RFP_Attach_3_NIST_PPR-B1R-W5-W4-Spine-31Jul2019.pdf

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Building 1 Renovation | Wing 4 + Wing 5 + Partial Spine

SB1341-18-SE0014

PROGRAM AND PERFORMANCE REPORT

31 July, 2018

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 — EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

a. Design Team Directory

b. Project Summary

c. Project Description

d. Project Goals

2 — HISTORIC DESIGN GUIDELINES

a. National Registry of Historic Places

b. Guidelines for Rehabilitation

c. Distinguishing Characteristics

d. Stitching Building 1 Tog

3 — EXISTING BUILDING ASSESSMENT

a. SWOT Analysis

b. Exterior Skin Assessment

c. Slab on Grade Analysis

d. Existing Program Plans

4 — BUILDING PROGRAMMING

a. Program

b. Program Narrative

c. Laboratory Characteristics

d. Program Plans

5 — DESIGN PROPOSAL

a. Concept Drivers

b. Informal Chances

c. Interior Look and Feel

d. Experience Maps

e. Building Envelope

f. Code Study Narrative

g. Landscape Design Narrative

h. Drawing Set Indexes

i. Project Manual Table of Contents

6 — SYSTEM NARRATIVES

a. Building Site Work

b. Energy Performance

c. Structural

d. Fire Protection

e. Plumbing

f. Mechanical HVAC

g. ElectricalSecurity / IT

7 — SUSTAINABILITY NARRATIVE

a. Introduction

b. LEED Certification

c. Federal Guiding Principles

8 — BIBLIOGRAPHY

9 — APPENDICES

a. Appendix A a.1 Building Site Work Geotechnical Reports Site Surveys Site Utility Locates a.2 Energy Performance Energy Modeling Data a.3 Mechanical HVAC Mechanical Load Data

b. Appendix B b.1 LEED Scorecard b.2 IP Worksheet b.3 Surrounding Density b.4 Quality Transit b.5 Site Assessment Worksheet b.6 Commissioning b.7 Green Power and Carbon Offsets b.8 LCA report b.9 EPDs Document b.10 Innovation Credits b.11 Materials To Learn About GBCI’s Guiding Principles Assessment Program b.12 Guiding Principles Documents to Be Signed By NIST b.13 Guiding Principles Checklist b.14 NIST Team Roster b.15 Sustainability Workshop Meeting Minutes

c. Appendix C c.1 Building 1 Origional Drawings c.2 Historic Structures Report - 2018 c.3 NIST Boulder Previous Studies 2012-0606 Final NIST Conceptual Report DOC Campus Master Plan - 2017 Master Plan FONSI Laboratory and Administrative Space Planning Study - 2016 c.4 Review Comments NIST Comments on 30% Construction Documents Ambient Energy Comments on 30% Construction Documents

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1 — EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

STUDIOTROPE DESIGN COLLECTIVE

Joseph Montalbano Anne Pharamond

James Mackey Vickki Arnouts

AECOM

Kevin Keady Ryan Meador

Andy Paddock Sandee Miller

George Verstraete Randy Mueller Gordon Tucker

Kirsten Johnson Felipe Poletto

Bill Bobzein

AMBIENT ENERGY

Renee Azerbegi Clayton Bartczak

Victoria Herrero-Garcia

DESIGN ADVISORY GROUP (DAG)

MeeLondrel Lumpkin Brian Burnham

Joseph Mahlberg Wayne Pierce Bryan Faktor

Jim West Ruben Rodriguez

Chad McCollum

B. PROJECT SUMMARYA. DESIGN TEAM DIRECTORY

ARCHITECTURE, INTERIOR, AND GRAPHIC DESIGN

Principal | Architect Project Manager | Architect Project Coordinator Senior Interior Designer

ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS

Programmer | Lab Planner Project Manager | Lead Mechanical Lead Structural Lead Civil Lead Electrical Lead Plumbing Lead Archaeologist Lead Historian Lead Cost Estimating Lead Landscape

SUSTAINABILITY CONSULTANT

Principal Sustainability Team Leader Sustainability Consultant

US DOC - NIST

Contracting Officer Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative Project Manager Architect | Facilities Modernization Division Chief | OFPM Building Manager | OFPM Electrical | Facilities Modernization Fire Protection Engineer

INTRODUCTION

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), founded in 1901, serves to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life. When Building 1 (the Radio Building) was constructed in 1954, it was the largest NIST laboratory facility.

In 2017, NIST issued an RFQ for professional design services to renovate a portion of Building 1 on the NIST Boulder Campus. This document outlines a schematic design for Wing 4, Wing 5, and a portion of the Spine. The Colorado State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) recommends Building 1 as eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

PROJECT SUMMARY

The proposed project aims to advance science and technology in Building 1, stimulate creativity and innovation, provide a world-class research facility, and respect the building’s historic nature. The SHPO has recommended that renovations be approached as Rehabilitation as defined by the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties (SOI Standards). Rehabilitation is one of 4 treatment methods, which is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair, alterations, and additions while persevering the portions or features which convey it’s historical, cultural, or architectural values.

