UFC_3-260-01.pdf

UFC 3-260-01

17 NOVEMBER 2008

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT PLANNING

AND DESIGN

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT PLANNING AND DESIGN

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY (Preparing Activity)

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

This UFC supersedes UFC 3-260-01, dated 1 November 2001.

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA).

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

JAMES C. DALTON, P.E.

Chief, Engineering and Construction U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

JOSEPH E. GOTT, P.E.

Chief Engineer Naval Facilities Engineering Command

PAUL A. PARKER

The Deputy Civil Engineer DCS/Installations & Logistics Department of the Air Force

MICHAEL McANDREW Director, Facility Investment and Management Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/ufc_implementation.pdf http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4 http://dod.wbdg.org/

REVISION SUMMARY SHEET

Document: UFC 3-260-01 Superseding: UFC 3-260-01, dated 1 November 2001

Description of Changes: This update to UFC 3-260-01:

Updates and adds references to associated design manuals and publications with related standards and criteria Clarifies: the application of criteria to airfields and facilities constructed under previous standards;

the aircraft wheel load design requirements for drainage structures in shoulder areas and the graded area of clear zones; pavement types and surface smoothness criteria near arresting system cables; information on limited use helipads

Adds: a requirement to file FAA Form 7460-2 for project completion; a requirement for USAF activities to develop a construction phasing plan for all projects; new aircraft mission-design series to runway classification by aircraft type; new Air Force aircraft arresting systems; information on siting criteria for fire hydrants when required adjacent to aprons; an allowance for service roads controlled by ATC within the graded area of clear zone; specific wheel load requirements for the paved portion of runway overruns and shoulder areas; Service-specific AICUZ guidelines; a new Navy and Marine Corps requirement for transverse slope requirements near aircraft arresting system cables; criteria for runway and taxiway intersection fillets; new tables and figures;

information on Navy/Marine Corps exemptions from waivers

Revises criteria for: longitudinal grades of runway and shoulders; transverse grade of runway, paved shoulder, unpaved shoulder, and area to be graded; runway lateral clearance zones;

mandatory frangibility zone; rate of longitudinal grade change per 30 meters for fixed-wing taxiways; grade of area between taxiway shoulder and taxiway clearance line on fixed-wing taxiways; taxiway intersections; paved shoulders on USAF runways with a paved surface wider than the minimum needed for the mission; fixed-wing aprons; warm-up pads; siting warm-up pads, other aprons, hot cargo spots, and taxiways to these facilities; siting access roads and parking areas for access roads; siting compass calibration pads; siting of hazardous cargo pads; hangar access aprons; landing zones; rotary-wing landing lanes; aircraft clearances inside hangars; waiver processing procedures; compatible use zones; jet blast requirements and blast resistant pavement;

Air Force tie-downs and static ground; Air Force airfield support facilities; airfield construction projects; establishing the building restriction line at USAF bases

Revises: Navy/Marine Corps aircraft dimensions

Reasons for Changes:

Response to AFSAS Mishap ID 305221, F-15C, Class A, Landing Mishap, Final Evaluation, 20020903FTFA315A, Recommendations 3 & 4 Response to HQ ACC/A7OI request that grade allowances be aligned with FAA criteria Response to COE recommendations based on current construction techniques Response to C-32A Class A Mishap, 20060601, Recommendation 7 Response to NAVFAC ECO recommendations Response to AFSAS mishap ID 305955, F-15E, Class C, 05022003001C, Recommendation 5.1 Improvement to readability of figures and addition of information via new tables and figures

Impact: There are negligible cost impacts; however, these benefits should be realized:

Increased aircraft safety during runway construction projects Reduced costs for providing paved shoulders on runways wider than 46 meters Reduced costs for grading runway shoulders Improved waiver processing guidelines

Non-Unification Issues: Due to differences in mission, aircraft, tactics, mishap potential and mishap rates for specific aircraft, not all criteria within this UFC are unified. The primary elements of criteria that are not unified are clear zone and accident potential zone (APZ) shapes and sizes, separation distances between runways and taxiways, and size and implementation dates for certain protected air space elements. Maintaining these differences allows the Services to avoid costs associated with non-mission-driven changes in airfield configuration and mapping, and acquisition of real property or avigation easements.

Planning: The processes vary among the Services due to differing organizational structures and are delineated in separate Service-specific directives.

Clear zone and APZ shapes and sizes: These areas are different for each Service and class of runway because they are based on the types of aircraft that use the runways and Service-specific accident potential.

Distances between fixed and rotary wing runways: The distance is greater for Air Force and Navy/Marine Corps runways due to the frequency of operations by high-performance aircraft.

Increased width of landing lanes for Navy/Marine Corps: The width is increased to prevent rotor wash damage to landing lane shoulders and subsequent potential foreign object damage (FOD) from large rotary wing aircraft.

Lesser width of Class A taxiways on Navy/Marine Corps: No new Navy/Marine Corps Class A facilities have been constructed since World War II. The Navy will unify their criteria but must defer until the next UFC update to allow for a thorough evaluation.

No Navy/Marine Corps requirement for paved shoulders on Class A taxiways: Same rationale as for the width of Class A taxiways above.

Reduced site distance for Air Force taxiways: Enables the Army and Navy/Marine Corps to operate with uncontrolled taxiways.

Increased clearance from taxiway centerlines to fixed or mobile obstacles: The Air Force routinely operates C-5 aircraft on all Air Force airfields. Use of the reduced clearances slows taxi speeds and hinders expedient operations.

Reduced distance between taxiway and parallel taxiway centerlines on Army airfields: The Army does not routinely simultaneously operate numerous wide-body aircraft on a single airfield.

Different Air Force and Navy/Marine Corps intersection geometry: The differences are in the methods for widening the pavement prior to intersections.

Tow way width differences: The Navy/Marine Corps base tow way width on three general aircraft types; the Air Force and Army base tow way width on mission aircraft.

Clearance from tow way centerline to fixed or mobile obstacles: The Navy/Marine Corps require distance be based on tow way type; the Air Force and Army require clearance be based on mission aircraft.

Vertical clearance from tow way pavement surface to fixed or mobile obstacles: The Navy/Marine Corps require distance be based on tow way type; the Air Force and Army require clearance be based on mission aircraft.

Differences in apron spacing for parking aircraft: The Navy/Marine Corps apron spacing requirements are developed for each aircraft in the inventory. Air Force and Army requirements are based on aircraft wingspan.

