Solicitation Attach - P8-A OFT Upgrade DRAFT Spec_26MAR2026.docx

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION

FOR

P-8A Operational Flight Trainer (OFT) Projection Systems Upgrade

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

PROGRAM EXECUTIVE OFFICE PMA290, PMA205

NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND

PATUXENT RIVER, MD 20670

Controlled by: Department of the Navy Controlled by: Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD) CUI Category: CTI, EXPT Distribution/Dissemination Control: D POC: [IPTL name, phone number, email] Program Office – PMA 290, PMA205 (or Designated Representative)

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT D - Distribution authorized to the Department of Defense and U.S. DoD Contractors only for CTI and export controlled 29 August 2025. Other requests for this document shall be referred to Commanding Officer, Naval Air Systems Command, (PMA290), 47123 Buse Road, Patuxent River, MD 20670 .

WARNING - This document contains technical data whose export is restricted by the Arms Export Control Act (Title 22, U.S.C., Sec 2751, et seq.) or the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (Title 50, U.S.C., Chapter 58, Sec. 4801-4852). Violations of these export laws are subject to severe criminal penalties. Disseminate in accordance with provisions of DoD Directive 5230.25.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE - For unclassified, limited distribution documents, destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

SPECIFICATION REVISION HISTORY

SPECIFICATION CHANGE HISTORY

FIGURES

Figure Title Page No table of figures entries found.

TABLES

Table Title Page No table of figures entries found.

PRF 190041

Rev – 29 March 2019

PRF 260087

Rev A - 2026

SCOPE

This specification establishes the performance and functional requirements for the design, development, integration, and testing of the Projection System Upgrade for the P-8A ATD Operational Flight Trainers (OFTs), device 2F202F, serial numbers (S/N) 1 through 7, 9 through 11 located at Naval Air Station (NAS) Jacksonville, FL. Serial numbers (S/N) 12 through 16, 19, and 21 located at NAS Whidbey Island, WA, and serial numbers (S/N) 17 and 18 located at Royal Australia Air Force (RAAF) Base Edinburgh, SA ITC.

APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

In the event of a conflict between the text of this specification and the specification references cited herein, the text of this specification takes precedence. Nothing in this specification, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations, unless a specific waiver has been obtained.

Government Documents Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), Naval Aviation Training Systems Program Office (PMA290)/Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD)

REQUIREMENTS

Visual system (VS) performance and functional requirements The VS shall:

a. Be integrated with the host trainer to meet the requirements specified in this specification.

b. Meet all requirements specified in this specification throughout the entire field-of-view and viewing volume for both the pilot and copilot.

c. Meet all requirements specified in this specification under normal simulation conditions using the image generator and image database as image sources.

d. Not have degradation in the existing performance as a result of incorporating the required trainer modifications, unless otherwise specified herein.

VS unconstrained simultaneous performance The VS performance specified in this specification shall be present and available simultaneously for the full range of simulated conditions except as specified herein.

Viewpoints The VS shall render and display the training scene with the correct perspective (e.g. consistent with and corresponding to the position and attitude of the simulated viewpoint) from the Pilot and CoPilot Eye Points (C/PEP) which are defined in P8A-ATP-600D_Visual_Display_Rev_D and below:

Correlation of VS scene cues with other trainer cues.

The cues provided by the VS shall be in sync with cues provided by the host trainer.

Dynamic VS response The VS shall:

a. Compute the entire scene at a frame update rate equal to or greater than 60 Hertz (Hz).

b. Display the entire scene at a refresh rate equal to or greater than 60 Hz.

VS operational modes The VS shall have the following operational modes:

a. Online mode (i.e. operating online with the host trainer for training).

b. Maintenance mode.

Integrated display system (DS) requirements The integrated DS shall:

a. Be integrated with the IOS such that the IOS Maintenance Graphical User Interface (GUI) includes controls to set the projector’s visual output to dark mode while keeping the projector powered on, ensuring the preservation of display quality.

b. Display a seamless training scene within the entire field-of-view (FOV).

c. Preclude any variations in brightness, color, position, and visual characteristics, which negatively impact on the training tasks being performed on the OFT.

Viewing Volume The viewing volume shall consist of 12-inch radius spheres centered on the pilot and copilot eyepoints.