Balancing the SOI Standards with NIST’s need for 21st century laboratory space means the design must balance research needs, utility upgrades, improved air and water quality, energy efficiency, safety, and security while meeting the SOI Standards for Rehabilitation.

The design of a rehabilitated world class research facility will significantly increase the functionality of Building 1 and provide users with controlled environments necessary to stimulate innovation and foster industrial competitiveness.

To achieve this, facility utilities will be upgraded to meet the strict temperature, vibration, and humidity controls along with air infiltration requirements needed to perform measurements at a high degree of accuracy. Structural upgrades will be utilized to meet current building code requirements and additional structural security measures will be implemented.

Office planning will address an efficient use of space with appropriate layouts for research-related tasks, which will promote a healthier working environment. Creating open collaborative spaces where both internal and external circulation patterns intersect will increase interaction and spark casual discussions among the researchers and their colleagues.

Once rehabilitated Building 1 will not only offer world class laboratory environments but will be more permeable and welcoming.

This Program and Performance Report is a culmination of the efforts to date and established a point of departure for commencing Design Development, serving as a road map outlining the goals and parameters set forth in this document.

It is worth noting this schematic design proposal follows a series of weekly Design Advisory Group (DAG) meetings, tours, and workshops between NIST staff and the Design Team, including an all day charrette on February 22, 2018.

Through these collaborative sessions a comprehensive understanding of the existing conditions has developed, and informed decisions made.

This report will be amended to include a project construction budget.

(1) Building 1 Renovation, Statement of Work. (2011 May 21). Description, Specifications/Work Statement - 1.0 Background.

(Much of this text was taken directly from the smithgroup conceptual report)

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Building 1 at NIST Boulder (also known as the Radio Building) was constructed in 1954. Building 1 is a cast-in place reinforced concrete building. It serves as the main laboratory facility for research and measurements at NIST Boulder, supporting the NIST mission to provide measurements, standards, and technology that advance economic growth and address national needs. Building 1 comprises a total of approximately 320,000 square feet and includes administrative and support staff offices as well as laboratories. Building 1 includes a wide range of laboratory facilities that support research and measurements in areas such as electronics, nanotechnology, time and frequency measurements, quantum computing and communications, laser science, optics, superdocuting sensors, radiofrequency communications, magnetic field measurements, and other areas. In many ways NIST Boulder performs the world’s best research and measurements, including the world’s leading quantum computing research programs, and most accurate atomic clocks, and some of the world’s most sensitive measurements using unique superconducting devices. Building 1 also includes two clean room facilities for the fabrication of unique nanoscale instruments that are used for NIST Boulder research and measurements. The extremely demanding and sensitive research and measurements performed in Building 1 require tight control of environmental conditions such as temperature, vibration, humidity, and air quality.

Renovation of Building 1 is a necessity for NIST’s continued long-term support of US industrial competitiveness in the world market.

The portion of the Building 1 Renovation (B1R) associated with this project will provide extensive renovation of Wings 4 and 5, and the portion of the Spine connecting Wing 4 to Wing 5. This will provide approximately 27,700 net assignable square feet of laboratory space to perform research and measurements needed by the industry and the scientific community. The renovation will support key technology areas such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, new energy sources, computing, and telecommunications. Renovated spaces shall be sufficient to support NIST’s vision well into the 21st Century and will be supportive of infrastructure recently developed on site.

LEED Silver Certification from the United States Green Building Council is a minimum requirement for the completed project.

(1) Building 1 Renovation, Statement of Work. (2011 May 21). Description, Specifications/Work Statement - 1.0 Background.

(Much of this text was taken directly from the smithgroup conceptual report)

NIST BACKGROUND

A non-regulatory agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST carries out it’s mission through four major programs.

The NIST Laboratories The Baldrige National Quality Program The Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership The Advanced Technology Program

The NIST Laboratories are located in both Gaithersburg, Maryland, and in Boulder, Colorado. The Boulder, Colorado facility includes the following research divisions and groups:

Electromagnetic Technology - Solutions to metrology problems using solid-state quantum effects, low temperatures to reduce thermal noise, and state-of-the-art lithography.

Magnetic Technology - Advanced measurement methods and standards for the magnetic data storage and superconductor power industries.

Materials Reliability - Measurement Methods and standards enhancing the quality and reliability of materials.

Mathematical and Computational Sciences - Design of Experiments, modeling, analytical methods, and algorithms for science.

Optoelectrics - Measurement, technology, standards, and traceability for the optoelectronic industry.