Differences in Air Force and Army apron clearance distance: The Army requires a 38-meter (125-foot) clearance distance for all Class B aircraft aprons. This distance is sufficient to accommodate C-5 aircraft. The Air Force formerly used the same criteria but recently began basing the required distance on the most demanding aircraft that uses the apron. This is because all aprons will not accommodate C-5 aircraft.

Differences in apron layout for rotary wing aircraft: Formerly, Air Force and Army rotary wing criteria were slightly different. The Air Force has adopted Army rotary wing criteria as optional and will standardize these criteria in the next revision of AFH 32-1084, Facility Requirements.

i

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1-1 PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL

1-2 SCOPE

1-2.1 Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) 1-2.2 Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace 1-2.3 Navigational Aids (NAVAIDS) and Lighting 1-2.4 Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) Aircraft

(V-22)

1-3 REFERENCES

1-4 APPLICATION OF CRITERIA

1-4.1 Existing Facilities 1-4.2 Modification of Existing Facilities 1-4.3 New Construction 1-4.4 Metric Application 1-4.5 Military Activities on Civil Owned Airfields 1-4.6 USAFE Installations

1-5 SERVICE REQUIREMENTS

1-6 THEATER OF OPERATIONS

1-7 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR DESIGN

1-7.1 Integration of Security Measures 1-7.2 Security-Related Requirements

1-8 WAIVERS TO CRITERIA

1-9 USAF WORK ORDER COORDINATION AND AUTHORIZATION

1-10 NEW RUNWAYS, EXTENDING EXISTING RUNWAYS, AND

NOTICE OF CONSTRUCTION

1-11 CONSTRUCTION PHASING PLAN

1-12 ZONING

1-13 ASSOCIATED DESIGN MANUALS

1-14 USE OF TERMS

CHAPTER 2: AVIATION FACILITIES PLANNING

2-1 APPLICABILITY

2-1.1 Manual Usage 2-1.2 Terms 2-1.3 Planning Process 2-1.4 Planning Elements 2-1.5 Guidance 2-1.6 Additional Planning Factors 2-1.7 Space Allowances

2-2 JUSTIFICATION

2-2.1 Aviation Facilties Planning 2-2.2 Number of Aircraft 2-2.3 Joint Use Facilities ii

2-3 GENERAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

2-3.1 Goals and Objectives 2-3.2 Functional Proponent 2-3.3 Requirements 2-3.4 Safety 2-3.5 Design Aircraft 2-3.6 Airspace and Land Area

2-4 PLANNING STUDIES

2-4.1 Master Plan 2-4.2 Land Use Studies 2-4.3 Environmental Studies 2-4.4 Aircraft Noise Studies 2-4.5 Instrumented Runway Studies

2-5 SITING AVIATION FACILITIES

2-5.1 Location 2-5.2 Site Selection 2-5.3 Airspace Approval 2-5.4 Airfield Safety Clearances

2-6 AIRSIDE AND LANDSIDE FACILITIES

2-7 LANDING AND TAKEOFF AREA

2-7.1 Runways and Helipads 2-7.2 Number of Runways 2-7.3 Number of Helipads 2-7.4 Runway Location 2-7.5 Runway and Helipad Separation 2-7.6 Runway Instrumentation

2-8 AIRCRAFT GROUND MOVEMENT AND PARKING AREAS

2-8.1 Taxiways 2-8.2 Aircraft Parking Aprons

2-9 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AREA (OTHER THAN PAVEMENTS)

2-9.1 Aircraft Maintenance Facilities 2-9.2 Aviation Maintenance Buildings (Air Force and Navy) 2-9.3 Aviation Maintenance Buildings (Army) 2-9.4 Maintenance Aprons 2-9.5 Apron Lighting 2-9.6 Security

2-10 AVIATION OPERATIONS SUPPORT AREA

2-10.1 Aviation Operations Support Facilities 2-10.2 Location 2-10.3 Orientation of Facilities 2-10.4 Multiple Supporting Facilities 2-10.5 Transient Facilities 2-10.6 Other Support Facilities 2-10.7 Aircraft Fuel Storage and Dispensing 2-10.8 Roadways to Support Airfield Activities 2-10.9 Navy/Marine Corps Exemptions from Waivers iii

CHAPTER 3: RUNWAYS (FIXED-WING) AND IMAGINARY SURFACES

3-1 CONTENTS

3-2 REQUIREMENTS

3-3 RUNWAY CLASSIFICATION

3-3.1 Class A Runways 3-3.2 Class B Runways 3-3.3 Rotary-Wing and V/STOL Aircraft 3-3.4 Landing Zones

3-4 RUNWAY SYSTEMS

3-4.1 Single Runway 3-4.2 Parallel Runways 3-4.3 Crosswind Runways

3-5 RUNWAY ORIENTATION/WIND DATA

3-6 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RUNWAY ORIENTATION

3-6.1 Obstructions 3-6.2 Restricted Airspace 3-6.3 Built-Up Areas 3-6.4 Neighboring Airports 3-6.5 Topography 3-6.6 Soil Conditions 3-6.7 Noise Analysis

3-7 RUNWAY DESIGNATION

3-8 RUNWAY DIMENSIONS

3-8.1 Runway Dimension Criteria, Except Runway Length 3-8.2 Runway Length Criteria 3-8.3 Layout

3-9 SHOULDERS

3-9.1 Paved Shoulder Areas 3-9.2 Unpaved Shoulder Areas

3-10 RUNWAY OVERRUNS

3-10.1 The Paved Portion of the Overrun 3-10.2 The Unpaved Portion of the Overrun

3-11 RUNWAY CLEAR ZONES

3-11.1 Treatment of Clear Zones 3-11.2 Clear Zone Mandatory Frangibility Zone (MFZ) 3-11.3 US Navy Clear Zones

3-12 ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONES (APZ)

3-13 AIRSPACE IMAGINARY SURFACES

3-13.1 Types of Airspace Imaginary Surfaces 3-13.2 Imaginary Surfaces

3-14 AIRSPACE FOR AIRFIELDS WITH TWO OR MORE RUNWAYS

3-15 OBSTRUCTIONS TO AIR NAVIGATION

3-15.1 Aircraft Movement Area 3-15.2 Determining Obstructions 3-15.3 Trees

3-16 AIRCRAFT ARRESTING SYSTEMS

3-16.1 Navy and Marine Corps Requirements iv

3-16.2 Installation Design and Repair Considerations 3-16.3 Joint-Use Airfields 3-16.4 Military Rights Agreements for Non-CONUS Locations

