Amendment_0007_Spec_Section_35_31_29.40.pdf

Contract 1: Reach 1 and 2, New Groins, Groin and Revetment Rehab LONGBEACH1

SECTION 35 31 29.40

STONE CONSTRUCTION

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

The work to be done under this section consists of providing all plant, labor, equipment, and materials in order to perform the following work:

- rehabilitate two (2) groins at Point Lookout (Groins 55 and 56),

- rehabilitate and extend Groin 58 at Point Lookout,

- rehabilitate of stone revetment connecting Groin 58 and existing revetment fronting the west shore of Jones Inlet to the north,

- rehabilitate fifteen (15) groins in the City of Long Beach (Groins 25, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44 and 47)

- construct four (4) new groins at Point Lookout (A, B, C, D).

All construction shall be in strict accordance with the drawings and specifications.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C127 (2007) Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

ASTM C535 (2009) Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine

ASTM D5312 (2004) Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Freezing and Thawing Conditions

ASTM D5313 (2004) Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Wetting and Drying Conditions

ASTM D5420 (2010) Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid Plastic Specimen by Means of a Strike Impacted by a Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 1

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

COE CRD-C 144 (1992) Standard Test Method for Resistance of Rock to Freezing and Thawing

COE CRD-C 148 (1969) Method of Testing Stone for Expansive Breakdown on Soaking in Ethylene Glycol

COE CRD-C 169 (1997) Standard Test Method for Resistance of Rock to Wetting and Drying

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00.00 18 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Location of staging areas ; G, RO Traffic Abatement and Control Plan ; G, RO Loading/Off-Loading Plan ; G, RO

SD-04 Samples

On-Site Examination of Quarry ; G, RO

SD-06 Test Reports

Stone Quality Test Results ; G, RO

SD-0-7 Certificates

Scale Accuracy Certification

SD-13 Records

Material Weight Receipts Barge Tonnage Displacement Table Surveys during Construction ; G, RO Surveys post-construction ; G, RO Quality Control Records

1.4 CONSTRUCTION FACILITY AND SAFETY

1.4.1 GENERAL

The CONTRACTOR shall furnish and maintain loading, unloading, hauling, drainage, and such stone handling equipment and facilities as may be necessary for conducting operations. A contractor's staging area will be required. A suggested location for the contractor's staging area is shown on the design drawings. The CONTRACTOR will be required to coordinate final location of this area with the CONTRACTING OFFICER. If the CONTRACTOR requires additional space, it will be secured at his own expense and coordinated with and approved by the landowners before use. A

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 2 copy of the agreement shall be provided to the CONTRACTING OFFICER.

Security for the construction and contractor's working area shall be provided by the CONTRACTOR, if he deems it necessary.

The CONTRACTOR will be solely responsible for site safety. The CONTRACTOR will provide appropriate measures to ensure that persons working in or near the construction area are protected.

The CONTRACTOR will be responsible for developing a traffic abatement and control plan, which will include the location of haul routes, as discussed in Section 01 57 20.00 10 , ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.

1.4.2 OFF-LOADING FACILITIES

The CONTRACTOR shall determine the means to receive material at the project site but will be subject to the approval of the CONTRACTING OFFICER prior to implementation. The CONTRACTOR will be responsible for ensuring that all navigable waterways adjacent to the site are not duly compromised or obstructed in conjunction with the receiving area.

The Contractor is responsible for coordinating with local agencies and the Coast guard and must submit an off-loading plan which will include a site plan, cross-sections, and profile view drawing for any temporary dock, pier, or wharf to be constructed to facilitate completion of the overall project, 14 days prior to the start of construction of any facility.

The CONTRACTOR is responsible for compliance with all U.S. Coast Guard regulations and will install and maintain any navigation aids required.

The CONTRACTOR is responsible for the protection of roads and utilities in the off-loading, hauling, and construction areas, and for coordinating this protection with local agencies and entities.