Observable degradation within the viewing volume The DS shall have no observable degradation in performance (e.g. luminance, luminance variation, luminance matching across multiple display channels, etc.) required in this specification, anywhere within the viewing volume.

Field-of-view (FOV) The FOV shall:

a. Consist of a continuous fixed image.

b. Be no less than 60 degrees (+30 to -30 degrees) vertical throughout the entire horizontal FOV.

c. Be no less than 220 degrees (+110 to -110 degrees) horizontal throughout the entire vertical FOV.

Resolution Static resolution Static resolution shall:

a. Be an average of 5 arc minutes per optical line pair (arcmins/OLP) or better for each display channel.

b. Be 6 arcmins/OLP or better for each test point.

c. Have a ratio of vertical surface resolution to horizontal resolution at each test location within a display channel be between 0.8 and 1.2.

Dynamic resolution Dynamic visual resolution shall:

a. Be measured at a target angular velocity of 10 degrees per second.

b. Not degrade by more than 20 percent of that display channels average static resolution.

Luminance Surface luminance The surface luminance shall:

a. Be an average of 8 ft-L or more for each display channel.

b. Have a luminance variation of 10 percent or less for each test point as compared to the average channel luminance in a display channel.

c. Have adjacent channel overlap zone luminance variation of 10 percent or less for each test point adjacent to the overlap zones as compared to the overlap zone test point.

d. Have each adjacent channel overlap zone luminance variation of 10 percent or less for each test point at varying projector luminance outputs ranging from 0 percent projector luminance to 100 percent projector luminance.

Luminance dynamic range The luminance dynamic range shall:

a. Not exceed 0.003 ft-L for each display channel’s average black-level luminance.

b. Not exceed 0.01 ft-L for any single black-level luminance measurement.

c. Have an average surface luminance measured for a white circle test pattern displayed against the flat-field black pattern that is not less than 4.0 ft-L.

d. Have an average white-level surface luminance is as specified (see 3.1.11.1).

Color Color Temperature and uniformity The color temperature and uniformity of each DS channel shall be within the following parameters:

a. A white point color temperature of D65.

b. Within 0.003 units from the nominal D65 color temperature, when converted to u’, v’ coordinates and plotted on the CIE 1976 UCS chromaticity chart.

Color matching across adjacent channels The total distance between the chromaticity values of two measurements taken across adjacent channel overlap zones as plotted on the CIE 1976 UCS chromaticity chart using u’, v’ coordinates, shall not exceed 0.003.

Contrast ratio The DS average luminance contrast ratio per channel shall be no less than 10:1.

Geometric accuracy Total geometric distortion The total geometric distortion shall:

a. Be 1.5 degrees or less as measured from the design eyepoint.

b. Be 3.0 degrees or less as measured from the pilot or copilot eyepoints.

Relative geometric distortion Geometric errors in scene points relative to orthogonally adjacent scene points with 5-degree spacing shall be 20 arcminutes or less for measurements from all eyepoints.

Geometric adjacent channel matching Geometric discontinuities between adjacent channels shall be 4 arcminutes or less.

Collimation error limits Collimation performance shall:

a. Be +0.1 diopters or less for diverging light.

b. Be -0.05 diopters or more for converging light.

c. Be 6.5 milliradians or less of vertical disparity, i.e., divergence.

Display device illumination source half-life Display devices used in the display system shall have a specified illumination source half-life (i.e. the cumulative operating time at which the maximum radiant output has diminished to fifty percent of the initial maximum radiant output) of no less than 40,000 hours of operation without replacement.

Display device illumination source hours of use at final inspection Display device illumination source hours of operation shall be 1,000 hours or less at the time that final acceptance testing commences.

Dead or stuck pixels The DS shall have no dead or stuck pixels (e.g. on or off) throughout the entire FOV.

Discrete time-of-day (TOD) The DS shall:

a. Be integrated with the existing trainer such that no manual intervention is needed to switch between discrete TOD settings.

b. Automatically switch between discrete TOD settings (e.g. adjust blend plates, RGB power, etc.) in less than 10 seconds.

DS artifacts The integrated DS training scene shall be free of jitter, flicker, mach banding, stepping, and other distracting artifacts for the full range of simulated conditions available on the OFT.

