01c-Historic_Preservation.pdf

HISTORIC PRESERVATION TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

FOR

THE SCOTT AIR FORCE BASE HISTORIC DISTRICT

SUBMITTED BY

THE CENTER OF EXPERTISE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, SEATTLE DISTRICT

FOR

CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT

SCOTT AIR FORCE BASE, ILLINOIS

JANUARY 2013

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Attachment 1c i

CONTENTS

1. SUMMARY AND PURPOSE

2. INDIVIDUAL BUILDING TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

3. MATRIX OF TREATMENT NEEDS

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1. SUMMARY AND PURPOSE

In 1994 the most cohesive concentration of historic buildings at Scott Air Force Base was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The historic district represents the earliest formation of the base, but is dominated by historic properties associated with the pre-World War II expansion of the base (1937-1940). The architectural signature of the district is primarily colonial revival, with references to Georgian, Federal, and Art Deco styling, as well as general industrial design characteristics of the period – all rendered in brick veneers with contrasting wood, stone and cast stone detailing.

The first inventory and evaluation of historic properties dating to the pre-1945 era was conducted in 1992, with the subsequent National Register listing of the district. An additional study of Cold War era properties was made in 1994. An historic maintenance plan ( ) provides general guidance for architectural values, materials, and features of the district, as well as an overview of the Section 106 process and chain of command protocols for cultural resource review.

This document is intended to supplement the maintenance plan by offering building specific treatments and identifying prioritized and immediate actions that should be taken to arrest ongoing or potential damage to historic fabric. Targeted properties are those that contribute to the historic district, primarily administrative, maintenance, and recreational properties. The residential housing sections of the district are currently in private management and are therefore not addressed here. However, the spirit of these recommendations applies to all historic properties within the district and may be applied to housing units where appropriate.

Throughout the district there is a recurring pattern of material decline or failure, predominantly in the brick, stone, and mortar conditions of many building. Adherence to state-of-the industry standards for historic masonry and mortar repair is essential for the longevity and functionality of all district buildings, and will help avoid costly repairs and corrections. Toward this end, masonry recommendations are included in almost every building treatment evaluation.

Treatment recommendations fall in to two categories. Urgent preservation matters require immediate action to arrest or prevent major breakdown of historic materials and functionality.

Secondary Preservation issues denote aspects of a building that should be addressed if costs and feasibility allow in order to return historic architectural values and loss of historic integrity.

Because the historic district derives its significance from exterior values – and because building interiors have experienced much alteration – these recommendations address exteriors, which in most cases present a relatively high level of integrity.

Building evaluations were made on site in October 2012, and included photography of building exteriors and details, with a focus on urgent issues that demand immediate attention. It is suggested that these treatments guidelines be supplemented by a semi-regular one-day classroom training concerning the regulatory requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act, and the application of best preservation practices throughout the historic district. All recommendation presented herein are grounded in the guidelines and standards set forth by the Department of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for the Treatment of Historic Buildings.

For each building, applicable standards are recommended. These Preservation Briefs are established by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. They provide guidance on preserving, rehabilitating and restoring historic buildings according to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. Full briefs available on line at: (http://www.nps.gov/hps/tps/briefs/presbhom.htm). Hard copies of the Briefs may also be purchased from the Government Printing Office.

Finally, the newly revised U.S. Army Corps of Engineers specification, “Section 04 01 00.91 – Restoration and Cleaning of Masonry in Historic Structures” is strongly recommended as the most current state-of-the-industry guidance for cleaning, repairing, and re-pointing historic masonry buildings, and in some cases exceeds the guidance provided in Preservation Briefs 1, 2, and 6.

http://www.nps.gov/hps/tps/briefs/presbhom.htm

2. INDIVIDUAL BUILDING ASSESSMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

BUILDING 2

HISTORIC – OLD GUARD POST AND CHECKING STATION (1940)

CURRENT – MONUMENT/MEMORIAL

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Elliptical form and footprint; smooth fired common brick veneer with deep mortar

• Single pane casement windows with beaded moldings

• Two steel and glass nine-light doors on north and south

• Smooth concrete surfaces with stepped cornice, and window sill level water table

• Slightly conical roof with standing seam metal cladding

Preservation Treatment Priorities

The building has received general maintenance and painting, and appears outwardly to be in good condition. Closer inspection reveals some loss of mortar, and occasional brick erosion.