After completion of project, all wharves, slips or other facilities installed by CONTRACTOR in the receiving area shall be removed unless otherwise directed by the CONTRACTING OFFICER. All timbers, piles and miscellaneous debris from the demolition of these facilities shall be removed from the construction right-of-way. This material shall not be disposed of in the waters of the bays, creeks, or ocean.

The CONTRACTOR is responsible for any damage resulting from the construction of receiving facilities or resulting from his use of the facilities.

The CONTRACTOR shall obtain a release from the property owners where the off-loading facility is located and submit the release to the CONTRACTING OFFICER for review and approval.

1.4.3 CODES, ORDINANCES, AND STATUTES

The CONTRACTOR will familiarize himself with, and comply with, all applicable codes, ordinances, and statutes and bear sole responsibility for the penalties imposed for noncompliance.

1.6 QUALITY CONTROL

The CONTRACTOR shall establish and maintain quality control on placement operations to assure compliance with contract requirements and maintain records of his quality control for all construction. A copy of the following records and Contractor tests, as well as the records of

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 3 corrective actions taken, shall be furnished to the GOVERNMENT as directed by the Contracting Officer:

(a) Tests to determine quality of stone

(b) Determination of proper gradation of stone by weight

(c) Control of stone placement by vertical and horizontal alignment to lines and grades indicated in the contract

(d) Records of all stones on hand and placed to date

(e) Records of all loads that have been rejected

(f) Records of all quantity surveys performed

(g) Daily inspection reports

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 QUARRY

2.1.1 General

The CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for all arrangements for right of way, for adequate investigation and exploration, and for selection, development, and operation of the quarry to supply stones for this contract, of the weight, size, and quality specified herein. Inspection for acceptance of individual stones will be at the groin construction site.

2.1.2 Sampling, Testing and Acceptance of Stones

The acceptability of stone will be determined by laboratory tests, visual examination, and service records. When satisfactory test and service records are not available, the proposed stones shall be subjected to all such tests as are necessary to determine that the stones are durable and suitable for use in the work. Tests to which the stones will be subjected include specific gravity, absorption, abrasion, accelerated expansion, wetting and drying, and such other tests as may be necessary. Testing to determine conformance with the requirements of paragraph 2.2 below for acceptance or rejection of stones proposed for use by the CONTRACTOR and to determine stone classification will be performed by a certified testing laboratory. Immediately after award of contract, and within 5 days of receipt of Notice to Proceed, The CONTRACTOR shall submit to the CONTRACTING OFFICER for approval all pertinent test and service records from his quarry from the past year. Such tests and service records will be evaluated to help determine if stones from the source can meet quality standards as hereinafter specified. Should the CONTRACTOR's documentation not include previous satisfactory laboratory test results or satisfactory service records from Corps of Engineers' projects, or fail to satisfy the CONTRACTING OFFICER, samples of the stones proposed for use in the stone construction shall be selected in the presence of the GOVERNMENT Inspector and delivered by the CONTRACTOR to the certified testing laboratory for testing. These samples shall be selected and delivered to the laboratory within 20 days after receipt of notification of insufficient or unsatisfactory test and service records. Samples of stones shall consist of 5 pieces each of underlayer and armor stones plus 25 pieces of core/bedding stone as selected by the CONTRACTING OFFICER. No single piece shall weigh more than 100 pounds. If the stones are from the same quarry and are generally the same quality stone, the test material can come from the same course; only one test per type of test is required. The drop test can be performed on all three type of materials. The presence of the CONTRACTING OFFICER or his representative during selection of samples of stones will not relieve the CONTRACTOR of the responsibility to secure representative samples from the quarry for testing. All samples will be

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 4 tested at the CONTRACTOR's expense, including any subsequent tests required in the event that one sample fails to pass the required tests.

The CONTRACTING OFFICER will be notified of the results of laboratory tests. Satisfactory CONTRACTOR documentation or laboratory test results on stone samples will not constitute approval of all rock in the quarry and will not in any way change the CONTRACTOR's responsibility for obtaining, developing, and maintaining a satisfactory source of stones. Throughout the duration of this contract, the GOVERNMENT may sample and test stones delivered to the site and proposed for use in the stone construction. No contract extension will be granted for specified submittal and testing time or because materials failed to meet the specification requirements.

