Final SCR PN 68822 - SR EOD Unit.pdf

FINAL

SITE CONDITION REPORT

FY09 PN 68822

EOD UNIT OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE FACILITIES

SCHOFIELD BARRACKS, OAHU, HAWAII

May 23, 2008

Prepared for:

U.S. Corps of Engineers

Honolulu Engineer District Contract No: W9128A-07-P-0049

Prepared by:

62-180 Emerson Road Haleiwa, Hawaii 96712

Site Condition Report

EOD Unit Operations and Maintenance Facilities Schofield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii i May 23, 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................iii

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

1.2 PURPOSE

1.3 DETAILED SCOPE OF SERVICES

1.4 SIGNIFICANT ASSUMPTIONS

1.5 LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS

1.6 SPECIAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS

1.7 USER RELIANCE

2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION

2.1 LOCATION AND LEGAL DESCRIPTION

2.2 SITE AND VICINITY GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

2.3 CURRENT USE OF THE PROPERTY

2.4 DESCRIPTIONS OF STRUCTURES, ROADS, AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS ON

THE SITE

2.5 CURRENT USES OF THE ADJOINING PROPERTIES

3.0 USER PROVIDED INFORMATION

3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL LIENS OR ACTIVITY AND USE LIMITATIONS

3.2 SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE

3.3 COMMONLY KNOWN OR REASONABLE ASCERTAINABLE INFORMATION

3.4 VALUATION REDUCTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

3.5 OWNER, PROPERTY MANAGER, AND OCCUPANT INFORMATION

3.6 REASON FOR PERFORMING THE SITE CONDITION REPORT

3.7 OTHER INFORMATION

4.0 RECORDS REVIEW

4.1 STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD SOURCES

4.1.1 Overview

4.1.2 U.S. EPA National Priorities Site List

4.1.3 U.S. EPA Delisted NPL Site List

4.1.4 U.S. EPA CERCLIS List

4.1.5 U.S. EPA CERCLIS NFRAP Site List

4.1.6 U.S. EPA RCRA CORRACTS Facilities List

4.1.7 U.S.EPA RCRAInfo List for TSD Facilities

4.1.8 U.S. EPA RCRA Generators

4.1.9 U.S. Institutional / Engineering Control Registries

4.1.10 U.S. EPA ERNS List

4.1.11 State of Hawaii Hazardous Waste Sites List

4.1.12 State of Hawaii Landfill / Solid Waste Disposal Site List

4.1.13 State of Hawaii LUST List

4.1.14 State of Hawaii Registered UST List

4.1.15 State of Hawaii Institutional Control Registry

EOD Unit Operations and Maintenance Facilities Schofield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii ii May 23, 2008

4.1.16 State of Hawaii Voluntary Response Program Sites

4.1.17 State of Hawaii Brownfield Sites

4.2 ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD SOURCES

4.3 PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCES

4.3.1 USGS Topographic Map Coverage

4.3.2 Geologic and Hydrogeologic Setting

4.4 HISTORICAL USE INFORMATION

4.4.1 Historical Review Sources

4.4.2 History of Schofield Barracks

4.4.3 Past Uses of the Subject Property and Adjoining Properties

5.0 SITE RECONNAISSANCE

5.1 METHODOLOGY AND LIMITING CONDITIONS

5.2 GENERAL SITE SETTING

5.3 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN CONNECTION WITH

IDENTIFIED USES

5.4 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE AND PETROLEUM CONTAINERS (NOT NECESSARILY

IN CONNECTION WITH IDENTIFIED USES)

5.5 UNIDENTIFIED SUBSTANCE CONTAINERS

5.6 STORAGE TANKS

5.7 INDICATIONS OF PCBS

5.8 INDICATIONS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

5.9 MIGRATION OF OFF-SITE CONTAMINATION

5.10 OTHER CONDITIONS OF CONCERN

6.0 INTERVIEWS

6.1 INTERVIEW WITH CURRENT OWNER / FORMER OWNER / OCCUPANTS

6.2 INTERVIEW WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL OFFICIALS

7.0 FINDINGS AND OPINIONS

8.0 CONCLUSIONS

9.0 DEVIATIONS

10.0 REFERENCES

11.0 SIGNATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS

12.0 QUALIFICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS

LIST OF ACRONYMS

APPENDICES

Appendix A Figures

Appendix B Photographs

Appendix C The EDR Radius Map with GeoCheck®

Appendix D Qualifications of the Environmental Professionals

Appendix E Interview Notes and Requests for Information

Appendix F Records Review Checklist

EOD Unit Operations and Maintenance Facilities Schofield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii iii May 23, 2008

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Element Environmental LLC completed a Site Condition Report (SCR) on the PN 68822 Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Unit Operations and Maintenance Facilities project site (the site) which consists of approximately 9-acres of land. The site is located within South Range, also known as Kunia Range, in Schofield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii. The property is currently owned by the United States of America, managed by the United States Army Garrison Hawaii Directorate of Public Works, and operated by Schofield Barracks Range Operations.

The SCR was performed in accordance with the scope and limitations of the American Society of Testing and Materials Practice E 1527-05 to identify the presence of recognized environmental conditions associated with the site and included a review of environmental regulatory records in the site vicinity, a review of the site history, a review of the site geology and hydrogeology, a site reconnaissance, and interviews.

