Basic Scientific Research

Active

Assistance listing
12.431
Agency
Grant awards
14,437 $10,432,296,875 in federal obligations

Program facts

Assistance types
  • Project Grant
  • Cooperative Agreement
  • Block Grant
  • Formula Grant
Treasury account
  • 21-2040-0-1-051
More information

Program details come from SAM.gov Assistance Listings. Updated . Grant award figures come from USAspending.gov.

About this program

The Department of the Army administers Basic Scientific Research (CFDA 12.431), a long-standing program that funds fundamental science in chemical, life, physical, engineering, materials, mechanical, computing, information, network, mathematical, earth, and social sciences aligned with Army national security interests, with the most recent grant award made November 30, 2026.

The program has maintained steady activity over the past five years, awarding between 437 and 580 grants annually; 2026 saw 434 awards through November. Since inception in 1995, the program has distributed 14,437 total grants worth $10.43 billion in federal obligations. Recent awards span quantum computing and superconducting qubit research, advanced materials including AlGaN power switching transistors and altermagnetic topologies, AI and autonomous systems, photonics and metamaterials, biological systems engineering, and energy-dense battery technology. Award sizes range widely: recent examples include $10,000 for a conference proposal on quantum materials entanglement, $56,313 for basal ganglia policy-gating research, $1.3 million for quantum computing protocols, and a $9.86 million institutional capacity-building grant in applied artificial intelligence.

The portfolio is dominated by Project Grants (80 percent of awards, 11,544 total) with a substantial Cooperative Agreement component (20 percent, 2,818 awards). Funding concentration is pronounced: the Department of the Army accounts for 9,276 awards ($5.07 billion in federal dollars), and the Department of the Army Materiel Command Research Development and Engineering Command accounts for 4,743 awards ($4.83 billion). Together these two entities represent the vast majority of award activity. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and Army Contracting Command Aberdeen Proving Ground contribute smaller shares.

The program operates through a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) mechanism. ARO strongly encourages preliminary contact with technical points of contact before proposal submission; the office receives several hundred proposals annually and funds only a limited fraction. Proposals are reviewed for scientific merit, military relevance, and cost realism, with notification typically made within six months of submission and awards within three months of notification. Eligible applicants include institutions of higher education, nonprofits, state and local governments, foreign organizations, and for-profit firms; individuals are not eligible. Preferred proposal duration is three years with severable annual units; maximum acceptable period is five years.

Open opportunities include the FY27 DoD Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI) administered by Army Materiel Command (due April 9, 2027), restricted to U.S. universities with degree-granting science or engineering programs. The FY27 Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) (due November 6, 2026) funds research equipment acquisition at accredited U.S. institutions of higher education. The FY26 Defense Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (DEPSCoR) Research Collaboration opportunity (due April 5, 2027), awarded by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, supports new DoD researchers in eligible states through up to $600,000 over three years. Multiple other research-focused BAAs and specialized topic competitions remain open with deadlines spanning through 2030.

Objective and description

Objective

To support basic research, and enhance fundamental knowledge in the chemical, life, physical, engineering, materials, mechanical, computing, information, network, mathematical, earth, and social sciences, related to long-term national security needs.

Description

The goal of the awards against this listing is to pursue high-risk, high-payoff ideas in basic science, to discover, innovate, and transition science and technology to ensure dominant strategic land power, now and into the future.

Eligibility

Applicant eligibility

Eligible applicants under this BAA include institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, state and local governments, foreign organizations, foreign public entities, and for-profit organizations (i.e. large and small businesses). Awards will not be made to individuals.

Beneficiary eligibility

Investigators and resulting awardees.

Uses of assistance

Basic Research in the mathematical, physical, engineering, biological and geosciences providing knowledge necessary for the Army to make informed decisions about further exploratory development to provide the technology base from which Army capabilities are drawn. Partial support of symposia in the listed disciplines. Programs to encourage careers in science and engineering by supporting outstanding graduate, undergraduate and high school students pursuing studies in areas of Army concern. Programs to increase the number of science and engineering graduates from under-represented minority groups. Programs providing means for universities to buy major, high-cost research equipment.

