Attachment_J7_MSTP_Pamphlet_7-0.2_Simulation_Instructor_Contoller_Handbook-1.0.pdf

MSTP Pamphlet 7-0.2

Simulation Instructor-

Controller Handbook

MAGTF Staff Training Program

(MSTP)

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

U.S. Marine Corps

M67854-19-R-7800 - Attachment J7

Simulation Instructor-

Controller Handbook

This pamphlet supports the academic curricula of the Marine Air Ground

Task Force Staff Training Program (MSTP).

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

U.S. Marine Corps February 2016

UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

MSTP Center (C 467)

2042 South Street

Quantico, Virginia 22134-5001

12 February 2016

FOREWORD

1. PURPOSE: To describe the duties and responsibilities of simulation instructor-controllers in MSTP supported exercises.

2. SCOPE: This pamphlet provides an overview of MSTP exercise design, a description of the Simulation Response Cell, and a discussion of the duties and responsibilities of simulation instructor-controllers. It supplements the MSTP Exercise SOP.

3. SUPERSESSION: MSTP Pamphlet 7-0.2, Simulator Instructor-

Controller Handbook, dated 5 December 2008

4. CHANGES: Recommendations for improvements to this pamphlet are encouraged from commands as well as from individuals. The attached User Suggestion Form can be reproduced and forwarded to:

Commanding General

Training and Education Command

MSTP Center (C 467)

2042 South Street

Quantico, Virginia 22134-5001

Recommendations may also be submitted electronically to:

mstp_opso@usmc.mil mailto:mstp_opso@usmc.mil mailto:mstp_opso@usmc.mil

USER SUGGESTION FORM

From:

To: Director, MSTP Center (C467), 2042 South Street, Quantico, Virginia 22134-5001

1. In accordance with the Foreword, individuals are encouraged to submit suggestions concerning this pamphlet directly to the above addressee

Page _____ Article/Paragraph No. _____

Line No. _____ Figure/Table No. _____

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Change Correct

2. Proposed Text: (Verbatim, double-spaced; continue on additional pages as necessary.

3. Justification/Source: (Need not be double-spaced.)

NOTE:

1. Only one recommendation per page.

2. Locally reproduced forms may be used for e-mail submissions to:

mstp_opso@usmc.mil mailto:mstp_opso@usmc.mil

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Record of Changes

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No.

Date of

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Entry

Date Organization Signature i

Table of Contents

Part I The Big Picture

1001 Introduction

1002 What is MSTP?

1003 Types of Exercises

1004 Who’s Who in an MSTP-Supported Exercise?

1004a Exercise Director

1004b Deputy Exercise Director

1004c Highly Qualified Expert-Senior Mentors (HQE-SM)

1004d Exercise Control (EXCON)

1004e Simulation Control Officer (SCO)

1004f Battle Manager (BATMAN)

1004g MSEL Manager

1004h Observer Trainer Collectors (OTC)

1004i Opposing Forces (OPFOR) Lead

1004j Exercise Support Officer

1004k Senior Analyst

1005 Key Organizations

1005a Higher and Adjacent Headquarters (H&AHQ)

1005b White Cell

1005c Intelligence Coordination Cell (ICC)

Part II Where You Fit In

2001 Simulation Center Organization

2002 Simulation Center Personnel

2002a Simulation Control Officer (SCO)

2002b Senior Controller (SC)

2002c Technical Control

2003 Response Cell Personnel

2003a Response Cell Officer in Charge (OIC)

2003b Response Cell Controller

2003c Simulation Instructor-Controller

2003d Terminal Operator

2004 Simulation Systems ii

2005 Games and Players

Part III What You Do

3001 Response Cell OIC Duties

3002 Simulation IC Duties

3003 Actions before the Exercise Begins

3003a Prepare the Response Cell

3003b Communication Exercise (COMMEX)

3003c Staff Exercise (STAFFEX)

3003d Information Flow Exercise (INFOFLOWEX)

3003e Rehearsal

3004 Actions during the Exercise

3004a Intelligence Build and Warm Start

3004b Making the Exercise as Realistic as Possible

3004c Response Cell Initiative

3005 Actions after the Exercise

3005a After Action Review (AAR)

3005b Final Exercise Report (FER)

Appendix A - Response Cell Checklist Examples

Maneuver Response Cell Set Up Checklist

Maneuver Response Cell COMMEX Checklist

Maneuver Response Cell INFOFLOWEX Checklist

Maneuver Response Cell STAFFEX Checklist

Appendix B – Glossary

Section I Acronyms

Section II Definitions

Figures

1-1 Typical MSTP Exercise Organization

2-1 Simulation Center Organization

2-2 Gamers and Players

Tables

3-1 Simulation Instructor-Controller “DOs”

3-2 Simulation Instructor-Controller “DON’Ts”

Part I

The Big Picture

1001. Introduction

Congratulations on your assignment as a simulation Instructor

Controller (IC) for a Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Staff

Training Program (MSTP) supported exercise. This pamphlet has been designed to help you understand your duties as an IC and the critical role you will play during the exercise. This pamphlet is organized in three parts: (1) The Big Picture; (2) Where You Fit In; and (3) What You Do.

