Complete_Specifications_Part_3.pdf

SELFRIDGE ANGB, MICHIGAN

Section 31 05 19 Page 1

SECTION 31 05 19

GEOTEXTILE

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 MEASUREMENT

Measure the as-built surface area, covered by geotextile, in square yards.

Allowance will be made for geotextile in anchor and/or drainage trenches but no allowance will be made for waste, overlaps, damaged materials, repairs, or materials used for the convenience of the Contractor.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM D4354 (1999; R 2009) Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing

ASTM D4355 (2007) Deterioration of Geotextiles from Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus

ASTM D4491 (1999a; R 2009) Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity

ASTM D4533 (2011) Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles

ASTM D4632 (2008) Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of Geotextiles

ASTM D4751 (2004) Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile

ASTM D4759 (2011) Determining the Specification Conformance of Geosynthetics

ASTM D4833 (2007) Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related Products

ASTM D4873 (2002; R 2009) Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for Contractor Quality Control

Section 31 05 19 Page 2 approval. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL

PROCEDURES:

SD-03 Product Data

Thread Manufacturing Quality Control Sampling and Testing

SD-04 Samples

Quality Assurance Samples and Tests; G

SD-07 Certificates

Geotextile

1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Deliver, store, and handle geotextile in accordance with ASTM D4873.

1.4.1 Delivery

Notify the Contracting Officer a minimum of 24 hours prior to delivery and unloading of geotextile rolls packaged in an opaque, waterproof, protective plastic wrapping. The plastic wrapping shall not be removed until deployment. If quality assurance samples are collected, immediately rewrap rolls with the plastic wrapping. Geotextile or plastic wrapping damaged during storage or handling shall be repaired or replaced, as directed.

Label each roll with the manufacturer's name, geotextile type, roll number, roll dimensions (length, width, gross weight), and date manufactured.

1.4.2 Storage

Protect rolls of geotextile from construction equipment, chemicals, sparks and flames, temperatures in excess of 160 degrees F, or any other environmental condition that may damage the physical properties of the geotextile. To protect geotextile from becoming saturated, either elevate rolls off the ground or place them on a sacrificial sheet of plastic in an area where water will not accumulate.

1.4.3 Handling

Handle and unload geotextile rolls with load carrying straps, a fork lift with a stinger bar, or an axial bar assembly. Rolls shall not be dragged along the ground, lifted by one end, or dropped to the ground.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 RAW MATERIALS

2.1.1 Geotextile

Provide geotextile that is a nonwoven pervious sheet of polymeric material consisting of long-chain synthetic polymers composed of at least 95 percent by weight polyolefins, polyesters, or polyamides. The use of woven slit film geotextiles (i.e. geotextiles made from yarns of a flat, tape-like

Section 31 05 19 Page 3 character) will not be allowed. Add stabilizers and/or inhibitors to the base polymer, as needed, to make the filaments resistant to deterioration by ultraviolet light, oxidation, and heat exposure. Regrind material, which consists of edge trimmings and other scraps that have never reached the consumer, may be used to produce the geotextile. Post-consumer recycled material shall not be used. Geotextile shall be formed into a network such that the filaments or yarns retain dimensional stability relative to each other, including the edges. Geotextiles shall meet the requirements specified in Table 1. Where applicable, Table 1 property values represent minimum average roll values (MARV) in the weakest principal direction.

Values for AOS represent maximum average roll values.

TABLE 1

MINIMUM PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GEOTEXTILE FABRIC

PROPERTY UNITS ACCEPTABLE VALUES TEST METHOD

GRAB STRENGTH LBS 180 ASTM D4632

SEAM STRENGTH LBS 180 ASTM D4632

PUNCTURE LBS 80 ASTM D4833

TRAPEZOID TEAR LBS 70 ASTM D4533

APPARENT OPENING SIZE

SOIL WITH 50% OR LESS

PASSING

NO. 200 SIEVE

US SIEVE 30 ASTM D4751

SOIL WITH 50% OR

GREATER PASSING NO.

200 SIEVE

US SIEVE 50 ASTM D4751

PERMITTIVITY SEC -1 2.0 ASTM D4491

ULTRAVIOLET

DEGRADATION PERCENT 50 AT 500 HRS ASTM D4355

2.1.2 Thread

Construct sewn seams with high-strength polyester, nylon, or other approved thread type. Thread shall have ultraviolet light stability equivalent to the geotextile and the color shall contrast with the geotextile.

2.2 MANUFACTURING QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLING AND TESTING

The Manufacturer is responsible for establishing and maintaining a quality control program to assure compliance with the requirements of the specification. Documentation describing the quality control program shall be made available upon request. Perform manufacturing quality control sampling and testing in accordance with the manufacturer's approved quality control manual. As a minimum, geotextiles shall be randomly sampled for testing in accordance with ASTM D4354, Procedure A. Acceptance of geotextile shall be in accordance with ASTM D4759. Tests not meeting the specified requirements will result in the rejection of applicable rolls.