Use restrictions

If there are funding restrictions it will be included in the particular funding announcements, other than included there are no other funding restrictions associated with the Funding opportunity announcement (e.g. direct costs, indirect costs, etc.).

Length and time phasing of assistance

The length of time for which support is requested should be consistent with the nature and complexity of the proposed research. It is preferred that proposals submitted cover a three year period with each year proposed as a severable unit. The maximum period acceptable for a research proposal is five years.

How to apply

Preapplication coordination

Interested applicants are strongly encouraged to make a preliminary inquiry by first contacting the ARL Technical Point of Contact (TPOC) to discuss your ideas and the interests of ARL. ARL receives several hundred research proposals annually and is able to provide support for only a limited number of the 20 proposals received. ARL realizes the preparation of a research proposal often represents a substantial investment of time and effort by the applicant. Therefore, in an attempt to minimize this burden, ARL TPOCs are available to discuss the general need for the type of research effort contemplated and availability of funding before an interested applicant expends extensive effort in preparing a whitepaper or full proposal. The TPOC names, telephone numbers, and email addresses are listed with each research Topic at the ARL BAA topics website, https://arl.devcom.army.mil/opportunities/arl-baa/ , and they should be contacted, as appropriate, prior to the submission of whitepapers or proposals. *NOTE: The Government will not be obligated by any discussion that arises out of preliminary inquiries. Prospective proposers are strongly encouraged to submit whitepapers prior to the submission of a complete, more detailed proposal. Whitepapers are not full proposals and are meant to provide the ARL TPOC with enough information to determine if there is interest on the part of ARL to receive a full proposal. See Broad Agency Announcement.

Criteria for selecting proposals

i. The overall scientific and/or technical merits of the proposal. ii. The potential contributions of the effort to the Army mission and the extent to which the research effort will contribute to balancing the overall Army research program. iii. The qualifications, capabilities, and experience of the proposed PI, team leader, or other key personnel who are critical to achievement of the proposed objectives.

Award procedure

Upon receipt of a proposal, the ARO scientific staff will perform an initial review of its scientific merit and potential contribution to the Army mission and also determine if funds are expected to be available for the effort. Proposals not considered to have sufficient scientific merit or relevance to the Army's needs or those in areas for which funds are not expected to be available may be declined without further review. Proposals not declined as a result of the initial review may be subject to an extensive peer review by highly qualified scientists from within the government and leading scientists and other preeminent experts outside the government. Each proposal will be evaluated based on the evaluation factors specified in the particular announcement. An example of evaluation criteria include: (1) overall scientific and/or technical merits; (2) military and program relevance; (3) capabilities, related experience, facilities, techniques or unique combinations of these; (4) qualifications, capabilities and experience of the proposed principal investigator, team leader or other key personnel; and reasonableness and realism of proposed costs. If selected for award, the proposal is incorporated into a grant document and the awardee agrees to perform the research described therein.

Time to approval or disapproval

Formal proposals are normally reviewed and notification made within six months from submission. Grant awards are usually made within three months from notification.

Renewals

Once a grant is awarded, any follow-on research proposal is treated as a new request. Follow-on work should allow for the review time noted in the "award procedure" above.