DS abrupt variations Abrupt variations in the appearance of sky, horizon, terrain, and ocean surface in the training scene, which are not typical of the scene being simulated, shall not be noticeable for the full range of simulated conditions.

DS stability DS parameter (e.g. resolution, luminance, geometry, color) deviation shall be less than 10 percent over a period of 24 hours with the trainer in an operational training state.

Operating modes Training and maintenance modes The VS shall have the following modes of operation:

a. An online training mode that enables VS operation online with the host trainer to perform the following functions:

i. Conduct training with VS system operation controlled by the host trainer and

ii. Conduct VS verification that requires simultaneous operation of other subsystems under host trainer control.

a. A maintenance mode that enables VS operation off-line from the host trainer to perform the following:

i. Offline IG and DS and subsystems operation and control,

ii. DS auto-alignment,

iii. DS troubleshooting and maintenance, and

iv. DS verification testing DS control during maintenance mode While in maintenance mode, the VS shall provide control of the DS through the remote control units RCU(s) (see 3.1.27).

TOD-optimized real-time control of VS parameters and settings During training, the VS shall perform real-time adjustment to VS parameters and controls in a manner that manipulates the system’s features and settings to render and display an image that is optimized for viewing, given scene illumination conditions, including the following:

a. Loading and utilizing the IPT-chosen TOD-optimized IG and DS configuration and settings that correspond to the current simulated TOD and its associated scene illumination conditions.

b. Implementing adjustments to the gamma correction functions to remap the intensity data, for the full range of simulated illumination conditions.

c. Implementing adjustments to other projector features and functions such as mechanical irises, smear reduction, and illumination source power settings.

d. Ensuring that VS system configuration parameters and settings used during verification of VS functionality and performance are the same configuration parameters and settings used during training for the scene illumination condition(s) associated with, and primarily determined by, the specific display performance parameter under test.

Display auto-alignment subsystem The VS shall have an auto-alignment system with the functionality to perform automatic geometric and photometric alignment of the display system.

Display auto-alignment components installation The components of the automatic alignment system shall be permanently installed in the trainer such that alignment of components is not necessary in order to perform an automatic alignment session.

Display auto-alignment performance The display auto-alignment shall:

a. Provide automated geometric alignment of the display subsystem and across all display channels within a maximum timeframe of 30 minutes.

b. Provide automated color matching across all display channels within a maximum timeframe of 30 minutes.

c. Provide automated luminance matching across all display channels within a maximum timeframe of 30 minutes.

d. At the completion of an automatic alignment, the DS shall meet the specified performance requirements without the need for manual alignment or tuning.

VS A&TPs The VS shall have A&TPs necessary for the alignment of the displayed image and verification of specified VS performance.

A&TP processing and rendering Unless otherwise specified, the A&TPs shall be rendered and displayed using the same IG and DS configuration, functionality, features, and settings used for rendering and displaying the training scene.

A&TP features and characteristics A&TPs shall have the shape, size, colors, appearance, features, and characteristics specified in section 4 of this specification.

A&TP control software application(s) functionality and access for VS testing The training device shall have software application(s) that provide functionality to access, select, position, display, hide, and manipulate IG-generated VS test patterns IAW the requirements specified in section 4 of this specification.

Remote Control Unit (RCU) The DS shall have an RCU that provides the functionality necessary to:

a. Operate, control, align, and tune the DS projectors and other subsystems from the pilot seat and the IOS.

b. Perform auto-alignment and tuning of the DS projectors and other subsystems.

c. Perform DS troubleshooting and maintenance.

d. Conduct DS verification.

Test Fixture The training device shall have a removable test fixture to place test equipment specified in section 4 of this specification at specified eyepoints within the cockpit to perform DS verification testing.

Load Management The IG shall sustain all performance parameters, including but not limited to:

a. Constant Monitoring and Control: The IG shall constantly monitor and control its own processing load to ensure a near-capacity load is maintained.

b. Graceful Degradation: The IG shall have the capability to gracefully degrade simulated imagery to prevent and recover from overload conditions. This shall be achieved by temporarily reducing the processing load through the elimination of scene detail in a structured and non-distracting manner, ensuring that features of minimal importance to the current training task are eliminated or portrayed in lower levels of detail, while preserving features of higher importance.

a. Transport Delay Performance: The load management strategy shall not degrade transport delay performance.