Section 31 05 19 Page 4

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE SAMPLES AND TESTS

3.1.1 Quality Assurance Samples

Provide assistance to the Contracting Officer in the collection of quality assurance samples. Collect samples upon delivery to the site at the request of the Contracting Officer. Identify samples with a waterproof marker by manufacturer's name, product identification, lot number, roll number, and machine direction. The date and a unique sample number shall also be noted on the sample. Discard the outer layer of the geotextile roll prior to sampling a roll. Samples shall then be collected by cutting the full-width of the geotextile sheet a minimum of 3 feet long in the machine direction.

Rolls which are sampled shall be immediately resealed in their protective covering.

3.1.2 Quality Assurance Tests

At the request of the Contracting Officer the Contractor shall provide quality assurance samples to an Independent Laboratory. Samples will be tested to verify that geotextile meets the requirements specified in Table

1. Test method ASTM D4355 shall not be performed on the collected samples.

Geotextile product acceptance shall be based on ASTM D4759. Tests not meeting the specified requirements will result in the rejection of applicable rolls.

3.2 INSTALLATION

3.2.1 Subgrade Preparation

The surface underlying the geotextile shall be smooth and free of ruts or protrusions which could damage the geotextile. Subgrade materials and compaction requirements shall be in accordance with Section 31 23 00.00 20

EXCAVATION AND FILL.

3.2.2 Placement

Notify the Contracting Officer a minimum of 24 hours prior to installation of geotextile. Geotextile rolls which are damaged or contain imperfections shall be repaired or replaced as directed. The geotextile shall be laid flat and smooth so that it is in direct contact with the subgrade. The geotextile shall also be free of tensile stresses, folds, and wrinkles. On slopes steeper than 10 horizontal on 1 vertical, lay the geotextile with the machine direction of the fabric parallel to the slope direction.

3.3 SEAMS

3.3.1 Overlap Seams

Continuously overlap geotextile panels a minimum of 12 inches at all longitudinal and transverse joints. Where seams must be oriented across the slope, lap the upper panel over the lower panel. If approved, sewn seams may be used instead of overlapped seams.

3.3.2 Sewn Seams

Section 31 05 19 Page 5

Factory and field seams shall be continuously sewn on all slopes steeper than 1 vertical on 4 horizontal The stitch type used shall be a 401 locking chain stitch or as recommended by the manufacturer. Seam strength shall meet the minimum requirements specified in Table 1. The thread at the end of each seam run shall be tied off to prevent unraveling. Skipped stitches or discontinuities shall be sewn with an extra line of stitching with a minimum of 18 inches of overlap.

3.4 PROTECTION

Protect the geotextile during installation from clogging, tears, and other damage. Damaged geotextile shall be repaired or replaced as directed. Use adequate ballast (e.g. sand bags) to prevent uplift by wind. The geotextile shall not be left uncovered for more than 7 days after installation.

3.5 REPAIRS

Repair torn or damaged geotextile. Clogged areas of geotextile shall be removed. Perform repairs by placing a patch of the same type of geotextile over the damaged area. The patch shall extend a minimum of 12 inches beyond the edge of the damaged area. Patches shall be continuously fastened using approved methods. The machine direction of the patch shall be aligned with the machine direction of the geotextile being repaired. Remove and replace geotextile rolls which cannot be repaired. Repairs shall be performed at no additional cost to the Government

3.6 PENETRATIONS

Construct engineered penetrations of the geotextile by methods recommended by the geotextile manufacturer.

3.7 COVERING

Do not cover geotextile prior to inspection and approval by the Contracting Officer. Place cover soil in a manner that prevents soil from entering the geotextile overlap zone, prevents tensile stress from being mobilized in the geotextile, and prevents wrinkles from folding over onto themselves. On side slopes, soil backfill shall be placed from the bottom of the slope upward. Cover soil shall not be dropped onto the geotextile from a height greater than 3 feet. No equipment shall be operated directly on top of the geotextile without approval of the Contracting Officer. Use equipment with ground pressures less than 7 psi to place the first lift over the geotextile. A minimum of 12 inches of soil shall be maintained between full-scale construction equipment and the geotextile. Cover soil material type, compaction, and testing requirements are described in Section 31 23

00.00 20 EXCAVATION AND FILL. Equipment placing cover soil shall not stop abruptly, make sharp turns, spin their wheels, or travel at speeds exceeding 5 mph.

-- End of Section --

31 10 00 1 SITE CLEARING

SECTION 31 10 00 - SITE CLEARING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Protecting existing vegetation to remain.

2. Removing existing vegetation.

3. Clearing and grubbing.

4. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil.

5. Removing above- and below-grade site improvements.

6. Disconnecting, capping or sealing, and removing site utilities or abandoning site utilities in place.

7. Temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures.

B. Related Sections:

1. Section 01 50 00, Construction Facilities and Temporary Controls, for temporary utility services, construction and support facilities, and security and protection facilities.

2. Section 01 57 00, Erosion and Sediment Control, for erosion control protection on the site.

3. Section 01 74 19, Construction Waste Management and Disposal, and Section 01 18 13, Sustainable Design Requirements, for additional LEED requirements.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Subsoil: All soil beneath the topsoil layer of the soil profile, and typified by the lack of organic matter and soil organisms.

B. Surface Soil: Soil that is present at the top layer of the existing soil profile at the Project site.

In undisturbed areas, the surface soil is typically topsoil; but in disturbed areas such as urban environments, the surface soil can be subsoil.