Physical and Chemical Properties - Measurements, standards, data, and models for the thermo physical/ chemical properties of gases, liquids, and solids for low-temperature refrigeration systems.

Quantum Physics - Atomic and chemical physics, precision measurement, and laser and optical physics.

Statistical Modeling and Analysis -Modern statistical experimental design, statistical modeling, data analysis, and process control procedures.

Timing and Frequency - Standards of time and Frequency; dissemination of timing information using radio broadcasts and the Internet.

(2) National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2008 July 17). General Information, Research Areas. Retrieved July 4 2011, “NIST Boulder Laboratories website”: http://www.boulder.nist.gov/bldrdiv.htm (pink indicates directly from smithgroup conceptual report)

US Dept. of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO | Building 1 circa 1954

C. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

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This proposal endeavors to design improvements to Building 1 which align with its historic use as a laboratory research facility while simultaneously meeting the needs of a twenty-first century version of the same. The exterior envelope is planned to be restored, with alterations necessary for systems upgrades, structural improvements, capacity needs, safety/security, and energy efficiency necessary to become known globally as a high-performing, fully functional laboratory research facility.

ADDITIONS

A one-story addition is necessary at Wing 5 in order to provide adequate laboratory space for a modern-day facility with sufficient lab support space, specifically slab-on-grade labs which provide necessary vibration isolation for critical experiments. The addition will be subordinate to the existing building and no other building expansions are being considered.

ALTERATIONS

The existing building structure must be augmented and reinforced to provide adequate resilience to natural hazards and meet life safety building codes. Refer to Cross Sections and Floor Plans in the design proposal chapter (Pages 68-70, 93-100);

• Structural Bracing will be : Limited/select interior bracing with supplemental lite exterior bracing

This approach conceptually aligns with the intent of the SOI Standards because all significant alterations will be hidden from view inside interior partitions. The exterior steel and aluminum shade canopy will provide supplemental bracing and simultaneously protect the building. Identified in the design proposal as a “light shroud” canopy, this feature meets several other project goals such as indoor/outdoor connectivity, modernization of the existing building, and energy reduction characteristics. Without the canopy the exterior envelope would require more invasive bracing techniques.

Alterations are also necessary to reconfigure the interior uses so Building 1 remains as functional as it was at the time of its original construction. These alterations take the form of removing and relocating interior, non-bearing partitions to reconfigure laboratories and all the support spaces needed for these labs to function.

Further alterations are necessary to improve building accessibility and meet current building codes.

The Additions and Alterations identified above will ensure Building 1’s continued use and maintenance for the next

50 years.

Some exterior and interior alterations to a historic building are generally needed as part of a rehabilitation project to ensure its continued use. The SOI Standards note the importance that such alterations do not radically change, obscure, or destroy character-defining spaces, materials, features, or finishes.

Alterations to Building 1 are necessary to ensure its continued use given the drastic changes in research science over the course of the 60 years which have transpired since Building 1 was initially constructed. Alterations will primarily be interior, with additions subordinate to the original building.

Resilience to natural hazards should be addressed as part of a rehabilitation project.

Structural improvements will be designed to minimize impact but increase lateral bracing capacity to meet current snow load, wind load, and seismic requirements.

Sustainability should be addressed as part of a rehabilitation project. Existing energy-efficient features should be retained and repaired. Only sustainability treatments should be considered that will have the least impact on the historic character of the building.

Insulation will be added in a manner to minimize visual impact, window replacement will improve building performance while maintaining existing aesthetic features, and mechanical system upgrades will provide increased long-term sustainability.

New Additions should be designed and constructed so that the character defining features of the historic building, it’s site, and setting are not negatively impacted.

New additions to Building 1 will be limited. A one-story addition to level 3, Wing 5 will be lower than the existing building parapet and speak to existing features without replicating or attempting to replace them. Windows will primarily be replaced in kind. Structural augmentation will be designed to clearly represent current day technologies, while not taking away from the existing structure’s Character-defining features.

*The text in italics is from the SOI Standards for Guidelines for Rehabilitation.

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D. PROJECT GOALS — GUIDING PRINCIPLES

MISSION

To promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.

VISION

NIST will be the world’s leader in creating critical measurement solutions and promoting equitable standards. Our efforts stimulate innovation, foster industrial competitiveness, and improve the quality of life.

CORE COMPETENCIES

Measurement science Rigorous traceability Development and use of standards

CORE VALUES

An organization with strong values, reflected both in our history and our current work. NIST leadership and staff will uphold these values to ensure a high performing environment that is safe and respectful of all.

Perseverance: We take the long view, planning the future with scientific knowledge and imagination to ensure continued impact and relevance for our stakeholders.

Integrity: We are ethical, honest, independent, and provide an objective perspective.

Inclusivity: We work collaboratively to harness the diversity of people and ideas, both inside and outside of NIST, to attain the best solutions to multidisciplinary challenges.