Stones failing to meet specified requirements will be removed from the off loading facility or construction site at no additional cost to the GOVERNMENT. No materials or stones shall be placed in the structures until those materials or stones have been approved for use. The CONTRACTOR shall furnish waybills and delivery tickets for each load of stone delivered to the site.

2.1.3 Stone Weights

The CONTRACTOR shall have set up on-site a truck scale where quarry stone is located. The scale shall be certified for accuracy by a properly accredited official. A certified Weigh Master shall operate the scale.

Additional methods for determining the weight of stone may be requested by the CONTRACTOR and submitted to the CONTRACTING OFFICER for his approval.

Scales shall be recertified every six months or when they have been moved or if any disturbance may have altered the accuracy. Scales shall have printers that indicate Gross, Tare and Net weights. This ticket shall be signed by the certified Weight Master and Contractor's designated QC personnel. In the event that the CONTRACTOR proposes to deliver stone to the work location by barge and to place stone directly from the barge into the groin structure(s) and upon approval of this method by the Contracting Officer, the GOVERNMENT will accept barge weight tickets. The scale at the quarry will be certified by the manufacturer or by the certified Weigh Master.

2.2 STONE

2.2.1 Quality

The stone materials to be furnished shall meet all requirements specified herein. Each stone accepted for use in the groins shall be composed of hard, sound, dense, strong rock of crystalline igneous or metamorphic origin (i.e. not sedimentary) which shall be separated from bedrock by quarrying and that will not slake or deteriorate on exposure to the action of water or the atmosphere, shall not contain cracks, joints, faults, seams or bands of minerals or deleterious materials which would result in breakage or reduction of specified stone weights or dimensions during or after placement in the groins and revetment and shall be free of expansive or other materials which would cause accelerated deterioration by exposure to project climatic conditions. Each stone must have sufficiently uniform physical properties throughout so that all portions of the stone will meet the specified test requirements. Weak or inferior appearing portions of any non uniform type stone, such as igneous flow breccias, volcanic breccias, cataclastic metamorphics or irregularly cemented sedimentaries, will be subjected to all testing necessary to determine that the stone will not be susceptible to splitting or differential weathering. Any stone containing an inferior rock material portion that does not meet the specified test requirements will be rejected as unsatisfactory for

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 5 construction. Each stone shall be clean and angular, and the longest dimension of any stone shall not exceed three times its shortest dimension. Each stone shall meet all the following test requirements for quality.

Table 1: Stone Test Requirements

TEST REQUIREMENT METHOD

Geologic Classification Provide classification

Unit Weight/ Dry unit weight 165 lb/cu ft ASTM C127 Specific Gravity or greater

Absorption Less than 1 percent ASTM C127

Sulfate Soundness Less than 5 percent loss ASTM D5420

Glycol Soundness No deterioration except minor COE CRD-C 148 crumbs from surface

Abrasion Less than 20% loss for 500 ASTM C535 revolutions

Freezing-Thawing Largely unaffected (20 cycles) ASTM D5312 or

COE CRD-C 144

Wetting-Drying Maximum 1% loss, no major ASTM D5313 or progressive cracking (30 cycles) COE CRD-C 169

Drop Test No breakage or cracking (described below)

Set Aside* No breakage or cracking after (described one year below)

*Set Aside test is not required, but provide if results are available.

2.2.2 Testing

Testing will be performed by a certified testing laboratory. One set of stone tests shall be provided for each stone source or quarry, for each type and quality of stone being produced for this contract. Additional sets of tests shall be provided if the type or quality of the stone from a given source changes. The test results reported by the laboratory will be considered as exact results for unit weight, absorption, abrasion, wetting and drying, accelerated expansion or other necessary tests, regardless of any permissible variance that may be established by test procedures, in determining the acceptability of groin stone furnished under this contract. Conduct the tests in accordance with the standard listed in Table 1, or as described below:

2.2.2.1 Drop Test

a. Method

A drop test provides an immediate evaluation of the suitability of very large stone material and is also potentially useful for quality control and QA. For comparability, the test stone(s) should be dropped from a

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 6 bucket or cherry picker or by other means from a height half the average diameter of the stone onto a rigid surface or second stone of comparable size. Dumping with other stones from a haulage truck is usually an unsatisfactory practice.

b. Evaluation

The stone should be examined carefully before testing as well as afterward. Failure criteria are development of new cracks, opening of old cracks, and loss of small pieces from the surface.