Transport Delay The “end to end” transport delay (i.e. time from control input to visual motion and flight instrument response) shall be no more than 100 ms.

VS Interface Requirements The VS shall have the following interfaces:

a. Mechanical interface with the training device cabin, training device enclosure, and facility building.

b. Electrical interface with the training device and facility power.

c. Electronic interface with the host trainer.

d. Software interface with the host trainer.

Mechanical Interface The VS mechanical interface shall:

a. Have the necessary structures to support and position the components of the DS in a manner that meets the requirements in this specification.

b. Provide a light tight training environment such that no light from outside of the trainer is visible from the C/PEP.

c. Prevent motion and acoustic vibrations originating in the surrounding environment, the facility, the training device cabin, and the DS itself, from degrading the visual scene.

d. Ensure the DS and its mounting structure are capable of withstanding all g forces within the normal and abnormal operation and testing of the motion system without sustaining damage to any visual system components.

e. Ensure that misalignment of the DS does not result from normal operation or testing of the motion system.

f. Provide access to replace and maintain VS subsystems, assemblies, and components.

g. Allow maintenance access to the VS and the host trainer.

h. Allow for egress.

Electrical Interface The electrical interface shall provide electrical power to the Visual System from the host trainer power conditioning and distribution system.

Electronic Interface The electronic interface shall:

a. Enable data transfer between the DS and the host trainer.

b. Enable transmission of video signal from the IG to the DS.

c. Utilize commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) electronic interface configurations.

Software Interface The software interface between the image generator and the host trainer shall comply with Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) Common Image Generator Interface (CIGI) protocols.

VERIFICATION

Methods of Verification The following methods shall be utilized to accomplish the verification of requirements in this appendix:

a. Analysis (see 6.16.1)

b. Demonstration (see 6.16.2)

c. Examination (see 6.16.3)

d. Test (see 6.16.4) Verification events The trainer shall be subject to the verification events IAW the Test and Evaluation requirements of the contract.

Inspections, demonstrations, analyses, and tests Verification of specification compliance shall be accomplished IAW accepted Test Procedures using the prescribed verification method, criteria, tolerances and expected results.

General verification requirements Test pattern generation and display Test patterns shall be modeled, rendered, and displayed in the same manner (e.g. using the same modeling tools, type scene model, and image processing) used for training.

VS general requirements verification Verification shall be complemented by observation of the visual scene during mission testing.

System dynamic response verification System dynamic response shall be demonstrated by 5 trials (to reduce statistical sampling error) per axis which bypass the attenuation and lag effects of aerodynamic forces and moments but retain the associated computation time with no other alterations to the system configuration. Tests shall consist of step inputs applied automatically by the Host computer through the flight controls to test response in the 3 individual rotational aircraft axes that overcome signal noise levels and command host response. Outputs shall be measured for the Visual position cue at display system (projector) output.

Note: Outputs consisting of discrete frames (e.g. visual display) are to be considered to occur at the middle of the frame Viewing volume verification The Viewing Volume verification shall:

a. Be measured from anywhere within the viewing volume.

b. Be measured with training scenes representing the full range of simulated conditions available on the OFT.

c. Consist of an observer moving their head within the viewing volume. If any degradation is observed, then the associated test (e.g. luminance) will be performed in the viewing volume.

DS performance verification DS performance verification shall be performed as follows:

a. Performed within the cockpit using the IG test patterns, training scenes, and associated controls.

b. Conducted with the VS using the same features, functionality, and settings used to render and display the training scene.

c. At the start of DS testing, the auto-alignment system shall be used to automatically align and tune the DS. Verification is then performed for the complete set of DS performance requirements without running the auto-alignment again before completing DS testing.

d. Unless otherwise specified, performance verification for DS parameters that are dependent on the relative position of the eyepoint within the viewing volume is tested from the nominal position and from the extreme ends (i.e., boundaries) of the viewing volume defined for each eyepoint.

e. Clearly identified exceptions to this requirement may be specified elsewhere in this specification.

f. Be accepted by the Government.

