GFI Atch for Bidders Inquiry 8355990 FSH Five-Year Report (Draft) 20130401 Complete.pdf

DRAFT

FIRST FIVE-YEAR REVIEW

REPORT

at

JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas

EPA ID TX3214020429

SWR No. 69005

San Antonio, Texas

Prepared for:

802d CES and AFCEC/CZRW

Prepared by:

SAIC

4242 Piedras Drive East, Suite 200

San Antonio, Texas 78228

Contract No. FA8903-08-D-8779

Task Order No. 0154

March 2013

Draft First Five-Year Review Report

First Five-Year Review Report for

IRP Site IDs ID030, LF003, and DA561 MMRP Site IDs XE015 and AT018

JBSA Fort Sam Houston San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

March 2013

Prepared by:

SAIC

Contract No. FA8903-08-D-8779 Task Order No. 0154

Prepared for:

802d CES

JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas

Approved by: Date:

Name

Title

Affiliation

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................ vii

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... ix

I. Introduction Purpose of Review The Installation Restoration Program Site Description

II. JBSA Fort Sam Houston Site Chronology

III. JBSA Fort Sam Houston Background Physical Characteristics Land and Resource Use History of Contamination Initial Response Summary of Basis for Taking Action

IV Remedial Actions Remedy Selection Remedy Implementation System Operations/O&M

V. Progress Since Last Review

VI. Five-Year Review Process Administrative Components Community Notification and Involvement Document Review Data Review and Evaluation Site Inspection Site Interviews

VII. Technical Assessment

VIII. Issues

IX. Recommendations and Follow-up Actions Suggested Improvements

X. Protectiveness Statements

XI. Next Review

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.)

Figures Page

I-1 Vicinity Map II-1 ID030 Site Detail II-2 LF003 Site Detail II-3 DA561 Site Detail II-4 XE015 Site Detail II-5 AT018 Site Detail

Tables Page

II-1 Site Name Cross-Reference II-2 JBSA Fort Sam Houston Site Chronology – by Five-Year Review Site III-1 Background Information: ID030 III-2 Background Information: LF003 III-3 Background Information: DA561 III-4 Background Information: XE015 III-5 Background Information: AT018 IV-1 Remedial Actions: ID030 IV-2 Remedial Actions: LF003 IV-3 Remedial Actions: DA561 IV-4 Remedial Actions: XE015 IV-5 Remedial Actions: AT018 VI-1 Five-Year Review Process: ID030 VI-2 Five-Year Review Process: LF003 VI-3 Five-Year Review Process: DA561 VI-4 Five-Year Review Process: XE015 VI-5 Five-Year Review Process: AT018 VI-6 Interview Contact List VII-1 Technical Assessment: ID030 VII-2 Technical Assessment: LF003 VII-3 Technical Assessment: DA561 VII-4 Technical Assessment: XE015 VII-5 Technical Assessment: AT018 VII-6 Summary of Technical Assessments VIII-1 Issues IX-1 Recommendations and Follow-Up Actions IX-2 Observations and Suggested Improvements

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.)

Attachments

1. Documents Reviewed

2. Five-Year Review Site Inspection Checklists

3. Photographic Documentation

4. Interview Records

Appendix

References

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AFCEC Air Force Civil Engineer Center

APA Affected Property Assessment

APAR Affected Property Assessment Report bgs below ground surface

BRAC Base Realignment and Closure

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

CES Civil Engineer Squadron

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

COC chemical of concern

DERP Defense Environmental Restoration Program

DoD Department of Defense

EESOH-MIS Enterprise, Environmental, Safety, and Occupational Health - Management Information System

EM electromagnetic

EO Executive Order

EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal

EPA U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

FYR Five-Year Review

IC institutional control

ID identifier

IRA Interim Remedial Action

IRP Installation Restoration Program

JBSA Joint Base San Antonio

LF landfill

LTM long-term monitoring

MC munitions constituents

MCL maximum contaminant level

MEC munitions and explosives of concern

MMRP Military Munitions Response Program

MNA monitored natural attenuation

MPPEH material potentially presenting an explosive hazard

MRS Munitions Response Sites

NA not applicable

NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan

NFA No Further Action

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (cont.)

NFRAP No Further Response Action Planned

NOD Notice of Deficiency

O&M Operation and Maintenance

OES optimized exit strategy

OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

PA/SI Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection

PBR Performance-based Remediation

PCE tetrachloroethene

PCL protective concentration level

PCLE protective concentration level exceedance

PMZ Plume Management Zone

PRAC post-response action care

PRACR post-response action care report

RA Remedial Action

RACR Response Action Completion Report

RAER Response Action Effectiveness Report

RAO remedial action objective

RAP Response Action Plan

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

RFI RCRA Facility Investigation

RFI/CMS RCRA Facility Investigation/Corrective Measures Study

SAIC Science Applications International Corporation

SAMMC San Antonio Military Medical Center

SAMMC-N San Antonio Military Medical Complex-North

SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

SVOC semivolatile organic compound

TCE trichloroethene

TCEQ Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

TNRCC Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission

TRRP Texas Risk Reduction Program

USAF United States Air Force

USC United States Code

UXO unexploded ordnance

VOC volatile organic compound

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

The purpose of a Five-Year Review is to determine whether the remedy at a site remains 2 protective of human health and the environment. The methods, findings, and conclusions 3 of the review are documented in Five-Year Review reports. In addition, Five-Year 4 Review Reports identify any issues found during the review, and if any are found, 5 identify recommendations to address them. 6

The United States Air Force is preparing this Five-Year Review Report pursuant to the 7 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act §121(c) 8 (42 United States Code § 9621(c)) and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances 9 Pollution Contingency Plan. 10