The concrete cornice, though well painted, exhibits loss of concrete material (nicks, missing material) in some places.

No water damage or penetration is evident is evident on building surfaces. The formerly flat roof has been re-clad with a standing seam metal in a slightly conical profile. This alteration took place after the historic property inventory conducted in 1992, which at the time described the roof as sheathed in rolled asphalt. Although this roof is no longer historic fabric, it should be maintained or returned to its previous profile and non-metal cladding.

At this time, brick surfaces and mortar joints should be regularly inspected to ensure no further erosion is occurring. Should loss of mortar or brick damage increase, re-pointing of joints should be accomplished using a mortar strength, pigment and composition identical to the existing. Re-pointed joints should be struck to the same depth and profile as existing. Severely damaged bricks should be replaced with bricks of an identical color and firing.

Applicable Preservation Standards and Briefs

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Specification: UFGS-04900 – Restoration and Cleaning of Masonry in Historic Structures http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/briefs/brief15.htm

Figure 1. East elevation.

Figure 2. Detail of windows. Note the eroded concrete cornice has been painted.

BUILDING 3

HISTORIC – ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING (1940)

CURRENT – HEADQUARTERS

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Stone portico, cornices, and other details with slightly recessed mortar joints

• Gabled and hipped roof profiles

• Smooth fired red brick, with slightly recessed mortar joints.

• Classical details, strong moldings, capitols

• Multi-lite sash windows: 6/6 on third floor; 9/9 sash windows (present sash are replacements)

Preservation Treatment Priorities

External condition appears sounds and no urgent preservation issues are apparent. As with most historic district buildings, brick and stone and mortar joints exhibit some deterioration.

Entrance steps and wing wall mortar is missing in some locations, and should be repaired (re-pointed) to arrest further erosions or water intrusion. The interior of the entrance portico (ceiling) has attracted some biological activity, which should be inspected and removed.

At this time, brick surfaces and mortar joints should be regularly inspected to ensure no further erosion is occurring. Should loss of mortar or brick damage increase, re-pointing of joints should be accomplished using a mortar strength, pigment and composition identical to the existing. Re-pointed joints should be struck to the same depth and profile as existing. Severely damaged bricks should be replaced with bricks of an identical color and firing.

The multi-lite window sashes are a strong character defining feature of the building. Although the present sashes are replacements (original were present in the 1992 inventory), the overall sash style and muntin pattern should be preserved or replicated in any future replacement or repair of windows.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete

Figure 1. Main Entrance with portico, looking southeast.

Figure 2. Entrance portico gable, showing efflorescence and joint repairs using a mortar of incompatible strength and pigment.

Figure 3. Loss of mortar on the entrance stair wing walls.

Figure 4. Front entrance portico, right molding showing loss of stone and water staining around a mortar joint. Likely cause is improper drainage of the overlying cornice, or missing mortar that enables water to migrate downward.

Figure 5. Replacement nine-over-nine sashes. Although the units are not historic, the true divided lites (muntins) lend a more appropriate historic character than the false muntin grids often found throughout the historic district.

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Figure 6. Ceiling of entrance portico, showing wood wedges to discourage biological infestations – nests. Such devices should be periodically inspected to ensure they are not trapping moisture or attracting insects, as is apparent here.

BUILDING 4

HISTORIC – HOSPITAL BUILDING (1940)

CURRENT – HEADQUARTERS, MAJOR COMMAND

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Stone portico, cornices, and other details with slightly recessed mortar joints

• Symmetrical elevation

• Hipped roof with cross gable on front elevation

• Classical details and moldings; brick pilasters with capitals, segmental entrance pediment with pilasters

• Smooth fired red brick, with slightly recessed mortar joints

• 6/6 lite sash windows with concrete lug sills

Preservation Treatment Priorities

The building is currently undergoing a major renovation, making it difficult to assess the existing or projected conditions of the building. External condition appears sound and no urgent preservation issues are apparent. On the front elevation (north) there are several areas where eroded brick mortar joints have been re-pointed. However, the mortar color contrasts inappropriately with the original, and the joints have been struck improperly, giving a wider non-historic appearance in these areas. Efflorescence (calcification/salts) is present below window sills and re-pointing in many places.