C. Topsoil: Top layer of the soil profile consisting of existing native surface topsoil or existing in-place surface soil and is the zone where plant roots grow. Its appearance is generally friable, pervious, and black or a darker shade of brown, gray, or red than underlying subsoil; reasonably free of subsoil, clay lumps, gravel, and other objects more than 2 inches (50 mm) in diameter;

and free of subsoil and weeds, roots, toxic materials, or other nonsoil materials.

31 10 00 2 SITE CLEARING

D. Plant-Protection Zone: Area surrounding individual trees, groups of trees, shrubs, or other vegetation to be protected during construction, and indicated on Drawings.

E. Tree-Protection Zone: Area surrounding individual trees or groups of trees to be protected during construction, and indicated on Drawings.

F. Vegetation: Trees, shrubs, groundcovers, grass, and other plants.

1.4 MATERIAL OWNERSHIP

A. Except for stripped topsoil and other materials indicated to be stockpiled or otherwise remain Government’s property, cleared materials shall become Contractor's property and shall be removed from Project site.

1.5 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Existing Conditions: Documentation of existing trees and plantings, adjoining construction, and site improvements that establishes preconstruction conditions that might be misconstrued as damage caused by site clearing.

1. Use sufficiently detailed photographs or videotape.

2. Include plans and notations to indicate specific wounds and damage conditions of each tree or other plants designated to remain.

B. Record Drawings: Identifying and accurately showing locations of capped utilities and other subsurface structural, electrical, and mechanical conditions.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site.

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during site-clearing operations.

1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without permission from Government and authorities having jurisdiction.

2. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by Government or authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Improvements on Adjoining Property: Authority for performing site clearing indicated on property adjoining Government's property will be obtained by Government before award of Contract.

1. Do not proceed with work on adjoining property until directed by Contracting Officer.

31 10 00 3 SITE CLEARING

C. Salvable Improvements: Carefully remove items indicated to be salvaged and store on Government's premises where indicated.

D. Utility Locator Service: Notify utility locator service for area where Project is located before site clearing.

E. Do not commence site clearing operations until temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control and plant-protection measures are in place.

F. The following practices are prohibited within protection zones:

1. Storage of construction materials, debris, or excavated material.

2. Parking vehicles or equipment.

3. Foot traffic.

4. Erection of sheds or structures.

5. Impoundment of water.

6. Excavation or other digging unless otherwise indicated.

7. Attachment of signs to or wrapping materials around trees or plants unless otherwise indicated.

G. Do not direct vehicle or equipment exhaust towards protection zones.

H. Prohibit heat sources, flames, ignition sources, and smoking within or near protection zones.

I. Soil Stripping, Handling, and Stockpiling: Perform only when the topsoil is dry or slightly moist.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Satisfactory Soil Material: Requirements for satisfactory soil material are specified in Section 31 20 00, Earthwork.

1. Obtain approved borrow soil material off-site when satisfactory soil material is not available on-site.

B. Antirust Coating: Fast-curing, lead- and chromate-free, self-curing, universal modified-alkyd primer complying with MPI #79, Alkyd Anticorrosive Metal Primer.

1. Use coating with a VOC content of 420 g/L (3.5 lb/gal.) or less when calculated according to 40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

31 10 00 4 SITE CLEARING

A. Protect and maintain benchmarks and survey control points from disturbance during construction.

B. Locate and clearly identify trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to remain or to be relocated. Flag each tree trunk at 54 inches (1372 mm) above the ground.

C. Protect existing site improvements to remain from damage during construction.

1. Restore damaged improvements to their original condition, as acceptable to Government.

3.2 TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL

A. Provide temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures to prevent soil erosion and discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways, according to erosion- and sedimentation-control Drawings, Section 01 57 00, Erosion and Sediment Control, and requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Verify that flows of water redirected from construction areas or generated by construction activity do not enter or cross protection zones.

C. Inspect, maintain, and repair erosion- and sedimentation-control measures during construction until permanent vegetation has been established.

D. Remove erosion and sedimentation controls and restore and stabilize areas disturbed during removal.

3.3 TREE AND PLANT PROTECTION

A. General: Protect trees and plants remaining on-site according to requirements in Section 01 57 00, Erosion and Sediment Control.

B. Repair or replace trees, shrubs, and other vegetation indicated to remain or be relocated that are damaged by construction operations, in a manner approved by Contracting Officer.

3.4 EXISTING UTILITIES

A. Government will arrange for disconnecting and sealing indicated utilities that serve existing structures before site clearing, when requested by Contractor.

1. Verify that utilities have been disconnected and capped before proceeding with site clearing.

B. Locate, identify, disconnect, and seal or cap utilities indicated to be removed or abandoned in place.

1. Arrange with utility companies to shut off indicated utilities.

2. Government will arrange to shut off indicated utilities when requested by Contractor.

31 10 00 5 SITE CLEARING

C. Locate, identify, and disconnect utilities indicated to be abandoned in place.

D. Interrupting Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Government or others unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated:

1. Notify Contracting Officer not less than 4 weeks in advance of proposed utility interruptions.

2. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Contracting Officer's written permission.

