255 mm (0.06 in. × 10 in.) sharpened rod that shall be installed halfway down the length of the specimen to hold the folds in place.

14.1.1.4 The bottom of the center portion of the section be-

tween the two middle folds shall be 100 mm ± 10 mm (4.0 in.

± 0.4 in.) above the burner.

14.1.1.5 The flat specimens shall be suspended vertically in

the stack with their full width facing the front of the stack so that the center of the bottom of the specimen is located 100 mm ± 10 mm (4.0 in. ± 0.4 in.) above the burner.

14.1.2 Test specimens shall be restrained laterally at the mid-point of their length and within 75 mm (3 in.) of the bottom edge by bulldog clips and lightweight chains attached to the vertical guide wires.

14.1.3 Figure 13.1.3, Figure 13.1.5(a), and Figure 13.1.5(b)

shall be used for details for mounting test specimens.

14.2 Conducting the Flame Test.

14.2.1 The gas burner shall be ignited.

14.2.2 The gas pressure shall be 17.5 kPa ± 2.0 kPa (2.5 psi

± 0.25 psi) (132 mm Hg ± 13 mm Hg) with a flow rate of 113 L/hr ± 3 L/hr (1.1 × 10-3 ft3/sec ± 2.9 × 10-5 ft3/sec).

14.2.3 The burner air inlets shall be sealed with vinyl electri-cal adhesive tape to prevent the entrance of air, and the gas shall be adjusted to produce a 280 mm ± 12 mm (11 in. ±

0.5 in.) flame.

14.2.4 The position of the specimen relative to the test flame shall be maintained by using bulldog clips attached to the edges of the specimen and the vertical guide wires with light-weight chains.

14.2.5 These clips shall be attached to the edges of the speci-men at the midpoint of the specimen’s length.

14.2.6 The test flame shall be applied to the specimen for

2 minutes and then shall be withdrawn.

14.2.7 The flame shall be applied at an angle of 25 degrees

from the vertical with the burner opening 100 mm (4 in.)

below the edge of the specimen and within 20 mm (0.8 in.) of the middle of the width of the lower edge of the specimen in a single sheet, or at the middle segment of folded specimens.

[See Figure 13.1.5(b).]

14.2.8 The duration of flaming combustion of material that

drops to the floor of the test chamber shall be measured to the nearest 0.5 second and recorded.

14.2.9 The duration of burning of the specimen after the

igniting flame has been removed shall be measured to the nearest 0.5 second and recorded.

14.2.10 After all flaming has ceased, the test cabinet and room shall be purged of smoke and gases…