At this time, brick surfaces and mortar joints should be regularly inspected to ensure no further erosion is occurring. Should loss of mortar or brick damage increase, re-pointing of joints should be accomplished using a mortar strength, pigment and composition identical to the existing. Re-pointed joints should be struck to the same depth and profile as existing. Severely damaged bricks should be replaced with bricks of an identical color and firing.

The multi-lite window sashes are a strong character defining feature of the building. Although the present sashes are replacements (original windows were present in the 1992 inventory), the overall sash style and muntin pattern is appropriate and should be maintained or replicated in any future replacement or repair of windows.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete

Figure 1. North elevation under renovation, November 2012.

Figure 2. North elevation. Efflorescence beneath window may be an indication of recent re-pointing to correct an eroded area. Repaired joints have been struck too wide using an inappropriate color.

Figure 3. North elevation re-pointing repairs, also using an inappropriately wide Mortar joint and mortar of a contrasting color.

BUILDING 5

HISTORIC – NON ENLISTED MEN’S LOUNGE (1939)

CURRENT – COMMUNICATIONS FACILITY

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Building footprint, height, massing

• Classical revival features; Palladian windows, columns/capitols, strong cornices

• Combination red brick walls and contrasting stone and wood details

• Multi-lite sash windows

• Slate shingle roof

• Brick chimneys

Urgent Preservation Issues

The building exhibits loss of paint on wood surfaces in many areas which should be addressed to prevent ultraviolet exposure or water pathways that can damage and deteriorate surfaces.

Masonry and mortar joints appear mostly sound, however, some staining of window sills and other stone features may be an indication of water access. The slate shingle roof should be inspected for damage or uplift on individuals units.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The alteration of the west elevation (formerly glassed-in porch) is highly visible along POW/MIA Drive and has compromised the overall integrity of the building. This change, though close to achieving fifty year age status is not associated with an important historical theme or event, and therefore cannot be considered significant. Most inappropriate are the contemporary windows inserted between columns, as well as the single leaf metal door. Because of the prominence of this elevation within the district, it would be appropriate to return the porch to its former configuration with multi-lite glass panels.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Preservation Brief 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/briefs/brief09.htm http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/briefs/brief10.htm

Figure 1. North elevation with strong character defining features – Palladian window, multi-lite sash windows, strong cornices, cornice returns.

Figure 2. North elevation Palladian window detail. Painted wood is flaking; and cast stone window sills show water staining.

Figure 1. Looking southeast, with bricked-in former porch.

Figure 2. West elevation: Formerly glazed porch was bricked-in around 1960;

and contemporary sash windows fitted between columns. A 1960-era metal door was installed in the center.

BUILDING 6

HISTORIC – GYMNASIUM (1939)

CURRENT – GYMNASIUM

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Classical revival details; two story portico entrance

• Red brick walls and mortar joints color and profile

• Steel industrial multi-lite windows with hoppers

• Gables roofs with raised parapets and concrete copings

• Gable end louver vents

• Concrete lug sills and other belt courses and moldings

No urgent matters were observed. Masonry and mortar joints appear mostly sound, however, some staining of window sills and efflorescence on brick may be an indication of water access.

Damaged flashing behind the parapet – or pooling water areas – should be repaired. Original steel multi-lite windows should be inspected for damage or moisture action. Damage or staining/oxidation should be cleaned and repaired.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The building presents good exterior integrity, however, the East elevation bricking-in of window openings has compromised this side of the building.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 13: The Repair and Thermal Upgrading of Historic Steel Windows http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/briefs/brief13.htm

Figure 1. North (front) elevation and portico.

Figure 2. Original industrial steel windows with hoppers.

