Basic Scientific Research
Active
- Assistance listing
- 12.431
- Agency
-
Department of the Army
Department of Defense
- Grant awards
- 14,437 $10,432,296,875 in federal obligations
Program facts
- Assistance types
-
- Project Grant
- Cooperative Agreement
- Block Grant
- Formula Grant
- Treasury account
-
- 21-2040-0-1-051
- More information
Program details come from SAM.gov Assistance Listings. Updated . Grant award figures come from USAspending.gov.
About this program
The Department of the Army administers Basic Scientific Research (CFDA 12.431), a long-standing program that funds fundamental science in chemical, life, physical, engineering, materials, mechanical, computing, information, network, mathematical, earth, and social sciences aligned with Army national security interests, with the most recent grant award made November 30, 2026.
The program has maintained steady activity over the past five years, awarding between 437 and 580 grants annually; 2026 saw 434 awards through November. Since inception in 1995, the program has distributed 14,437 total grants worth $10.43 billion in federal obligations. Recent awards span quantum computing and superconducting qubit research, advanced materials including AlGaN power switching transistors and altermagnetic topologies, AI and autonomous systems, photonics and metamaterials, biological systems engineering, and energy-dense battery technology. Award sizes range widely: recent examples include $10,000 for a conference proposal on quantum materials entanglement, $56,313 for basal ganglia policy-gating research, $1.3 million for quantum computing protocols, and a $9.86 million institutional capacity-building grant in applied artificial intelligence.
The portfolio is dominated by Project Grants (80 percent of awards, 11,544 total) with a substantial Cooperative Agreement component (20 percent, 2,818 awards). Funding concentration is pronounced: the Department of the Army accounts for 9,276 awards ($5.07 billion in federal dollars), and the Department of the Army Materiel Command Research Development and Engineering Command accounts for 4,743 awards ($4.83 billion). Together these two entities represent the vast majority of award activity. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and Army Contracting Command Aberdeen Proving Ground contribute smaller shares.
The program operates through a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) mechanism. ARO strongly encourages preliminary contact with technical points of contact before proposal submission; the office receives several hundred proposals annually and funds only a limited fraction. Proposals are reviewed for scientific merit, military relevance, and cost realism, with notification typically made within six months of submission and awards within three months of notification. Eligible applicants include institutions of higher education, nonprofits, state and local governments, foreign organizations, and for-profit firms; individuals are not eligible. Preferred proposal duration is three years with severable annual units; maximum acceptable period is five years.
Open opportunities include the FY27 DoD Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI) administered by Army Materiel Command (due April 9, 2027), restricted to U.S. universities with degree-granting science or engineering programs. The FY27 Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) (due November 6, 2026) funds research equipment acquisition at accredited U.S. institutions of higher education. The FY26 Defense Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (DEPSCoR) Research Collaboration opportunity (due April 5, 2027), awarded by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, supports new DoD researchers in eligible states through up to $600,000 over three years. Multiple other research-focused BAAs and specialized topic competitions remain open with deadlines spanning through 2030.
Objective and description
- Objective
To support basic research, and enhance fundamental knowledge in the chemical, life, physical, engineering, materials, mechanical, computing, information, network, mathematical, earth, and social sciences, related to long-term national security needs.
- Description
The goal of the awards against this listing is to pursue high-risk, high-payoff ideas in basic science, to discover, innovate, and transition science and technology to ensure dominant strategic land power, now and into the future.
Eligibility
- Applicant eligibility
Eligible applicants under this BAA include institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, state and local governments, foreign organizations, foreign public entities, and for-profit organizations (i.e. large and small businesses). Awards will not be made to individuals.
- Beneficiary eligibility
Investigators and resulting awardees.
- Uses of assistance
Basic Research in the mathematical, physical, engineering, biological and geosciences providing knowledge necessary for the Army to make informed decisions about further exploratory development to provide the technology base from which Army capabilities are drawn. Partial support of symposia in the listed disciplines. Programs to encourage careers in science and engineering by supporting outstanding graduate, undergraduate and high school students pursuing studies in areas of Army concern. Programs to increase the number of science and engineering graduates from under-represented minority groups. Programs providing means for universities to buy major, high-cost research equipment.
- Use restrictions
If there are funding restrictions it will be included in the particular funding announcements, other than included there are no other funding restrictions associated with the Funding opportunity announcement (e.g. direct costs, indirect costs, etc.).
- Length and time phasing of assistance
The length of time for which support is requested should be consistent with the nature and complexity of the proposed research. It is preferred that proposals submitted cover a three year period with each year proposed as a severable unit. The maximum period acceptable for a research proposal is five years.
How to apply
- Preapplication coordination
Interested applicants are strongly encouraged to make a preliminary inquiry by first contacting the ARL Technical Point of Contact (TPOC) to discuss your ideas and the interests of ARL. ARL receives several hundred research proposals annually and is able to provide support for only a limited number of the 20 proposals received. ARL realizes the preparation of a research proposal often represents a substantial investment of time and effort by the applicant. Therefore, in an attempt to minimize this burden, ARL TPOCs are available to discuss the general need for the type of research effort contemplated and availability of funding before an interested applicant expends extensive effort in preparing a whitepaper or full proposal. The TPOC names, telephone numbers, and email addresses are listed with each research Topic at the ARL BAA topics website, https://arl.devcom.army.mil/opportunities/arl-baa/ , and they should be contacted, as appropriate, prior to the submission of whitepapers or proposals. *NOTE: The Government will not be obligated by any discussion that arises out of preliminary inquiries. Prospective proposers are strongly encouraged to submit whitepapers prior to the submission of a complete, more detailed proposal. Whitepapers are not full proposals and are meant to provide the ARL TPOC with enough information to determine if there is interest on the part of ARL to receive a full proposal. See Broad Agency Announcement.