Grant opportunities

Opportunity Status Posted Applications due
Fiscal Year (FY) 2027 Department of War (DoW) Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI) W911NF26S1000 Open
FY26 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) - RESEARCH COLLABORATION (RC) NOFOAFRLAFOSR20260004 Open
FY26 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) CAPACITY BUILDING (CB) NOFOAFRLAFOSR20260003 Open
Fiscal Year (FY) 2027 Department of War (DoW) Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) W911NF26S0095 Open
Request for information - mutually beneficial multidisciplinary innovation ecosystems RFI-HC-26-01-MBMIE Closed
Request for Information Trusted Partner Program DEVCOM-ARL-RFI-TPP Closed
US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Broad Agency Announcement W911QY25R0023 Open
Staff Research Program W911NF25S0007 Open
Quantum Characterization, Calibration, and Control (QC3) W911NF25S0002 Closed
Broad Agency Announcement for Fundamental AI Research W519TC-25-S-0001 Forecasted —
Fiscal Year (FY) 2026 Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI) Department of Defense Army W911NF25S0004 Closed
Department of Army:Fiscal Year 2026 Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) W911NF25S0003 Closed
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences Broad Agency Announcement for Basic Research (Fiscal Year 2026) W911NF25S0006 Closed
Request for Information - University Partnership Models DEVCOM-ARL-RFI-25-01 Past —
Department of Army Energetics Basic Research Center (EBRC) Fiscal Year 2025 W911NF-25-S-0001 Closed
Army applications lab broad agency announcement for disruptive applications W911NF-24-S-0008 Open
FY24 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) - RESEARCH COLLABORATION (RC) FOAAFRLAFOSR20240007 Closed
FY24 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) CAPACITY BUILDING (CB) FOAAFRLAFOSR20240006 Closed
Department of Army:FY25 Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI) W911NF24S0006 Closed
W911NF-23-S-0001 SPECIAL NOTICE - Distributed Analytics in Tactical Networks W911NF23S0001-SPECIALNOTICE-DATN Closed
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences Broad Agency Announcement for Basic Research (Fiscal Year 2025) W911NF24S0005 Closed
DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory BROAD AGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT FOR TRAPPED IONS & NEUTRAL ATOMS QUANTUM COMPUTING (TINA QC) W911NF24S0004 Closed
DEVCOM ARL HBCU/MI Research Partnerships W911NF24S0002 Closed
Department of Army: FY25 Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) W911NF24S0001 Closed
Request for Information (RFI): Community Influence on Human Judgment During Information Processing Tasks DEVCOM-ARL-RFI-24-01-HC Past —
Foundations of superconducting digital logic (fsdl) W911NF-23-S-0012 Closed
FY23 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) - CAPACITY BUILDING (CB) FOA-AFRL-AFOSR-2023-0007 Closed
FY23 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) - RESEARCH COLLABORATION (RC) FOA-AFRL-AFOSR-2023-0008 Closed
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences Broad Agency Announcement for Basic Research (Fiscal Year 2024) W911NF-23-S-0009 Closed
Fiscal Year (FY) 2024 Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI)- Army Submission W911NF-23-S-0005 Closed
THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DoD) FISCAL YEAR 2024 DEFENSE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM (DURIP)- ARMY SUBMISSION W911NF-23-S-0006 Closed
BROAD AGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT FOR Entangled Logical Qubits (ELQ) W911NF-23-S-0004 Closed
Devcom analysis center broad agency announcement for applied research W911NF-23-S-0003 Open
Devcom army research laboratory broad agency announcement for foundational research W911NF-23-S-0001 Open
Minerva Research Initiatve HQ0034NFOEASD07 Closed
Minerva Research Initiative's (Minerva) Defense Education and Civilian University Research (DECUR) Partnership HQ003422NFOEASD04 Closed
University Day - Proposals and Virtual Pitches Required FA8651-22-S-0001CALL01 Closed
FY22 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) - RESEARCH COLLABORATION (RC) FOA-AFRL-AFOSR-2022-0006 Closed
FY22 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) - CAPACITY BUILDING (CB) FOA-AFRL-AFOSR-2022-0007 Closed
Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Department of Defense Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI)- Army Submission W911NF-22-S-0007 Closed
THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DoD) FISCAL YEAR 2023 DEFENSE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM (DURIP)- ARMY SUBMISSION W911NF-22-S-0008 Closed
QUANTUM COMPUTING in the SOLID STATE with SPIN and SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEMS (QC-S5) W911NF-22-S-0006 Closed
Advanced Graphic Intelligence Logical Computing Environment (AGILE) W911NF-22-S-0001 Closed
Targeted Evaluation of Ionizing Radiation Exposure (TEI-REX) W911NF-22-S-0002 Closed
Human-Guided Machine Learning W911NF-17-S-0003-SN-MACHINE-LEARNING Closed
Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) Cell Array Assembly Research W911NF-17-S-0003-SPECIALNOTICE-TPV-CELL Closed
FY21 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) - RESEARCH COLLABORATION (RC) FOA-AFRL-AFOSR-2021-0007 Closed
FY21 DEFENSE ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE RESEARCH (DEPSCoR) - CAPACITY BUILDING (CB) FOA-AFRL-AFOSR-2021-0008 Closed
LPS Qubit Collaboratory (LQC) W911NF21S0009 Open
NEXT NEW AND EMERGING QUBIT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (nextNEQST) W911NF21S0010 Closed
Show 40 more

Latest 50 listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.