The Air Force as a matter of policy conducts Five-Year Reviews consistent with 11 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidance for all cleanup actions wherein 12 contamination is left above unlimited use and unrestricted exposure levels. The 13 Air Force has conducted a Five-Year Review of the remedial actions implemented at 14 three Installation Restoration Program sites (Enterprise Environmental, Safety and 15 Occupational Health – Management Information System site identifiers ID030, LF003, 16 and DA561) and two Military Munitions Response Program sites 17 (Enterprise Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health – Management Information 18 System site identifiers XE015 and AT018) at JBSA Fort Sam Houston (San Antonio, 19 Bexar County). This review was conducted from December 2012 to March 2013. This 20 report documents the results of the review. 21

The conclusion presented in this Five-Year Review is that remedies at ID030, LF003, and 22 DA561 are functioning as designed. The remedies at these sites, all of which are closed 23 with institutional controls (deed recordation that restricts use to non-residential), are 24 protective of human health and the environment, and in the interim, exposure pathways 25 that could result in unacceptable risks are being controlled. The remedy at XE015 is not 26 protective because of issues that affect site access, and therefore, that may potentially 27 affect the integrity of the landfill cover. The remedy at AT018 has not yet been selected. 28

The triggering action for this statutory review is the completion of the remedial actions at 29 the dates summarized below for each site: 30

ID030 November 2007 31 LF003 July 2005 32 DA561 August 2009 33 XE015 June 2006 34 AT018 not applicable (remedial action has not yet been selected) 35

This is the first Five-Year Review for the sites at JBSA Fort Sam Houston. This review is 36 required because contaminants remain at the sites above levels that allow for unlimited 37 use and unrestricted exposure. 38

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FIVE-YEAR REVIEW SUMMARY FORM

JBSA FORT SAM HOUSTON, BEXAR COUNTY

SITE IDENTIFICATION

Site Name: EESOH-MIS Site IDs ID030 (a.k.a. Former Dry Cleaning Facility, Building 330, FTSH-30, CCFSH330); LF003 (Landfills 8A, 8B, 10, and 12; FTSH-26); DA561 (Area of Concern 13, CCFSHLF13); XE015 (Landfill 8B, FTSH-26, FTSH-015-R-01); and AT018 (Trench Warfare Complex, FTSH-018-R-01) JBSA Fort Sam Houston

EPA ID: TX3214020429

Region: 6 State: TX City/County: San Antonio/Bexar

SITE STATUS

NPL Status: Non-NPL

Multiple OUs?

No, multiple sites

Has the site achieved construction completion?

Yes

REVIEW STATUS

Lead agency: Other Federal Agency If “Other Federal Agency” was selected above, enter Agency name: United States Air Force

Author name (Federal or State Project Manager): Seth S. Smith, Restoration Program Manager

Author affiliation: United States Air Force

Review period: Remedial Action implementation – December 2012

Date of site inspection: 5 February 2013

Type of review: Statutory

Review number: 1

Triggering action date: November 2007 (ID030), July 2005 (LF003), August 2009 (DA561), June 2006 (XE015), (not applicable for AT018 - remedial action has not yet been selected)

Due date (five years after triggering action date): July 2010 through August 2014

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JBSA FORT SAM HOUSTON, BEXAR COUNTY, CONT.

Issues/Recommendations

Sites without Issues/Recommendations Identified in the Five-Year Review:

ID030, LF003, DA561, AT018

Issues and Recommendations Identified in the Five-Year Review:

Site: XE015 Issue Category: Institutional Controls

Issue: Two issues are associated with the implementation of ICs/PRAC (fencing and signage) that affect site access: a gap in the southeast border fence large enough to allow site access and missing signage. Site access issues may potentially affect the integrity of the landfill cover and ultimately the protectiveness of the remedy at Site XE015.

Recommendation: The following actions need to be taken to ensure protectiveness:

repair fencing, replace signage, and perform regular inspections/preventative maintenance on the site fencing/signage.

Affect Current Protectiveness

Affect Future Protectiveness

Implementing Party

Oversight Party Milestone Date

Yes Yes Federal Facility Federal Facility March 2014

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JBSA FORT SAM HOUSTON, BEXAR COUNTY, CONT.

Protectiveness Statement(s)

Include each individual OU/Site protectiveness determination and statement.

Site ID:

ID030

Protectiveness Determination:

Protective Addendum Due Date (if applicable):

Protectiveness Statement:

The remedy at ID030 is expected to be protective upon completion (upon filing of deed recordation documentation), and in the interim, exposure pathways that could result in unacceptable risks are being controlled.

Site ID:

LF003

Protectiveness Determination:

Protective Addendum Due Date (if applicable):

Protectiveness Statement:

The remedy at LF003 is protective of human health and the environment, and in the interim, exposure pathways that could result in unacceptable risks are being controlled.

Site ID:

DA561

Protectiveness Determination:

Protective Addendum Due Date (if applicable):

Protectiveness Statement:

The remedy at DA561 is protective of human health and the environment, and in the interim, exposure pathways that could result in unacceptable risks are being controlled.

Site ID:

XE015

Protectiveness Determination:

Not Protective Addendum Due Date (if applicable):

Protectiveness Statement:

The remedy at XE015 is not protective because of the following two issues associated with ICs (fencing and signage) that affect site access: a gap in the southeast border fence and missing signage. Site access issues may potentially affect the integrity of the landfill cover and ultimately the protectiveness of the remedy at Site XE015.