Excellence: We apply rigor and critical thinking to achieve world-class results and continuous improvement in everything we do.

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ADVANCING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN BUILDING 1...

biotechnology nanotechnology precision timing homeland security quantum computing telecommunications applications of lasers hydrogen energy sources quantum communications precision electrical standards electromagnetic interference testing

...REQUIRES HIGHLY CONTROLLED RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTS

(i.e. vibration, temperature, air quality, and daylighting) TO ACCELERATE RESEARCH RESULTS

THE REHABILITATION OF BUILDING 1 WILL BE DRIVEN BY THE DESIRED OUTCOMES...

flexibility safety / security sustainability quality of life stimulate innovation foster competitiveness preservation of character-defining features controlled environments balance of historic / current work multi-disciplinary / cross pollination Informal Chances / collision Moments (H)

...WHICH RESULTS IN THE PROJECT’S ASPIRATIONS

NIST ASPIRATIONS:

a great place to work invigorating world class research facility “put on the map” noteworthy / remarkable a fabulous place infusing beauty into operations

BUILDING OCCUPANT ASPIRATIONS:

(certain) offices on same level as labs maximize lab space (modules) lab support space “game changer” useful storage space noisy/vibrating equip. outside/adjacent to lab eyewash/shower outside/adjacent to lab access to exterior environments between wings interaction spaces

BALANCING ALL THE PROJECT FACTORS...

Cost

LEED

History Flexibility Inspiration Technology Performance Safety/Security

...REQUIRES CAREFUL CONSIDERATION OF MEASURABLE QUALITIES

D. PROJECT GOALS — GUIDING PRINCIPLES

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2 — HISTORIC DESIGN GUIDELINES

ELIGIBILITY FOR LISTING ON THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

NIST, in consultation with the Colorado State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) has determined that Building 1 (the Radio Building) is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Because Building 1 has been determined NRHP-eligible, the renovations proposed in this schematic design package respond to the Rehabilitation standards and guidelines outlined in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties including the recommendations contained within those guidelines. Specifically, this report has referenced pages 75-162 of the SOI Standards.

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR’S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

• Minimal change to distinctive materials, features, spaces, and spatial relationships.

• The historic character of a property will be retained and preserved. The removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces, and spatial relationships that characterize the property will be avoided.

• Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or elements from other historic properties, will not be undertaken.

• Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right will be retained and preserved.

• Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterized a property will be preserved.

• Deteriorated historic features will be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature will match the old in design, color, texture, and where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features will be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence.

• Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, will be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials will not be used.

• Archaeological resources will be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures will be undertaken.

• New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction will not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize the property. The new work will be differentiated from the old and will be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing to protect the integrity of the property and its environment.

• New additions and adjacent or related new construction will be undertaken in such a manner that, if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

A. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

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CRITERION A

The resource is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of history.

• Not a singular historic moment, but Building 1 is associated with;

• The broad patterns of history of the National Bureau of Standards;

• The growth and expanding research activities in the post World War II era; and

• Being the flagship building of the Boulder campus.

All of which projected the NBS’s image as a progressive and modern agency.

CRITERION C

The resource embodies distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction;

represents the work of a master;

possesses high artistic value;

or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction.

Courtesy Palm Springs Historical Society

Transamerica Pyramid in San Francisco - William Pereira

University of CA, Irvine Library

UCSD Geisel Library

LAX international airport

Robinson’s in Palm Springs - Luckman & Pereira

Pacific Life Building, Newport Beach

Examples of Master Works by the architects whom designed Building 1

An Historic Structures Report is currently being developed. The HSR will inform a response to this question or will spawn new questions, for example;

Can the Spine double as a gallery, showcasing historic and modern day accomplishments?

• Preserving the Nation’s scientific legacy

• Public education components (communicating relevant history of science)

• Provide areas for display

• See illustrations and touch actual objects

• Wayfinding device(s)

WHAT MAKES BUILDING 1 SIGNIFICANT AND WHY?

A. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 11

GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATING HISTORIC BUILDINGS

Identify, retain, and preserve historic materials and features. Rehabilitation begins with recommendations to identify the form and detailing of those architectural materials and features that are important in defining the building’s historic character and which must be retained to preserve that character.

Character defining features have been identified by the design team and have been organized around two categories International style architecture and post WWII Research Campus model), of which Building 1 represents an excellent example. It is the intent of this proposal to retain, preserve, and emphasize these features wherever possible.

Building 1 is an excellent example of International Style Architecture.

Character-defining features of Building 1 that are representative of the International style include:

• Solar shading features (cast-in-place concrete awning in particular);

• Mass produced materials, including cast-in-place (CIP) concrete;

• Rejection of ornament and color;

• Generally flat surfaces;

• Very few materials (CIP concrete, natural stone, glass);

• Low, horizontal orientation with low parapets;

• Flat roofs;

• Horizontal, “ribbon” windows, and clerestories (canted windows in particular);

• Repetitive modular forms, with an expression of honesty, clarity, discipline, and structure;

• A low solid/void ratio. The expanse of glazing promotes an open and transparent building envelope.