Grant awards

Award Recipient Federal obligations Awarded
A biological architecture for policy gating and credit assignment in the basal ganglia W911NF261A321 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology $56,313
New cooperative agreement title: equation of state inference via physics-informed machine learning and multidimensional… W911NF262A186 Marquette University $105,000
New start cooperative agreement madmobs: machine-verified diversitty for mobile swarm cyber defense W911NF262A185 University Of Texas At Dallas $350,000
Design and demonstration of algan power switching transistors W911NF262A183 The Ohio State University $110,119
New start - from TLS fingerprints to fault tolerance: rapid QC^3 protocols for next-generation superconducting qubits W911NF261A292 University Of Wisconsin System $1,308,347
IDC knowledge systems: owning your own model: efficient and reliable model learning in physical environments W911NF261A329 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology $250,000
New start grant lifelong learning in long-duration missions via robotic foundation models W911NF261A332 The Regents Of The University Of California $150,000
Removal of metal analytes from wasterwater, leachates, and the environment W911NF262A123 Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Incorporated $131,315
Development of electromagnetic skins (metamaterial/metasurface, reconfigurable intelligent surface) for radar and… W911NF262A191 Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Incorporated $66,371
Millimeter-wave radar and monocular camera fusion for aerial slam W911NF262A188 Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Incorporated $49,756

Latest 10 of 14,437 listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.

Top recipients by federal obligations

Rank Recipient Federal obligations Share
1 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology $311,150,898 3%
2 University Of Maryland, College Park $306,940,354 3%
3 General Dynamics Robotic Systems Inc. $265,673,804 3%
4 University Of California, Santa Barbara $175,773,093 2%
5 Arizona State University $175,054,484 2%
6 University Of Southern California $172,380,957 2%
7 Duke University $146,101,328 1%
8 Regents Of The University Of Michigan $144,189,836 1%
9 University Of Wisconsin System $139,066,812 1%
10 Carnegie-Mellon University $136,721,737 1%

10 of 1,309 recipients listed here. See the rest on GovTribe.

Federal obligations by fiscal year

Fiscal year Federal obligations
FY2026 $419,757,889
FY2025 $558,694,087
FY2024 $540,685,629
FY2023 $646,072,230
FY2022 $567,005,987
FY2021 $534,681,912
FY2020 $467,851,047
FY2019 $435,856,831
FY2018 $428,162,543
FY2017 $441,814,828
FY2016 $475,792,677
FY2015 $490,477,628
FY2014 $516,691,867
FY2013 $378,193,444
FY2012 $352,722,844
FY2011 $392,207,195
FY2010 $492,878,656
FY2009 $406,722,002
FY2008 $390,137,885
FY2007 $258,421,438
FY2006 $200,115,713
FY2005 $239,591,736
FY2004 $204,029,755
FY2003 $186,269,159
FY2002 $5,529,346
FY2001 $180,023,835
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Quick answers

What is Assistance Listing 12.431?

Assistance Listing 12.431 is Basic Scientific Research, a federal grant program run by Department of the Army (Department of Defense).

What is the CFDA number for Basic Scientific Research?

Its CFDA number is 12.431: Assistance Listing numbers were called CFDA numbers before 2018.

How much funding has Assistance Listing 12.431 awarded?

14,437 grant awards under 12.431 have obligated $10,432,296,875 in federal funds to 1,309 recipients.

Who receives the most funding from 12.431?

The recipients obligated the most under Basic Scientific Research are Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ($311,150,898), University Of Maryland, College Park ($306,940,354) and General Dynamics Robotic Systems Inc. ($265,673,804).

How much did 12.431 obligate in fiscal year 2025?

Grants under 12.431 obligated $558,694,087 in federal funds in fiscal year 2025.

Are there open grant opportunities under 12.431?

11 of the latest 50 opportunities under 12.431 are open or forecasted. The latest, Fiscal Year (FY) 2027 Department of War (DoW) Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (MURI), was posted on September 21, 2026.

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