“The Big Picture” provides a summary of MSTP and its role in exercise design and execution. “Where You Fit In” describes the IC workplace (the

Response Cell) and how it integrates with other MSTP exercise billets.

“What You Do” discusses your specific duties as well as your role in the preparation, execution, and post-execution phases of an MSTP supported exercise.

This handbook supplements the MSTP Exercise Standing Operating

Procedure (EXSOP). It contains details about the role of the RESPONSE

CELL and duties of members not described in the EXSOP. If there is any conflict between this pamphlet and the EXSOP, the EXSOP takes precedence. We strongly recommended that you read the EXSOP after finishing this pamphlet.

1002. What is MSTP?

Per Marine Corps Order (MCO) 1500.53B dated 5 Mar 13, MSTP provides

“training in MAGTF operations across the range of military operations, within the context of a Joint and/or Combined Task Force

Environment, to improve the warfighting skills of senior commanders and their staffs”. MSTP is a part of Training and Education Command

(TECOM) at Quantico, Virginia and consists of approximately 100 personnel including officers, Marines, government service civilians and civilian contractors. A Navy Medical Service Officer, a Surface Warfare

Officer and an Army Logistics Officer are also part of the Table of

Organization.

The main effort for MSTP is to provide MAGTF Commanders and staff a comprehensive training package known as a Marine Expeditionary Force

Exercise (MEFEX) or Marine Expeditionary Brigade Exercise (MEBEX) at least once every two years. This training package is designed to provide

Commanders and staffs an immersive learning environment where the

Training Audience (TA) experiences situations and likely events they will encounter in real-world scenarios while performing mission-oriented training. While the training package is scalable and can support either

Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) or Marine Expeditionary Brigade

(MEB) size TA, MSTP has conducted simulation supported exercises at all levels of the MAGTF.

The training package may include workshops, warfighting seminars, planning practical applications, and conferences and culminates with a Final

Exercise (FINEX).

Figure 1-1 shows how MSTP organizes to support an exercise.

Figure 1-1. Typical MSTP Exercise Organization

1003. Types of Exercises

MSTP supports two types of CPXs: (1) MEFEX/MEBEX and (2) Mission

Rehearsal Exercise (MRX). The MEFEX/MEBEX is the USMC’s capstone

Mission Essential Task List (METL) based multi-echelon unit training exercise and serves as a key tool for the MEF/MEB Commanding General to maximize training results, update his training assessment, and focus training priorities in preparation for the conduct of wartime missions.

MRXs are designed to support MAGTF Pre-Deployment Training Program

(PTP) Block 4 training in preparation to operate in a specific theater/area of operations. A MRX may be standalone Marine Corps training or it may be linked to a Joint Staff, J7 directed exercise.

MSTP develops an exercise scenario through a series of working groups and conferences. The scenario development process entails building scripted material, known as storylines, designed to address specific training goals. A storyline consists of a series of related scenario events that drive the TA towards a desired action. The Master Scenario Events List (MSEL) consolidates these scenario events. Staff vignettes can augment storylines to ensure all MAGTF exercise objectives and training goals are addressed.

As an IC, your job is to filter the information coming out of the simulation, ensuring that your Response Cell passes it on to your respective TA Combat Operations Center (COC) per the unit’s established Tactical Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) via the appropriate tactical means. ICs are expected to ensure information produced by the simulation is translated into a format that is believable and credible to the COC. ICs must also be prepared to ‘role-play’ in the case of a simulation failure, or to provide information the simulation

(or ‘model’) cannot replicate.

ICs are responsible for coordinating the injection of MSELs assigned to their respective Response Cell. The term “MSEL” refers to the “List” and the scripted events taken from the list. Exercise controllers develop and chronologically organize MSEL injects to initiate and support specific

“storylines.” Response Cells may be directed by the Simulation Control

Officer to input MSEL injects into the exercise to create situations to which the TA is expected to respond. ICs must understand the storyline that a MSEL inject supports and coordinate its injection at the right time and place to create the desired effect(s).