2.2.2.2 Set Aside

The set aside test is a particularly good method of forewarning of future problems with stone deterioration. Large stones are set aside in the quarry and immediately examined and photographed. These specimens are examined and photographed again after a predetermined period of exposure a minimum of one entire season cycle, generally 1 year or more. Stone that endures without signs of deterioration may be considered for acceptance.

2.3 STONE CLASSIFICATION

The following classification tables give the required weights of armor stone and toe stone in short tons (1 short ton = 2,000 lbs.), underlayer stone in pounds, and core/bedding stones in pounds based on a unit weight of not less than 165 lbs. per cubic foot. The material will be well graded and possess grading curves that do not exhibit abrupt changes in slope denoting skip grading, scalping of certain sizes, or any other irregularities. The gradations are those required for materials after they are in final position on the structures.

2.3.1 Armor Stone Gradation for Groins

Gradation requirements for acceptable armor stone will be as follows:

TYPE A ARMOR STONE

HEAD SECTION ARMOR STONE

Weight (tons, short) Percent Lighter by Weight

15 100 12 50 10 0

TYPE B - ARMOR STONE

TRUNK & SHORE SECTION ARMOR STONE; REHAB ARMOR STONE

Weight (tons, short) Percent Lighter by Weight

10 100

7.5 50 5 0

2.3.2 Underlayer Stone Gradation for Groins

Gradation requirements for acceptable underlayer stone will be as follows:

TYPE C - UNDERLAYER STONE

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 7

Weight (lbs) Percent Lighter by Weight

3000 100 2400 50 1800 0

2.3.3 Core Stone for Groins

Gradation requirements for acceptable core stone will be as follows:

CORE STONE

Weight (Pounds) Percent Lighter by Weight

200 100 120 50 50 0

Core stone shall be free from silt, clay, organic material, debris or other unsuitable material.

2.3.4 Bedding Stone for Groins

Gradation requirements for acceptable bedding stone will be as follows:

BEDDING STONE

Weight (Pounds) Percent Lighter by Weight

10 100 6 50 2 0

Bedding stone shall be free from silt, clay, organic material, debris or other unsuitable material.

2.3.5 Rebreaking Stone

No acceptable armor stone that can be placed with the stone handling equipment shall be rebroken.

2.3.6 Handling Breakage

If any armor stone is broken in handling after being weighed for pay quantity determination, the broken pieces may, upon approval, be reclassified and placed in a lower weight class stone if they meet the requirements for that class stone.

2.4 Design Requirements

2.4.1 Factors Used for Converting In-Place Volume to Weights

The following factors were used in converting the in-place volume to the quantities shown in the BIDDING SCHEDULE.

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 8

STONE

MATERIALS

BULK SPECIFIC

GRAVITY (SSD)

PERCENT

VOIDS

CUBIC FEET OF VOLUME PER TON INCLUDING

COMPENSATION FOR VOIDS (For Excess Quantity Calculations)

Armor Stone 2.58 33 18.12

Underlayer Stone

2.58 33 18.12

Core Stone 2.58 33 18.12

Bedding Stone 2.58 20 15.15

2.4.1.1 Revision of Bidding Schedule Quantities

The estimated quantities of stone listed in the BIDDING SCHEDULE were computed on the basis of stone having a percentage of voids and a bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry (SSD) basis) as shown in the above table based on water having a unit weight of 64 pounds per cubic foot.