The following actions need to be taken to ensure protectiveness: repair fencing, replace signage, and perform regular inspections/preventative maintenance on the site fencing/signage.

Site ID:

AT018

Protectiveness Determination:

Protectiveness Deferred Addendum Due Date (if applicable):

Protectiveness Statement:

Not applicable - the remedy at AT018 has not yet been selected; therefore, a protectiveness determination cannot be made.

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JBSA FORT SAM HOUSTON, BEXAR COUNTY, CONT.

Sitewide Protectiveness Statement (if applicable)

For sites that have achieved construction completion, enter a sitewide protectiveness determination and statement.

Protectiveness Determination:

not applicable

Addendum Due Date (if applicable):

Click here to enter date.

Protectiveness Statement:

not applicable

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I. INTRODUCTION 1

The Air Force is the lead agency for Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA), comprising three 2 primary locations, one of which includes JBSA Fort Sam Houston (USAF 2012a). In 3 2012, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), JBSA Fort Sam Houston, 502d Civil Engineer 4 Squadron (CES) and JBSA Lackland 802d Civil Engineering Squadron conducted a 5 Five-Year Review (FYR) of remedial actions implemented at selected Installation 6 Restoration Program (IRP) and Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP) sites at 7 JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. This FYR included the period 8 between remedial action implementation and December 2012. 9

This 2013 FYR Report documents the results of the first FYR for three IRP sites 10 (Enterprise Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health – Management Information 11 System [EESOH-MIS] site identifiers [ID] ID030, LF003, and DA561) and two MMRP 12 sites (EESOH-MIS site IDs XE015 and AT018). All sites are located at JBSA 13 Fort Sam Houston (Figure I-1). This FYR was conducted in accordance with the 14 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) guidance on FYRs. The EPA guidance on 15 conducting FYRs is provided by Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) 16 Directive 9355.7-03B-P, Comprehensive Five-Year Review Guidance (EPA 2001). 17 Additional EPA guidance on evaluating institutional controls (IC) during a FYR is provided 18 by OSWER Directive 9355.7-18.13, Recommended Evaluation of Institutional Controls: 19 Supplement to the “Comprehensive Five-Year Review Guidance” (EPA 2011). 20

PURPOSE OF REVIEW 21

The purpose of a FYR is to evaluate the implementation and performance of a remedy in 22 order to determine if the remedy is or will be protective of human health and the 23 environment. The FYR Report documents the methods, findings, and conclusions of the 24 FYR. In addition, issues specific to this FYR period are described and recommendations to 25 address these issues are provided. 26

The United States Air Force (USAF) is preparing this FYR report pursuant to the 27 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, 28 42 USC § 9621(c)) and the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution 29 Contingency Plan (NCP). CERCLA §121 states: 30

If the President selects a remedial action that results in any hazardous substances, 31 pollutants, or contaminants remaining at the site, the President shall review such 32 remedial action no less often than each five years after the initiation of such remedial 33 action to assure that human health and the environment are being protected by the 34 remedial action being implemented. 35

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Figure I-1 Vicinity Map

Landfill 8A

Landfill 12

Landfill 10

TITLE:

Vicinity Map Five Year Review Task Order No. 0154 JBSA Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis, Texas

Legend

IRP Site CCFSH330 (Building 330)

IRP Site CCFSHLF13 (AOC 13)

IRP Site FTSH-26 (Landfills 8A, 10, and 12)

MMRP Site AT018 (FTSH-018-R-01)

MMRP Site SR026 (FTSH-26, LF-8B)

Fort Sam Houston Boundary 0 2,500 5,0001,250

Feet

Drawing:

Date:

Chkd:

B. Mulkey Dwn: FIGURE:

V. Wark

03/21/13

FTSH1121

I-1

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The implementing provisions of the NCP, as set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations 1 (CFR), state at 40 CFR 300.430(f) (4) (ii): 2

If a remedial action is selected that results in hazardous substances, pollutants, or 3 contaminants remaining at the site above levels that allow for unlimited use and 4 unrestricted exposure, the lead agency shall review such action no less often than every 5 five years after the initiation of the selected remedial action. 6

The FYR for the sites at JBSA Fort Sam Houston is being conducted because 7 contaminants are left on site above levels that allow for unlimited use and unrestricted 8 exposure, i.e., residential use. The triggering action for this 2013 FYR at JBSA 9 Fort Sam Houston is the completion of the remedial action on the dates summarized 10 below for each site: 11

ID030 November 2007 12 LF003 July 2005 13 DA561 August 2009 14 XE015 June 2006 15 AT018 not applicable (remedial action has not yet been selected) 16

This 2013 FYR did not generate new data or significantly reevaluate existing data to 17 assess previous conclusions regarding the data. In addition, this FYR did not reevaluate 18 the decisions made in the remedy selection process. Issues and recommendations 19 identified as part of this FYR are provided in Sections VIII and IX. 20

THE INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM 21

The objective of the United States Air Force (USAF) IRP is to assess past hazardous 22 waste disposal and spill sites at USAF installations and to develop remedial actions 23 consistent with the NCP for sites that pose a threat to human health and welfare or the 24 environment. This section presents information on the program origins, objectives, and 25 organization. 26

The 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is one of the primary federal 27 laws governing the disposal of hazardous wastes. Sections 6001 and 6003 of RCRA 28 require federal agencies to comply with local and state environmental regulations and 29 provide information to the EPA concerning past disposal practices at federal sites. RCRA 30 Section 3012 requires state agencies to inventory past hazardous waste disposal sites and 31 provide information to the EPA concerning those sites. 32