Concrete lug sills exhibit water staining.

Figure 3. South elevation, with addition at right.

Figure 4. South elevation detail showing efflorescence on brick surfaces.

Figure 5. East elevation with former window openings in-filled with brick.

BUILDING 7

HISTORIC – ELECTRIC SUBSTATION (1923)

CURRENT – AREA DEFENSE COUNCIL OFFICE

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Square footprint

• Gabled roof with stepped parapet and concrete copings

• Smooth red brick walls and original mortar joints with heavy aggregate

• Raised concrete foundation with water table

• Three broad window openings with wide concrete lintels

• North elevation single door entrance

• 10/10 lite sash window configuration

Urgent Preservation Issues

Upper gables on both the East and West elevations exhibit serious past, and ongoing erosion of mortar and damage to brick and parapet copings. Damage via water access has been occurring for a long period of time, as evidence by the variety of re-pointing actions. Some past damage may be due to settlement of the building, which appears to have cracked the central window swill on each end of the building, however, inappropriate treatment of the roof and flashing behind the parapets has clearly exacerbated problems.

It is apparent that hard, highly cementitious mortar has been used to patch joints in many areas. The hard compressive strength of the mortar has caused a separation from adjacent brick and mortar and enabled additional water to penetrate. Old repairs should be carefully removed (excavated by hand if possible). Re-pointing should be done using a mortar of the same strength as the original. In addition, proportions of cement/lime to aggregate and sand should be reproduced.

The newer metal flashing may have arrested immediate water damage, however, the bead of calking above the flashing appears to be a hard material that could disengage from neighboring materials and allow water penetration. These areas should be inspected to ensure that the calking has not pulled away from the parapet. If this is occurring, the calking should be carefully removed and appropriate historic mortar inserted in its place.

Secondary Preservation Issues

Because of the building’s age and status as the only remnant of Scott AFB’s original campus, consideration should be made for returning the building to a higher state of integrity. For example, though not affecting the structural performance of the building, the 1960-era entrance porch on the north side of the building is non-significant. Removal of the feature would enhance the historic association with the Lighter than Air period.

The original multi-lite sash windows are intact, but are shielded by storm windows. The storms mask the depth and profile of the muntins and create a non-historic appearance. It is recommended that interior storms be used instead.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete

Figure 1. East elevation, looking southwest.

http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/briefs/brief09.htm

Figure 2. East elevation raised foundation/water table showing central crack below center window. A similar crack is found in the corresponding location on the West elevation. Central crack in raised foundation on the West elevation, center window.

Figure 3. East parapet showing severe erosion of mortar joints, diagonal separation, and inappropriate past repairs to brick joints using a mortar of inappropriate composition, strength, and color.

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Figure 4. Cast stone lintel on East elevation window showing rust jacking at iron component.

Figure 5. The dark staining indicates water leaching through the parapet coping.

Figure 6. A brick protruding from the building plane may provide a path for water to access interior walls.

Figure 7. Southwest building corner, parapet detail, showing advanced erosion of mortar and dislodged brick.

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Figure 8. West parapet and flashing, with considerable erosion of brick and mortar, as well as later mortar repairs which have failed.

Figure 9. East parapet with similar damage, and evidence of failed repairs.

BUILDING 8

HISTORIC – POST EXCHANGE (1939)

CURRENT – TERMINAL

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Rectangular footprint

• Side gable with cross gables at ends

• Center loggia with square columns

• Cornice moldings with cornice returns

• Arched window openings with contrasting keystones and spring arches

• Flat arch window headers of soldier bricks

• Oblong oculus windows in upper gables

• Corbelled brick quoins at corners

• Smooth red brick walls and original mortar joints with heavy aggregate

• Remaining original four-over-four lite sashes on west elevation

No urgent matters were observed. Masonry and mortar joints appear mostly sound, however, some staining of window sills and efflorescence on brick may be an indication of water access.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The building presents good exterior integrity, however, many of the window and door openings have been replaced with inappropriate units. Prominent arched window openings on the South (main) and East/West elevations have been in-filled with wood and stucco and/or three-part windows. Consideration should be made for installing historically appropriate windows back into these openings, as well replacing non-appropriate replacement doors. Remaining original window sashes should be repaired and preserved.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete

Figure 1. Front elevation, looking southwest

Figure 2. West elevation showing loss of original windows in arched openings and replacement with inappropriate three-part units.