CHAPTER 4: ROTARY-WING RUNWAYS, HELIPADS, LANDING LANES,

AND HOVERPOINTS

4-1 CONTENTS

4-2 LANDING AND TAKEOFF LAYOUT REQUIREMENTS

4-3 ROTARY-WING RUNWAY

4-3.1 Orientation and Designation 4-3.2 Dimensions 4-3.3 Layout

4-4 HELIPADS

4-4.1 Standard VFR Helipad 4-4.2 Limited Use Helipad 4-4.3 IFR Helipad 4-4.4 Helipad Location 4-4.5 Dimensional Criteria 4-4.6 Layout Criteria

4-5 SAME DIRECTION INGRESS/EGRESS

4-5.1 Dimensions Criteria 4-5.2 Layout Criteria

4-6 HOVERPOINTS

4-6.1 General 4-6.2 Hoverpoint Location 4-6.3 Dimensions 4-6.4 Layout

4-7 ROTARY-WING LANDING LANES

4-7.1 Requirements for a Landing Lane 4-7.2 Landing Lane Location 4-7.3 Touchdown Points 4-7.4 Dimensions 4-7.5 Layout

4-8 AIR FORCE HELICOPTER SLIDE AREAS (OR

4-9 SHOULDERS FOR ROTARY-WING FACILITIES

4-10 OVERRUNS FOR ROTARY-WING RUNWAYS AND LANDING

LANES

4-11 CLEAR ZONE AND ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE (APZ)

4-11.1 Clear Zone Land Use 4-11.2 Accident Potential Zone (APZ) 4-11.3 Dimensions

4-12 IMAGINARY SURFACES FOR ROTARY-WING RUNWAYS,

HELIPADS, LANDING LANES, AND HOVERPOINTS

4-13 OBSTRUCTIONS AND AIRFIELD AIRSPACE CRITERIA

v

CHAPTER 5: TAXIWAYS

5-1 CONTENTS

5-2 TAXIWAY REQUIREMENTS

5-2 TAXIWAY SYSTEMS

5-3.1 Basic 5-3.2 Parallel Taxiway 5-3.3 High-Speed Taxiway Turnoff 5-3.4 Additional Types of Taxiways 5-3.5 Taxilanes 5-3.6 USAF Taxitraks

5-4 TAXIWAY LAYOUT

5-4.1 Efficiency 5-4.2 Direct Access 5-4.3 Simple Taxiing Routes 5-4.4 Delay Prevention 5-4.5 Runway Exit Criteria 5-4.6 Taxiway Designation

5-5 FIXED-WING TAXIWAY DIMENSIONS

5-5.1 Criteria 5-5.2 Transverse Cross-Section

5-6 ROTARY-WING TAXIWAY DIMENSIONS

5-7 TAXIWAYS AT DUAL USE (FIXED- AND ROTARY-WING)

AIRFIELDS

5-7.1 Criteria 5-7.2 Taxiway Shoulders

5-8 TAXIWAY INTERSECTION CRITERIA

5-8.1 Fillet-Only Dimensions 5-8.2 Fillet and Lead-in to Fillet Dimensions

5-9 HIGH-SPEED RUNWAY EXITS

5-10 APRON ACCESS TAXIWAYS

5-10.1 Parking Aprons 5-10.2 Fighter Aircraft Aprons

5-11 SHOULDERS

5-11.1 Fixed-Wing Taxiways 5-11.2 Rotary-Wing Taxiways

5-12 TOWWAYS

5-12.1 Dimensions 5-12.2 Layout 5-12.3 Existing Roadways

5-13 HANGAR ACCESS

CHAPTER 6: APRONS AND OTHER PAVEMENTS

6-1 CONTENTS

6-2 APRON REQUIREMENTS

6-3 TYPES OF APRONS AND OTHER PAVEMENTS

6-4 AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS

vi

6-5 PARKING APRON FOR FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT

6-5.1 Location 6-5.2 Size 6-5.3 Army Parking Apron Layout 6-5.4 Air Force Parking Apron Layout 6-5.5 Layout for Combined Army and Air Force Parking Aprons 6-5.6 Tactical/Fighter Parking Apron Layout 6-5.7 Refueling Considerations 6-5.8 Parking Dimensions

6-6 TAXIING CHARACTERISTICS ON APRONS FOR FIXED-WING

AIRCRAFT

6-6.1 Apron Taxilanes 6-6.2 Turning Capabilities (Aircraft Turning and Maneuvering

Characteristics 6-6.3 Departure Sequencing 6-6.4 Minimum Standoff Distances from Edge Pavements

6-7 PARKING APRON FOR ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT

6-7.1 Location 6-7.2 Apron Size 6-7.3 Maneuverability 6-7.4 Army Parking Apron Layout 6-7.5 Air Force Parking Apron Layout 6-7.6 Refueling Considerations 6-7.7 Parking Dimensions

6-8 WARM-UP PADS

6-8.1 Navy and Marine Corps 6-8.2 Location 6-8.3 Siting Considerations 6-8.4 Warm-Up Pad Size 6-8.5 Taxi-In/Taxi-Out Capabilities 6-8.6 Parking Angle 6-8.7 Turning Radius 6-8.8 Taxilanes on Warm-Up Pads 6-8.9 Tie-Downs and Grounding Points

6-9 POWER CHECK PAD

6-9.1 Location and Siting Considerations 6-9.2 Unsuppressed Power Check Pad Layout 6-9.3 Access Taxiway/Towway 6-9.4 Grading 6-9.5 Thrust Anchors/Mooring Points 6-9.6 Anchor Blocks 6-9.7 Power Check Pad Facilities 6-9.8 Noise Considerations

6-10 ARM/DISARM PADS

6-10.1 Navy and Marine Corps Requirements 6-10.2 Location 6-10.3 Siting Considerations vii

6-10.4 Arm/Disarm Pad Size 6-10.5 Taxi-In/Taxi-Out Capabilities 6-10.6 Parking Angle 6-10.7 Turning Radius 6-10.8 Access Road 6-10.9 Tie-downs and Grounding Points 6-10.10 Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards

6-11 COMPASS CALIBRATION PAD

6-11.1 Air Force 6-11.2 Navy and Marine Corps 6-11.3 Locatoin 6-11.4 Siting Considerations 6-11.5 Compass Calibration Pad (CCP) Size 6-11.6 Access Taxiway/Towway 6-11.7 Grading 6-11.8 Tie-Down/Mooring Points 6-11.9 Embedded Material 6-11.10 Control Points