Depending on the nature of the exercise, simulation output and scripted material may be used in different proportions. MAGTF Tactical Warfare

Simulation (MTWS), the current USMC aggregate simulation, is primarily designed to support kinetic interactions and logistic operations which populate the exercise Common Operating Picture (COP). MTWS is not designed to support non-kinetic interactions. As such, kinetic-centric exercises typically rely heavily on simulation output where non-kinetic-centric exercises rely more on scripting.

1004. Who’s Who in a MSTP Supported Exercise

As an IC you will need to know the key players in the exercise. These key players and a brief description of their duties are as follows:

a. Exercise Director

The MSTP Director, a Marine Corps Colonel, is also the Exercise

Director. He is responsible for the overall conduct of the exercise. He designs and executes an exercise that accomplishes MEF/MEB training objectives and meets the goals of MCO 1500.53B and keeps the

MEF/MEB Commander apprised of exercise matters. The Director chairs the “White Cell”. The Director approves the form and content of the Facilitated After Action Review (FAAR) and the Final Exercise

Report (FER).

b. Deputy Exercise Director

The Deputy Director MSTP, also a Marine Colonel, serves as Deputy

Exercise Director. He is responsible for designing and executing an exercise that accomplishes the MEF/MEB’s training objectives and meets the goals of MCO 1500.53B. He supervises exercise planning, coordination and execution, approves resource allocation, and keeps the

MSTP Team focused on MEF training objectives. He also reviews the form and content of the FAAR and the FER.

c. Highly Qual i f ied Expert -Senior Mentors

(HQE-SM)

The HQE-SMs are retired Marine Lieutenant Generals who provide expert input for the TA. Their exact roles vary between exercises. At times they may serve as mentors providing advice and assistance. At other times they may role play as Commanding Generals providing commander’s intent and giving Operational Planning Team (OPT) guidance. Regardless of their role in the exercise or event, MSTP support to the HQE-SMs reaches across various venues and is not solely an Exercise Support function.

They assist Observer Trainer Collectors (OTCs), participate in white cell meetings, evaluate progress of the exercise and provide feedback to the

Exercise Director and Deputy Exercise Director. Additionally, they provide input to the FAAR and FER.

d. Exercise Control (EXCON)

EXCON conducts the exercise in accordance with the Exercise Director’s guidance and MEF/MEB training objectives. He supervises the overall development, structure and conduct of the exercise across all phases. He develops planning objectives and milestones for pertinent exercise activities, creates a realistic and challenging training environment, defines the “noncompetitive” and “competitive” environment, directs intelligence systems, employs exercise model workarounds and scripting as required. He prepares planned exercise events and cues the MSTP team to future activities. He resolves conflicts and participates in all white cell meetings.

e. Simulation Control Officer (SCO)

The SCO has overall responsibility for all Modeling and Simulation

(M&S) activities connected with the exercise. He facilitates exercise flow and ensures exercise objectives are met. He ensures adherence to simulation

“Rules and Workarounds,” makes recommendations to EXCON regarding adjudication processes, fills requests for “immediate” or “magic” actions and implements workarounds for activities that cannot be simulated by wargame modeling systems. In addition the SCO, as required, attends white cell meetings. The SCO is typically a military officer or government service employee.

f. Battle Manager (BATMAN)

The BATMAN manages the scenario during the exercise to ensure the

Training Audience achieves its exercise objectives and training goals.

BATMAN participates in scenario development, Exercise Planning Book review, and the MSEL Scripting Workshop. The BATMAN’s duties include:

a. Supervising the daily activities of the Battle Management Cell.

b. Maintaining the information required to initiate a manual backup plan in the event of a simulation failure.

c. Managing the sequencing and timing of MSEL injects during the

CPX.

d. Producing and coordinating insertion of inputs from the MSEL with

EXCON.

e. Screening Higher and Adjacent Headquarters (H&AHQ), Opposing

Forces (OPFOR) and External Agency Coordination Cell (EACC) products prior to EXCON review.

f. Assisting EXCON in adjudicating the outcomes of simulated engagements as required.

g. Coordinating with EXCON to prepare information in support of the morning spin-up briefs and nightly azimuth checks.

g. MSEL Manager

The MSEL Manager coordinates and tracks all storylines in an exercise.