E. Excavate for and remove underground utilities indicated to be removed.

3.5 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

A. Remove obstructions, trees, shrubs, and other vegetation to permit installation of new construction.

1. Do not remove trees, shrubs, and other vegetation indicated to remain or to be relocated.

2. Grind down stumps and remove roots, obstructions, and debris to a depth of 18 inches

(450 mm) below exposed subgrade.

3. Use only hand methods for grubbing within protection zones.

4. Chip removed tree branches and stockpile in areas approved by Contracting Officer.

B. Fill depressions caused by clearing and grubbing operations with satisfactory soil material unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated.

1. Place fill material in horizontal layers not exceeding a loose depth of 8 inches (200 mm), and compact each layer to a density equal to adjacent original ground.

3.6 TOPSOIL STRIPPING

A. Remove sod and grass before stripping topsoil.

B. Strip topsoil to depth of 6 inches (150 mm) in a manner to prevent intermingling with underlying subsoil or other waste materials.

1. Remove subsoil and nonsoil materials from topsoil, including clay lumps, gravel, and other objects more than 2 inches (50 mm) in diameter; trash, debris, weeds, roots, and other waste materials.

C. Stockpile topsoil away from edge of excavations without intermixing with subsoil. Grade and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust and erosion by water.

1. Limit height of topsoil stockpiles to 72 inches (1800 mm).

2. Do not stockpile topsoil within protection zones.

3. Stockpile surplus topsoil to allow for respreading deeper topsoil.

31 10 00 6 SITE CLEARING

3.7 SITE IMPROVEMENTS

A. Remove existing above- and below-grade improvements as indicated and necessary to facilitate new construction.

B. Remove slabs, paving, curbs, gutters, and aggregate base as indicated.

1. Unless existing full-depth joints coincide with line of demolition, neatly saw-cut along line of existing pavement to remain before removing adjacent existing pavement. Saw-cut faces vertically.

2. Paint cut ends of steel reinforcement in concrete to remain with two coats of antirust coating, following coating manufacturer's written instructions. Keep paint off surfaces that will remain exposed.

3.8 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

A. Remove surplus soil material, unsuitable topsoil, obstructions, demolished materials, and waste materials including trash and debris as per Section 31 20 00, Earthwork.

B. Separate recyclable materials produced during site clearing from other nonrecyclable materials.

Store or stockpile without intermixing with other materials and transport them to recycling facilities. Do not interfere with other Project work.

END OF SECTION 31 10 00

31 20 00 1 EARTHWORK

SECTION 31 20 00 - EARTHWORK

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. This section covers the Work necessary to perform:

1. Water control.

2. Excavation.

3. Trench excavation.

4. Subgrade preparation.

5. Fill and backfill.

6. Trench backfill.

7. Grading.

B. The Work consists of furnishing all labor, materials and equipment necessary to accomplish the Work.

C. Related Sections:

1. Section 01 32 00, Construction Progress Schedules, for recording pre-excavation and earthwork progress.

2. Section 01 50 00, Construction Facilities and Temporary Controls, for temporary controls, utilities, and support facilities; also for temporary site fencing if not in another Section.

3. Section 01 57 00, Erosion and Sediment Control.

4. Section 02 61 00, Removal and Disposal of Contaminated Media, for earthwork within areas of concern.

5. Section 03 30 00, Cast-in-Place Concrete, for concrete mix design requirements, cement properties and concrete or controlled low strength material (CLSM) placement.

6. Divisions 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, and 33 Sections for installing underground mechanical and electrical utilities and buried mechanical and electrical structures as included in individual Delivery Order Requirements.

7. Section 31 10 00, Site Clearing, for site stripping, grubbing, stripping and stockpiling topsoil, and removal of above- and below-grade improvements and utilities.

8. Section 31 63 20, Deep Ground Improvement, for excavation, subgrade preparation and fill and backfill under structures footing and slab on grades.

9. Section 32 92 00, Turf and Grasses, for finish grading in turf and grass areas, including preparing and placing planting soil for turf areas.

31 20 00 2 EARTHWORK

1.3 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this section:

1. American National Standards Institute (ANSI): Z535.1, Safety Color Code.

2. American Public Works Association (APWA): Uniform Color Code for Tempo-rary Marking of Underground Utility Locations.

3. ASTM International (ASTM):

a. C33, Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.

b. C94/C94M, Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.

c. C117, Standard Test Method for Materials Finer Than 75-Micrometers

(No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing.

d. C136, Standard Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates.

e. C150, Standard Specification for Portland Cement.

f. C618, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural

Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete.

g. D75, Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates.

h. D1140, Standard Test Method for Amount of Material in Soils Finer than the No. 200 (75 micrometer) Sieve.

i. D1556, Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method.

j. D1557, Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Us-ing Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)).

k. D2487, Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Pur-poses (Unified Soil Classification System)

l. D3740, Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies En-gaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction.

m. D3776, Standard Test Method for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric.

n. D4253, Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit

Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table.

o. D4254, Standard Test Method for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density.

p. D4318, Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plastici-ty Index of Soils.

q. D4832, Standard Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled

Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders.

r. D4991, Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Contain-ers by Vacuum Method.

s. D5971, Test Method for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low Strength

Materials

t. D6023, Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield and Air Content of Controlled

Low Strength Materials.

u. D6103, Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled Low Strength Ma-terials.

v. D6938, Standard Test Methods for In-Place Density and Water Content of

Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).