In 1980, Congress enacted the CERCLA (i.e., Superfund). CERCLA outlines the 33 responsibility for identifying and remediating contaminated sites in the United States and 34 its possessions. The CERCLA legislation identifies the EPA as the primary policy and 35 enforcement agency regarding contaminated sites. 36

The 1986 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) extends the 37 requirements of CERCLA and modifies CERCLA with respect to goals for remediation 38 and the steps that lead to the selection of a remedial process. Under SARA, 39

FSH-Five-Year Report (Draft)_20130401.docx Page 4 of 52 technologies that provide permanent removal or destruction of a contaminant are 1 preferable to action that only contains or isolates the contaminant. SARA also provides 2 for greater interaction with public and state agencies and extends the EPA’s role in 3 evaluating health risks associated with contamination. Under SARA, early determination 4 of Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements is required, and the 5 consideration of potential remediation alternatives is recommended at the initiation of a 6 Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. SARA is the primary legislation governing 7 remedial action at past hazardous waste disposal sites. 8

Executive Order (EO) 12580, adopted in 1987, gave various federal agencies, including 9 the DoD, the responsibility to act as lead agencies for conducting investigations and 10 implementing remediation efforts when they are the sole or co-contributor to 11 contamination on or off their properties. 12

To ensure compliance with CERCLA, its regulations, and EO 12580, the DoD developed 13 the IRP, under the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP), to identify 14 potentially contaminated sites, investigate these sites, and evaluate and select remedial 15 actions for potentially contaminated facilities. The DoD issued the Defense 16 Environmental Quality Program Policy Memorandum 80-6 regarding the IRP program in 17 June 1980 and implemented the policies outlined in this memorandum in 18 December 1980. The NCP was issued by EPA in 1980 to provide guidance on a process 19 by which (1) contaminant release could be reported, (2) contamination could be identified 20 and quantified, and (3) remedial actions could be selected. The NCP describes the 21 responsibility of federal and state governments and those responsible for contaminant 22 releases. 23

The IRP is the DoD’s primary mechanism for response actions on USAF installations 24 affected by the provisions of SARA. Over the years, requirements of the IRP have been 25 developed and modified to ensure that DoD compliance with federal laws (such as 26 RCRA, NCP, CERCLA, and SARA) can be met. 27

Under CERCLA §121(c), EPA is required to review the remedies at Superfund sites 28 where hazardous substances remain at levels that potentially pose an unacceptable risk. 29 Such reviews must be conducted every five years or may be conducted more frequently if 30 necessary to ensure the protectiveness of the remedy (EPA 2001). 31

SITE DESCRIPTION 32

JBSA Fort Sam Houston is located in south central Texas, three miles northeast of 33 downtown San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. Its boundaries encompass a total area of 34 3,150 acres. The installation is bounded on the east and south by Interstate Highway 35, 35 on the southwest by Mahncke Park and the San Antonio Botanical Gardens, on the north 36 and northwest by the San Antonio Country Club and the Terrell Hills neighborhood, and 37 on the northeast side by John James Park. 38

The installation originated in 1845 when the Army established a garrison and regional 39 headquarters in rented buildings and a Quartermaster supply depot in the Alamo. After 40 the Civil War, the Army began to move out of the city onto land donated by the City of 41

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San Antonio. After construction and expansion, the post at San Antonio was designated 1 as Fort Sam Houston in 1890. 2

JBSA Fort Sam Houston is a National Historic Landmark, and the birthplace of military 3 aviation. The installation evolved into the “Home of Army Medicine” after World War II 4 and into the “Home of Military Medicine” with the establishment of the 5 Medical Education and Training Campus in 2010. The installation has many initiatives to 6 retain the historic character of the post while serving as a modern, model Joint Base for 7 the future (USAF 2012b). 8

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II. JBSA FORT SAM HOUSTON SITE CHRONOLOGY 1

Cleanup at JBSA Fort Sam Houston began in 1987 with the initiation of the DERP. The 2 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) has provided regulatory oversight 3 of the JBSA Fort Sam Houston environmental cleanup program since its inception, and is 4 authorized to issue final closure reports for any site that has achieved closure under their 5 rules and regulations. Historical regulatory activities are discussed in this document using 6 the agency’s name in use at the time of the activity. 7

Twenty-six sites were identified as requiring a Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection 8 (PA/SI). Contamination at these sites included, but was not limited to, metals 9 contamination at a pistol range, hydrocarbon contamination at various underground 10 storage tank locations, petroleum, oil, and lubricant contamination at maintenance 11 facilities, and buildings contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides. 12 None of the contaminated sites at Fort Sam Houston produced off-post contamination. 13

The MMRP was established at Fort Sam Houston in 2001 to manage the environmental 14 health and safety issues presented by unexploded ordnance (UXO), discarded military 15 munitions, and munitions constituents (MC). Munitions Response Sites (MRS) have been 16 identified for inclusion under the MMRP at Fort Sam Houston. In 2008, a PA/SI was 17 conducted at Fort Sam Houston of MRSs with known or suspected munitions and 18 explosives of concern (MEC), munitions debris, or MC (U.S. Army 2009a). 19

Site IDs ID030, LF003, DA561, XE015, and AT018 are the only sites addressed by this 20 FYR (Figures II-1 through II-5). Table II-1 provides a comprehensive cross-reference 21 of site names and identifiers. Major events associated with the cleanup activities for the 22 five sites addressed by this FYR are provided in Table II-2. 23

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Table II-1 Site Name Cross-Reference

EESOH-MIS

Site ID

IRP/MMRP

Site ID

Fort Sam Houston Site Name

Notes

IRP Sites

ID030 Bldg 330 FTSH-30, CCFSH330

LF003

Landfills 8A, 8B, 10, and

FTSH-26; Landfills 8A, 8B, 10, and 12

Landfills 8B and 8A reclassified as MMRP sites.