When the bulk specific gravity (SSD) of the stone to be used in the work is other than that shown in the above table, the estimated quantities will be revised by multiplying them by the fraction which results when the bulk specific gravity (SSD) of the stone furnished is divided by the value shown in the above table for each respective stone gradation. Revision for the percentage of voids will likewise be made. The Contracting Officer will issue a modification to the contract in accordance with the Contract Clause, CHANGES, in Section 00 72 00 CONTRACT CLAUSES to adjust the estimated quantities in the BIDDING SCHEDULE. The revised quantities will then be the quantities from which the allowable fifteen percent (15%) variation in estimated quantity, for payment purposes, will be determined as defined in Contract Clause 52.211-18 , VARIATIONS IN ESTIMATED QUANTITIES, in Section 00 72 00 CONTRACT CLAUSES

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL

Placement of armor stone, underlayer stone, core stone and bedding stone shall not deviate from the grade lines and slopes indicated in the plans by more than the tolerances discussed below unless approved in writing by the CONTRACTING OFFICER. All materials to be deposited in the groins shall be placed by means such as a crane or derrick to the required cross section and as needed for the type of stone being placed. Material to be deposited below MLW may be placed by any means that will obtain the required cross section and purpose of the stone. Rubber tired equipment may be used for placement of bedding stone in the structure where it is appropriate to do so.

The material shall be handled and placed in such a manner as to minimize segregation of the stone. Any material placed on or in the stone construction for the convenience of construction must be completely removed prior to final placement of stone in the affected portion of the structure. The finished stone construction shall be a well-graded mass, free of pockets of either smaller or larger stone with a minimum of voids and a maximum interlocking of stones. The CONTRACTOR shall conduct his operation and sequence his construction so the amount of protection

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 9 offered to the groins is maximized at all times. Construction of stone structure elements in advance of completed work will be at the sole risk of the CONTRACTOR. Damage to any incomplete or complete structure will be the CONTRACTOR'S sole responsibility.

3.2 STONE REMOVAL FOR REUSE OR DISPOSAL

Removed stone includes stone from demolition of portions of groins to be rehabilitated, or from the Pt. Lookout revetment. Removed stones meeting the criteria of new stone material per subsections 2.2 and 2.3 of this specification shall be separated by classification and reused in the new work as per Section3. Laboratory tests listed in Table 1 are not required for removed stone. Disposal of unsuitable stone is the responsibility of the Contractor, however, it is anticipated that the Town of Hempstead will accept waste stone and will provide stockpile locations for such material.

For estimating purposes, the Town of Hempstead stone stockpile is immediately north of and adjacent to the parking lot for Hempstead Town Beach at Point Lookout, directly south of the Loop Parkway Bridge.

3.3 STONESETTER

The CONTRACTOR will have stone placement accomplished by a qualified stone setter having demonstrated experience in the construction of rubble-mound rock coastal structures.

3.4 LONG STONE

All acceptable stones that have a long axis which exceeds twice either of its other dimensions shall be placed with the long axis normal to the slope at the location where the stone is placed.

3.5 CORE & BEDDING STONE CONSTRUCTION

Core and bedding stone shall be placed to the lines and grades indicated on the Contract Drawings. The in-place stone shall be a reasonably well graded mass with a minimum practical void space. Compaction of the stone will not be required. Bedding stone will be placed to its full nominal thickness. Underlayer stone shall be placed on the core/bedding stone as soon as practicable after completion of any portion of bedding stone placement. The Contractor shall be responsible for loss of core and bedding stone due to wave, current, wind, precipitation, or other actions and shall replace such materials at his own expense.

3.6 UNDERLAYER STONE CONSTRUCTION

After the core and bedding stone has been placed and shaped as shown on the Contract Drawings, underlayer stone shall be placed to the lines and grades indicated on the Contract Drawings. The in-place stone shall be a reasonably well-graded mass with a minimum practicable void space. The stone shall be placed by a clam shell, bucket, or similar equipment. The stone shall not be dropped from a height exceeding one (1) foot above underlying material. Compaction of the stone will not be required. The stone shall be placed as soon as practicable following the placement and shaping of the core and bedding stone. The Contractor shall be responsible for loss of underlayer stone due to wave, current, wind, precipitation, or other actions and shall replace such materials at his own expense. Prior to armor stone placement, a survey shall establish that the underlayer stone surface is as shown on the Contract Drawings.