He manages MSEL application tools, synchronizes MSEL injects, updates and tracks MSEL releases, and posts the daily MSEL status.

h. Observer Trainer Collectors (OTC)

OTCs observe, collect, analyze, and synthesize information from the exercise and help train the staff of the supported unit. They can usually be found in the COC of the MEF or its MSCs. The data they collect becomes the baseline for the FAAR and FER. OTCs are typically active duty military members of the MSTP staff, but active duty augment and civilian contractors may also act as OTCs.

i. Opposing Forces (OPFOR) Lead

The OPFOR Lead is responsible for planning, portraying and fighting the designated OPFOR in accordance with the exercise director's guidance.

The OPFOR Lead must develop the OPFOR concept of operations and monitors the training of OPFOR Response Cell personnel. He directs

OPFOR operations during the exercise, disseminates OPFOR tasking derived from white cell meetings and adjusts “ground truth” to optimize training. At daily meetings, he briefs OPFOR and green cell about planned operations.

j. Exercise Support Officer

Exercise Support is an ad hoc, task-organized team that oversees MSTP administration, logistics, and security concerns during execution of an exercise. Typically, the MSTP Operations Officer serves as the Exercise

Support Officer while deployed.

k. Senior Analyst

The Senior Analyst is an experienced contractor who is responsible for producing the FAAR and FER. He coordinates the collection efforts and identifies possible AAR themes. He works closely with the Head OTC, the OTC for each MAGTF element, and the Exercise Director.

1005. Key Organizations

In addition to the key individuals, there are some key organizations you will need to become familiar with:

a. Higher and Adjacent Headquarters

H&AHQ interacts with the TA to simulate higher headquarters, adjacent units, supporting forces, and subordinate elements. H&AHQ may also inject exercise MSEL injects per EXCON guidance.

b. White Cell

The White Cell serves as an on-call forum for executive-level control of the exercise. The White Cell is a neutral entity designed to maintain the continuity and integrity of the exercise. The Exercise Director convenes

White Cells as required to address unforeseen events or outcomes that may jeopardize the accomplishment of the exercise objectives. The White Cell is comprised of the Exercise Director, Deputy Exercise Director, HQE-SMs, and normally includes the Head OTC, EXCON, SCO and TA Trusted Agents.

Additional MSTP and TA personnel may be included as required. Any MSTP

Team member may recommend the convening of the White Cell. White Cell decisions can range from a simple scenario event inject to decisions by the

Exercise Director to reconstitute forces for simulation anomalies or to intervene in the exercise for unanticipated actions.

c. Intelligence Coordination Cell (ICC)

The ICC simulates the collection and reporting of MEF organic

Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets. In addition, the ICC may be task organized to simulate and coordinate H&AHQ and national ISR collection and reporting. The focus of the ICC is execution of the MEF’s intelligence collection plan and dissemination of collected information to the TA in accordance with the MEF’s intelligence dissemination matrix.

Part II

Where You Fit In

Now that you have an appreciation for how MSTP is organized to support an exercise, the next step is to understand where and for whom you will work.

2001. Simulation Center Organization

Figure 2-1 depicts an organizational chart of the simulation center.

Simulation Control Officer

Senior Control

Tech Control

Instructor-

Controller

Response Cell

OIC

Simulation

System

Terminal

Operator

Response Cell

Controller

Response

Cell

Figure 2-1: Simulation Center Organization

The Response Cell is the key element of the simulation center. It consists of an Instructor-Controller (IC), Response Cell Officer-In-Charge (Response

Cell/OIC), Response Cell Controller (RCC) and Terminal Operators (TO).

Response Cells represent subordinate units (regiments, battalions, groups, squadrons, combat logistics units, etc.) of the MEF/MEB, its MSC(s), and other role playing entities. Blue Force response cells simulate Friendly

Forces (to include higher headquarters, adjacent, subordinate, and allied units). Red Force Cells, not surprisingly, simulate the enemy. Response Cells are physically separated from the TA in the COC. Blue Force Response

Cells enter tactical direction and operations orders into the model and provides the TA information such as subordinate unit locations, Battle

Damage Assessment (BDA), enemy contact, supply status, personnel status, etc. Blue Response Cells interact with the training audience to maximize realism by reducing the TA’s awareness of the simulation.

Information is passed using report formats that are doctrinally correct or reports that are in keeping with the TA’s SOP.