It is worth noting the International style commonly deploys structural cantilevers to express weightlessness, yet this characteristic is missing on the original Building 1 architecture.

Also noteworthy is the purpose/intent of low, horizontal roofs and clerestories which invite as much daylight into Building 1’s interior environment while also allowing daylight to enter the courtyards between the six wings. Of course, the low roofs also avoid blocking views of the local surroundings, which leads to the second character-defining category.

Butterfly motifs are found in several places on Building 1

Building 1 is organized by repetitive structural bays, primarily 24’ on center

Typical cross section showing canted windows and CIP concrete awnings

B. GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATION

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Building 1 is an excellent example of a post-World War II scientific research facility.

The features of Building 1 that could be considered character-defining, include;

• Overall configuration of Building 1, with a primary entry at the front of an organizing “Spine” and six building wings which extend from the spine;

• Expansive, open space between wings;

• Stunning natural surroundings, in this case the backdrop of the Rocky Mountain foothills, known as the Flat Irons;

• Rolling, pastoral landscape; and

• A mixture of uses that allow building occupants to accomplish all their objectives in one building, including work and contemplative environments.

Framed naturalism Serenity Contemplative environments

Launch pads Destinations Informal chances

Expansive open space between wings Stunning foothills backdrop Pastoral landscape

EXISTING CONDITIONS

ENVISIONED REHABILITATION

Credit : MAP

B. GUIDELINES FOR REHABILITATION

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RECENT RENOVATION/ ADDITION TO WINGS 3, 6, AND PARTIAL SPINE (BETWEEN WING 4 AND 6)

The recent improvements to Wings 3 and 6 and a portion of the Spine were completed before Building 1 was determined eligible for listing in the NRHP. The improvements diminished the historic integrity of Building 1, and the proposed renovations will need to be completed to minimize or avoid adverse effects. Past improvements that diminished the historic integrity of Building 1 are described below.

Removal of concrete sun shades

Modification of landscape

The design proposal presented in this document endeavors to minimize and /or avoid any further modifications that would create an adverse affect, while simultaneously complementing the entirety of the existing conditions of Building One.

• Historic solid/void patterns significantly altered

• Cantilevers introduced where none existed

• Changed parapet height (proportions)

• Material, new to Building 1

Shrouding of the entire building facade

Grey represents original wing cross section.

Orange represents recent addition to wing cross section

C. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS

HISTORIC PAST

Institutional

Unassuming Fixed

Austere Expression of Structure

Individual Pursuits Rigid

Cast-in-Place Transparent

Abstract Beauty cutting edge

RECENT EMERGENCE

Institutional

Distinguished

Bold Expression of Form

Regulating/Playful Modular Masked unprecedented scientific technological achievement

ASPIRING FUTURE

Institutional

Remarkable Flexible Welcoming Expression of Activity Collaborative Natural /comfortable Blend / Bridge Indoor / Outdoor Natural Beauty cutting edge

SYNERGY

preservation of history + modern facility emphasize structure celebrate setting pride of place distinguished functional

COMPATIBLE

SUBORDINATE

(of its time) MODERN materials features spatial relationships form mass scale proportion

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CONCRETE

Identifying, retaining, and preserving features that are important in defining the overall historic character of the building.

All existing, cast in place concrete beams, columns, and sunshades will be preserved.

Refer to Exterior Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

Protect and maintain concrete by ensuring that historic drainage features and systems that divert rainwater from concrete surfaces (such as roof overhangs, gutters, and downspouts) are intact and functioning properly.

Existing parapet design will be upgraded to prevent further deterioration and improve insulation.

Refer to Spine Cross Sections. (Pages 68-70)

Evaluating the overall condition of the concrete to determine whether more than protection and maintenance, such as repairs to features will be necessary.

The existing conditions will be assessed and recommendations for repair, protection, and maintenance will be made.

Repairing concrete by patching, slicing, consolidating, or otherwise reinforcing the concrete using recognized preservation methods. Repair may include the limited replacement in kind or with a compatible substitute material of those extensively deteriorated or missing parts of concrete features when there are surviving prototypes.

The cast in place concrete structure will be supported and braced by a distinctly modern structure that minimizes removal or replacement of existing features. Refer to Cross Sections and perspective renderings. (Pages 68-70, 74)

Cutting damaged concrete back to remove the source of deterioration, such as corrosion on metal reinforcement bars. The new patch must be applied carefully so that it will bond satisfactorily with and match the historic concrete.

An extensive survey of existing conditions will identify areas that require patching and means to remove the source of deterioration.