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 10

Underlayer, core and bedding stone placed in advance of completed groin structure shall be at the CONTRACTOR'S risk. In the event an unprotected section of underlayer or core and bedding stone is damaged, or causes damage to a completed section, the damages shall be repaired and/or replaced to the approval of the CONTRACTING OFFICER, at no additional cost to the GOVERNMENT. The GOVERNMENT shall be advised as to any and all situations that may result in a possible interruption of the work.

3.7 ARMOR STONE CONSTRUCTION

The surface stones of the outside layer shall consist of stone with weights shown in Section 2.3.1. Armor stone shall be placed on the underlayer stone in such a manner as to produce a reasonably well-distributed mass of rock with the minimum practicable percentage of voids and maximum interlocking, and shall be constructed within the specified tolerance to the lines and grades shown on the Contract Drawings. The material will be placed in a manner that will not result in breakage of armor capstone or underlayer stone. The stone shall be individually placed with a rock grab, orange peel grab, grapple, crane or similar approved equipment capable of manipulating and placing individual stones. A backhoe bucket shall not be used. The stone shall not be dropped or tipped into position but shall be placed piece by piece into the layer and shall be interlocked or keyed in juxtaposition with adjacent armor stones by rotating or setting them for maximum contact based on their angular shape with no continuous void through two armor layers.

Armor capstone will make contact with adjacent stones on a minimum of three faces. Continuous joints will not be permitted between adjoining stones. Voids should be minimized to the extent that the smallest stone within the underlayer is not able to pass through it. No overhanging or perched stones will be allowed. Armor capstone placement will begin at the base (toe) of the groins and proceed toward the crest by placing stone to the full layer thickness before advancing upward. The final finish of the side slopes will be done as material is placed. No placement or finishing of the layer by drifting and manipulating the armor capstone down slope will be permitted.

3.8 PROTECTION DURING SUSPENSION OF WORK

Should work be suspended for any cause whatsoever, the CONTRACTOR will be required to protect the uncompleted section(s) of the groin against possible damage by storm waves, by completely covering exposed core and bedding or underlayer stone with cover stone or as may be required by the CONTRACTING OFFICER. Upon resumption of work, the CONTRACTOR may be required by the CONTRACTING OFFICER to move the large stones used in this work of protection and place them as cover stone as the work progresses.

No extra payment will be made for rehandling stone. The cost of protection of unfinished groin sections during suspension of work shall be included in the contract unit price for furnishing and placing stone.

3.9 DETERIORATION

After the examination and acceptance of any reach of the work, and before the final acceptance of the entire work, should an examination of an accepted section show deterioration, displacement, undue settlement or other defects for which the CONTRACTOR is evidently not responsible, the correction of these defects at the contract unit price, as far as permitted by available funds, may be done if agreeable to both the CONTRACTOR and the CONTRACTING OFFICER.

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 11

3.10 LIMITS OF WORK

Before and during the course of work, the CONTRACTING OFFICER or his representative may revise the limits of the work classification areas based on the actual conditions at the time of construction.

3.11 REHABILITATION

3.11.1 Groin Rehabilitation - Point Lookout

Rehabilitated groins shall be constructed as shown in the Contract Drawings. Each structure consists of a trunk and a head section, with the trunk section further subdivided into landward section and a center section. Work varies by stationing, as described on the plan sheets.

Work is divided into the following:

3.11.1.1 Landward Trunk Raising

The landward crest of the trunk (stationing varies by structure) will be raised from existing elevation to el. +9.0 NAVD to better contain placed sand fill. Trunk raising will be accomplished by adding one layer of armor stone on top of existing stone. Existing stone will be removed and reset as needed. Armor will be placed individually and well-seated on existing stone. Armor stone will be interlocked to the maximum degree possible, with minimum 3 points of contact to adjacent armor stones.