6-12 HAZARDOUS CARGO PADS

6-12.1 Navy and Marine Corps Requirements 6-12.2 Siting Criteria 6-12.3 Hazardous Cargo Pad Size 6-12.4 Access Taxiway 6-12.5 Tie-Down and Grounding Points 6-12.6 Miscellaneous Considerations

6-13 ALERT PAD

6-13.1 Navy and Marine Corps Requirements 6-13.2 Location 6-13.3 Siting Criteria 6-13.4 Alert Pad Size 6-13.5 Design Aircraft 6-13.6 Alert Aircraft Parking Arrangements 6-13.7 Jet Blast Distance Requirements 6-13.8 Taxi-In/Taxi-Out Capabilities 6-13.9 Turning Radius 6-13.1 Dedicated Access Taxiway 6-13.11 Tie-Down and Grounding Points

6-14 AIRCRAFT WASH RACKS

6-14.1 Location 6-14.2 Wash Rack Size 6-14.3 Wash Rack Facilities 6-14.4 Wash Rack Grading 6-14.5 Tie-Down and Grounding Points 6-14.6 Concrete Curbs 6-14.7 Service Points 6-14.8 Wastewater Collection 6-14.9 Wastewater Treatment viii

6-14.10 Utilities Control Building 6-14.11 Utilities

6-15 HANGAR ACCESS APRONS

6-15.1 Dimensions 6-15.2 Grades for Aircraft Fueling Ramps 6-15.3 Grades for Aircraft Access into Hangars

6-16 TAXIING CHARACTERISTICS ON APRONS FOR ROTARY-WING

AIRCRAFT

6-16.1 Hoverlane/Taxilane Width at Army Facilities 6-16.2 Hoverlane/Taxilane Width at Air Force Facilities

6-17 FIXED-WING AND ROTARY-WING GRADING STANDARDS

6-17.1 Fixed-Wing Aircraft 6-17.2 Rotary-Wing Aircraft 6-17.3 Grades for Aircraft Fueling Ramps

6-18 SHOULDERS

6-18.1 Paved Shoulder Areas 6-18.2 Unpaved Shoulder Areas

6-19 MISCELLANEOUS APRON DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

6-19.1 Jet Blast Deflectors 6-19.2 Line Vehicle Parking 6-19.3 Utilities

6-20 CV-22 APRON CLEARANCES

6-21 US NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AIRCRAFT BLOCK

DIMENSIONS

CHAPTER 7: LANDING ZONES FOR C-130 AND C-17

7-1 GENERAL INFORMATION

7-1.1 Differences in Service Criteria 7-1.2 Differences in Service Criteria

7-2 DEFINITIONS

7-2.1 Accident Potential Zone-Landing Zone (APZ-LZ) 7-2.2 Clear Zone-LZ 7-2.3 Contingency Operations 7-2.4 Exclusion Area 7-2.5 Graded Area 7-2.6 Imaginary Surfaces-LZ 7-2.7 Infield Area 7-2.8 Landing Zone (LZ) 7-2.9 Maintained Area 7-2.10 Parking Maximum on Ground (MOG) 7-2.11 Paved Landing Zone (LZ) 7-2.12 Primary Surface 7-2.13 Runway End 7-2.14 Semi-Prepared Landing Zone (LZ) 7-2.15 Turnaround (or Hammerhead)

7-3 ACRONYMS

ix

7-4 SITE PLANNING FOR LANDING ZONES (LZ)

7-4.1 Future Development (Land or Aircraft Technology) 7-4.2 Prohibited Land Uses 7-4.3 APZs not on DOD Property

7-5 SITING CONSIDERATIONS

7-5.1 Training Landing Zones (LZs) 7-5.2 Siting Landing Zones (LZs) 7-5.3 FAA Requirements 7-5.4 Siting LZs in Built-Up Areas

7-6 GEOMETRIC CRITERIA FOR RUNWAYS AND OVERRUNS

7-6.1 LZ Runway Lengths 7-6.2 LZ Runway Widths 7-6.3 LZ Operating Surface Gradient Allowances 7-6.4 LZ Shoulders 7-6.5 Turnarounds

7-7 IMAGINARY SURFACES AND LAND USE CONTROL AREAS

7-8 OPERATIONAL WAIVERS TO CRITERIA

7-9 SEPARATION DISTANCES BETWEEN PERMANENT

RUNWAYS/HELIPADS AND LZ RUNWAYS

7-9.1 Separation Distances between Permanent

Runways/Helipads and LZ Runways for Simultaneous Operations

7-9.2 Separation between Permanent Class A or Class B Runways and LZ Runways for Non-Simultaneous Operations

7-10 SURFACE TYPES

7-11 MARKING AND LIGHTING

CHAPTER 8: AIRCRAFT HANGAR PAVEMENTS

8-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

8-2 AIRCRAFT MODULES SPACE

8-3 HANGAR AND SHELTER CLEARANCES

8-4 HANGAR FLOOR DESIGN

GLOSSARY

APPENDIX A: REFERENCES

APPENDIX B: BEST PRACTICES

SECTION 1 WAIVER PROCESSING PROCEDURES

B1-1 ARMY

B1-1.1 Waiver Procedures B1-1.2 Contents of Waiver Requests B1-1.3 Additional Requirements x

B1-2 AIR FORCE

B1-2.1 Waivers to Criteria and Standards B1-2.2 Waiver Processing Procedures B1-2.3 Waiver Authority B1-2.4 Effective Length of Waiver B1-2.5 Responsibilities

B1-3 NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

B1-3.1 Applicability B1-3.2 Approval B1-3.3 Obtaining Waiver B1-3.4 Exemptions from Waiver

SECTION 2 ARMY LAND USE AND FACILITY SPACE -- ALLOWANCES

B2-1 APPLICABILITY

B2-1.1 Air Force B2-1.2 Navy and Marine Corps

SECTION 3 DOD AIR INSTALLATIONS COMPATIBLE USE ZONES

SUGGESTED LAND USE COMPATIBILITY IN ACCIDENT POTENTIAL

ZONES

B3-1 LEGEND

B3-2 NOTES

B3-3 REFERENCES

B3-3.1 DOD

B3-3.2 Air Force B3-3.3 Navy/Marine Corps

SECTION 4 WIND COVERAGE STUDIES

B4-1 APPLICABILITY

B4-1.1 Army B4-1.2 Air Force B4-1.3 Navy and Marine Corps

B4-2 OBJECTIVE

B4-3 GENERAL

B4-3.1 Basic Conditions B4-3.2 Meteorological Conditions

B4-4 WIND VELOCITY AND DIRECTION

B4-4.1 Composite Windrose B4-4.2 Terrain B4-4.3 Additional Weather Data B4-4.4 Wind Distribution