BUILDING 21

HISTORIC – RED CROSS OPERATIONS (1942)

CURRENT – RED CROSS OPERATIONS

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Rectangular footprint with symmetrical design

• Gabled portico entrance with square columns/capitals and oculus in gable

• Multi-lite sash windows

• Red brick with slightly recessed mortar joints

Urgent include both degradation of wood surfaces and bricks. There are numerous windows that display flaking paint down to the wood, with the potential of ultra violet damage and dry rot. The capitol bases exhibit damage/holes that should be repaired. In addition, there are examples of biological intrusion (bird’s nests) in window sills, for example. The presence of bird activity promotes droppings which can be acidic and corrosive to surfaces, especially to brick.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The building presents good exterior integrity, but clearly lacks a regular program of maintenance and repair. Many of the factors leading to deterioration can be corrected with a regular cycle of inspection and maintenance. On the rear elevation the in-fill of the upper story windows in the gable has caused some loss of integrity, though this is not a principle façade.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Figure 1. Front elevation portico.

Figure 2. Rear elevation, looking northwest.

Figure 3. Entrance column showing damage and likely animal access.

Figure 4. Second-story window. Bird nests attract moisture and deposit acids which are damaging to brick surfaces.

Figure 5. Brick window sill shows efflorescence, and possible moisture staining.

Figure 6. Improper window seal, allowing air infiltration and water access.

BUILDING 22

HISTORIC – GARAGE (1942)

CURRENT – GARAGE

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Rectangular footprint with gabled roof

• Red brick with flush mortar joints with heavy aggregate

• Garage entrances on East; three windows on West

• Nine-lite original wood windows on North/South/West elevations

Urgent issues include both degradation of wood surfaces and brick. Window show a lack of maintenance and flaking paint down to the wood. A West side window sill displays dry rot at the corner, with an improper patch. The steel window lintels in several places have lost mortar, which is allowing a path for water.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The building presents good exterior integrity, but clearly lacks a regular program of maintenance and repair. Many of the factors leading to deterioration can be corrected with a regular cycle of inspection and maintenance.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Figure 1. Rear elevation, looking southeast.

Figure 2. and 3. West side sill with past dry rot damage and improper repair with differential expansion that continues to allow water penetration. At right, mortar above the steel window lintel lacks mortar, which may be allowing water access.

BUILDING 40NWE

HISTORIC – BARRACKS (1931-40)

PRESENT – HEADQUARTERS, MAJOR COMMAND

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Gabled and hipped roofs; hipped roof dormer windows

• Slate shingle roofing

• Red brick with recessed mortar joints with heavy aggregate

• Classical details – cornices, porticos, columns, balustrade

• Multi-lite/paneled doors

• Six-over-six-lite sash windows with three-lite transoms

• Jack arch lintels; concrete lug sills

• Raised foundation/water table

Urgent matters are mostly related to mortar joints, which around downspouts, especially, have eroded. The steel window lintels above several units have lost mortar, which is allowing a path for water. Concrete details show water staining in places. These areas should be cleaned gently.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The building presents good exterior integrity, but clearly lacks a regular program of maintenance and repair. Many of the factors leading to deterioration can be corrected with a regular cycle of inspection and maintenance.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Figure 1. East elevation, built 1931.

Figure 2. Entablature shows some water/moisture staining. Vertical mortar repairs are too wide and likely used an incompatible mortar.

Figure 3. The six-over-six sash windows with transoms are strong character defining features. Mortar joins are slightly recessed, which creates shadowing and depth.

Figure 4. Brick mortar has been pushed out by steel window lintel.

Figure 5. Brick mortar around down spout has eroded; and some brick have spalled.

Figure 6. South elevation. Example of inappropriate brick repair.