This assessment has revealed no significant evidence of recognized environmental conditions at the site.

The area was historically used for pineapple cultivation, where pesticides and herbicides were likely applied as part of the normal agricultural operations from the early 1940s to 2005. In addition, empty fumigant drums may have been buried within or adjacent to the site. Empty fumigant drum burial in agricultural areas was a legal, common and recommended practice for disposal. Due to the operations, residual levels of pesticides and herbicides are probably present at the site. Although proper application of pesticides and herbicides and empty drum disposal does not constitute a release of hazardous chemicals, determination of the residual levels is recommended.

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SITE CONDITION REPORT

EOD Unit Operations and Maintenance Facilities

May 23, 2008

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

This report presents the results of Element Environmental LLC’s (E2’s) Site Condition Report (SCR) of the FY09 PN 68822 Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Unit Operations and Maintenance Facilities.

The general location of the PN 68822 site is shown on Figure 1 (Site Vicinity Map) in Appendix A.

This report details the work performed to identify the presence of recognized environmental conditions associated with this site. Throughout this SCR the PN 68822 site is referred to as the subject site, the site, or the facility.

1.2 PURPOSE

E2 conducted this SCR to identify recognized environmental conditions associated with the site. The SCR follows the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments. The guidance defines recognized environmental conditions as the “presence or likely presence of any hazardous substances or petroleum products on a property under conditions that indicate an existing release, a past release, or a material threat of a release of any hazardous substances or petroleum products into structures on the property or into the ground, groundwater, or surface water of the property” (ASTM, 2005). Recognized environmental conditions do not include de minimis conditions that generally do not present a threat to human health or the environment and that generally would not be the subject of an enforcement action if brought to the attention of appropriate governmental agencies

(ASTM, 2005).

This SCR constitutes all appropriate inquiry into the previous ownership and uses of the property consistent with good commercial or customary practice and is intended to permit the SCR user to satisfy one of the requirements to qualify for the innocent landowner, contiguous property owner, or bona fide prospective purchaser limitations on Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) liability, hereinafter, the “landowner liability protections” or “LLPs”.

1.3 DETAILED SCOPE OF SERVICES

E2’s SCR was performed in accordance with the ASTM "Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process" (ASTM Designation E 1527-05). The ASTM standard defines good commercial and customary practice in the United States of America for conducting an environmental site assessment of a parcel of commercial real estate with respect to the range of contaminants within the scope of CERCLA (42 United States Code (U.S.C.) §9601) and petroleum products (ASTM, 2005). Adherence to the ASTM standard is intended to limit liability of property owners from inherited environmental contamination.

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We performed the following tasks in completion of the SCR:

• Review of regulatory records. E2 reviewed standard environmental record sources including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA’s) Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Information System (CERCLIS) database, EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) database, U.S. Institutional Controls database, U.S. Engineering Controls database, EPA’s Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS) database, State of Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) Office of Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response (HEER) site list, DOH Underground Storage Tank (UST) lists, DOH list of landfills and other solid waste facilities, DOH Voluntary Response Program (VRP) sites list, and DOH Brownfield sites list.

• Review of site history. E2 reviewed reasonably ascertainable standard historical sources including historical maps; aerial photographs; building permits, zoning records and property tax records as available online; various printed publications as well as publications posted on the internet; and documentation including a previous report and the preliminary title report provided by the user of the SCR and/or the user’s representative.

• Review of site geology and hydrogeology. E2 reviewed reasonably ascertainable published information on surface and subsurface conditions at the site and surrounding area. E2 used this information to assess topography, drainage, surface water bodies, anticipated subsurface geology, and groundwater occurrence and usage in the area.

• Site reconnaissance. E2 performed a site reconnaissance of the property to note visual signs of contamination, and conducted a limited assessment of portions of the neighboring properties visible from accessible portions of the subject property boundaries. During our site reconnaissance we specifically looked for stained soil, dead or stressed vegetation, hazardous substances, petroleum products, electrical and hydraulic equipment, aboveground and underground storage tanks, disposal areas, maintenance areas, wells, sumps, drains, and cesspools/sewers.

• Interviews. E2 interviewed representatives of the site owner and users including Ms. Chrissie Phelps, Colorado State University (CSU) Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands (CEMML) Contractor, Directorate of Public Works (DPW) Environmental Division; Mr. Shane Bourke, UST/AST Program Support, CSU CEMML Contractor, DPW Environmental Division; Mr. David Morisaki, Master Planner, DPW Planning Division; Mr. Kenneth Torre, Schofield Barracks Range Operations Supervisor; Mr. Pat Orten, Schofield Barracks Range Control; Ms. Ginger Sagum, Realty Specialist, DPW Operations and Maintenance Division; and Mr. Donald Schlack, Project Manager, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Honolulu Engineer District (HED) regarding past and current use and activities on the site and adjoining properties.

In addition, E2 interviewed representatives of the former site users including Mr. Gordon Rezentes, General Manager, Del Monte Fresh Produce (Hawaii), Inc. (formerly Del Monte Oahu Plantation); and Mr. Alberto Jalil, Agricultural Supervisor, Del Monte Fresh Produce (Hawaii), Inc. regarding past use and activities on the site and adjoining properties.

• Data evaluation and report preparation. We evaluated the information collected and prepared this report that documents our assessment and presents our findings, opinions, and conclusions.