31 20 00 3 EARTHWORK

w. E329 , Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspec-tion and/or Testing.

4. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Regulations and Stand-ards for Underground Construction, 29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart S, Underground Construction, and Subpart P, Excavations.

1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. Relative Compaction:

1. Ratio, in percent, of as-compacted field dry density to laboratory maximum dry density as determined in accordance with ASTM D1557.

2. Apply corrections for oversize material to either as-compacted field dry density or maximum dry density, as determined by Contracting Officer.

B. Optimum Moisture Content:

1. Determined in accordance with ASTM Standard specified to determine maximum dry density for relative compaction.

2. Determine field moisture content on basis of fraction passing 3/4-inch sieve.

C. Backfill: Soil material or controlled low-strength material used to fill an excavation.

D. Prepared Ground Surface: Ground surface after completion of required demolition, clearing and grubbing, scalping of sod, stripping of topsoil, excavation to grade, and subgrade preparation.

E. Base Course: Aggregate layer placed between the subgrade and asphalt or concrete pavement.

F. Bedding Course: Aggregate layer placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe.

G. Borrow Soil: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.

H. Drainage Course: Aggregate layer supporting the slab-on-grade that also minimizes upward capillary flow of pore water.

I. Completed Course: A course or layer that is ready for next layer or next phase of Work.

J. Lift: Loose (uncompacted) layer of material.

K. Geosynthetics: Geotextiles, geogrids, or geomembranes.

L. LL: Liquid limit.

M. PI: Plasticity index.

31 20 00 4 EARTHWORK

N. Well-Graded:

1. A mixture of particle sizes with no specific concentration or lack thereof of one or more sizes.

2. Does not define numerical value that must be placed on coefficient of uniformity, coefficient of curvature, or other specific grain size distribution parameters.

3. Used to define material type that, when compacted, produces a strong and relatively incompressible soil mass free from detrimental voids.

O. Influence Area: Area within planes sloped downward and outward at 60-degree angle from horizontal measured from:

1. 1 foot outside outermost edge at base of foundations or slabs.

2. 1 foot outside outermost edge at surface of roadways or shoulder.

3. 0.5 foot outside exterior at spring line of pipes or culverts.

P. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations and to lines and dimensions indicated.

1. Authorized Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions as directed by Contracting Officer. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for changes in the Work.

2. Bulk Excavation: Excavation more than 10 feet (3 m) in width and more than 30 feet (9 m) in length.

3. Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions without direction by Contracting Officer. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Contracting Officer, shall be without additional compensation.

Q. Site, Earth, or Embankment Material: Fill materials required to raise existing grade in areas other than under structures.

R. Structures: Buildings, footings, foundations, retaining walls, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below the ground surface.

S. Subgrade: Layer of existing soil after completion of clearing, grubbing, scalping of topsoil prior to placement of fill, roadway structure or load transfer blanket for floor slab or footings.

T. Utilities: On-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables, as well as underground services within buildings.

U. Imported Material: Materials obtained from sources offsite, suitable for specified use.

V. Structural Fill: Fill materials as required under structures, pavements, and other facilities.

W. Pipe Zone: Backfill zone that includes full trench width and extends from prepared trench bottom to an upper limit above top outside surface of pipe, conduit, cable or duct bank.

31 20 00 5 EARTHWORK

X. Prepared Trench Bottom: Graded trench bottom after excavation and installation of stabilization material, if required, but before installation of bedding material.

Y. Standard Specifications: When referenced in this section, shall mean Michigan Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Construction, 2003 or latest.

1.5 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of the following manufactured products required:

1. Geosynthetics.

2. Controlled low-strength material, including design mixture.

3. Manufacturer’s descriptive literature for marking tapes.

B. Samples:

1. Imported material taken at source.

2. Gradation curves for material taken at source.

3. Trench stabilization material.

4. Bedding course and pipe zone material.

5. Granular fill.

6. Drainage course.

7. Base course.

8. Site, earth, or embankment material.

9. Geosynthetics: 12 by 12 inches (300 by 300 mm).

10. Marking Tape: 12 inches (300 mm) long; of each color.

1.6 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Excavation Plan, Detailing:

1. Methods and sequencing of excavation.

2. Methods of excavation support and protection.

3. Proposed locations of stockpiled excavated material.

4. Proposed onsite and offsite spoil disposal sites.

5. Numbers, types, and sizes of equipment proposed to perform excavations.

6. Anticipated difficulties and proposed resolutions.

7. Reclamation of onsite spoil disposal areas.

B. Pre-excavation Photographs or Videotape: Show existing conditions of adjoining construction and site improvements, including finish surfaces, that might be misconstrued as damage caused by earthwork operations. Submit before earthwork begins.

C. Water Control Plan: Descriptions of proposed water control facilities including, but not limited to, equipment; methods; standby equipment and power supply, pollution control facilities and discharge locations to be utilized.