B4-5 USE OF WINDROSE DIAGRAMS

B4-5.1 Drawing the Windrose B4-5.2 Special Conditions B4-5.3 Desired Runway Orientation xi

B4-6 WIND COVERAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR RUNWAYS

B4-6.1 Primary Runways B4-6.2 Secondary Runways B4-6.3 Maximum Allowable Crosswind Components (Navy Only) B4-6.4 Allowable Variations of Wind Direction

SECTION 5 EXTRACT OF FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION PART 77,

OBJECTS AFFECTING NAVIGABLE AIRSPACE

SECTION 6 AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS FOR AIRFIELD-HELIPORT

DESIGN AND EVALUATION

B6-1 GENERAL

SECTION 7 JET BLAST EFFECTS

B7-1 CONTENTS

B7-2 CONSIDERATIONS

B7-2.1 Blast Temperatures B7-2.2 Blast Velocities B7-2.3 Minimum Clearances B7-2.4 Engine Blast Relationship

B7-3 PROTECTION FROM JET BLAST EFFECTS

B7-3.1 Blast Deflectors B7-3.2 Unprotected Areas

B7-4 NOISE CONSIDERATIONS

B7-5 JET BLAST REQUIREMENTS

B7-5.1 Parked Aircraft B7-5.2 Taxiing Aircraft

SECTION 8 JET BLAST DEFLECTOR

B8-1 OVERVIEW

B8-1.1 Location B8-1.2 Size and Configuration B8-1.3 Paved Shoulders

SECTION 9 EXPLOSIVES ON OR NEAR AIRFIELDS

B9-1 CONTENTS

B9-2 SEPARATION DISTANCE REQUIREMENTS

B9-3 PROHIBITED ZONES

B9-4 HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO EED

B9-5 LIGHTNING PROTECTION

B9-6 GROUNDING OF AIRCRAFT

B9-7 HOT REFUELING

xii

SECTION 10 COMPASS CALIBRATION PAD MAGNETIC SURVEY

B10-1 CONTENTS

B10-2 AIR FORCE, NAVY, AND MARINE CORPS REQUIREMENTS

B10-3 ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

B10-4 PRELIMINARY SURVEY REQUIREMENTS

B10-4.1 Proton Magnetometer Method B10-4.2 Distant Object Method B10-4.3 Reciprocal Observation Method

B10-5 MAGNETIC SURVEY REQUIREMENTS

B10-6 MAGNETIC SURVEY PROCEDURES

B10-6.1 Magnetic Field Survey (Variation Check) B10-6.2 Magnetic Direction Survey

B10-7 SITING CONSIDERATIONS

B10-7.1 Separation Distances B10-7.2 Checking Site

SECTION 11 TIEDOWNS, MOORING, AND GROUNDING POINTS

B11-1 TYPES OF EQUIPMENT

B11-1.1 Mooring and Grounding Point B11-1.2 Mooring Point B11-1.3 Static Grounding Point B11-1.4 Static Grounding Tiedown B11-1.5 Tiedown Mooring Eye

B11-2 MOORING POINTS FOR ARMY FIXED- AND ROTARY-WING

AIRCRAFT

B11-2.1 Type B11-2.2 Design Load B11-2.3 Layout B11-2.4 Installation

B11-3 EXISTING MOORING POINTS FOR ARMY

B11-3.1 Evaluation of Existing Mooring Points for Structural

Adequacy B11-3.2 Evaluation of Existing Mooring Points for Resistance

B11-4 STATIC GROUNDING POINTS FOR ARMY FIXED- AND ROTARY-

WING FACILITIES

B11-4.1 Type B11-4.2 Layout B11-4.3 Installation B11-4.4 Grounding Requirements

B11-5 AIR FORCE TIEDOWNS AND STATIC GROUNDS

B11-5.1 General B11-5.2 Layout B11-5.3 Installation B11-5.4 Grounding Requirements

B11-6 TIEDOWN MOORING EYES FOR NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

xiii

SECTION 12 FLIGHTLINE VEHICLE PARKING - NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

B12-1 CONTENTS

B12-2 ARMY AND AIR FORCE CRITERIA

B12-3 LOCATION

B12-3.1 Area Required B12-3.2 Station-Assigned Vehicles B12-3.3 Squadron-Assigned Vehicles B12-3.4 Refueling Vehicles

B12-4 SURFACING

B12-5 SHELTER

B12-6 LIGHTING

SECTION 13 DEVIATIONS FROM CRITERIA FOR AIR FORCE AIRFIELD

SUPPORT FACILITIES

B13-1 WAIVERABLE AIRFIELD SUPPORT FACILITIES

B13-1.1 Contents B13-1.2 Army, Navy, and Marine Corps Requirements B13-1.3 Fixed Base Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) or Fixed

Base Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR) B13-1.4 Airport Rotating Beacon B13-1.5 Nondirectional Radio Beacon Facilities B13-1.6 Rotating Beam Ceilometers B13-1.7 Laser Beam Ceilometers B13-1.8 Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT)

B13-2 PERMISSABLE DEVIATIONS FROM DESIGN CRITERIA

B13-2.1 Contents B13-2.2 Frangibility Requirements B13-2.3 Visual Air Navigational Facilities B13-2.4 Radar Facilities B13-2.5 Emergency Generators, Maintenance and Personnel

Facilities (Non-Frangible) B13-2.6 Remote Microwave Link (Non-Frangible) B13-2.7 PAR Reflectors (Frangible and Non-Frangible) B13-2.8 Airborne Radar Approach Reflectors (Non-Frangible) B13-2.9 Instrument Landing System (ILS) B13-2.10 Microwave Landing System (MLS) and Mobile Microwave

Landing System (MMLS) (Non-Frangible) B13-2.11 Mobile Navigational Aids and Communication Facilities

(Non-Frangible) B13-2.12 Mobile Air Traffic Control Towers (MATCT)

(Non-Frangible) B13-2.13 Terminal Very High Frequency Omnirange (TVOR) Facility and Very High Frequency Omnirange (VOR) Facility (Non-Frangible) xiv

B13-2.14 Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) Facility and Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range (VORTAC) Facility (Non-Frangible)

B13-2.15 Runway Supervisory Unit (RSU) (Non-Frangible) B13-2.16 Transmissometer Facilities (Non-Frangible) B13-2.17 Wind Measuring Set (Non-Frangible) B13-2.18 Temperature-Humidity Measuring Set (Non-Frangible) B13-2.19 Wind Direction Indicators (Frangible and Non-Frangible) B13-2.20 General Information for Operational and Maintenance