1.4 SIGNIFICANT ASSUMPTIONS

Significant assumptions include the following:

1) The information provided during interviews with representatives of the user and owner is complete and accurate and

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2) The information provided by the regulatory database search service is complete and accurate.

1.5 LIMITATIONS AND EXCEPTIONS

SCRs, by their very nature, are limited. E2 has endeavored to meet what it believes is the applicable standard of care and, in so doing is obliged to advise the USACE HED of SCR limitations. This SCR did not assess environmental issues or conditions at the property that are outside the scope of ASTM Practice 1527-05, including asbestos-containing materials (ACMs), radon, lead-based paint, lead in drinking water, wetlands, regulatory compliance, cultural and historic resources, industrial hygiene, health and safety, ecological resources, endangered species, indoor air quality, biological agents and mold, and site geotechnical concerns, nor did it include any sampling or testing for biological agents and mold, radon, methane, ACMs, lead-based paint, or other environmental contaminants. Our investigation was limited to the procedures described in the Phase I ESA Standard Practice (ASTM, 2005).

The conclusions presented in this report are professional opinions based solely upon visual observations of the site and vicinity and our interpretation of the available historical and regulatory information and documents reviewed. They are intended exclusively for the purpose outlined herein and apply only to the site location and project indicated.

Our findings and opinions are based on information that we obtained on given dates through records review, site reconnaissance, interviews, and related activities. It is possible that other information exists or subsequently has become known, just as it is possible for conditions we observed to have changed after our observation. For these and associated reasons, E2 and many of its peers routinely advise clients for SCR services that it would be a mistake to place unmerited faith in findings and opinions conveyed via SCR reports. E2 cannot under any circumstances warrant or guarantee that not finding indicators of hazardous substances or petroleum products means that hazardous substances or petroleum products do not exist on the site.

1.6 SPECIAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS

E2’s services are performed, within the limits prescribed by our Clients, with the usual thoroughness and competence of the consulting profession in accordance with the standard for professional services at the time those services are rendered. No warranty or representation, either expressed or implied, is included or intended in our proposals, contracts, or report.

Findings and opinions presented herein apply to site conditions existing at the time of our investigation and those reasonably foreseeable; they cannot necessarily apply to site changes of which we are not aware and have not had the opportunity to evaluate.

1.7 USER RELIANCE

This report is intended for the sole use of the USACE HED and their authorized representatives. The scope of services performed in execution of this investigation may not be appropriate to satisfy the needs of other users, and any use or re-use of this document or the findings, conclusions, or recommendations presented herein is at the sole risk of said user.

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2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION

2.1 LOCATION AND LEGAL DESCRIPTION

The MILCON PN 68822 site is located within the South Range of Schofield Barracks on Oahu, Hawaii.

The Tax Map Key number for the South Range of Schofield Barracks is (1) 9-2-005:002. The site is a former pineapple cultivation area south of the Schofield Barracks main post (see Figure 1 - Site Vicinity Map, included in Appendix A). The site has an area of approximately 9 acres.

2.2 SITE AND VICINITY GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

PN 68822 is located within the South Range of Schofield Barracks. The area was used for pineapple cultivation as recently as 2005. The area has generally been left fallow since the last crop of pineapples was harvested. The pineapple fields have overgrown with other vegetation mainly consisting of tall sword grass.

The main area to be developed within South Range is bounded by two tributaries of Waikele Stream to the north and south. The tributaries converge to form the eastern boundary of South Range.

The site is located within the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood hazard zone designation Zone X (FEMA, 2007). Flood Zone X includes areas of 500-year flood; areas of 100-year flood with average depths of less than one foot or with drainage areas less than one square mile; and areas protected by levees from 100-year flood (FEMA, 2007).

The site is located outside of the City and County of Honolulu Civil Defense Tsunami Evacuation Zone

(NOAA, 2007).

The climate in the region of Schofield Barracks is warm and relatively dry with mean monthly temperatures ranging from 67.6 to 76.2 degrees Fahrenheit (WRCC, 2007). The average annual rainfall in Schofield Barracks is approximately 47.00 inches per year (WRCC, 2007).

2.3 CURRENT USE OF THE PROPERTY

The subject property is currently used by Range Operations as an off-road driver training area.

2.4 DESCRIPTIONS OF STRUCTURES, ROADS, AND OTHER IMPROVEMENTS ON THE SITE

The site was used for pineapple cultivation until 2005 and has been left relatively fallow ever since. The site had dirt roads traversing the pineapple fields that are now mainly overgrown. There are no other structures or improvements on the site. Figure 1 in Appendix A shows the location Hauula Street.

Photographs of the site are included in Appendix B.

2.5 CURRENT USES OF THE ADJOINING PROPERTIES

The PN 68822 site is surrounded by other portions of South Range in all directions. The current use of the adjacent portions of the South Range is for off-road driver training.

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3.0 USER PROVIDED INFORMATION

3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL LIENS OR ACTIVITY AND USE LIMITATIONS

DPW personnel are not aware of any environmental cleanup liens against the site.

3.2 SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE

DPW personnel have no specialized knowledge or experience related to the site or nearby facilities.

3.3 COMMONLY KNOWN OR REASONABLE ASCERTAINABLE INFORMATION

DPW personnel are not aware of commonly known or reasonably ascertainable information about the site that would help identify conditions indicative of releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances or petroleum products.