ROOFS

Identify, retain, and preserve roofs and their functional and decorative features that are important in defining the overall historic character of the building. The form, decorative features, functional features, and materials are significant.

The existing cast in place concrete pan-joist structure that forms the roofs will be maintained. Alterations to the parapets will be designed to minimize visual impact. Alterations to the roof will be limited to sustainability improvements, primarily the addition of insulation. Refer to Cross Sections. (Pages 68-70,74)

Installing mechanical and service equipment on the roof (such as heating and air-conditioning units, elevator housing, or solar panels) when required for a new use so that they are inconspicuous on the site and from the public right-of-way and do not damage or obscure character defining historic features.

Roof-top mechanical equipment will be minimized. The interior of Level 2, Wing 5 will house a majority of the mechanical units as historically designed. Roof space for future equipment will be designated to avoid damaging or obscuring character defining features. Refer to Roof Plan. (Pages 59)

Designing rooftop additions, elevator or stair towers, decks, or terraces, dormers, or skylights when required by new or continuing use so that they are inconspicuous and minimally visible on the site and from the public right-of-way and do not damage or obscure character defining historic features.

Terraces will be designed to be inconspicuous and provide a connection that emphasizes the character-defining features of the historic structure, namely the low profile, repetitive structural pattern and horizontal emphasis.

WINDOWS

Identifying, retaining, and preserving windows and their functional and decorative features that are important to the overall character of the building.

The “ribbons” of windows and curtain walls of glass are elements of the International style which help define the overall historic character of Building 1. The custom-framed windows are indicative of the era in which the building was constructed. The configuration of the windows emphasize the overall horizontality of the building’s massing.

Ribbons of windows are maintained in all of the following areas except as noted;

• Clerestory of both Wing 4 and Wing 5;

• Level 3+4 of partial Spine;

• Level 4 of Wing 5;

– Note, the current design proposal is studying the benefits of adding solar shading devices to the west façade. By preserving the mature trees along this façade the proposed “Light Shroud” solar canopy cannot be installed along this façade and therefore these west facing windows are exposed to significant heat gain and energy consumption.

– Historic drawings suggest perforated metal solar shades were intended for these ribbon windows and were likely never installed due to budgetary constraints.

– Refer to perspective renderings for solar studies along this façade. (Page 48)

• Level 3 of Wing 4 except two bays;

– Ribbon windows at west facing bay near south end will be retrofit with a service entry to designate a change of use (receiving bay). Refer to Exterior Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

– Ribbon windows at east facing bay near south end will be replaced with storefront to the floor to designate a change of use (entry and Interaction space). Refer to Exterior Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

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Repair of the windows is not possible due to the scientific programmatic needs of NIST, and therefore the windows must be replaced. Replacement windows will be compatible with the existing windows in overall size, configuration, and patterning (dimensions, profiles, finish, and placement) as much as possible. See below for further explanation.

It is worth noting the original windows were divided into small, horizontal units for two primary reasons, neither of which are compatible with NIST’s goals for this project;

• Affordability and mass production at the time they were fabricated

– according to current fabrication methods larger glazing units are higher performing than multiple smaller units.

• Operability

– NIST requires all windows to be fixed for security and environmental control purposes.

Despite being fixed, all replacement windows will be compatible with original windows relative to overall size, configuration, profiles and patterning as follows;

• Wing 4, east and west elevations : the original divided lites (sash and pane configuration) will be matched. Refer to

Exterior Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

– It is worth noting the interior floor plan avoided punching new doors into the exterior walls and thus impacting the original façades (which would have been required by current building codes for exits from laboratories) by providing an internal service corridor. This in turn, compromises NIST’s Desire for 24’ x 48’ laboratories.

• Wing 4, south elevation : new windows have been added to reflect the change of use within. See below for response to SOI Guidelines.

• Wing 5, east and west elevations : the original divided lites (sash and pane configuration) will be matched at the clerestory level. Refer to Exterior Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

• Wing 5, level 4, east and west elevations : the divided lites (sash and pane configuration) will be reflected in a change of tint to the glazing. This meets the SOI Guidelines given these are considered secondary façades. Refer to

Exterior Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

• Wing 5, level 3, east elevation : the windows have been eliminated due to the new building addition. Refer to

Exterior Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

• Wing 5, north elevation : new windows have been added to reflect the change of use within. See below for response to SOI Guidelines.

• At the Spine, north side, the original divided lites (sash and pane configuration) will be matched. Refer to Exterior

Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

• The majority of windows on the south side of the spine were replaced with the recently completed renovation.

Those that remain will be replaced to match historic size, configuration, patterning and profiles. Refer to Exterior

Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

The design proposal outlines three different types of openings as a kit-of-parts that can be applied in a repetitive, honest manner, thus complimenting Building 1’s International Style architecture and the importance of transparency between indoor and outdoor activities.