FOV verification FOV test pattern FOV shall be verified with the total geometric distortion test pattern (see 4.5.8.1).

FOV test method The FOV test shall:

a. Be performed with a theodolite or equivalent surveying instrument equipped with a coaxial laser beam.

b. Have all measurements taken from the PEP or CPEP.

Static resolution verification Static resolution test pattern The static resolution test pattern shall:

a. Consist of alternating black and white equal width bars that are one meter in width and five meters in length.

b. Consist of one set of three white bars and two black bars that can be rotated to test horizontal and vertical resolution.

c. Have three degrees of freedom (DOF) (yaw, pitch, roll) pattern attitude control in discrete increments of 0.1 deg.

d. Have the functionality to impart smooth and continuous rotation of the pattern about its yaw and pitch axes with operator control of angular velocity from 0 to 20 deg. per second.

e. Be displayed on a flat-field black background.

Static resolution test method The static resolution verification test method shall:

a. Utilize the static resolution test pattern (see 4.5.2.1).

b. Be measured from the PEP for display channels 1, 2, and 4.

c. Be measured from the CPEP for display channels 3 and 5.

d. Be measured in nine equally spaced test points in each display channel with a maximum spacing between the points and channel boundaries.

e. Be measured using horizontal and vertical aligned test patterns.

f. For each test location, position the resolution test pattern at the azimuth and elevation at a distance from the eye-point at which all the line pairs can be easily resolvable.

g. Increase the distance from the eye-point to the pattern until the test pattern is barely resolvable (i.e., 10 percent modulation).

h. Record the test pattern distance where the test pattern is just barely resolvable.

i. Use theodolite to verify that pattern distance and size is correct.

j. Calculate the horizontal and vertical resolution at each test point based on test pattern range.

k. Calculate the resolution at each test point as the ratio of the horizontal resolution and the vertical resolution.

l. Calculate the average resolution of each display channel as the average of all test point resolutions in the channel for both horizontal resolution and vertical resolution.

Dynamic resolution verification Dynamic resolution test method The dynamic visual resolution test shall:

a. Use the static resolution test pattern (see 4.5.2.1).

b. Be measured from the PEP for display channels 1, 2, and 4.

c. Be measured from the CPEP for display channels 3 and 5.

d. Be verified for the full range of simulated conditions.

e. Be measured relative to the static resolution.

f. Start angular rate of motion at required level, perpendicular to the test pattern bar orientation.

g. Increase test pattern distance from the eye-point to the pattern until the test pattern is just barely resolvable (i.e. 10 percent modulation).

h. Record the test pattern distance where the test pattern is just barely resolvable.

i. Calculate the horizontal and vertical resolution at each test point based on test pattern range.

j. Calculate the horizontal and vertical resolution at each test point as a percentage of their display channels correlating average static resolution.

Surface luminance verification Surface Luminance test pattern The surface luminance test pattern shall:

a. Consist of a 100 percent intensity white flat-field pattern.

b. Have a color temperature of D65.

c. The test pattern shall have discernible features that assist in locating the test points and channel boundaries that define each display channel.

d. Illuminate 100 percent of all display channels within the FOV.

Surface luminance test method The surface luminance test shall:

a. Utilize the luminance test pattern (see 4.5.4.1).

b. Be obtained with either a Konica-Minolta LS-100, LS-150, or an equivalent luminance meter.

c. Be measured from the PEP for display channels 1, 2, and 4.

d. Be measured from the CPEP for display channels 3 and 5.

e. Include all display channels illuminated with the test pattern simultaneously.

f. Use the TOD-optimized settings used for daytime training scenes.

g. Change the projector luminance output from 0, 10, 20, and remaining multiples of 10 percent up to 100 percent.

h. Be measured in nine equally spaced test points in each display channel with a maximum spacing between the points and channel boundaries.

i. Be measured across each channel boundary at three different elevations with at least one test point to each side and within the channel boundary.

j. Calculate the luminance at each test point.

k. Calculate the average luminance for each display channel as the average of all test points in the channel.

l. Calculate the luminance variation at each test point as a percentage of their correlating display channel’s average luminance.

m. Calculate luminance variation at each test point neighboring a test point within each channel boundary as a percentage of the channel boundary test point luminance.