3.4 VALUATION REDUCTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

DPW personnel did not indicate any valuation reduction of the subject property due to environmental issues.

3.5 OWNER, PROPERTY MANAGER, AND OCCUPANT INFORMATION

South Range is owned by the United States of America, specifically the U.S. Army, Pacific (USARPAC).

The site is managed by DPW and used by Range Operations.

3.6 REASON FOR PERFORMING THE SITE CONDITION REPORT

The SCR was conducted at the request of the USACE HED as part of the due diligence process prior to construction at the site.

3.7 OTHER INFORMATION

DPW has supplied a cultural resource investigation report of Schofield Barracks as well as a preliminary site plan of the proposed construction (see Figure 2 – Project Boundary Map, included in Appendix A).

There are no cultural resources located within this site.

USACE HED has supplied an Environmental Baseline Survey (EBS) (USACE, 2002) and a Confirmation Soil Sampling Report (Dawson, 2006). The EBS was prepared for the Proposed South Range Land Acquisition. The Confirmation Soil Sampling Report was prepared for proposed development of portions of South Range.

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The findings of the EBS were:

• Agricultural practices included the injection of pesticides (e.g., fumigants and nematocides) into soil from 4 to 14 inches below ground surface once every three years. Prior to 1981, these fumigants were frequently mixed with diesel, paint thinner, or “white gas” to dilute to the proper concentration prior to application.

• There were 11 potential empty fumigation drum burial sites identified within the South Range area to be acquired by the Army. In a previous investigation of the Del Monte Superfund site, an attempt was made to locate eight of the empty fumigant drum burial sites. Only three of the burial sites were located and verified. Analytical results from soil samples collected from the three sites indicated that contaminants were either not detected or detected at concentrations below residential EPA Region 9 Preliminary Remediation Goals (See Section 4.2 for detailed summary).

• Fumigant spill areas at Kunia, approximately 4,000 feet south of the area to be acquired, resulted in the inclusion of Del Monte’s Oahu Plantation on the EPA’s list of Superfund sites in 1994. The fumigant spills contaminated the underlying perched and basal groundwater aquifers and affected the nearby drinking water wells (Kunia Wells). The contaminant plume appears to be migrating away from the South Range area to be acquired in a south-southwest direction. The groundwater within the South Range area to be acquired is a high-level aquifer which is hydraulically up-gradient of the Kunia Wells basal aquifer.

• The Del Monte Superfund site status should not be affected by changes in land ownership or tenants. The portions of the South Range area to be acquired that are included in the Del Monte Superfund site would continue to be managed in accordance with applicable regulations and EPA oversight.

• Schofield Barracks, located north of the area to be acquired by the Army, was removed from the Superfund site list in 2000. A trichloroethene plume was identified in groundwater underlying portions of Schofield Barracks East Range (located east of Wheeler Army Airfield), Wheeler Army Airfield, and Kunia. The leading edge of the plume is near the area to be acquired by the Army.

However, the portions of the plume that exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water is approximately 2,500 east of the area to be acquired.

• Based on the available information, the area to be acquired by the Army was classified as a Category 3 and was suitable for transfer. Category 3 applies to areas where release, disposal, and/or migration of hazardous substances has occurred, but at concentrations that do not require removal or remedial response.

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The objective for the confirmation soil sampling was to evaluate the nature and extent of contamination in the soil at the site and its potential impact on the quality of storm water runoff via drainage layers beneath future paved areas (Dawson, 2006). The contaminants of concern for the Confirmation Soil Sampling Report were Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons as Diesel, Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds, Chlorinated Pesticides, Nitroamines/Nitroaromatics, and other analytes to determine RCRA Hazardous Waste characteristics. The results of the Confirmation Soil Sampling Report were:

• Soil sampling at Proposed Qualifying Training Range 2, which is approximately 4,500 feet west-southwest of the PN 68822 site, consisted of 62 samples collected from 21 locations. None of the analytes were detected above the DOH Tier 1 Action Levels.

• Soil sampling at Stryker Brigade Combat Team Motor Pool, which is approximately 1,500 feet northwest of the PN 68822 site, consisted of 135 samples collected from 45 locations. There was one detection of 4,4’-DDT above the DOH Tier 1 Action Level, but below the EPA Region 9 Residential and Industrial Preliminary Remediation Goals. All other analytes, if detected, were below the DOH Tier 1 Action Level.

• Soil sampling at Deployment Storage Area l, which is approximately 1,500 feet east-northeast of the PN 68822 site, consisted of 31 samples collected from nine locations. None of the analytes were detected above the DOH Tier 1 Action Levels.

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4.0 RECORDS REVIEW

4.1 STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD SOURCES

4.1.1 Overview

To identify the presence of adverse environmental conditions at the site, several published sources of environmental records were reviewed. This section lists the records that were searched and the results of each search.