D. Qualification Data: For qualified independent testing agency.

31 20 00 6 EARTHWORK

E. Material Test Reports: For each on-site and borrow soil material proposed for fill and backfill as follows:

1. Name and location of the source of the material.

2. Gradation and classification according to ASTM C 136 and ASTM D 2487, respectively.

3. Laboratory compaction curve according to ASTM D 1557.

F. Catalog and manufacturer’s data sheets for compaction equipment.

G. Certified test results from independent testing agency. Testing equipment current/valid calibration certification shall be provided.

1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Provide adequate survey control to avoid unauthorized overexcavation.

B. Notify Contracting Officer when:

1. Subgrade is ready for compaction or whenever compaction is resumed after a period of extended inactivity.

2. Structure or tank is ready for backfilling, and whenever backfilling operations are resumed after a period of inactivity.

3. Soft or loose subgrade materials are encountered wherever embankment or site fill is to be placed.

4. Fill material appears to be deviating from Specifications.

C. Geotechnical Testing Agency Qualifications: Qualified according to ASTM E 329 and ASTM D 3740 for testing indicated.

D. Pre-excavation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site.

1.8 WEATHER LIMITATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Prepare subgrade when unfrozen and free of ice and snow.

B. Material excavated when frozen or when air temperature is less than 32 deg F shall not be used as fill or backfill until material completely thaws.

C. Material excavated during inclement weather shall not be used as fill or backfill until after material drains and dries sufficiently for proper compaction.

1.9 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during earthwork operations.

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1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without permission from Government and authorities having jurisdiction.

2. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by Government or authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Improvements on Adjoining Property: Authority for performing earthwork indicated on property adjoining Government's property will be obtained by Government before award of Contract.

1. Do not proceed with work on adjoining property until directed by Contracting Officer.

C. Utility Locator Service: Notify utility locator service for area where Project is located before beginning earthwork operations.

D. Do not commence earthwork operations until temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures, specified in Section 01 57 00, Erosion and Sediment Control, are in place.

E. Do not commence earthwork operations until plant-protection measures specified in Section 01 57 00, Erosion and Sediment Control, are in place.

F. The following practices are prohibited within protection zones:

1. Storage of construction materials, debris, or excavated material.

2. Parking vehicles or equipment.

3. Foot traffic.

4. Erection of sheds or structures.

5. Impoundment of water.

6. Excavation or other digging unless otherwise indicated.

7. Attachment of signs to or wrapping materials around trees or plants unless otherwise indicated.

G. Do not direct vehicle or equipment exhaust towards protection zones.

H. Prohibit heat sources, flames, ignition sources, and smoking within or near protection zones.

1.10 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING

A. Excavation:

1. Clearing, Grubbing, and Stripping: Complete applicable Work specified in Section 31 10 00, Site Clearing, prior to excavating.

B. Subgrade Preparation: Complete applicable Work specified in Section 31 10 00, Site Clearing;

and excavation and dewatering related articles specified in this section prior to subgrade preparation.

C. Fill and Backfill, and Trench Backfill:

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1. Complete applicable Work specified in Section 31 10 00, Site Clearing; and excavation, dewatering and subgrade preparation related articles specified in this section, prior to placing fill or backfill.

2. Backfill against concrete structures only after concrete has attained compressive strength, specified in Section 03 30 00, Cast-in-Place Concrete. Obtain Contracting Officer acceptance of concrete work and attained strength prior to placing backfill.

3. Backfill around water-holding structures only after completion of satisfactory leakage tests as specified in Section 03 30 00, Cast-in-Place Concrete.

4. Do not place base course, granular fill, earthfill, load transfer blanket or surfacing until after subgrade has been prepared as specified in subgrade preparation related articles in this Section.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SOURCE OF QUALITY CONTROL

A. Gradation Tests: In accordance with ASTM C 136:

1. As necessary to locate acceptable sources of imported material.

2. Earthfill, including specified class.

3. During production of imported material, test as follows:

a. Granular Fill: One per 100 tons.

b. Sand: One per 100 tons.

c. Drainage Course: One per 100 tons.

d. Base Course: One per 100 tons.

e. Trench Stabilization Material: One per 100 tons.

f. Bedding and Pipe Zone Material: One per source.

B. Samples: Collected in accordance with ASTM D 75:

1. During production of imported material, provide Samples as follows:

a. Granular Fill: One per 100 tons.

b. Sand: One per 100 tons.

c. Granular Drain Material: One per 100 tons.

d. Base Course: One per 100 tons.

e. Trench Stabilization Rock: One per 100 tons.

f. Bedding and Pipe Zone Material: One per source.

2. Clearly mark to show source of material and intended use.

C. Certify Laboratory Performance of Mix Designs:

1. Controlled low strength material.

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2. Concrete.

D. Flow Test on CLSM: Perform test in accordance to ASTM D 6103. Perform one test at the point of discharge from the delivery truck for each placement.

E. Compressive Strength of CLSM: Perform test in accordance to ASTM D 4832. Perform a minimum of one test per day or per every 100 cubic yards of CLSM placed, whichever is more.

2.2 SOIL MATERIALS

A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations. No material shall be borrowed from on-base locations without the approval of 127wing environmental office. No excess borrow material shall be disposed of on site without prior approval of 127 wing environmental office.