DA561 Area of Concern 13 AOC 13, CCFSHLF13

MMRP Sites

XE015 FTSH-015-R-01

FTSH-26, LF-8B,

Landfill 8B

Formerly part of EESOH-MIS Site ID LF003; reclassified as an MMRP site and since closed under the MMRP.

AT018 FTSH-018-R-01 Trench Warfare Complex

Acronyms and Abbreviations:

EESOH-MIS = Enterprise Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health - Management Information System ID = identifier IRP = Installation Restoration Program MMRP =Military Munitions Response Program

FSH-Five-Year Report (Draft)_20130401.docx Page 8 of 52

Table II-2 JBSA Fort Sam Houston Site Chronology – by Five-Year Review Site

Date Event

Site ID ID030 Former Dry Cleaning Facility, Building 330

1922 Facility constructed 1970 through 1998 Building 330 operated as a laundry facility. One dry cleaning unit was reportedly used at the facility.

2003 Laundry facility decommissioned and structure partially demolished November 2006 Remaining building and concrete foundation slab were demolished after being deemed structurally unsound for re-use 2003 through April

Investigations conducted to support APAR identified affected soil and groundwater resulting from a historical release of chlorinated VOCs at the site

December 2005 through February 2006

Investigations conducted to address TCEQ comments and identified data gaps

August 2005 Affected Property Assessment Report (APAR) for Fort Sam Houston Building 330, Bexar County, Texas published by Weston

June 2006 APAR Addendum published by Weston. Addendum described classification of the shallow groundwater-bearing unit and identified PCE-affected groundwater at the location underlying the former Building 330 site in which concentrations of PCE exceeded the Tier 1 commercial/industrial Class 3 groundwater protection PCL.

11 December 2006 TCEQ correspondence documenting final approval of the APAR (and Addendum) and requesting submittal of a RAP.

2007 RAP published by Weston 26 July 2007 TCEQ correspondence documenting approval of the RAP November 2007 Implementation of groundwater monitoring program began with the installation of five monitoring wells. Collection of groundwater samples in accordance with the RAP was to consist of 1 year of quarterly groundwater monitoring (2008), 2 years of semi-annual groundwater monitoring (2009 – 2010), and 2 years of annual groundwater monitoring (2011 – 2012) in order to demonstrate decreasing or stable concentrations of the COCs. Following the 5 total years of groundwater monitoring, NFA was to be proposed if data continued to demonstrate that MNA was an appropriate response action.

Management stage: Final Remedial Action.

March 2009 Drought conditions between late 2007 and the end of 2009 precluded collection of groundwater samples. Updates were provided by the Army to the TCEQ during these first 2 years when groundwater samples could not be collected. Concurrence was received from TCEQ in March 2009 that the first 2 years of monitoring had been completed.

2010 Drought conditions between late 2007 and the end of 2009 precluded collection of groundwater samples until April 2010. RAER documenting groundwater sampling completed in April 2010 published by Weston

2011 RAER documenting groundwater sampling completed in October 2010 published by Weston 2012 RAERs submitted documenting groundwater sampling completed in April and

October 2011 published by CH2M Hill November 2012 Monitoring results suggest that MNA has successfully addressed the chlorinated organic compounds present in the shallow groundwater at Building 330. It has been proposed that the monitoring program cease with NFA because the goals presented in the RAP have been met and COC concentrations are below residential PCLs. The Army has requested the TCEQ’s concurrence that no further action is necessary and that a RACR be prepared to document successful completion of the response action to Remedy Standard A (because concentrations are below residential PCLs).

Current Management Stage (March 2013)

LTM

March 2013 First FYR

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Table II-1 (cont.)

JBSA Fort Sam Houston Site Chronology – by Five-Year Review Site

Date Event

Site ID LF003 Landfills 8A, 8B, 10, 12

1950s LF003 used for disposal of construction/cemetery debris and domestic refuse.

1994 through 1995 A 1994/95 LF assessment that included LF 10 and LF 12 indicated the presence of metals in soil samples at concentrations that exceeded background levels. Subsequent groundwater samples collected at the assessment site indicated the presence of metals in groundwater at concentrations that exceeded MCLs.

1999 and 2000 A soil removal action (IRA) was performed in 1999 and 2000.

October 2000 Final report documenting removal activities was sent to the TNRCC

May 2001 Additional investigation and confirmation sampling performed in response to TNRCC

NOD.

November 2001 APAR recommending NFA submitted to TNRCC

2004 LF 8A was removed from LF003 when LF 8A was reclassified as an MMRP site.

February 2005 Revised APAR reflecting updated groundwater classification and associated PCLs submitted to the TCEQ.

21 April 2005 Correspondence from TCEQ documenting conditional approval of the Draft Final APAR.

15 July 2005 Deed recordation with ICs to complete the regulatory site closure for TRRP Remedy Standard A, to note commercial land use is in effect. Filed with Bexar County Clerk

26 July 2005 TCEQ correspondence documenting approval of deed certification in July 2005 – Management stage: Final Remedial Action

2012 LF 10 and LF 12 property transferred to the National Cemetery Administration, U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs for the expansion of the Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery.