ASTM E 1527-05 specifies a search distance for specific environmental record sources. The following record sources were searched for incidents or sites within the listed search distances of the site:

Standard Environmental Record Sources Search Distance (miles) Federal NPL (National Priorities List) site list 1.0 Federal Delisted NPL site list 0.5 Federal CERCLIS (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Information System) list

0.5

Federal CERCLIS NFRAP (No Further Remedial Action Planned) site list 0.5 Federal RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) CORRACTS facilities list (facilities subject to Corrective Action under RCRA)

1.0

Federal RCRAInfo list for TSD (treatment, storage, and disposal) 0.5 Federal RCRAInfo list for generators Site and adjoining properties Federal institutional control/engineering control registries Site only Federal ERNS (Emergency Response Notification System) list Site only State list of hazardous waste sites identified for investigation or remediation (NPL or CERCLIS equivalents)

1.0

State landfill and/or solid waste disposal site list 0.5 State leaking UST (underground storage tank) list 0.5 State registered UST list Site and adjoining properties State institutional control/engineering control registries Site only State voluntary cleanup sites 0.5 State Brownfield sites 0.5

E2 used a regulatory database search service, provided by Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR), to review the above Federal and State government databases. A copy of The EDR Radius Map with GeoCheck® is included in Appendix C. The following sections summarize the findings of the regulatory database search. In reviewing the environmental databases, it should be noted that such databases are not instantaneously updated by the specific regulatory agencies. Depending on the database and the agency, update frequency may be as infrequent as annually. The dates of the most recent updates for the searched environmental databases are listed in the EDR report in Appendix C.

The property was not listed in any of the databases searched by EDR.

4.1.2 U.S. EPA National Priorities Site List

The NPL is a subset of CERCLIS and identifies over 1,200 sites for priority cleanup under the Superfund Program. The ASTM designated search distance for the NPL is one mile. EDR located one NPL site (Schofield Barracks Landfill) within one mile of the site. The site located by EDR is the Schofield Barracks Landfill, which is not actually within one mile of the site. In addition, Schofield Barracks was not identified by EDR but is reported below.

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NPL

Site Name

Location Relative to the Subject Property

Site Status/Comments

Schofield Barracks (USARMY) Schofield Barracks (USARMY) Schofield, HI 96857

Various locations within Schofield Barracks

Operable Unit (OU) 1 Record of Decision (ROD) – 01/24/1996.

OU 2 ROD – 02/07/1997.

OU 3 ROD – 11/08/1996.

OU 4 ROD – 09/26/1996.

Delisted from NPL – 08/10/2000.

Latest Five Year Review completed – 03/01/2002.

It is unlikely that the NPL site listed above has negatively impacted the subject property as multiple investigations have been conducted to determine the nature and extent of contamination and none have indicated that the subject site has been affected.

In addition to the Schofield Barracks sites identified by EDR, there is an additional NPL site within one mile that was not identified by EDR. The site is located within the Del Monte Corporation (Oahu Plantation) NPL site.

NPL

Site Name

Location Relative to the Subject Property

Site Status/Comments

Del Monte Corp. (Oahu Plantation) 94-1000 Kunia Road Kunia, HI 96759

Located within the property Operable Unit (OU) 1 ROD – 09/25/2003.

Although the site is within the NPL property boundary, the portion of land acquired by the US Army in 2005 does not require further remedial actions (EPA, 2003). The OU 1 ROD states that although areas of potential contamination sources throughout the Del Monte Corp. (Oahu Plantation) were investigated, only contamination due to a release near Kunia Village requires further remediation (EPA, 2003). The release area is approximately 1.5 miles south (downgradient) of the site.

It is unlikely that the Del Monte Corp. (Oahu Plantation) NPL site listed above has negatively impacted the subject property as multiple investigations have been conducted to determine the nature and extent of contamination and none have indicated that the subject site has been affected.

4.1.3 U.S. EPA Delisted NPL Site List

The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) establish the criteria that the EPA uses to delete sites from the NPL. In accordance with 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 300.425(e), sites may be deleted from the NPL where no further response is appropriate. The ASTM designated search distance for delisted NPL sites is one-half mile. EDR did not identify any delisted NPL site within one-half mile of the site. However, Schofield Barracks was not identified by EDR but is reported below.

Delisted NPL Site Name

Location Relative to the Subject Property

Site Status/Comments

Schofield Barracks (USARMY) Schofield Barracks (USARMY) Schofield, HI 96857

Various locations within Schofield Barracks

Delisted from NPL – 08/10/2000.

It is unlikely that the Delisted NPL site listed above has negatively impacted the subject property as multiple investigations have been conducted to determine the nature and extent of contamination and none have indicated that the subject site has been affected.

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In addition to the Schofield Barracks delisted sites identified by EDR, there is an additional delisted NPL site within one-half mile that was not identified by EDR. The site is located within the Del Monte Corporation (Oahu Plantation) NPL site.

NPL

Site Name

Location Relative to the Subject Property

Site Status/Comments

Del Monte Corp. (Oahu Plantation) 94-1000 Kunia Road Kunia, HI 96759

Located within the property Poamoho Section Delisted from NPL – 01/13/2004.

A portion of the Del Monte Corporation (Oahu Plantation) NPL site was delisted from the NPL (FR, 2004).

The delisted portion is the Poamoho Section of the Oahu Plantation. The Poamoho Section of the Oahu Plantation is located north of Schofield Barracks.

It is unlikely that the Delisted NPL site listed above has negatively impacted the subject property as multiple investigations have been conducted to determine the nature and extent of contamination and none have indicated that the subject site has been affected.

4.1.4 U.S. EPA CERCLIS List

The CERCLIS list contains data on potentially hazardous sites that have been reported to the EPA by states, municipalities, private companies, and private persons pursuant to Section 103 of CERCLA.