Refer to Elevations; (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

Window Type 1 : Building (pedestrian) entry

- Note: Building (service) window type 1 entries are simply a pair of solid doors.

Window Type 2 : Lobby and/or building addition Window type 3. Interaction spaces

Refer to Elevation studies for depictions of kit-of-parts entry systems. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

Page 109 of the SOI Guidelines recommends modifications, if required, can be made to the “rear or secondary, less visible elevations.”

Rear or secondary, less visible elevations on Wing 4 have been identified as the west elevation and on Wing 5 as the east and west elevations. The elevation of the spine between Wings 3 and 5 is less visible from public views. This design proposal endeavors to replace windows on these secondary elevations with windows that match the historic windows in size, configuration, and general characteristics, but per the SOI Guidelines the finer details may not be duplicated and substitute materials have been considered.

All exterior elevations (façades) in the scope of this project are considered “rear or secondary, less visible elevations”, as identified above, except for the south and east elevations of W4 and the south elevation of the Spine.

• Most of the historic windows in the south elevation of the Spine have already been replaced in a previous renovation, those that remain will be replaced to match historic size, configuration, patterning and profiles. Refer to Exterior

Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

• Except for the new pedestrian entry, all the replaced windows on the east elevation of Wing 4 will be replaced to match historic size, configuration, patterning and profiles. Refer to Exterior Elevations. (Pages 60-61,72,75-76)

As stated earlier, replacement windows are required to accommodate a change of use (primarily the changing scientific needs of NIST for continued use of Building 1 for the same function it was originally designed), see above.

All windows will be replaced with windows that match the historic windows in size, configuration, and general patterning as described above.

Existing Window Screens.

Research is being done to determine if these are original.

Presuming these are original, the replacement windows could match this pattern with glazing treatment Spine north side Wing 5 east side Wing 4 west side

Typical of wing 4

Glazing color and pattern will be studied to reflect historic patterning.

Page 109 of the SOI Guidelines recommends replacing windows with new windows “that operate differently, if necessary, to accommodate a new use.”

NIST’s goals for the rehabilitation of Building 1 involve several locations where the interior use will change from lab to office, office to lab, or either lab or office to an interaction space. In some instances new entries have been introduced into Building 1 to accommodate these new interior functions, and in other cases existing entrances have been enhanced. In these locations window openings have either been introduced or enlarged.

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increases shear load capacity that meets current structural design codes and seismic requirements will be provided.

Refer to Cross Sections and Floor Plans. (Pages 68-70, 74, 93-100)

• Structural Bracing : Limited/select interior bracing with supplemental light exterior bracing

Installing seismic or structural reinforcement when necessary in a manner that minimizes its impact on the historic fabric and character of the building.

As stated previously, the structural bracing proposedh conceptually aligns with the intent of the SOI Standards because all significant alterations are hidden from view inside interior partitions, while the exterior steel and aluminum shade canopy is as light and non-invasive as possible. Identified in the Design Proposal as a “light shroud” canopy, this thin aluminum canopy will hover just above the existing parapet and nearly disappear when viewed horizontally across the courtyard from the neighboring Wing or Spine. This canopy feature provides supplemental bracing while meeting several other project goals such as indoor/outdoor connectivity, modernization of the existing building, and energy reduction properties.

Without the canopy the exterior envelope would require more invasive bracing techniques. Refer to Cross Sections and

Perspective Renderings. (Pages 68-70)

Limiting any new excavations next to historic foundations to avoid undermining the structural stability of the building or adjacent historic buildings. The area next to the building foundation should be investigated first to ascertain potential damage to site features or archaeological resources.

Excavations next to historic foundations will be limited or avoided entirely and impact to existing column piers minimized or avoided entirely.

Correcting structural deficiencies needed to accommodate a new use in a manner that preserves the structural system and individual character-defining features.

New structural bracing will correct deficiencies while remaining subservient to overall structure.

Designing and installing new mechanical or electrical equipment when necessary, in a manner that minimizes the number and size of cuts or holes in structural members.

New mechanical or electrical equipment will be routed through existing duct chases when possible or in existing clerestory space which will minimize cuts or holes in structural members.

Inserting a new floor when required for the new use if it does not negatively impact the historic character of the interior space, and if it does not damage the structural system, does not abut window glazing, and is not visible from the exterior of the building.

No major new floors are proposed. A raised floor system housing mechanical and electrical utilities at Level 4 of Wing 5 will allow the structure of the floor above to be exposed to view as intended. A service catwalk is proposed in portions of the clerestory of Wing 4.

ENTRANCES AND PORCHES

Identifying, retaining, and preserving entrances and porches and their functional and decorative features that are important in defining the overall historic character of the building.