- Criteria for selecting proposals
i. The overall scientific and/or technical merits of the proposal. ii. The potential contributions of the effort to the Army mission and the extent to which the research effort will contribute to balancing the overall Army research program. iii. The qualifications, capabilities, and experience of the proposed PI, team leader, or other key personnel who are critical to achievement of the proposed objectives.
- Award procedure
Upon receipt of a proposal, the ARO scientific staff will perform an initial review of its scientific merit and potential contribution to the Army mission and also determine if funds are expected to be available for the effort. Proposals not considered to have sufficient scientific merit or relevance to the Army's needs or those in areas for which funds are not expected to be available may be declined without further review. Proposals not declined as a result of the initial review may be subject to an extensive peer review by highly qualified scientists from within the government and leading scientists and other preeminent experts outside the government. Each proposal will be evaluated based on the evaluation factors specified in the particular announcement. An example of evaluation criteria include: (1) overall scientific and/or technical merits; (2) military and program relevance; (3) capabilities, related experience, facilities, techniques or unique combinations of these; (4) qualifications, capabilities and experience of the proposed principal investigator, team leader or other key personnel; and reasonableness and realism of proposed costs. If selected for award, the proposal is incorporated into a grant document and the awardee agrees to perform the research described therein.
- Time to approval or disapproval
Formal proposals are normally reviewed and notification made within six months from submission. Grant awards are usually made within three months from notification.
- Renewals
Once a grant is awarded, any follow-on research proposal is treated as a new request. Follow-on work should allow for the review time noted in the "award procedure" above.
Grant opportunities
Show 40 more
Latest 50 listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.
Grant awards
Latest 10 of 14,437 listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.
Top recipients by federal obligations
| Rank | Recipient | Federal obligations | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | $311,150,898 | 3% |
| 2 | University Of Maryland, College Park | $306,940,354 | 3% |
| 3 | General Dynamics Robotic Systems Inc. | $265,673,804 | 3% |
| 4 | University Of California, Santa Barbara | $175,773,093 | 2% |
| 5 | Arizona State University | $175,054,484 | 2% |
| 6 | University Of Southern California | $172,380,957 | 2% |
| 7 | Duke University | $146,101,328 | 1% |
| 8 | Regents Of The University Of Michigan | $144,189,836 | 1% |
| 9 | University Of Wisconsin System | $139,066,812 | 1% |
| 10 | Carnegie-Mellon University | $136,721,737 | 1% |
10 of 1,309 recipients listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.
Federal obligations by fiscal year
| Fiscal year | Federal obligations |
|---|---|
| FY2026 | $419,757,889 |
| FY2025 | $558,694,087 |
| FY2024 | $540,685,629 |
| FY2023 | $646,072,230 |
| FY2022 | $567,005,987 |
| FY2021 | $534,681,912 |
| FY2020 | $467,851,047 |
| FY2019 | $435,856,831 |
| FY2018 | $428,162,543 |
| FY2017 | $441,814,828 |
| FY2016 | $475,792,677 |
| FY2015 | $490,477,628 |
| FY2014 | $516,691,867 |
| FY2013 | $378,193,444 |
| FY2012 | $352,722,844 |
| FY2011 | $392,207,195 |
| FY2010 | $492,878,656 |
| FY2009 | $406,722,002 |
| FY2008 | $390,137,885 |
| FY2007 | $258,421,438 |
| FY2006 | $200,115,713 |
| FY2005 | $239,591,736 |
| FY2004 | $204,029,755 |
| FY2003 | $186,269,159 |
| FY2002 | $5,529,346 |
| FY2001 | $180,023,835 |
Show all 26
Quick answers
What is Assistance Listing 12.431?
Assistance Listing 12.431 is Basic Scientific Research, a federal grant program run by Department of the Army (Department of Defense).
What is the CFDA number for Basic Scientific Research?
Its CFDA number is 12.431: Assistance Listing numbers were called CFDA numbers before 2018.
How much funding has Assistance Listing 12.431 awarded?
14,437 grant awards under 12.431 have obligated $10,432,296,875 in federal funds to 1,309 recipients.
Who receives the most funding from 12.431?
The recipients obligated the most under Basic Scientific Research are Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ($311,150,898), University Of Maryland, College Park ($306,940,354) and General Dynamics Robotic Systems Inc. ($265,673,804).
How much did 12.431 obligate in fiscal year 2025?
Grants under 12.431 obligated $558,694,087 in federal funds in fiscal year 2025.
Are there open grant opportunities under 12.431?
11 of the latest 50 opportunities under 12.431 are open or forecasted. The latest, Fiscal Year (FY) 2027 Department of War (DoW) Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI), was posted on September 21, 2026.
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