CERCLIS contains sites which are either proposed to or on the NPL and sites which are in the screening and assessment phase for possible inclusion on the NPL. The ASTM designated search distance for CERCLIS sites is one-half mile. EDR identified one CERCLIS site within one-half mile of the site. The site located by EDR is the Schofield Barracks Landfill, which is not actually within one-half mile of the site.

In addition to the Schofield Barracks Landfill identified by EDR, there is an additional CERCLIS site within one mile that was not identified by EDR. The site is located within the Del Monte Corporation (Oahu Plantation) NPL site.

NPL

Site Name

Location Relative to the Subject Property

Site Status/Comments

Del Monte Corp. (Oahu Plantation) 94-1000 Kunia Road Kunia, HI 96759

Located within the property Operable Unit (OU) 1 ROD – 09/25/2003.

Although the site is within the NPL property boundary, the portion of land acquired by the US Army in 2005 does not require further remedial actions (EPA, 2003). The OU 1 ROD states that although areas of potential contamination sources throughout the Del Monte Corp. (Oahu Plantation) were investigated, only contamination due to a release near Kunia Village requires further remediation (EPA, 2003). The release area is approximately 1.5 miles south (downgradient) of the site.

It is unlikely that the Del Monte Corp. (Oahu Plantation) NPL site listed above has negatively impacted the subject property as multiple investigations have been conducted to determine the nature and extent of contamination and none have indicated that the subject site has been affected.

4.1.5 U.S. EPA CERCLIS NFRAP Site List

Archived sites are sites that have been removed and archived from the inventory of CERCLIS sites.

Archived status indicates that, to the best of EPA’s knowledge, assessment at a site has been completed and that EPA has determined no further steps will be taken to list this site on the NPL, unless information

EOD Unit Operations and Maintenance Facilities Schofield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii

11 May 23, 2008 indicates this decision was not appropriate or other considerations require a recommendation for listing at a later time. This decision does not necessarily mean that there is no hazard associated with a given site;

it only means that, based upon available information, the location is not judged to be a potential NPL site.

The ASTM designated search distance for NFRAP sites is one-half mile. EDR did not locate CERCLIS NFRAP sites within one-half mile of the site.

4.1.6 U.S. EPA RCRA CORRACTS Facilities List

EPA’s CORRACTS, or Corrective Action Sites database, identifies facilities that generate, treat, store, or dispose of hazardous wastes where RCRA corrective action activity has occurred. These sites have experienced spills or releases of hazardous chemicals prompting the need for corrective action. The ASTM designated search distance for the CORRACTS list is one mile. EDR did not locate any CORRACTS sites within one mile of the site.

4.1.7 U.S.EPA RCRAInfo List for TSD Facilities

The RCRAInfo list includes facilities that treat, store, dispose of, or incinerate hazardous waste (TSD facilities). The ASTM designated search distance for TSD facilities is one-half mile. EDR identified one TSD facility within one-half mile of the site. The site located by EDR is the Schofield Barracks Landfill, which is not actually within one-half mile of the site.

4.1.8 U.S. EPA RCRA Generators

RCRAInfo is EPA’s comprehensive information system, providing access to data supporting the RCRA of 1976 and the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984. RCRAInfo replaces the data recording and reporting abilities of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS). The database includes selective information on sites which generate, transport, store, treat and/or dispose of hazardous waste as defined by the RCRA. Conditionally exempt small quantity generators (CESQGs) generate less than 100 kilograms (kg) of hazardous waste, or less than one kg of acutely hazardous waste per month. Small quantity generators (SQGs) generate between 100 kg and 1,000 kg of hazardous waste per month. Large quantity generators (LQGs) generate over 1,000 kg of hazardous waste, or over one kg of acutely hazardous waste per month. Transporters are individuals or entities that move hazardous waste from the generator off-site to a facility that can recycle, treat, store, or dispose of the waste. TSD facilities treat, store, or dispose of the waste. The ASTM designated search distance for RCRA generators is the subject property and adjoining properties. EDR located one RCRA generator on the site or adjoining facilities. The site located by EDR is the Schofield Barracks Landfill, which is not actually adjacent to the site.

4.1.9 U.S. Institutional / Engineering Control Registries

U.S. Institutional / Engineering Control (IEC) registries are lists of sites that have institutional and/or engineering controls in place. Institutional controls include administrative measures, such as groundwater use restrictions, construction restrictions, property use restrictions, and post remediation care requirements intended to prevent exposure to contaminants remaining on site. Deed restrictions are generally required as part of the institutional controls. Engineering controls include various forms of caps, building foundations, liners, and treatment methods to create pathway elimination for regulated substances to enter environmental media or effect human health. The ASTM designated search distance for federal institutional / engineering control registries is the subject property only. EDR did not locate federal IEC sites on the site or within one mile of the site.

EOD Unit Operations and Maintenance Facilities Schofield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii

12 May 23, 2008

4.1.10 U.S. EPA ERNS List

ERNS is a national database of more than 365,000 records, which contains information on specific notification of releases of oil and hazardous substances to the environment. The ASTM designated search distance for ERNS incidents is the subject property only. No reported ERNS incidents have occurred on the site.