Damaged or stained units have been painted in a color lighter than the original brick.

Figure 7. Planting bed, trees, and foundation plantings at East elevation. The use of contemporary landscape materials such as concrete masonry units is not in keeping with the historic period.

Figure 8. West elevation entrance portico. The staining below the balustrade may indicate water pooling on the roof.

BUILDING 42

HISTORIC – BATH HOUSE (1944)

PRESENT – SWIMMER’S BATH HOUSE

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Symmetrical rectangular plan; one story

• Flat roof with deep soffits

• Horizontal wood siding

• Louvered ventilation openings beneath soffit

• Paired entrance doors with panels and multi lite windows and transom

The building has a high degree of architectural integrity and presents no urgent preservation issues.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The building would benefit from a regular program of maintenance and repair. The wood is flaking slightly and paint is missing in some areas. Scraping and repainting is essential protect wood and prevent water and ultraviolet damage.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Figure 1. Front and West elevations.

Figure 2. and 3. Front/North entrance elevation. The strong horizontality, deep soffits, louvered ventilation band and multi-lite doors with panels and transom are strong character defining features of mid-twentieth century design.

BUILDING 43

HISTORIC – BASE FIRE STATION (1939)

PRESENT – ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE, NON-AF

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Gabled and hipped roofs; hipped roof dormer windows

• Red brick with recessed mortar joints; brick quoins

• Six-over-six-lite sash windows

• Jack arch lintels; concrete lug sills

• Segmentally arched vehicle door openings

• Raised foundation

Urgent matters are mostly related to mortar joints, which around downspouts, especially, have eroded.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The building presents good exterior integrity, however, the former vehicle doors have been in-filled with multi-lite units that have changed the historical functional character of the building.

The building should be inspected on a regular basis and subject to a cyclical maintenance plan.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Figure 1. Front/southeast elevation with contemporary multi-lite windows in place of former vehicle doors. Keystones, gable oculus window, and cast stone cornice details are character defining features.

Figure 2. The cast stone cornice has been painted, an inappropriate treatment for concrete/stone materials. Many windows have been changed out with contemporary units that lack the muntin depth and character of the originals.

BUILDING 50

HISTORIC – BOWLING ALLEY (1943)

PRESENT – BASE PERSONNEL OFFICE

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Rectangular footprint/plan

• Brick veneer with slightly recessed mortar joints

• Gambrel roof with strong cornices

• Multi-lite paired window sashes with transoms

• Brick window sills

Critical issues are mostly related to flaking and peeling paint on wood surfaces, and improper use of mortar for joint repairs. Because the repaired mortar joints used a mortar of incompatible composition, color, and execution, these areas should be carefully excavated and re-pointed with appropriate mortar.

Secondary Preservation Issues

There are few secondary issues. The rear elevation has an addition at the south end of the building has a brick veneer of a contrasting color and different bond. Contemporary metal doors are not compatible with the historic character of the building.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Figure 1. Looking northeast.

Figure 2. Rear elevation, looking northwest. Addition at left.

Figure 3. Wood cornices and other wood details should be scraped and painted.

Crude mortar repairs using cementitious mortar of an incompatible composition, color, and width are visually intrusive.

Figure 4. Further use of inappropriate mortar executed in a crude manner.

Note also the awkward placement of stretcher bricks on the header course (6th brick row from bottom.)

BUILDING 52

HISTORIC – WING HEADQUARTERS COMMAND (1939)

PRESENT – HEADQUARTERS GROUP

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Rectangular footprint/plan

• Gabled roof with slate shingle cladding

• Classical cornice and cornice returns at gable ends

• Raised concrete foundation

• Six-over-six sash windows

• Jack arch window headers and concrete lug sills

• Rectangular louver vents in gable ends

• Red brick veneer with slightly recessed mortar joints

• Rough aggregate in concrete material

Urgent Preservation Issues

A critical issue demanding immediate attention is the sagging of steel window lintels, which have pulled away from overlying brick arch, mainly on the north elevation. Mortar is missing in these areas and allows an access point for water. A structural examination to determine cause is suggested. Either the steel lintel is failing/sagging, or the window units are not appropriately sized to fill the opening and do not push sufficiently upward on the lintel.