Support Facilities

SECTION 14 CONSTRUCTION PHASING PLAN AND OPERATIONAL SAFETY

ON AIRFIELDS DURING CONSTRUCTION

B14-1 CONTENTS

B14-2 NAVY AND MARINE CORPS REQUIREMENTS

B14-3 INFORMATION TO BE SHOWN ON THE CONSTRUCTION

PHASING PLAN

B14-3.1 Phasing B14-3.2 Aircraft Operational Areas B14-3.3 Additional Requirements B14-3.4 Temporary Displaced Thresholds B14-3.5 Access B14-3.6 Temporary Marking and Lighting B14-3.7 Safety Requirements and Procedures B14-3.8 FOD Checkpoints

B14-4 OTHER ITEMS TO BE SHOWN IN THE CONTRACT DRAWINGS

B14-4.1 Storage B14-4.2 Parking B14-4.3 Buildings B14-4.4 Designated Waste and Disposal Areas

B14-5 MAXIMUM EQUIPMENT HEIGHT

B14-6 OPERATIONAL SAFETY ON THE AIRFIELD DURING

CONSTRUCTION

B14-6.1 General Requirements B14-6.2 Formal Notification of Construction Activities B14-6.3 Safety Considerations B14-6.4 Examples of Hazardous and Marginal Conditions B14-6.5 Vehicles on the Airfield B14-6.6 Inspection B14-6.7 Special Safety Requirements during Construction B14-6.8 Construction Vehicle Traffic B14-6.9 Limitation on Construction B14-6.10 Marking and Lighting Closed or Hazardous Areas on

Airports B14-6.11 Temporary Runway Threshold Displacement xv

SECTION 15 AIRCRAFT TRIM PAD AND THRUST ANCHOR FOR UP TO 267

KILONEWTONS (60,000 POUNDS) THRUST

SECTION 16 NAVIGATION AIDS DESIGN AND SUPPORT

B16-1 GENERAL

SECTION 17 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER SITING CRITERIA

B17-1 GENERAL INFORMATION

B17-2 SITING CRITERIA

B17-2.1 Unobstructed View B17-2.2 Site Area Requirements B17-2.3 Quantity Distance Criteria B17-2.4 Obstruction Clearance B17-2.5 Siting Effects on NAVAIDS B17-2.6 Siting for Proper Depth Perception B17-2.7 Compliance With Airfield Standards B17-2.8 Orientation of the Cab B17-2.9 Extraneous Lighting B17-2.10 Weather Phenomena B17-2.11 Exhaust Fumes and other Visibility Impairments B17-2.12 Avoid Sources of Extraneous Noise B17-2.13 Personnel Access Considerations B17-2.14 Compliance With the Comprehensive Plan B17-2.15 Consider the Effects on Meteorological and

Communications Facilities

B17-3 MINIMUM REQUIRED FLOOR LEVELS

B17-4 SITING PROCEDURES

B17-4.1 Office Study by Siting Engineers B17-4.2 Field Study by Siting Engineers B17-4.3 TERPS Analysis

B17-5 SITE RECOMMENDATIONS

B17-6 SOI DISTRIBUTION

B17-7 SAMPLE SOI

SECTION 18 GUIDELINES FOR ESTABLISHING BUILDING RESTRICTION

LINE AT AIR FORCE BASES

B18-1 OVERVIEW

B18-1.1 General Information B18-1.2 Purpose

B18-2 ESTABLISHING THE BRL AT A BASE

B18-3 STATUS OF EXISTING AND FUTURE FACILITIES AND

OBSTRUCTIONS WITHIN THE AREA

B18-4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF AREA WITHIN BRL CONTROL

LINES

B18-4.1 Future Construction xvi

B18-4.2 Existing Facilities

B18-5 DOCUMENTATION AND REPORTING

B18-6 IMPLEMENTATION

B18-7 FUTURE MODIFICATION TO BRL

FIGURES

Figure 2-1. Aviation Facilities Planning Process Figure 3-1. Runway Transverse Sections and Primary Surface Figure 3-2. Clear Zone Transverse Section Detail Figure 3-3. Runway and Overrun Longitudinal Profile Figure 3-4. Army Clear Zone and Accident Potential Zone Guidelines Figure 3-5. Air Force Clear Zone and APZ Guidelines Figure 3-6. Navy and Marine Corps Clear Zone and APZ Guidelines Figure 3-7. Class A VFR Runway Primary Surface End Details Figure 3-8. Class A VFR Runway Isometric Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-9. Class A VFR Runway Plan and Profile Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-10. Class A IFR Runway Primary Surface End Details Figure 3-11. Class A IFR Runway Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-12. Class A IFR Runway Plan and Profile Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-13. Class B Army and Air Force Runway End and Clear Zone Details Figure 3-14. Class B Army Runway Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-15. Class B Army and Air Force Runway Airspace Plan and Profile Runway Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-16. Class B Navy Runway Primary Surface End Details Figure 3-17. Class B Air Force and Navy Runway Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-18. Class B Navy Runway Airspace Plan and Profile Runway Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-19. VFR and IFR Crosswind Runways Isometric Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-20. Plan, Single Runway, Navy Class A, and Basic Training Outlying Field ... 55 Figure 3-21. Plan, Single Runway, and Navy Class B Figure 3-22. Typical Layout, Navy Dual Class B Runways Figure 4-1. Helicopter VFR Runway Figure 4-2. Helicopter IFR Runway Figure 4-3. IFR Airspace Imaginary Surfaces: IFR Helicopter Runway and Helipad Figure 4-4. Standard VFR Helipad for Army and Air Force Figure 4-5. Standard VFR Helipad for Navy and Marine Corps and Limited Use VFR Helipad for Army and Air Force Figure 4-6. Standard IFR Helipad Figure 4-7. Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps VFR Helipad with Same Direction Ingress/Egress Figure 4-8. Army and Air Force VFR Limited Use Helipad with Same Direction Ingress/Egress Figure 4-9. Army and Air Force IFR Helipad with Same Direction Ingress/Egress Figure 4-10. Helicopter Hoverpoint Figure 4-11. Rotary-Wing Landing Lane xvii