December 2012 PBR Project Management Plan technical approach to site closure at LF003 includes development of OES Plan, development of optimized LTM/annual inspection and reporting tasks, and submittal of PRACRs every 3 years

Current Management Stage (March 2013)

LTM

March 2013 First FYR

Site ID DA561 Area of Concern 13 late 1960s Information suggests that the property containing DA561 was formerly owned by the Zachry Construction Corporation, and was transferred to the Army sometime in the late 1960s. No other information is available regarding land ownership.

early 2008 A small volume of debris (glass and paper) was unearthed during grading and excavation associated with the construction of a stormwater retention pond in conjunction with a temporary parking lot; Fort Sam Houston personnel notified the TCEQ upon finding evidence of potential LF activities.

FSH-Five-Year Report (Draft)_20130401.docx Page 10 of 52

JBSA Fort Sam Houston Site Chronology – by Five-Year Review Site

Date Event

Site ID DA561 (cont.) Area of Concern 13

2008 TCEQ provided concurrence with proposed excavated fill management activities; the excavated area was backfilled with a portion of the excavated material. Residual materials were combined with surface soil removed in preparation for the parking lot construction. The residual material was stockpiled on site, characterized, and removed.

2009 A PA/SI was conducted to verify the presence of a former LF, collect samples to evaluate the potential release of chemicals, provide an assessment of the results, and recommend further actions (if necessary). Sample media collected during the PA/SI field activities included surface soil, subsurface soil, surface water, stream sediment, and groundwater.

13 August 2009 Meeting between Fort Sam Houston and TCEQ to discuss PA/SI findings, which did not provide evidence supporting the presence of a LF. TCEQ concurred that the PA/SI presented sufficient information to meet the requirements of an APAR under the TRRP rules. Management stage – Final Remedial Action

Current Management Stage (September 2012)

NFRAP

January 2013 First FYR

Site ID XE015 Landfill 8B

1960s through early 1970s

LF and surrounding area may have been used as a firing range; subsequently used as a LF for construction debris and (potentially) UXO

1995 LF assessment performed and Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis Landfill Assessment Report published by EA

1998 PA/SI performed and Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis PA/SI Report published by Weston

January 1999 MMRP work began at XE015 with a UXO clearance survey in January 1999.

2000 EM and resistivity studies were conducted to characterize the depth and extent of buried materials and the results summarized in the Electrical Resistivity Survey Report

2005 Metals Background Study prepared by Shaw and approved by TCEQ

6 May 2005 Draft Final Affected Property Assessment Report (APAR), Landfills 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5, 6, 7, and 8 published that summarized investigation activities performed at LF 8B

2006 RAP approved and response action implemented: (1) placement of several feet of soil cover in a low spot to limit rainfall infiltration and promote surface water runoff drainage away from the landfill surface, and (2) maintenance of fencing and signage around the site to preclude access to the site. Management stage: Final Remedial Action

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JBSA Fort Sam Houston Site Chronology – by Five-Year Review Site

Date Event

Site ID XE015 (cont.) Landfill 8B

23 May 2008 RACR submitted to the TCEQ describes response action completion. PRAC requirements include deed recordation with the Bexar County Clerk's office as well as the inclusion of language in the Fort Sam Houston Installation Management Plan stating that the LF Custodian (Army or its representative) is responsible for O&M of the LF, including signage and fencing.

11 July 2008 Correspondence from TCEQ documenting approval of the May 2008 RACR

10 October 2008 Deed certification recording remediation to TRRP Remedy Standard B requirements filed with Bexar County Clerk

Current Management Stage (March 2013)

NFRAP

March 2013 First FYR

Site ID AT018 Trench Warfare Complex

1917 through 1970 Area used for combat training including the use of practice grenades, small arms, rifle grenades, smoke, and demolition explosives

1970 through 1974 Area used for field training exercises limited to small arms, simulators, smoke, and riot control agents.

1974 through current National Guard Armory Complex constructed in the northeast portion of the site;

construction of the SAMMC and related office buildings.

November 2007 Stakeholder Draft Site Investigation was published, indicating AT018 was combined with MRS FTSH-011-R-01 by adjusting boundaries and consolidating contiguous or common use portions of range fans. At that time, NFA was recommended for MRS FTSH-011-R- 01 because (1) no evidence of MEC had been found during the historical records review and visual magnetometer survey, and (2) no MC had been detected above screening criteria.

April 2009 Munitions (e.g., stokes, mortars, and white phosphorous) were encountered at the site in 2010 during construction activities for the current SAMMC (U.S. Army 2010, EODT 2012)

2010 AT018 area deleted from MRS FTSH-011-R-01 (status NFA) because munitions were encountered, indicating the need for further investigation; area designated a stand-alone MMRP site

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JBSA Fort Sam Houston Site Chronology – by Five-Year Review Site

Date Event

Site ID AT018 (cont.) Trench Warfare Complex

June 2012 Report published detailing the MEC support services conducted to enable construction activities of the SAMMC-N Annex (a new addition to the existing SAMMC) by EODT. At least 76 potential MPPEH items were identified and addressed by UXO or EOD personnel.

Activities did not include environmental sampling to determine nature and extent of MEC and MC.