B. Satisfactory Soils: Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, and SM according to ASTM D 2487 or a combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches (75 mm) in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter. Fill material from off-base shall be tested for the presence of Volatile Organic Constituents (VOCs), TCLP Metals and PCBs and Pesticides if the borrow source has been associated with farming activities. Testing results shall be tabulated and compared to the most current Michigan Part 201 unrestricted residential clean up criteria. If any exceedances of residential criteria occur the borrow source would not be acceptable for use at Selfridge. A certification from the borrow source location that the soils are free of any known environmental contamination shall be provided.

C. Unsatisfactory Soils: Soils that do not comply with the requirements for satisfactory soils. Soil Classification Groups GC, SC, CL, ML, OL, CH, MH, OH, and PT according to ASTM D 2487, or a combination of these groups.

1. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction.

2. Unsatisfactory soils also include contaminated soils. The Contracting Officer shall be notified when contaminated soils are encountered.

D. Base Course: As specified for Dense Graded Aggregates 21AA, 21A, 22A, in Section 302, of the Standard Specifications.

E. Granular Fill:

1. 1-inch minus crushed gravel or crushed rock.

2. Free from dirt, clay balls, and organic material.

3. Well-graded from coarse to fine and containing sufficient fines to bind material when compacted, but with maximum 8 percent by weight passing No. 200 sieve.

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F. Earthfill:

1. Excavated material from required excavations free from rocks larger than 3 inches, from roots and other organic matter, ashes, cinders, trash, debris, and other deleterious materials. Earthfill shall not have LL greater than 40 and PI greater than 20.

2. Material containing more than 10 percent gravel, stones, or shale particles is unacceptable.

3. Provide imported material of equivalent quality, if required to accomplish Work.

G. Drainage Course: Narrowly graded mixture of washed crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed gravel; ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 57; with 100 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch (37.5-mm) sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No. 8 (2.36-mm) sieve.

H. Sand: ASTM C 33; fine aggregate; free from clay, organic matter, or other deleterious material.

I. Trench Stabilization Material:

1. Base Rock:

a. Clean, hard, durable 3-inch minus crushed rock or gravel, or pit run, free from clay balls, other organic materials, or debris.

b. Uniformly graded from coarse to fine, less than 8 percent by weight passing the 1/4-inch sieve.

2. Granular Fill: As specified in “Soil Materials” Article, paragraph F.

J. Bedding Material and Pipe Zone Material:

1. Unfrozen, friable, and no clay balls, roots, or other organic material.

2. Clean or gravelly sand with less than 5 percent passing No. 200 sieve, as determined in accordance with ASTM D 1140, or gravel or crushed rock within maximum particle size and other requirements as follows unless otherwise specified.

a. Duct Banks: 3/4-inch maximum particle size.

b. PVC Irrigation System Piping and Ductile Iron Pipe with Polyethylene Wrap:

3/8-inch maximum particle size.

c. Pipe Under 18-Inch Diameter: 3/4-inch maximum particle size, except 1/4 inch for stainless steel pipe, copper pipe, tubing, and plastic pipe under 3-inch diameter.

d. Pipe Greater than 18-Inch Diameter: 1-1/2-inch maximum particle size for ductile iron pipe, concrete pipe, welded steel pipe, and pretensioned or prestressed concrete cylinder pipe.

e. Perforated Pipe: Drainage Course.

f. Conduit and Direct-Buried Cable:

1) Sand, clean or clean to silty, less than 12 percent passing No. 200 sieve.

2) Individual Particles: Free of sharp edges.

3) Maximum Size Particle: Pass a No. 4 sieve.

4) If more than 5 percent passes No. 200 sieve, the fraction that passes No. 40 sieve shall be nonplastic as determined in accordance with ASTM D 4318.

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2.3 WATER FOR MOISTURE CONDITIONING

A. Free of hazardous or toxic contaminates, or contaminants deleterious to proper compaction.

2.4 CONTROLLED LOW-STRENGTH MATERIAL

A. Controlled Low-Strength Material: Self-compacting, low-density, flowable concrete material produced from the following:

1. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, Type I or Type II.

2. Fly Ash (If Used): ASTM C 618, Class C.

3. Normal-Weight Aggregate: ASTM C 33, Size 7.

4. Foaming Agent: ASTM C 869.

5. Water: Clean, potable, containing less than 500 ppm of chlorides.

6. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C 260.

B. Produce low-density, controlled low-strength material with the following physical properties:

1. Compressive Strength: 150 psi (1035 kPa) to 250 psi (1725 kPa), when tested according to ASTM D 4832.

2. Minimum flow shall be 8 inches.

2.5 MARKING TAPE

A. Nondetectable (Plastic):

1. Inert polyethylene, impervious to known alkalis, acids, chemical reagents, and solvents likely to be encountered in soil.

2. Thickness: Minimum 4 mils.

3. Width: 6 inches.

4. Identifying Lettering: Minimum 1 inch high, permanent black lettering imprinted continuously over entire length.

5. Manufacturers and Products:

a. Reef Industries; Terra Tape.

b. Mutual Industries; Non-detectable Tape.

c. Presco; Non-detectable Tape.

B. Detectable (Metallic):

1. Solid aluminum foil, visible on unprinted side, encased in protective high visibility, inert polyethylene plastic jacket.