Figure 5-1. Common Taxiway Designations Figure 5-2. Spacing Requirements: Normal Taxiway Turnoffs Figure 5-3. Taxiway and Primary Surface Transverse Sections Figure 5-4. Runway/Taxiway Intersection Fillets Figure 5-5. Taxiway/Taxiway Intersection Fillets Figure 5-6. Intersection Geometry for Navy and Marine Corps Facilities Serving Aircraft with Wingspan Greater than 33.5 m (110 ft) Figure 5-7. Towway Criteria Figure 6-1. Apron Nomenclature and Criteria Figure 6-2. Army and Air Force Parking Plan Figure 6-3. Apron with Diagonal Parking Figure 6-4. Truck Refueling Safety Zone Example Figure 6-5. Type 1 Parking for All Rotary-Wing Aircraft Except CH-47 Figure 6-6. Type 1 Parking for CH-47 Figure 6-7. Type 2 Parking for Skid Rotary-Wing Aircraft Figure 6-8. Type 2 Parking for Wheeled Rotary-Wing Aircraft Figure 6-9. Warm-Up Pad at End of Parallel Taxiway Figure 6-10. Warm-Up Pad Next to Parallel Taxiway Figure 6-11. Warm-Up Pad Located in Clear Zone Figure 6-12. Warm-Up Pad Located in Approach-Departure Clearance Surface Figure 6-13. Warm-Up Pad/Localizer Critical Area Figure 6-14. Air Force Warm-Up Pad/Glide Slope Critical Area Figure 6-15. Warm-Up Pad/CAT II ILS Critical Area Figure 6-16. Warm-Up Pad Taxiing and Wingtip Clearance Requirements Figure 6-17. Geometry for Rectangular Power Check Pad Figure 6-18. Geometry for Square Power Check Pad Figure 6-19. Geometry for Circular Power Check Pad Figure 6-20. Arm-Disarm Pad for F-4 Fighter Figure 6-21. Arm-Disarm Pad for F-15 Fighter Figure 6-22. Arm-Disarm Pad for F-16 Fighter Figure 6-23. Arm-Disarm Pad for F-22 Fighter Figure 6-24. Army and Air Force Compass Calibration Pad Figure 6-25. Hazardous Cargo Pad Other than APOE/Ds Figure 6-26. Typical Hazardous Cargo Pad for APOE/Ds Figure 6-27. Typical Alert Apron for Bombers and Tanker Aircraft Figure 6-28. Typical Alert Pad for Fighter Aircraft Figure 6-29. Alert Apron Taxi-In/Taxi-Out Parking Figure 6-30. Alert Apron Back-In Parking Figure 6-31. Wash Rack for Mixed Mission Facility Figure 6-32. Heavy Bomber Wash Rack (B-52 or B-1) Figure 6-33. Cargo Aircraft Wash Rack Figure 6-34. Fighter Aircraft Wash Rack and Navy Type A Wash Rack Figure 6-35. Navy Type B Wash Rack Figure 6-36. Helicopter Wash Rack (Single Helicopter) Figure 6-37. Utilities and In-Pavement Structures Figure 6-38. CV-22 Apron Clearance Requirements Figure 6-39. Navy/Marine Corps, 45-Degree Aircraft Parking Configuration xviii

Figure 6-40. Navy/Marine Corps, 90-Degree Aircraft Parking Configuration Figure 7-1. LZ Primary Surface End Details Figure 7-2. LZ Details Figure 7-3. LZ with Contiguous Aprons and Turnarounds Figure 7-4. LZ Apron Layout Details Figure 7-5. LZ Runway Imaginary Surfaces Figure 7-6. LZ Runway, Taxiway, and Apron Sections Figure 7-7. Navy and Marine Corps LZ Primary Surface End Details Figure 7-8. Navy and Marine Corps LZ Details Figure 7-9. Navy and Marine Corps LZ with Contiguous Aprons and Turnarounds Figure 7-10. Navy and Marine Corps LZ Apron Layout Details Figure 7-11. Navy and Marine Corps LZ Runway Imaginary Surfaces Figure 7-12. Navy LZ Runway, Taxiway, and Apron Sections Figure B4-1. Windrose Blank Showing Direction and Divisions (16-Sector [22.5°] Windrose) Figure B4-2. Windrose Blank Showing Direction and Divisions (36-Sector [10°] Windrose) Figure B4-3. Completed Windrose and Wind Velocity Equivalents (16-Sector [22.5°] Windrose) Figure B4-4. Windrose Analysis Figure B4-5. Allowable Wind Variation for 19 Kilometer-per-Hour (10.4 Knot) and 28 Kilometer-per-Hour (15 Knot) Beam Wind Components Figure B10-1. Magnetic Field Survey Sheet Figure B10-2. Layout of Compass Rose Figure B11-1. Army Mooring Point Figure B11-2. Army Load Testing of Mooring Points Figure B11-3. Army Rotary-Wing Allowable Mooring Point Spacing Figure B11-4. Army Rotary-Wing Mooring Points Layout Figure B11-5. Slab Reinforcement for Army Mooring Point Figure B11-6. Mooring Point for Existing Rigid Pavement for Pavement Thickness Greater Than 150 Millimeters (6 Inches) Figure B11-7. Army Rotary-Wing Mooring Pad Detail Figure B11-8. Army Mooring Point for Grassed Areas, Flexible Pavement, or Rigid Pavement - Thickness Less Than 150 millimeters (6 inches) Figure B11-9. Army Grounding Point Inside Aircraft Hangars Figure B11-10. Mooring and Ground Point Layout for Rotary-Wing Parking Space Figure B11-11. Army Grounding Point for Turf Areas Figure B11-12. Air Force Static Ground Figure B11-13. Example of Air Force Multiple Tiedown Layout for Fixed-Wing Aircraft Figure B11-14. Air Force Aircraft Tiedown, Profile Figure B11-15. Air Force Aircraft Tiedown, Plan Figure B11-16. Navy and Marine Corps Mooring Eye/Tiedown Details Figure B12-1. Typical Site Plan - Vehicle Parking Figure B12-2. Typical Line Vehicle Shelters Figure B15-1. Jet Blast Directed Away From Pavement on a Power Check Pad Figure B15-2. Example of Square Aircraft Anchor Block and Cross Section xix

Figure B15-3. Example of Square Anchor Block, Cross Section A-A and B-B Figure B15-4. Example of Octagonal Anchor Block Figure B15-5. Example of Octagonal Anchor Block, Cross-Sections C-C, D-D, and E-E Figure B17-1. Runway Profile and New Control Tower Figure B17-2. Minimum Eye-Level Determination Figure B17-3. Minimum Eye-Level Measurement Figure B17-4. Minimum Tower Floors Figure B18-1. BRL – Plan View Figure B18-2. BRL – Profile View