4.1.11 State of Hawaii Hazardous Waste Sites List

The State Hazardous Waste Sites (SHWS) records are the states’ equivalent to NPL or CERCLIS. These sites may or may not already be listed on the federal NPL or CERCLIS list. Priority sites planned for cleanup using state funds (state equivalent of Superfund) are identified along with sites where cleanup will be paid for by potentially responsible parties. The DOH HEER office maintains a Sites of Interest Database, which includes sites that HEER has an interest in, has investigated, or may investigate under Hawaii Revised Statute 128D (the State Superfund law). The ASTM designated search distance for the SHWS is one mile. EDR did not locate any SHWS within one mile of the site. However, two orphan SHWS sites were located within the one mile of the site. The SHWS are listed below.

State Hazardous Waste Site Name

Location Relative to the Subject Property

Site Status/Comments

Schofield Barracks Whole Barracks Renewal Menoher Road Schofield Barracks, HI 96757

¼ to ½ miles north (lower elevation)

SDAR NFA issued 11/25/2003.

Porter Site Cadet Sheridan Road Schofield Barracks, HI 96757

½ to 1 mile north (lower elevation)

Ongoing as of 07/24/2006.

It is unlikely that the Schofield Barracks Whole Barracks Renewal or the Porter Site listed above have negatively impacted the subject property due to its NFA issued and elevation relative to the site (lower in elevation), respectively.

4.1.12 State of Hawaii Landfill / Solid Waste Disposal Site List

The State DOH Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch has a list of permitted solid waste disposal facilities and landfills in the State of Hawaii. The ASTM designated search distance for permitted solid waste disposal sites / landfills is one-half mile. EDR did not locate permitted landfills or disposal sites within one-half mile of the site.

4.1.13 State of Hawaii LUST List

The leaking underground storage tank (LUST) database, compiled by the State DOH Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch (SHWB) UST Section, contains an inventory of reported leaking underground storage tank incidents. The ASTM designated search distance for LUST sites is one-half mile. EDR located two LUST sites within one-half mile of the site. However, one of the facilities located by EDR was the Schofield Barracks Landfill, which is not actually located within one-half mile of the subject site.

State LUST Site Name

Location Relative to the Subject Property

Site Status/Comments

Schofield Barracks – Leader Field Lyman Road x Hauula Street Fort Shafter, HI 96857

¼ to ½ west northwest (lower elevation)

Site Cleanup Initiated 12/14/1993.

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It is unlikely that the LUST site listed above has negatively impacted the site due to its elevation relative to the site.

4.1.14 State of Hawaii Registered UST List

USTs are regulated under RCRA and must be registered with the state department responsible for administering the UST program. The list of registered UST sites is compiled by the State DOH SHWB UST Section. The ASTM designated search distance for UST sites is the site and adjoining properties.

EDR located two UST sites within one-half mile of the site. However, one of the facilities located by EDR was the Schofield Barracks Landfill, which is not actually located adjacent to the subject site.

State UST Site Name

Location Relative to the Subject Property

Site Status/Comments

Schofield Barracks – Leader Field Lyman Road x Hauula Street Fort Shafter, HI 96857

¼ to ½ west northwest (lower elevation)

Permanently Out of Use:

750-gallon used oil (11/23/1993)

It is unlikely that the UST site listed above has negatively impacted the subject property due to its elevation relative to the site.

4.1.15 State of Hawaii Institutional Control Registry

Institutional controls on properties were obtained from the DOH VRP and Brownfield databases. The ASTM designated search distance for state institutional / engineering control registries is the subject property only. EDR did not identify the site on state institutional / engineering controls lists.

4.1.16 State of Hawaii Voluntary Response Program Sites

The ASTM designated search distance for DOH VRP sites is one-half mile. EDR did not identify DOH VRP sites listed within one-half mile of the site.

4.1.17 State of Hawaii Brownfield Sites

The ASTM designated search distance for state Brownfield sites is one-half mile. EDR did not identify state Brownfield sites within one-half mile of the site.

4.2 ADDITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RECORD SOURCES

The Del Monte Corp. (Oahu Plantation) ROD presented information from the Remedial Investigation (RI), which included an investigation of empty soil fumigant drum burial sites. In the past, empty soil fumigant drums were buried in agricultural areas on the Oahu Plantation (EPA, 2003). This was legally done as specified on the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) product labels.

The RI identified eleven potential empty fumigant drum burial sites within the South Range (See Figure 4, included in Appendix A). Eight of potential sites were located within Field 60 of the plantation, which is located approximately 1,500 feet northwest of the site. One potential site was located in Field 68 located approximately 1,500 feet west-southwest of PN 68822. One potential site was located in Field 67, which the majority of the PN 68822 site is a part of. One potential site was located in the ravine between Field 60 and 67, which is located approximately 200 feet north of PN 68821. Based on the RI report location map, the drum burial site located in Field 67 may be located within or adjacent to the PN 68822 site.

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Eight of the eleven potential empty fumigant drum burial sites were investigated during the RI. The eight sites investigated were all from Field 60. The investigation consisted of an attempt to locate the burial sites utilizing geophysical methods and analyzing subsurface soil samples from the burial sites that were located. Only three out of the eight potential empty fumigant drum burial sites were successfully located utilizing geophysical methods. Subsurface soil samples were collected from the three burial sites that were found. The sample analytical results from the soil sampling were all below the EPA Region 9 Residential Preliminary Remediation Goals. Based on the results of the RI, no further response actions were required for any of the empty fumigant drum burial sites.