Luminance dynamic range verification Luminance dynamic range test pattern The luminance dynamic range test pattern shall:

a. Consist of a 0 percent intensity black flat-field pattern that illuminates all display channels within the FOV.

b. Have a relocatable 100 percent intensity white circle with a 5-degree diameter.

Luminance dynamic range test method The luminance dynamic range test method shall:

a. Utilize the 0 percent intensity black flat-field pattern (see 4.5.5.1).

b. Be measured from the PEP for display channels 1, 2, and 4.

c. Be measured from the CPEP for display channels 3 and 5.

d. Be measured with a Konica-Minolta LS-100 or equivalent luminance meter.

e. Be measured in cd/m2 units and subsequently converted to ft-L units.

f. Include all display channels illuminated with the test pattern simultaneously.

g. Use the TOD-optimized settings used for nighttime training scenes.

h. Not change any VS settings during the test.

i. Enable the white circle specified in 4.5.5.1 at the first test point.

j. Measure and record the luminance for all test points within the channel, repeating the process, alternating the white circle throughout each test point.

k. Repeat this process for each display channel.

l. Calculate average luminance values for each channel’s white circles and black levels.

Color matching verification Color matching test pattern The color matching test pattern shall:

a. Consist of a flat-field test pattern with the functionality to adjust the intensity of each individual primary color in real-time from 0 to 255, in increments of 1.

b. Indicate channel boundaries without interfering with nearby test point color accuracy.

c. Illuminate 100 percent of all display channels within the FOV.

Color matching across adjacent display channels test method The color matching across adjacent display channels verification test method shall:

a. Utilize the color matching test pattern (see 4.5.6.1).

b. Be obtained with either a Konica-Minolta CS-100, CS-150, or an equivalent chroma meter.

c. Be measured from the PEP for display channels 1, 2, and 4.

d. Be measured from the CPEP for display channels 3 and 5.

e. Include all display channels illuminated with the test pattern simultaneously.

f. Use the TOD-optimized settings used for daytime training scenes.

g. Change the color intensities from 0, 10, 20, and remaining multiples of 10 percent up to 100 percent.

h. Be recorded in (Y, x, y) measurements across each channel boundary at three different elevations with at least one test point to each side and within the channel boundary.

i. Repeat this process for each flat-field color and intensity value.

j. Convert the measured x, y chromaticity coordinate values to the u’, v’ chromaticity values used in the C.I.E 1976 UCS Chromaticity Chart and the converted coordinates are plotted on a chart.

k. Calculate the distance on the chart between the color coordinates and the color coordinates defined for D65 as the square root of the sum of Δu’ squared plus Δv’ squared, where Δu’ and Δv’ are the difference in u’ and v’, respectively, between the chromaticity coordinates of the test point under evaluation and the D65 color temperature point.

Contrast ratio verification Contrast ratio test pattern The contrast ratio test pattern shall:

a. Consist of a spherically mapped black and white checkerboard test pattern(s) with 50 percent duty-cycle (one half of the pattern surface is 100 percent intensity white, the other half is 0 percent intensity black) arranged in columns and rows that follow lines of constant azimuth and elevation.

b. The number of columns and rows and resulting number of rectangles (i.e., test points) in the checkerboard pattern shall be arranged to ensure that:

i. The angular separation between the centers of any and all two adjacent rectangles does not exceed 10 degrees.

ii. The center of a checkerboard pattern column aligns as close as possible with the center of each display channel overlap area.

iii. All columns have the same width.

Contrast ratio test method The contrast ratio verification test method shall:

a. Utilize the contrast ratio test pattern (see 4.5.7.1).

b. Be measured from the PEP for display channels 1, 2, and 4.

c. Be measured from the CPEP for display channels 3 and 5.

d. Be measured with the cockpit ambient illumination on.

e. Be measured with a Konica-Minolta LS-100, or equivalent, luminance meter.

f. Include all displays illuminated with the test pattern simultaneously.

g. Be measured and recorded at each black and white square within each display channel.

h. Calculate an average white square luminance for each channel.

i. Calculate an average black square luminance for each channel.

j. Calculate the contrast ratio for each display channel as that channel’s average white square luminance value divided by that channel’s average black square luminance value.