TABLES

Table 1-1. Associated Design Manuals Table 3-1. Runway Classification by Aircraft Type Table 3-2. Runways Table 3-3. Army Class A Runway Lengths Table 3-4. Overruns Table 3-5. Clear Zones Table 3-6. Accident Potential Zones (APZs) Table 3-7. Airspace Imaginary Surface Table 3-8. Imaginary Surfaces Minimum Clearances over Highway, Railroad, Waterway, and Trees Table 4-1. Rotary-Wing Runways Table 4-2. Rotary-Wing Helipads and Hoverpoints Table 4-3. Rotary-Wing Landing Lanes Table 4-4. Shoulders for Rotary-Wing Facilities Table 4-5. Overruns for Rotary-Wing Runways and Landing Lanes Table 4-6. Rotary-Wing Runway and Landing Lane Clear Zone and APZ Table 4-7. Rotary-Wing Imaginary Surface for VFR Approaches Table 4-8. Rotary-Wing Imaginary Surfaces for IFR Approaches Table 5-1. Fixed-Wing Taxiways Table 5-2. Rotary-Wing Taxiways Table 5-3. Rotary-Wing Taxiway Shoulders Table 5-4. Runway/Taxiway Intersection Fillet Radii Table 5-5. Taxiway/Taxiway Intersection and Taxiway Turns Fillet Radii Table 5-6. Towways Table 6-1. Fixed-Wing Aprons Table 6-2. Rotary-Wing Aprons for Army Airfields Table 6-3. Minimum Separation Distance on Bomber Alert Aprons from the Centerline of a Through Taxilane to a Parked Aircraft Table 6-4. Wash Rack Clearances From Aircraft to Curb Table 6-5. Hangar Access Apron Table 6-6. Navy/Marine Corps Aircraft Parking Spacing, Helicopter Aircraft, 90-Degree Parking Table 6-7. Navy/Marine Corps Aircraft Parking Spacing, Propeller Aircraft, 90-Degree Parking xx

Table 6-8. Navy/Marine Corps Aircraft Parking Spacing, Jet Aircraft, 90-Degree Parking Table 6-9. Navy/Marine Corps Aircraft Parking Spacing, Jet Aircraft, 45-Degree Parking Table 7-1. C-17 LZ Runway Lengths Table 7-2. Runways for LZs Table 7-3. Taxiways for LZs Table 7-4. Aprons for LZs Table 7-5. Overruns for LZs Table 7-6. Runway End Clear Zone for LZs Table 7-7. Imaginary Surfaces for LZs Table 7-8. APZs and Exclusion Areas for LZs Table 7-9. Runway Separation for Simultaneous Operations Table 8-1. Aircraft Space Modules for Army Aviation Facilities Table 8-2. Aircraft Clearances inside Hangars Table B2-1. Facility Class 1: Operational and Training Facilities, Category Group 11: Airfields Pavement, General Table B2-2. Facility Class 1: Operational and Training Facilities, Category Group 12: Liquid Fueling and Dispensing Facilities Table B2-3. Facility Class 1: Operational and Training Facilities, Category Group 13: Air Navigation and Traffic Aids Building Table B2-4. Facility Class 1: Operational and Training Facilities, Category Group 14: Land Operational Facilities Table B2-5. Facility Class 1: Operational and Training Facilities, Category Group 17: Training Facilities Table B2-6. Facility Class 2: Maintenance Facilities, Category Group 21:

Maintenance Table B2-7. Facility Class 4: Supply Facilities, Category Group 41: Liquid Fuel Storage, Bulk Table B11-1. Army Pier Length and Depths for Tiedowns Table B12-1. Vehicle Parking Area Requirements Table B16-1. Navigational Aids (NAVAIDS) Design and Support

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1-1 PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL. This manual provides standardized airfield, heliport, and airspace criteria for the geometric layout, design, and construction of runways, helipads, taxiways, aprons, and related permanent facilities to meet sustained operations.

1-2 SCOPE. This manual prescribes dimensional and geometric layout criteria for safe standards for airfields, landing zones, heliports and helipads, and related permanent facilities, as well as the navigational airspace surrounding these facilities.

Criteria in this manual pertain to all Department of Defense (DOD) military facilities in the United States, its territories, trusts, and possessions, and unless otherwise noted, to DOD facilities overseas on which the United States has vested base rights. For DOD facilities overseas; if a written agreement exists between the host nation and the DOD that requires application of either North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), or Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards, those standards shall apply as stipulated within the agreement;

however, DOD proponents shall apply the criteria within this manual to the maximum extent practicable. United States Air Force (USAF) bases within the European theater may be authorized by Headquarters United States Forces in Europe (HQ USAFE) to use NATO criteria. Tenant organizations on civil airports in the continental United States (CONUS) will use these criteria to the extent practicable; otherwise, FAA criteria will apply. Specifically, on airfield areas that are joint-use or with restrictions and clear zones generated by joint-use areas, the FAA criteria contained in FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5300-13 is applicable. For areas where airfield surfaces are Air National Guard (ANG) controlled, whether fee-owned or exclusive use leased, the criteria contained in this manual are applicable. Procedures for pavement structural design and pavement marking and lighting are beyond the scope of this manual.

1-2.1 Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS). In addition to a local TERPS review, modifications to existing facilities, temporary construction, airfield surface modifications, maintenance or construction requiring equipment on or near the airfield flying environment, and construction of new facilities must be closely coordinated with the Air Force major command (MAJCOM), US Army Aeronautical Services Agency (USAASA) and United States Army Aeronautical Services Detachment, Europe (USAASDE), and Naval Flight Information Group (NAVFIG) to determine the impact to existing and planned instrument approach and departure procedures . The criteria in this manual do not address instrument flight procedures. TERPS evaluations and processes are described in Air Force instruction (AFI) 11-230, Air Force manual (AFMAN) 11-226(I)/Army technical manual (TM) 95-226/Navy operations naval instruction (OPNAVINST) 3722.16C. TERPS criteria shall be considered when designing or modifying airfields and facilities on airfields that are used under instrument flight rules (IFR).

1-2.2 Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace. Modifications to existing facilities and construction of new facilities must consider navigable airspace and may require that an FAA Form 7460-1 and 7460-2 be filed with the administrator (http://www.faa.gov/arp/ace/faaforms.htm). See Appendix B, Section 5, to determine when the FAA Form 7460-1 must be filed. FAA Form 7460-2 is used to notify the FAA of progress or abandonment, as requested, on the form. The FAA regional office routinely includes this form with a determination when such information will be required. The information is u