2. Foil Thickness: Minimum 0.35 mils.

3. Laminate Thickness: Minimum 5.5 mils.

4. Width: 6 inches.

5. Identifying Lettering: Minimum 1 inch high, permanent black lettering imprinted continuously over entire length.

6. Joining Clips: Tin or nickel-coated furnished by tape manufacturer.

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7. Manufacturers and Products:

a. Reef Industries; Terra Tape, Sentry Line Detectable.

b. Mutual Industries; Detectable Tape.

c. Presco; Detectable Tape.

C. Color: In accordance with APWA Uniform Color Code for Temporary Marking of Underground Facilities.

Colora Facility

Red Electric power lines, cables, conduit, and lightning cables

Orange Communicating alarm or signal lines, cables, or conduit

Yellow Gas, oil, steam, petroleum, or gaseous materials

Green Sewers and drain lines

Blue Water, irrigation, and slurry lines aAs specified in ANSI Z53.1, Safety Color Code.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

B. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls during earthwork operations.

C. Protect subgrades and foundation soils from freezing temperatures and frost. Remove temporary protection before placing subsequent materials.

3.2 WATER CONTROL

A. Prevent surface water and ground water from entering excavations, from ponding on prepared subgrades, and from flooding Project site and surrounding area.

B. Protect subgrades from softening, undermining, washout, and damage by rain or water accumulation.

C. Reroute surface water runoff away from excavated areas. Do not allow water to accumulate in excavations. Do not use excavated trenches as temporary drainage ditches.

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D. Accomplish water control without inducing settlement or damaging existing building, structures, and site improvements adjacent to excavation.

E. Disposal of Water:

1. Obtain discharge permit for water disposal from authorities having jurisdiction.

2. Discharge water as required by discharge permit and in manner that will not cause erosion or flooding, or otherwise damage existing facilities, completed Work, or adjacent property.

3. All discharges from water control activities to surface waters, wetlands or storm sewers shall be free of sediment. Care shall be taken not to damage or kill vegetation by excessive watering or by damaging silt accumulation in the discharge area. If discharges are sediment laden, techniques shall be employed to remove sediment prior to discharge.

A sedimentation basin shall be constructed and used as specified, where necessary, to protect vegetation and to achieve environmental objectives.

4. Dispose of groundwater from a contaminated Site in accordance with Section 02 61 00, Removal and Disposal of Contaminated Soil and as delineated in the Delivery Order Requirement.

3.3 EXCAVATION

A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavation is unclassified. Complete all excavation regardless of the type, nature, or condition of the materials encountered.

B. Excavate to lines, grades, and dimensions shown and as necessary to accomplish Work.

Excavate to within tolerance of plus or minus 0.1 foot, except where dimensions or grades are shown or specified as maximum or minimum. Allow for forms, working space, granular base, topsoil, and similar items, wherever applicable. Trim to neat lines where concrete is to be deposited against earth.

C. Do not overexcavate without written authorization of the Contracting Officer.

D. Remove or protect obstructions as shown and as specified in Section 01 50 00, Construction Facilities and Temporary Controls, “Protection of Work and Property” Article.

E. Provide adequate support to existing utilities within the excavation to prevent damage.

F. Use of explosives is prohibited.

G. Refer to Section 31 63 20, Deep Ground Improvement, for excavation under building slabs and footings (under deep ground improvement zone).

H. Trench Width:

1. Minimum Width of Trenches:

a. Single Pipes, Conduits, Direct-Buried Cables, and Duct Banks:

1) Less than 4-inch Outside Diameter or Width: 18 inches.

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2) Greater than 4-inch Outside Diameter or Width: 18 inches greater than outside diameter or width of pipe, conduit, direct-buried cable, or duct bank.

3) Multiple Pipes, Conduits, Cables, or Duct Banks in Single Trench:

18 inches greater than aggregate width of pipes, conduits, cables, duct banks, plus space between.

4) Increase trench widths by thicknesses of excavation support system used.

I. Pipe Bedding Grooves for Non-perforated Drain Lines:

1. Semicircular, trapezoidal, or 90-degree-V.

2. Excavated or plowed into trench bottom. Forming groove by compaction will not be acceptable.

J. Embankment and Cut Slopes:

1. Shape, trim, and finish cut slopes to conform with lines, grades, and cross-sections shown, with proper allowance for topsoil or slope protection, where shown.

2. Remove stones and rock that exceed 3-inch diameter and that are loose and may roll down slope. Remove exposed roots from cut slopes.

3. Round tops of cut slopes in soil to not less than a 6-foot radius, provided such rounding does not extend offsite or outside easements and rights-of-way, or adversely impacts existing facilities, adjacent property, or completed Work.

K. Stockpiling Excavated Material:

1. Stockpile excavated material that is suitable for use as fill or backfill in areas designated by the Contracting Officer until material is needed.

2. Post signs indicating proposed use of material stockpiled. Post signs that are readable from all directions of approach to each stockpile. Signs should be clearly worded and readable by equipment operators from their normal seated position.

3. Confine stockpiles to within easements, rights-of-way, and approved work areas. Do not obstruct roads or streets.

4. Do not…