2002. Simulation Center Personnel

The Simulation Center includes hardware, model software, personnel and facilities used to plan, operate, control, and manage the simulation. To accomplish your duties as an IC you need to be familiar with the duties of other simulation center members.

a. Simulation Control Officer (SCO)

Billet description (See 1004e). His responsibilities include:

Recommending Response Cell organization and manning

Supervising lead simulation center personnel

Defining equipment, layout, setup and personnel augmentation requirements

Overseeing the set-up and training of Response Cells

Verifying availability of required equipment to support simulation control center operations at the exercise site

Inputting MSEL injects through his Response Cells

Briefing products as required

Inputting formal AAR items as required

Maintaining an audit of all inputs to the simulation

Providing representation at all White Cell meetings

b. Senior Controller (SC)

The SC is an experienced IC who understands warfighting functions and can operate comfortably at strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war. He facilitates the exerc ise flow and ensures exercise objectives are met. He is responsible to the SCO. His responsibilities include:

The IC’s is

Responsible for his

Response Cell’s Simulation support

To the exercise

Respond to tasking from the SCO

Act as SCO during the SCO’s absence

Supervise simulation database production and adjustments

Supervise set up and operation of the simulation

Ensure all simulation systems are operational

Input the exercise database into the simulation

Monitor simulation progress and recommend any adjudication caused by simulation or modeling malfunctions

Provide technical advice on effective input for requisite scripted items

Coordinate and direct all Simulation Center MSEL inputs

Supervise and direct Technical Control and IC(s)

c. Technical Control

Technical Control is comprised of a team of civilian contractors. They are responsible for configuration of simulation equipment including testing data communications to ensure data flows from the server to simulation workstations. Additionally, Technical Control is responsible for starting the server, loading the simulation database, starting and stopping the simulation, clock management, simulation software monitoring, and troubleshooting hardware problems at the simulation center site. Technical Control is also responsible for simulation feeds to command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) equipment.

2003. Response Cell Personnel

Now that you understand who you work for, it is a good time to review who you will work with inside the Response Cell.

a. Response Cell Officer in Charge

The Response Cell/OIC is normally a Marine officer or an active duty officer from another Service. He is responsible for supervising the warfighting activities of the Response Cell and making decisions regarding simulation activities to support exercise unit battle plans and orders. He works closely with the IC to prepare the Response Cell for successful participation in the exercise.

b. Response Cell Controller

The RCC is usually a Marine or other service member on active duty. He works under the supervision of the Response Cell/OIC. He directs terminal operator (TO) activities in the simulation per TA’s plans and orders. He controls information output to the TA providing realism and the desired degree of simulation transparency. Typical RCCs in a Response Cell are:

OIC, Operations Officer, Fires officer, Intel officer, etc. The Response

Cell/OIC may be one of the RCCs.

c. Simulation Instructor-Controller

The IC is normally a contractor. He is responsible for his Response

Cell’s simulation support to the exercise. The IC uses his experience, understanding of warfighting dynamics and systems knowledge to transform systems data into useful information for simulation supported exercises. He trains and supervises his Response Cell personnel and maintains a log of significant events. He ensures Response Cell personnel are always aware of the status of simulation system(s). The IC ensures

Response Cell personnel translate orders they receive into simulation inputs that will enable the computer interface to be transparent to the COC.

He reports directly to the SC, or in his absence, to the SCO.

d. Terminal Operator

The TO is normally an active duty Marine sourced from the MEF/MEB or one of its MSCs. TOs input player commands into the simulation as directed by the RCC. TOs should be knowledgeable and experienced in the warfighting area the Response Cell simulates. He may not possess the tactical experience or military knowledge the RCC s and IC’s possess, so he must be given commands an inexperienced person can easily understand. Prior to the start of the exercise, TOs are trained on the simulation they will manage. TOs must understand how to input function specific commands and be able to interpret the format and information presented in reports they receive.

2004. Simulation Systems

MSTP currently uses MTWS as its primary exercise wargame system.

MTWS is a computer assisted command and control training system that the

Marine Corps has been using since the mid-1990s. MTWS provides training stimuli for staff elements from battalion to MEF level. It provides multi-sided, real-time battlespace capabilities across all phases of military operations and has the ability to populate current C4I systems such as

Command and Control Personal Computer (C2PC). Other services use wargame simulation systems such as the Warfighters Simulation

(WARSIM), Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS), the Air

Warfare Simulation (AWSIM), and the Joint Semi-Automated Forces

(JSAF) simulation.

These simulation systems can be integrated via the Joint Live Virtual

Constructive (JLVC) Federation. The JLVC Federation is a configuration of joint and service simulations and software used to represent the joint battle space to support joint training exercises. MSTP can support CPXs using

MTWS as a stand-alone simulation system, or as part of an integrated JLVC

Federation.