Current Management Stage (March 2013)

Nature and extent of MEC and MC remain to be determined – Proposed RFI under JBSA PBR Contract

March 2013 First FYR

APAR Affected Property Assessment Report COC chemical of concern

EM electromagnetic EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal

FYR Five-Year Review IC institutional control

ID identifier IRA Interim Remedial Action

LF landfill LTM long-term monitoring

MC munitions constituents MCL maximum contaminant levels

MEC munitions and explosives of concern MMRP Military Munitions Response Program

MNA monitored natural attenuation MPPEH material potentially presenting an explosive hazard

MRS Munitions Response Site NFA No Further Action

NFRAP No Further Response Action Planned NOD Notice of Deficiency

OES optimized exit strategy O&M operations and maintenance

PBR Performance-based Remediation PA/SI Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection

PCL protective concentration level PCE tetrachloroethene

RACR Response Action Completion Report PRAC(R) post-response action care (report)

RAP Response Action Plan RAER Response Action Effectiveness Report

RFI RCRA Facility Investigation RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

TCEQ

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality SAMMC San Antonio Military Medical Center

TRRP Texas Risk Reduction Program TNRCC Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission

VOC volatile organic compound UXO unexploded ordnance

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Figure II-1 ID030 Site Detail

Approximate location of the former dry cleaning equipment

Plume Management Zone Boundary MW-5

MW-1

MW-3

MW-4

MW-2

TITLE:

ID030 Site Detail Five-Year Review Task Order No. 0154 JBSA Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis, Texas

0 100 20050

Feet

Drawing:

Date:

Chkd:

B. Mulkey Dwn: FIGURE:

V. Wark

03/20/13

FTSH1121

II-1

Legend

Response Action Monitoring Well

Plume Management Zone Boundary

Former Location of Building 330

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Figure II-1 LF003 Site Detail

TITLE:

LF003 Site Detail Five-Year Review Task Order No. 0154 JBSA Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis, Texas

0 150 30075

Feet

Drawing:

Date:

Chkd:

B. Mulkey Dwn: FIGURE:

V. Wark

03/20/13

FTSH1121

II-2

Legend

Landfill 10

Landfill 12

JBSA Fort Sam Houston Boundary

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Figure II-2 DA561 Site Detail

TITLE:

DA561 Site Detail Five-Year Review Task Order No. 0154 JBSA Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis, Texas

0 125 25062.5

Feet

Drawing:

Date:

Chkd:

B. Mulkey Dwn: FIGURE:

V. Wark

03/20/13

FTSH1121

II-3

Legend

Soil Affected Area

Groundwater Affected Area

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Figure II-3 XE015 Site Detail

Photo 21

Photo 19

Photo 20

Photo 22 Photo 23

Photo 24

TITLE:

XE015 Site Detail Five-Year Review Task Order No. 0154 JBSA Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis, Texas

0 150 30075

Feet

Drawing:

Date:

Chkd:

B. Mulkey Dwn: FIGURE:

V. Wark

03/26/13

FTSH1121

II-4

Legend Site Inspection Photo

Landfill 8B

JBSA Fort Sam Houston Boundary

Notes:

Refer to Attachment 3 for photos.

Arrow points in the direction the photo was taken.

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Figure II-4 AT018 Site Detail

TITLE:

AT018 Site Detail Five-Year Review Task Order No. 0154 JBSA Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis, Texas

0 150 30075

Feet

Drawing:

Date:

Chkd:

B. Mulkey Dwn: FIGURE:

V. Wark

03/20/13

FTSH1121

II-5

Legend

AT018

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III. JBSA FORT SAM HOUSTON BACKGROUND 1

The Air Force is the lead agency for JBSA, comprising three primary locations at JBSA-2 Fort Sam Houston, JBSA-Lackland, and JBSA-Randolph plus eight other operating 3 locations including Camp Bullis. In 2005, the DoD received Congressional authorization 4 for a Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Round. Under the BRAC Joint Basing 5 Recommendation for San Antonio, installation support functions at the Army's Fort Sam 6 Houston were combined with those at Randolph and Lackland Air Force Bases under a 7 single organization to form what is the largest joint base in the DoD. The Air Force 8 established the 802nd Air Base Wing to provide installation support across all JBSA 9 locations and its Air Force commander serves as the JBSA commander. The 802nd CES 10 is the installation support function that manages the IRP at JBSA (USAF 2012a). 11

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 12

The following descriptions of the physical characteristics underlying the FYR sites have 13 been generalized in accordance with previous investigations at JBSA Fort Sam Houston. 14

Physiographically, Fort Sam Houston is located on the Black Prairie between the 15 Austin Chalk Cuesta to the southeast and the Balcones Escarpment to the northwest. The 16 average rainfall for the region is about 30 inches per year. 17

Topography at Fort Sam Houston is characterized by rolling hills adjacent to bottom land 18 areas along Salado Creek. Surface elevations across Fort Sam Houston range from 19 approximately 790 feet above mean sea level down to 615 feet along Salado Creek where 20 the creek exits the installation. 21

Fort Sam Houston lies near the boundary between the Balcones Fault Zone and the 22 Gulf Coastal Plain. The Balcones Fault zone is characterized by northeast-trending normal 23 faults that dip toward the Gulf Coast. No faults have been mapped at Fort Sam Houston, 24 although several are present north of the installation. 25

Local geology at Fort Sam Houston is composed of recent alluvial and terrace deposits 26 that are Quaternary in age. These unconformably overlie fine-grained silt and clay 27 sediments of the Upper Cretaceous Navarro Group. Recent alluvial terrace deposits are 28 clay-rich and range in size from clay-silt to clayey-sandy-gravel deposited along fluvial 29 channels. These sediments are typically heterogeneous varying is composition both 30 laterally and vertically through the soil profile (U.S. Army 2009a). 31

The San Antonio area is one of the most developed groundwater-use areas in the state of 32 Texas. The freshwater zone of the Edwards Aquifer is the sole-source aquifer for the 33 City of San Antonio. In the San Antonio region, the Edwards Aquifer extends 180 miles 34 across parts of six counties. The width of the freshwater zone varies from 5 to 40 miles 35 across the region, and the regional subsurface dip of the aquifer is about 100 feet per mile 36 to the south and southeast. 37