The west end of the building appears to be bowing outward in the upper gable. An interior engineering inspection should be conducted to evaluate whether the second story ceiling connection may be failing, or other cause.

The cornice exhibits peeling and lost paint, and should be scraped and repainted to prevent further harm from water exposure.

Secondary Preservation Issues

Other issues of concern are primarily visual, but are not causing harm to the building’s structural integrity. For example, the west raised foundation has been inappropriately patched with a concrete of the wrong color, composition, and aggregate. The poorly executed repairs are jarring and inharmonious.

Some lower level windows have been replaced with inappropriate black, one-over-one metal sliding units. These are highly obtrusive with the rest of the building’s six-over-six window configuration.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Figure 1. South elevation.

Figure 2. North window lintel. The steel lintel has bowed away from the brick, creating a large pathway for water, and eroded mortar.

Figure 3. Wood cornice exhibits peeling/flaking paint.

Figure 4. North elevation. Example of poor mortar repair using an incompatible mortar type, strength, and color.

Figures 5. And 6. The west end of the building displays bowing in the upper gable, as well as diagonal cracks that are relatively new.

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Figure 7. Sharp edges and breakage displayed on this brick indicate current stress or water penetration.

Figure 8. Gabled end cornices exhibit flanking paint.

BUILDINGS 54, 56, 57, 60

HISTORIC – AUTO MAINTENANCE SHOPS (1939); COMMISSARY (1939); WAREHOUSE AND

STORAGE FACILITY (1939); BUILDING 60 BASE WAREHOUSE (1940)

PRESENT – BE STORAGE CV FACILITY; BE MAINTENANCE SHOP

Character Defining Features to Protect

• Rectangular footprint/plan

• Gabled roofs with raised parapets and concrete copings at gable ends

• Brick veneer with slightly recessed mortar joints; brick quoins at corners

• Circular and rectangular louver vents in gable ends

• Concrete cornices, wide concrete window and door lintels

• Raised concrete foundations with loading docks

• Steel industrial multi-lite windows; steel rolling vehicle doors

• Multi-lite sash windows with hoppers

• Rough aggregate in concrete material

Urgent Preservation Issues

Serious erosion of the concrete loading docks due to iron rust jacking of reinforcement rods has caused consideration damage, both structurally and visually. Water access should be identified and concrete repairs made using a concrete composition identical to the original of the same rough aggregate content. Bracketed air conditioning units have caused additional moisture damage and discoloration to underlying brick.

The west gabled end of Building 60 exhibits cracking of one of the concrete lintels, as well as some bowing out of the overlying brick veneer. A structural examination should determine whether interior structural components are failing, or if water is penetrating downward from the behind the parapet.

Secondary Preservation Issues

Other issues of concern are primarily visual, but are not causing harm to the building’s structural integrity. For example, some original multi-lite window units have been replaced with inappropriate contemporary metal units. Some window and vehicle openings have been paneled over, causing further loss of historic character. Many cornice areas show water staining, possibly due to leaking or unrepaired gutters. Gutters should be inspected, repaired and cleaned, and concrete surfaces brush with water.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Specification: UFGS-04900 – Restoration and Cleaning of Masonry in Historic Structures

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Figure 1. Building 54, southwest vehicle doors.

Figure 2. Building 54, detail of above. Door lintel is failing. Eroded brick mortar suggests that water migration is occurring higher up, possible in the parapet, and travelling down to the lintel.

Figure 3. Building 54, showing original multi-lite steel windows, and inappropriate panel infill at right. Heavy concrete aggregate raised foundation.

Figure 4. Building 54, south elevation, looking northeast.

Figure 5. Building 56, looking southeast. Cyclical cleaning is needed to remove staining from brick surfaces and concrete foundations.

Figure 6. Building 57. East elevations. The connected gabled volumes with raised parapet and stepped corners are character defining features.