Existing entrances in several locations at Wing 4 and Wing 5 will be enhanced. This design proposal endeavors to preserve the historic character of Building 1 by ensuring these secondary entries remain subordinate to the primary entry of Building 1 while simultaneously creating a unique identity that differentiates these enhancements from original historic features. Refer to Exterior Elevations, Kit-of-Parts Entrance Modules, and Perspective Renderings. (Pages

60-61,72,75-76)

Designing and constructing additional entrances or porches on secondary elevations when required for new use in a manner that preserves the historic character of the building.

New entrances are proposed in the Spine between Wing 4 and Wing 5 to accommodate new uses. The new entries will preserve the historic character of the Spine by providing a compatibility in size and scale and not obscuring, damaging, or destroying any character-defining features.

• The south facing entry of the Spine will augment the recent renovation in an attempt to stitch together the two different façade treatments on the Spine along this elevation. The historic features of this façade were entirely removed as part of the recent renovation project. Refer to Stitch diagram and Exterior Elevations. (Pages 20, 60-

61,72,75-76)

• The north facing entry of the Spine will replace non-bearing, non-character-defining concrete infill with a kit-of-parts entry module.

– The character-defining angled concrete beam at Level 4 will be preserved.

– This particular structural bay was intentionally chosen because character-defining concrete sun shade awnings do not exist at this location. Refer to Cross Section, Exterior Elevations, and Perspective Renderings. (Pages

62-66, 68-71, 74, 60-61,72,75-82)

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Identifying, retaining, and preserving structural systems and visible features of systems that are important in defining the overall historic character the building. This includes materials that comprise the structural system, the type of system, and it’s features, such as posts and beams.

The overall historic character of the building structure will remain. Columns and beams will remain in their entirety.

Select non-bearing walls and pan joist concrete slabs will be removed to accommodate new uses. However, this design proposal does not include modifications to any of the primary structural systems.

Repairing the structural system by augmenting individual components. For example, weakened structural members can be paired or sistered with a new member, braced, or otherwise supplemented and reinforced.

As mentioned previously in this section, and further discussed in the structural narrative, new structural bracing that

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Creating an atrium, light court, or lightwell to provide natural light when required for a new use only when it can be done in a manner that preserves the structural system and the historic character of the building.

Portions of the fourth floor of the Spine and fifth floor of Wing 5 are proposed to be removed. Refer to Cross Sections and Floor Plans. (Pages 68-70, 74, 93-100)

Research did not identify any significant historical events associated with the fourth floor (interior concrete slab) of the Spine between Wings 3/4 and Wings 5/6 or the fifth floor of Wing 5 and they are not considered character-defining features. By removing portions of the concrete floor slab, daylight will filter to interior spaces through the building’s clerestory, thus enhancing the original design intent. This gesture will not negatively impact the historic character of Building 1, structurally or otherwise. In fact, this selective removal will reveal more of the original building structure to the casual observer, showcasing the functionality of Building 1 historically. Refer to Cross Sections. (Pages 68-70 ,74)

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

Installing a new mechanical system, if required, so that it results in the least alteration possible to the historic building and it’s character defining features.

The new mechanical systems will utilize existing mechanical spaces and duct chases when available and appropriate.

Provide adequate structural support for the new mechanical equipment.

Adequate structural support will be provided.

Installing new mechanical and electrical systems and ducts, pipes, and cables in closets, service areas, and wall cavities to preserve the historic character of the interior space.

Historic character will be maintained when providing new mechanical and electrical systems.

Concealing HVAC ductwork in finished interior spaces, when possible, by installing it in secondary spaces, or in appropriately located, furred down soffits.

HVAC ductwork will be concealed in furred down soffits in Wing 4 and the spine. In Wing 5 a combination of furred down soffits and raised floor systems will be used. The clerestory plenum of Wing 4 will be re-purposed to route laboratory utilities. Refer to Cross Sections. (Pages 68-70, 74)

Installing exposed ductwork in a finished space when necessary to protect and preserve decorative or other features that is painted, and appropriately located so that it will have minimal impact on the historic character of the space.

Exposed mechanical features in laboratories or laboratory support space fits within the original function of the building.

Lowering ceilings, installing a dropped ceiling, or constructing soffits to conceal ductwork in a finished space when this will not result in extensive loss or damage to historic materials or decorative and other features, and will not change the overall character of the space or the exterior appearance to the building.

The raised floor in Wing 5 will emphasize historic features of the pan joist structure and allow it to be exposed.

INTERIOR SPACES, FEATURES, AND FINISHES

Identifying, retaining, and preserving a floor plan or interior spaces, features, and finishes that are important in defining the overall historic character of the building.

The interior environment and configuration of interior spaces will be significantly altered with the proposed design for Level 4 of Wing 5. However, the original concept of double-loaded corridors with offices on one side and laboratories on the other has been retained everywhere else. NIST operations require primarily open office functions and collaborative work areas on Level 4 of Wing 5. This change of use will ensure continued use and maintenance of the building and does not impact the exterior of the building.