2005. Gamers and Players

Figure 2-2 illustrates the relationship between the simulation, gamers, and players.

Figure 2-2: Gamers and Players

While working on exercises conducted in conjunction with other services, you may encounter the terms “gamer” and “player” (U.S. Army

Terminology). Gamers work with the simulation. Military staff personnel

Training Audience

“Players”

Simulation System

Simulation Center

Response Cell

“Gamers”

R e s u lt s

D e c is io n s

R e p o rt s

C o m m a n d s in the simulation Response Cell are Gamers and Response Cells are sometimes called Gamer Cells. Player is another name for the TA.

Players operate from a COC for the exercise just as they would for an actual operation. The simulation should be transparent to them. Gamers, with the help of the simulation system, represent subordinate units that players command.

Part III

What You Do

This section details duties of the Response Cell/OIC and IC. In addition, this section delineates Response Cell/OIC and IC duties in relation to different phases of an exercise.

3001. Response Cell/OIC Duties

The Response Cell/OIC is primarily responsible for supervising the warfighting activities of the Response Cell and making decisions regarding simulation activities to support TA battle plans and orders. In addition, Response Cell/OIC duties include but are not limited to:

Be familiar with the capabilities and limitations of the simulation system (normally MTWS)

Ensure the submission of System Authorization Access Requests

(SAAR) for all Response Cell active duty personnel.

Ensure Response Cell Command and Control (C4I) systems are functional

Obtain a TA directory

Produce a Response Cell recall roster

Obtain relevant documents from the TA required to operate the

Response Cell (e.g., Operation Order [OPORD] and/or SOP

Annexes)

Obtain relevant report templates from the TA

Obtain and execute the Air Tasking Order/Ground Tasking Order

(if applicable)

Ensure operations (steady state and tasked) that support exercise battle plans and orders are properly executed in the simulation

Ensure reports are submitted to the TA in a timely and realistic manner

Role-play as required

Ensure all Response Cell activities are conducted in a realistic manner to maximize simulation transparency

Take notes and provide input for the AAR

Ensure the Response Cell is kept clean

Ensure classified material is properly handled and disposed of

Cooperate with the IC to prepare the Response Cell and provide the best training possible for the TA

3002. Simulation IC Duties

The IC is primarily responsible for supervising simulation support to the exercise in his Response Cell. Additional IC duties include but are not limited to:

Train and supervise Response Cell members

Verify their portion of the MTWS data base (Task organization &

TO/TE etc.)

Organize and supervise Response Cell operations continually, to include the physical layout of the cell and billet responsibilities.

Inform Response Cell personnel about exercise rules and workarounds

Ensure Response Cell members are aware of the status of simulation systems operating in the cell

Ensure information is passed appropriately and in accordance with the communications plan

Ensure reports are sent to the TA in a realistic and timely manner

Cue the appropriate OTC to significant modeling events

Review and supervise MSEL injection in a manner which supports the storyline and exercise objectives

Ensure the Response Cell is aware of security policies and procedures

Supervise Response Cell role-play efforts

Attend Response Cell meetings convened by SC

Support AAR preparation by observing, recording and reporting significant events.

See Instructor-Controller “DOs” and “DON’Ts” next page.

The remainder of this section explains your duties in relation to different phases of an exercise.

Do stay impartial. MSTP desires that the TA do well, but asking leading questions or giving away the exercise-path can alter the decision making process of the staff, and adversely affect the training provided by the exercise.

Do take copious notes. When in doubt, take more notes. You never know when your observation will become a critical data point for another IC or provide valuable information to the AAR.

Do role-play when appropriate. Make it real for the participants in the exercise.

Do know and understand the reports that are generated from the simulation model.

Do use the TA’s SOPs and tactics.

Do know the rules and workarounds for the simulation model.

Do report events in the model as if they were real. If there are any questions regarding a particular situation, refer to the SC.

Do always use correct communication procedures.

Do be patient and let the simulation work.

Do ensure the Response Cell is aware of adjudication procedures.

Do ensure you fully understand any MSEL injects assigned to your Response Cell so it is input in a manner that produces the desired effect.

DOs

Table 3-1: Simulation Instructor-Controller “DOs”

Don't coordinate between Response Cells when TA coordination is appropriate.

Don't send computer printouts to the TA.

Don't make TA decisions in the simulation center.

Don't discuss TA performance outside the IC ready room - the walls have ears

Don't report verbatim any report generated from the model or state, “the computer says.”

Don't engage in simulation “gamesmanship.”

Don't report events that are judged unreasonable or are model anomalies without checking with SC.