Geometric accuracy verification Geometric accuracy verification, including total geometric distortion, relative geometric distortion, and adjacent channel matching shall be verified as specified below. Geometric accuracy verification may be assisted by observing the visual scene used for training and, with the ownship/eyepoint in motion, looking for regions of the FOV in which the position, size, or aspect of scene elements that are passing through the region appear to change.

Geometric accuracy test pattern The geometric accuracy test pattern shall:

a. Consist of light points arranged in a 3-D spherical grid pattern with 1 degree spacing between them over the entire FOV.

b. Include readily discernible azimuth and elevation lines corresponding to multiples of 5degrees.

c. Have three DOF (yaw, pitch, roll) pattern attitude control in discrete increments of 0.1 degree.

d. Have the functionality to impart smooth and continuous rotation of the pattern about their yaw and pitch axes with operator control of angular velocity from 0.1 to 15 degrees per second.

e. Have the functionality to stop the rotation and freeze the pattern in position.

Geometric accuracy test method The geometric accuracy test method shall:

a. Utilize the geometric accuracy test pattern (see 4.5.8.1).

b. Be measured from the DEP, PEP, and CPEP.

c. Be measured with a theodolite or equivalent surveying instrument equipped with a coaxial laser beam.

d. Record geometric distortion measurements every 5 degrees horizontally throughout the entire FOV.

e. Record geometric distortion measurements every 5 degrees vertically throughout the entire FOV.

f. Calculate total geometric distortion for each test point.

g. Calculate relative geometric error from total geometric distortion measurements.

h. Allow for additional relative geometric error measurements to be recorded at the discretion of the Government Test Director.

i. Rotate the pattern at a 45-degree angle.

j. Measure geometric discontinuity at all locations where a discontinuity is visible in each channel boundary.

Collimation performance verification Collimation performance test equipment The collimation performance test shall:

a. Be measured with a collimation-testing instrument (e.g., vergence gauge and collimation telescope) with the following characteristics and functionality shall be used for collimation testing:

i. A telescope with an eyepiece-mounted calibrated optical reticle with measuring scale and grid lines to indicate the collimation error. The reticle has grid lines with width appropriate to the units and accuracy of the specified performance.

ii. A laser beam with cross-section diameter and intensity appropriate to the width of the reticle lines and to the units and accuracy required for the test.

iii. Shape, size, weight, and means of mounting, supporting or holding the instrument that allows the operator to scan the entire FOV without separating their eye from the instrument’s eyepiece while keeping the instrument within the specified viewing volume.

Collimation performance test method The collimation performance test method shall:

a. Utilize the geometric accuracy test pattern (see 4.5.8.1).

b. Be measured from the PEP and CEP.

c. Aim the telescope at the mirror and focus on the image-forming screen.

d. While observing through the eyepiece, the operator scans the entire FOV.

e. The operator ensures that the orientation of the instrument is maintained throughout the scan, with vertical lines in the reticle maintaining parallelism with vertical lines in the test pattern.

f. Measurements are taken every 5 degrees horizontally and vertically throughout the entire FOV.

DS stability verification DS stability verification shall:

a. Be tested over a continuous 24-hour period.

b. Have an abbreviated test of sections 3.1.10 through 3.1.16 and test points determined at the discretion of the Government Test Director.

1. Definitions The definitions provided below are applicable within the context of this specification.

Visual system (VS) The term Visual System (VS) refers to the collection of integrated hardware, software, and data that operate together to render and display the visual scene as demanded by the host trainer. In its broadest sense, the VS refers to the Image Generator (IG), synthetic environment database, DS, and support hardware and structures used for maintenance and maintenance support.

Host trainer The term host trainer refers to the collection of the trainer systems and simulation functions that are not part of, but interface with the VS in order to exchange data and provide control commands needed by the VS to perform its function IAW with the specified requirements.

Eyepoint The term eyepoint refers to the conceptual observer of the simulated world who watches the virtual scene from a unique eyepoint position and attitude in the synthetic environment. The terms viewpoint, viewpoint position, viewing volume (see 6.8), eyepoint, and eyepoint position are intricately related terms. Reference to one term is understood in context with the other terms.