3.11.1.2 Central Trunk Rehabilitation

Armor stone on the central trunk crest (stationing varies by structure) will be removed and reset as needed to raise the crest elevation to +5 ft.

NAVD. Additional core, bedding, and armor stone will be placed as needed to extend the crest to the width shown on the contract drawings at elevation +5 and construct side slopes as shown. Reset and new armor stone will be individually placed and well-seated on stone below. Armor stone will be interlocked to the maximum degree possible, with minimum 3 points of contact to adjacent armor stones. Gaps between armor stones must be small enough to contain underlying stone.

3.11.1.3 Head Rehabilitation

Additional armor stone will be placed as needed to raise the crest elevation to +5 as shown on the contract drawings (stationing varies by structure). Existing stone will be removed and reset as needed. The seaward face of the existing structure will reconstructed using new core and armor stone as shown on the contract drawings. Reset and new armor stone will be individually placed and well-seated on stone below. Armor stone will be interlocked to the maximum degree possible, with minimum 3 points of contact to adjacent armor stones. Gaps between armor stones must be small enough to contain underlying stone.

3.11.2 Groin Rehabilitation - Long Beach

Rehabilitated groins in Long Beach shall be constructed as shown in the Contract Drawings. Each structure consists of a trunk and a head section. Work varies by stationing, as described on the plan sheets.

Work is divided into the following:

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 12

3.11.2.1 Trunk Rehabilitation

Armor stone on the central trunk crest (stationing varies by structure) will be removed and reset as needed to raise the crest elevation to +5 ft.

NAVD. Additional core, and armor stone will be placed as needed to extend the crest to the width shown on the contract drawings at elevation +5 and construct side slopes as shown. Reset and new armor stone will be individually placed and well-seated on stone below. Armor stone will be interlocked to the maximum degree possible, with minimum 3 points of contact to adjacent armor stones. Gaps between armor stones must be small enough to contain underlying stone.

3.11.2.2 Head Rehabilitation

Additional armor stone will be placed as needed to raise the crest elevation to +5 as shown on the contract drawings (stationing varies by structure). Existing stone will be removed and reset as needed. The seaward head of the existing structure will reconstructed using new core and armor stone as shown on the contract drawings. Reset and new armor stone will be individually placed and well-seated on stone below. Armor stone will be interlocked to the maximum degree possible, with minimum 3 points of contact to adjacent armor stones. Gaps between arm or stones must be small enough to contain underlying stone.

3.11.3 Revetment Rehabilitation

Revetment rehabilitation shall be constructed as shown in the Contract Drawings. Work shall consist of removal of existing armor stone, excavation to lines and grades shown, placement of bedding stone, and placement of armor stone as shown on the contract drawings. Reset and new armor stone will be individually placed and well-seated on stone below.

Stone shall abut the concrete parapet as shown in the Contract Drawings.

Interlocking between armor stones shall be maximized, with minimum 3 points of contact to adjacent armor stones. Gaps between armor stones must be small enough to contain underlying stone . Tolerances shall be as shown in paragraph 3.13.2 below. The finished structure shall have a smooth, tight crest suitable for use as a platform for placing additional stone in the future, and be well keyed-in to the existing stone and new concrete parapet. Rehabilitated revetment shall be tied-in to the landward end of existing groin #58, and to existing revetment at the northern limit of rehabilitation as shown on the Contract Drawings or as directed by the COR.

3.11.4 Removal, Reuse, and Disposal of Existing Groin Stone

Any suitable armor or underlayer stone removed from the existing groin which meets the criteria of the specified new stone classifications will be stockpiled and reused in the construction of the repaired groin structure after approval by the Contracting Officer or his representative.

Underlayer, core and bedding stone outside the interlocked toe will be removed with the required sand excavation. Underlayer stone shall be segregated and placed in the groin repair or disposed. Unsuitable stone shall be placed as shown on the Contract Drawings or as directed by the Contracting Officer.