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Recharge to the Edwards Aquifer occurs along the Balcones Escarpment, where 1 extensive faulting has exposed the Edwards formation at land surface. The 2 Edwards Aquifer recharge zone is located several miles north of Fort Sam Houston. 3 Recharge to the Edwards Aquifer occurs directly through the porous limestone, especially 4 where it is exposed in stream channels across the outcrop area. With the exception of the 5 Guadalupe River, all streams that traverse the outcrop lose much of their base flow and 6 stormwater runoff to the aquifer. 7

Water entering through the Recharge zone generally moves to the southeast toward the 8 confined part of the Edwards Aquifer. Once the water reaches the confined, or artesian, 9 zone of the aquifer, it moves in an east-to-northeast direction, where it discharges through 10 wells and springs. Groundwater flow patterns in the aquifer are primarily controlled by 11 the continuity of permeable strata and by faults. Fort Sam Houston is located over the 12 Artesian Zone of the Edwards Aquifer. 13

In Bexar County, the Edwards Aquifer comprises the Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks 14 of the Georgetown Limestone and the underlying Edwards Group. The upper confining 15 unit consists of extremely low permeability clays and marls of the Del Rio clay. The 16 lower confining unit is a dense carbonate known as the Glen Rose formation. The 17 heterogeneous aquifer is composed of hard, porous, fossiliferous limestone and dolomite 18 and ranges in thickness from 450 to 600 feet (U.S. Army 2009b). At Fort Sam Houston, 19 the Navarro Clay is typically found close to the surface (less than 20 feet below ground 20 surface [bgs]). Groundwater is present in alluvial gravel that lies immediately above the 21 Navarro at depths as shallow as 6 feet bgs (EA 1995). 22

LAND AND RESOURCE USE 23

Fort Sam Houston is located in south central Texas, three miles northeast of downtown 24 San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. Its boundaries encompass a total area of 3,150 acres. 25 The installation is bounded on the east and south by Interstate Highway 35, on the 26 southwest by Mahncke Park and the San Antonio Botanical Gardens, on the north and 27 northwest by the San Antonio Country Club and the Terrell Hills neighborhood, and on 28 the northeast side by John James Park. 29

Fort Sam Houston originated in 1845 when the Army established a garrison and regional 30 headquarters in rented buildings and a Quartermaster supply depot in the Alamo. After 31 the Civil War, the Army began to move out of the city onto land donated by the City of 32 San Antonio. After construction and expansion, the post at San Antonio was designated 33 as Fort Sam Houston in 1890. 34

Fort Sam Houston is a National Historic Landmark, and the birthplace of military 35 aviation. The post evolved into the “Home of Army Medicine” after World War II and 36 into the “Home of Military Medicine” with the establishment of the Medical Education 37 and Training Campus in 2010. The post has many initiatives to retain the historic 38 character of the post while serving as a modern, model Joint Base for the future 39 (USAF 2012b). 40

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HISTORY OF CONTAMINATION 1

The History of Contamination identifies historical activities that caused contamination, 2 when the contamination took place, the type of activity that caused the contamination, the 3 types of hazardous substances, and volumes/proportions, if known. The History of 4 Contamination for each of the five sites addressed by this FYR is provided in 5 Tables III-1 through III-5. 6

INITIAL RESPONSE 7

The Initial Response identifies CERCLA removal actions, non-CERCLA 8 removals/responses, closures, ceasing of operations, as well as governing agreements and 9 the parties involved in these activities. The Initial Response for each of the five sites 10 addressed by this FYR is provided in Tables III-1 through III-5. 11

SUMMARY OF BASIS FOR TAKING ACTION 12

The Basis for Taking Action identifies the contaminants found at the site by the 13 appropriate media type (e.g., soil, groundwater, surface water, air) and notes the effect or 14 potential effect on public health and the environment. In order for a public health threat to 15 exist, potentially complete pathways for exposure must exist at a site. An exposure 16 pathway is comprised of the following four elements: 17

1. A source and mechanism of chemical release 18

2. An environmental transport medium 19

3. A human exposure point 20

4. A feasible human exposure route at the exposure route 21

A summary of the basis for taking action at each of the five sites addressed by this FYR 22 is provided in Tables III-1 through III-5. 23

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Table III-1 1 Background Information: ID030 2

Physical Characteristics

ID030 (Building 330, formerly known as the Camp Travis Laundry Facility) is the site of a former dry cleaning facility located in the south central portion of JBSA Fort Sam Houston near the intersection of Scott Road and Wilson Street. The facility was constructed in 1922 and was considered a historical building. Building 330 operated as a laundry facility from approximately 1970 until 1998. The laundry facility was decommissioned and the building was partially demolished in 2003, leaving only a small portion of the structure, including the saw-tooth roof and frame. The remaining structure at the site was determined structurally unsound for the intended re-use; therefore, in November 2006, the building was demolished (U.S. Army 2012). The site is approximately 1,600 square feet in size, and is currently an open field.

Land and Resource Use

Former land use: The facility was constructed in 1922; it is unknown what the building was used for before it became a laundry facility around 1970. It operated as a laundry through 1998.

Current land use: The site is currently an open grassy area.

Projected land use: JBSA Fort Sam Houston intends to maintain ID030 as is (i.e., maintain the open area) for the foreseeable future.

History of Contamination

One dry cleaning unit was reportedly used at the laundry facility during operation from 1970 through 1998; this unit may have been a source of PCE and TCE contamination.

Initial Response From 2003 to April 2005, several environmental investigations were performed as part of the APAR completed in preparation for planned redevelopment of the property. Soil removal actions were performed as interim response actions: In November 2006, after the building was demolished, 700 cubic yards of contaminated soil was excavated and disposed.