“Conditions being simulated” and “simulated conditions” The terms “Conditions being simulated” and “simulated conditions” are conceptually the same and refer to a current situation. They may refer to the current conditions under which the simulation runs, to the current set of particular circumstances and constraints (i.e., physical, environmental, operational, tactical, logical), or to the current state of settings, controls, configurations, variables, and parameters under which the simulation takes place. The expressions acquire their meaning in the context of the sentence, paragraph, and section in which they are used in this specification, and are used to denote that for a realistic simulation (i.e., one representative of the real world), it would be logical to expect the performance, behavior, state, appearance, or condition of a given element of the simulation to be of a certain way, given the present set of simulated conditions.

Image Generation System (IGS) The terms IG and IGS are equivalent and refer to the collection of integrated hardware, software, and data that operates together to render the visual training scene as demanded by the host trainer. In its broadest sense, the terms IG and IGS may include the database, the MMs, and the A&TP, as these are typically stored and utilized locally within the IG.

Alignment and Test Patterns (A&TPs) The term A&TPs refers to the collection of special purpose patterns stored and rendered by the IG for:

a. the alignment and tuning of the DS and

b. the verification of visual system performance requirements Display system (DS) Display System (DS) is a subsystem of the VS and refers to the collection of integrated hardware (e.g. projectors, alignment systems, cameras, lenses, filters, optics, blend plates, electronics, structures, stands, cables, signal convers/adapters projection surfaces, etc.) and software that operate together to display the image video generated by the IG.

Viewing volume The term viewing volume refers to the three-dimensional space (volume) bounded by the limits of excursion of the trainee’s eyepoint (relative to each nominal viewpoint position defined in the specification) as the trainee moves the head and eyes about the viewpoint to observe the visual scene while performing the training tasks. The terms viewpoint, viewpoint position, viewing volume, eyepoint, and eyepoint position are intricately related terms. Reference to one term is understood in context with the other terms.

Extraneous Light The term extraneous light refers to light that comes from sources other than the DS and to light leaked for any display device that is not part of the training scene image-forming light ray bundle.

Optical Surface An optical surface is any DS surface in the optical path—such as collimating mirrors, back projection screens, and front and rear projection screens—that reflects and/or transmits the light that forms the training scene image.

Contrast Ratio Contrast ratio is defined as the ratio of white luminance (LW) to black luminance (LK), expressed as CR=LW/LK, where LW is the white luminance and LK is the black luminance measurement for a test point in, or average calculated for, a given display channel.

DS total geometric accuracy error Total geometric accuracy error is defined as the angular error in apparent azimuth and elevation position for points in the scene relative to the expected true projected (i.e., nominal) position. In this specification, the total geometric accuracy error is expressed in degrees.

DS relative geometric accuracy error Relative geometric error is defined as the angular error in the apparent azimuth and elevation position of scene points relative to nearby scene points. In this specification, the relative geometric accuracy error is expressed in arc-minutes.

Overlap zones, overlap areas, blend zones The terms display channel overlap zones, overlap areas, and blend zones are equivalent and refer to the area between adjacent display channels illuminated by the projection cones of two or more projectors.

Adjacent channel(s) The term adjacent channel(s) refers to neighboring channels arranged next to one another, regardless of whether or not there exists an overlap zone or any FOV discontinuity between them.

Verification methods The following defines the verification methods specified in section 4 of this Specification.

Analysis An element of verification that utilizes established technical or mathematical models or simulations, algorithms, charts, graphs, circuit diagrams, or other scientific principles and procedures to provide evidence that stated requirements were met.

Demonstration An element of verification that generally denotes the actual operation, adjustment, or reconfiguration of items, to provide evidence that the designed functions were accomplished under specific scenarios.

Examination An element of verification and inspection that consists of investigation, without the use of special laboratory appliances or procedures, of items to determine conformance to those specified requirements, which can be determined by such investigations. Examination is generally nondestructive and typically includes the use of sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste; simple physical manipulation; mechanical and electrical gauging and measurement; and other forms of investigation.

Test An element of verification and inspection that generally denotes the determination, by technical means, of the properties or elements of items, including functional operation, and involves the application of established scientific principles and procedures.

image1.jpeg