3.12 PLACING EQUIPMENT

All equipment for lifting and placing should be load tested. The equipment shall be capable of placing stone in such a manner as to produce

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 13 a well keyed mass without damage to the stone. Stone placing equipment shall have adequate safe capacity to construct the groins to the lines, grades, and slopes indicated on the drawings. Mats are required under all moving cranes, etc. Temporary filling of voids with sand or stone will not be permitted. All stone cracked by equipment riding over them shall be removed if the cracked pieces do not meet the required weights. The method of placement shall provide means of turning all stones placed in the structures at least 90 degrees in the horizontal plane and for vertical rotation, to the extent necessary for final positioning. A representative of the GOVERNMENT shall be permitted to ride in the cab of the stone placing equipment in order to view the operation for positioning of individual stones where permitted by the manufacturer and where a seat belt is provided.

3.13 TOLERANCES

3.13.1 New and Rehabilitated Groins

3.13.1.1 Deviances

Deviations in total section thickness, final horizontal stone surfaces, and final layer surfaces shall be no greater than the values set forth below. Placement of any stone layer to either the plus or minus tolerance extreme shall not be continuous over an area greater than 400 square feet.

Layer Elevation of Thickness Final Horizontal (feet) Surfaces (feet)

Designation (-) (+) (-) (+) Core and Bedding Stone 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Underlayer Stone 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Armor Stone 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

3.13.1.2 Exceeded Tolerances

Stones in all layers, except the exterior armor stone layer, shall be manipulated or relocated as necessary to satisfy the tolerance criteria presented above. A maximum of 10 percent of stone comprising the exterior armor surface may penetrate the plus tolerance specified above by up to +0.5 feet, but shall not be included in the quantity measured for payment.

3.13.2 Revetment Rehabilitation

3.13.2.1 Deviances

Deviations in total section thickness, final horizontal stone surfaces, and final layer surfaces shall be no greater than the values set forth below, except that exceeding a 9-inch differential will not be allowed on the exposed surface of adjacent armor stones. Placement of any stone layer to either the plus or minus tolerance extreme shall not be continuous over an area greater than 20 ft. by 20 ft. or 200 square feet.

Layer Elevation of Thickness Final Horizontal (feet) Surfaces (feet)

Designation (-) (+) (-) (+) Core and Bedding Stone 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 14

Armor Stone 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

3.13.2.2 Exceeded Tolerances

Stones in all layers, except the exterior armor stone layer, shall be manipulated or relocated as necessary to satisfy the tolerance criteria presented above. The intent is for the finished structure to have a smooth crest suitable to act as a platform for addition of stone layers in the future.

3.14 EXCAVATION

Excavation of the existing bottom will be performed as needed to obtain the grades, slopes and alignment shown on the contract drawings.

Excavated material in excess of material needed for beachfill may be spread in a 1 ft thick layer on adjacent beach or as directed by the COR.

If rock, rubble, or other debris larger than 1-1/2 inches in diameter is placed on the beach from the material source, it will be removed by the Contractor, totally at his own cost.

3.15 ACCEPTANCE SECTIONS

3.15.1 Section Designations

Completed work on the Groins and revetment shall be accepted in 50-foot sections.

3.15.2 Surveys

The CONTRACTOR shall take final surveys for armor stone tolerance compliance and surveys for underlayer top surface confirmation and also shall conduct any surveys for periods for which progress payments are requested. The surveys shall be performed by a licensed surveyor in the presence or approval of the Contracting Officer, or his representative.

3.15.3 Acceptance Surveys

As soon as practicable after the completion of each acceptance section the CONTRACTOR shall perform a survey of the completed section. When a section is found to be in a satisfactory condition it shall be accepted finally. Any section damaged by the CONTRACTOR after final acceptance shall be repaired by Contractor at his expense.

3.15.4 Final Acceptance

Final acceptance of the whole or part of the work and the deductions or corrections of deductions made thereon shall not be reopened after having once been made except on evidence of collusion, fraud or obvious error and acceptance of a completed section shall not change the time of payment of the retained percentage of the whole or any part of the work.

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SECTION 35 31 29.40 Page 15