Don't get emotionally involved or lose your bearing.

Don't use the words “computer”, “model,” or “simulation” to anyone external to the simulation center.

Don’t input a MSEL inject that you don’t understand or are not directed to input.

Don’ts

Table 3-2: Simulation Instructor-Controller “DON’Ts”

3003. Actions Before the Exercise Begins

There are several tasks you must accomplish prior to the Start of the

Exercise (STARTEX) to ensure the Response Cell is prepared to participate in the exercise. You will supervise setup of the Response Cell and lead the cell through a series of pre-exercise events.

a. Prepare the Response Cell

Prior to departing for the exercise, you will need to read and understand the exercise Simulation Control Plan (SCP) as it contains essential information required to prepare your Response Cell. The SCP includes information such as a calendar of exercise events, a Simulation Center diagram, Response Cell training assignments, Response Cell checklists, etc.

When you arrive at the exercise site, MSTP will be conducting pre-exercise operations. Some pre-exercise operations will be in-progress, and others will have been completed. For example, MSTP conducts pre-exercise training to provide Response Cell/OICs, RCCs, and TOs required skills to operate the simulation and to explain responsibilities of Response Cell personnel. This instruction normally includes formal Computer Based Training (CBT) with practical applications designed to integrate Response Cells into the command and control structure of the exercising unit. Each cell will validate their portion of the database to ensure the force list, task organization and locations of their units are correct. As an IC, you may be tasked to assist with the training operation, or you may arrive after this training is complete.

Upon your arrival at the Response Cell, you will be expected to supervise completion of a Response Cell setup checklist. The contents of each checklist will vary depending on the exercise and Response Cell functional support area. Some checklist items may have been completed prior to your arrival.

Your duty is to supervise and validate completion of all checklist items. For example, technical personnel will normally establish the simulation system(s) in Response Cell spaces prior to your arrival. You will be expected to validate that simulation workstations in your cell are properly configured, and, if required, coordinate necessary adjustments with tech control. Ensure to keep senior control appraised of the setup status of your Response Cell as you complete Response Cell setup checklist items. Appendix A provides examples of Response Cell set up checklist.

Prior to STARTEX, four pre-exercise events are normally conducted with successful completion of each event a prerequisite for continuing on to the next event. First, a Communication Exercise (COMMEX) is conducted to test system performance and connectivity for C4I and simulation systems.

Next, a Staff Exercise (STAFFEX) will use the TA Command’s Information

System Directory to validate exerc ise communications. The third is an

Information Flow Exercise (INFOFLOWEX) will validate communication links between participating exercise staffs, exchange exercise-related information, and verify databases. The final pre-exercise event is a Rehearsal to practice the training unit’s plan as stated in their OPORD before t h e s t a r t o f t h e exercise.

At the conclusion of each pre-exercise event, the Exercise Director and the

MEF/MEB staff complete an assessment to determine if the TA is ready to proceed to the next event. Pre-exercise schedules are published in the

Simulation Control Plan for each exercise. For detailed information on the pre-exercise events, see MSTP EXSOP and applicable Letters of

Instruction (LOIs).

Each of these pre-exercise events has a corresponding Response Cell checklist you will be responsible to complete (see Appendix B for examples). Note that some Response Cells may have checklist items unique to that cell. In cases where a checklist item does not apply to your cell, mark the item “N/A.” As with all Response Cell checklists, ensure to keep the SC apprised of the status of your Response Cell during pre-exercise events.

b. Communication Exercise (COMMEX)

A COMMEX is an event conducted to validate the proper installation and operation of communications equipment. It provides personnel the opportunity to operate equipment within the context of exercise communications and simulations architectures while establishing communication with supported headquarters using systems used in actual operations. COMMEX also allows MSTP to establish communications between its main forward site, the Simulation Center, H&AHQ, and the MEF/MSC field site as well as workspaces allocated to the OTC(s) at their respective command posts. IC responsibilities during COMMEX include:

Understand your Response Cell C4I requirements (voice, data, and network) and identify any perceived shortfalls to senior control

Coordinate with the TA to facilitate C4I installation and testing

Establish C4I connectivity (all systems) with your respective TA element(s)

Populate, validate, and update information applicable to your

Response Cell in the exercise Information Systems Directory (ISD)

Discuss the Response Cell layout with the Response Cell/OIC and coordinate changes with the simulation center or TC as appropriate.

c. Staff Exercise (STAFFEX)

A STAFFEX is conducted to validate the exercise and communications with TA elements . IC responsibilities during STAFFEX include:

Validate members of the Response Cell identifies and communicates with their corresponding staff member in the TA

Validate connectivity using all C4I systems

Validate the exercise ISD

d. Information Flow Exercise (INFOFLOWEX)

INFOFLOWEX is conducted to exchange exercise-related information

(situation reports, intelligence reports, fire support coordination information, etc.). The INFOFLOEX allows Response Cells to demonstrate and refine their procedures with the simulation and interactions with the TA.