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Figure 7. Building 57. Badly eroded concrete surfaces caused by water migrating down and rusting reinforcement rods. Rust development has “jacked” materials outward and spalled surfaces. Air conditioning unit condensation has attracted mold growth and staining.

Figure 8. Building 60. Staining on brick due to oxidization. Gutters and downspouts should be inspects for leaks, cracks, or debris build up.

BUILDING 65

HISTORIC – GARAGE (1940)

PRESENT – GARAGE

• Rectangular footprint/plan

• Gabled roof with slate shingle cladding

• Cornices

• Six-over-six sash windows with brick sills

• Four vehicle door openings

• Red brick veneer with slightly recessed mortar joints

Urgent Preservation Issues

No serious issues requiring immediate attention were observed. However, some slate shingles appear to have lifted and should be inspected and re-fitted to prevent water access.

Secondary Preservation Issues

Issues of concern are primarily visual, but are not causing harm to the building’s structural integrity. For example, brick repairs beneath window sills and in other areas are inappropriate. Damaged or stained brick has been painted a lighter homogenous color which detracts from the varied coloring of the brick.

Painting brick seals the surface, prevents drying, and can trap water. Paint should be removed and bricks cleaned with a brush.

At the north gabled end, a smoking stand has caused cigarette fumes to discolor the brick. The stand should be moved away from the building.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Figure 1. West vehicle bays, looking northeast.

Figure 2. East and south elevations.

Figure 3. East window. Note some bricks have been painted. Painting brick to mask stains is inappropriate as it can trap water and prevent drying.

Figure 4. Raised slate units should be repaired to prevent water access.

Figure 5. Stained bricks have been painted over.

The smoking stand should be moved away from the building to prevent staining and chemical residue.

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BUILDING 150

HISTORIC – BACHELOR OFFICER’S QUARTERS (1940)

PRESENT – VISITING OFFICER’S QUARTERS

• Original footprint/plan

• Red brick veneer with slightly recessed joints

• Rusticated basement with concrete water table

• Hipped roofs with cross gables

• Strong classical elements – cornices, cornice returns, portico with square columns, dentiled moldings, multi-lite/paneled entrance door with site lites and fan lite

• Six-over-six, and twelve-over-twelve sash windows with concrete sills

• Fan light louver vent in gable ends

• Four vehicle door openings

Urgent Preservation Issues

No serious issues requiring immediate attention were observed.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The building has a high degree of integrity and few visual intrusions. On the northwest side of the front elevation a former opening has been bricked in with brick of a lighter color.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Figure 1. East elevation. The building’s rusticated base, classical cornices with returns, fan lights, and keystone details are strong character defining traits.

Figure 2. South elevation. Example of an inappropriate brick in-fill.

Figure 3. The north entrance has some of the most significant classical details, including square columns, dentil cornice, and multi-lite paneled door with side lites and segmental fan lite.

BUILDING 155

HISTORIC – BATHHOUSE AND GARAGE (1940)

PRESENT – VEHICLE OPERATIONS PARKING SHED

• Original footprint/plan

• Brick veneer with slightly recessed joints

• Gabled roofs with minimal cornice/fascia

• Six-over-six, and twelve-over-twelve sash windows without sills

• Multi-lite and paneled single leaf doors

Urgent Preservation Issues

No serious issues requiring immediate attention were observed.

Secondary Preservation Issues

The building has a high degree of integrity and few visual intrusions.

Applicable Standards and Guidelines

Preservation Brief 2: Re-pointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Figure 1. West gabled end, looking southeast.

3. MATRIX OF TREATMENT NEEDS

The matrix below denotes urgent preservation issues that should be addressed as soon as possible.

Values are assigned as follows:

x = Necessary for long term preservation xx = Deterioration with some loss of historic materials/features xxx = Severe deterioration poses a danger to historic and architectural integrity

BUILDING Masonry Wood Foundation Window Roofing/ Units Parapet

3 xx 4 x 5 x x 6 x x 7 xxx x x 21 xx xx xx 22 xx x 40 xx 42 x 43 x 50 xx x 52 xxx xx x 54 xx 56 xx 57 xxx x 60 xxx 65 xx x

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