A Phase I Environmental Site Assessment for the Del Monte Fields 6, 67, and 68, prepared by Golder Associates in 2007 was provided for review by Del Monte Fresh Produce (Hawaii), Inc.

4.3 PHYSICAL SETTING SOURCES

4.3.1 USGS Topographic Map Coverage

According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic maps of the area (Schofield Barracks Quadrangles), the property is located at approximately 21° 28’ 59.56’’ north latitude and 158° 4’ 19.31’’ west longitude (USGS, 2007). The elevation of the subject property is approximately 943 feet above mean sea level USGS, 2007). Topographic map coverage of the subject site is shown on Figure 1 in Appendix A.

4.3.2 Geologic and Hydrogeologic Setting

E2 reviewed published geologic and hydrogeologic reports and maps to obtain information regarding subsurface conditions in the general area of the site to evaluate potential migration of contaminants.

Geology and Soils

The island of Oahu has an area of 604 square miles and is comprised of four geomorphic provinces: 1) Koolau Range; 2) Waianae Range; 3) Schofield Plateau; and 4) Coastal Plain. The Koolau Range forms the eastern part of Oahu and forms the backdrop of Honolulu. The range is 37 miles long with a maximum elevation of 3,105 feet above mean sea level (msl) at Puu Konahuanui. It is the younger of the two ranges and is comprised of thin, narrow tholeiitic basaltic lava flows piled on each other with minor amounts of volcanic ash and numerous dikes. The Waianae Range which forms the western part of the island is 22 miles long with a maximum height of 4,025 feet above msl at Mount Kaala. The range is composed almost entirely of basaltic rock erupted between 2.8 to 3.5 million years ago from three rift zones. The Schofield Plateau which is located in the central portion of the island was formed by lavas from the Koolau Range banking against the older Waianae Range (Stearns, 1985).

Waianae Volcano is the older of the two and forms a range roughly 22 miles long, oriented in two principal directions trending towards the northeast and to the south and aligned with the two principal rift zones of the Volcano. Age dating (Presley, 1997) of Waianae lavas indicates that both the main shield building lavas and later volcanic landforms, such as Puu Kapolei, erupted over a relatively short time period between 2.9 to 3.3 million years ago. Waianae Volcano became extinct before the initiation of volcanic activity on Koolau Volcano to the east, as evidenced in the field by exposures that show Koolau lavas overlapping the eroded, soil-covered Waianae lavas.

The principal shield building lavas of Koolau Volcano erupted roughly 1.8 to 2.3 million years ago, forming a 37-mile long range of mountains trending in a northwesterly direction, and extending parallel to the two principal rift zones. Subsequent post-erosional volcanism on Koolau Volcano over roughly the last million years has produced some of the well-known landforms on Oahu, including Diamond Head, Punchbowl, and Koko Head. Both mountain ranges have been extensively eroded, forming the Pali on the

EOD Unit Operations and Maintenance Facilities Schofield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii

15 May 23, 2008 northeastern side of the Koolau range and huge valleys on the southwestern side of the Waianae range.

The origin of this characteristic geomorphology is currently believed to have largely formed as a result of large-scale landslide events, which removed large sections of the original volcanic edifice. Stream erosion along the faults and dikes of the original caldera of the volcano also likely contributed to production of the steep lava flows.

According to the U. S. Soil Conservation Service, the soil in the PN 68822 site is predominantly classified as Kunia silty clay (USDA, 2007). The Kunia series consists of well-drained soils on upland terraces.

Permeability is moderate, runoff is slow and the erosion hazard is no more than slight (USDA, 2007).

The soil in the northwestern portion of the site is classified as Manana silty clay loam (USDA, 2007). The Manana series consists of well-drained soils developed in material weathered from basic igneous rock.

Permeability is moderate to moderately rapid, runoff is medium and the erosion hazard is moderate

(USDA, 2007).

Hydrogeology

Groundwater resources beneath the site are part of the Wahiawa aquifer system of the Central aquifer sector (Mink and Lau, 1990). One aquifer is present below the area of the subject property. The aquifer is high level, where fresh water is not in contact with sea water and unconfined, where the water table is the upper surface of the saturated aquifer (Mink and Lau, 1990). The aquifer consists of dike compartments (Mink and Lau, 1990). The aquifer is listed as fresh (<250 milligrams per liter (mg/l) of chloride), with a high vulnerability to contamination, and is considered to be irreplaceable (Mink and Lau, 1990). The aquifer is currently used as a drinking water source. The primary source of recharge to this volcanic aquifer is from infiltration of rainfall and stream runoff that occurs in the inland portions of the Koolau range.

Dikes, which are regions of low-permeability material forming groundwater dams, apparently act as barriers to north-south groundwater flow in the vicinity of the Schofield Barracks. Although the exact locations and nature of the groundwater dam boundaries are not known, the existence of these dams has been inferred by potentiometric head differences as great as 256 feet between the high-level water body that underlies the site and the Honolulu-Pearl Harbor Basal Water Body to the south. The water level beneath Schofield Barracks is estimated to be approximately 270-300 feet above msl.

Based on regional topography, regional groundwater flow direction is expected to be east towards Waikele Stream. The nearest drinking water supply well is a public water supply well on Schofield Barracks located approximately three miles east of the PN 68822 site (EDR, 2007).

Surface Water

The closest surface water body to the site is the Wahiawa Reservoir located approximately two miles northeast of the site (USGS, 1997).