IC responsibilities during INFOFLOWEX include:

Manage execution of scenario test scripts

Exchange exercise-related information with the TA

Validate/refine exercise information exchange procedures with the

TA.

e. Rehearsal

The Rehearsal is conducted to practice the training unit’s plan as stated in their OPORD before actual execution. The Rehearsal provides additional training to refine communication, reporting, and simulation procedures.

IC responsibilities during the Rehearsal include:

Manage and refine Response Cell operational procedures

Manage and refine exercise information exchange procedures with the TA

Resolve any outstanding problems.

3004. Actions During the Exercise

During the course of the exercise ICs ensure the exercise operates smoothly and TA objectives are met. ICs monitor and supervise

R esponse C e l l pe r sonne l to ensure that their Response Cell stays manned throughout the exercise. The response cell OIC supervises watch/shift turnover briefs as required for active duty Response Cell members.

TOs report simulation results to the RCC. The RCC in turn provides information to the TA. Both the IC and Response Cell/OIC ensure information derived from the simulation system is reported to the

TA in a realistic manner. It is imperative that the Response Cell translate simulation data into language the TA would expect to receive in real world situations (raw simulation output should never be passed directly to the TA). In addition, Response Cells should use appropriate report formats supplied by the TA. ICs review all MSEL injects assigned to his

Response Cell and coordinates MSEL inputs at the appropriate time and place. In the event of a simulation pause, the IC supervises Response Cell efforts to script realistic activity output until the simulation system is operational.

a. Intelligence Build and Warm Start

An exercise may begin with two related activities, the Intelligence Build and Warm Start. The Intelligence build is that period where only ISR assets operate or move to collect intelligence. There is no combat action during an Intelligence Build and SCO may schedule portions of the Intelligence build to occur before the exercise officially begins. The warm start is the gradual build-up of activity at the start of the exercise. Both Intelligence

Build and Warm Start increase the situational awareness of the TA.

The warm start begins with all communication systems functioning and all

COC(s) and Response Cells fully manned. At first activities are restrained to allow the TA to adjust to their battle rhythm, but as the warm start progresses activity will gradually increase until all restraints are removed.

b. Making the Exercise as Realistic as Possible

A stream of perfect simulation system output reports will give the

Response Cell a perfect picture of the situation. Providing the TA such a perfect picture is unrealistic and undesirable. Response Cells must ensure information passed is as similar as possible to what they would likely receive in real-world situations. In war, information reaches the commander and his staff in pieces that are frequently inaccurate and nearly always incomplete. The staff must then assemble the pieces in a way that will produce an accurate picture of the battlespace. When selecting information to provide the TA (and to what degree it might be distorted), ICs a n d R e s p o n s e C e l l / O I C s must rely on judgment and experience while keeping exercise objectives in mind.

c. Response Cell Initiative

The Response Cell OIC, like any combat commander, must make realistic decisions within the bounds of the commander’s intent and keep higher and adjacent units informed of his actions. When appropriate, he will have to take the initiative and make decisions on his own. On other occasions he will simply have to follow orders. For example, if he has orders to begin movement, he should tell the TO to initiate a unit move. He does not need to request permission to step off or wait for instructions to do so. Likewise, if he comes under fire or encounters the enemy he should take immediate action per

SOPs and sound tactical principles to include the submission of appropriate reports in a realistic manner. The Response Cell/OIC should not, however, take the initiative to the point of changing the MEF/MEB scheme of maneuver or fire support plan, but when the tactical situation changes, the Response

Cell/OIC should request an appropriate change in orders.

Note that simulation systems do not respond to inspired leadership or heroic actions. If the assigned unit cannot hold an assigned position or reach a phase line, and the failure is not due to any inadequate simulation input, it does not reflect adversely on the performance of the Response

Cell. The goal of an exercise is not to “win” the simulation game; the goal is to provide MAGTF staff training. In this sense, Response Cell personnel must let the simulation operate and allow the TA to formulate decisions.

3005. Actions After the Exercise

Following E n d o f E x e r c i s e ( ENDEX), ICs ensure classified material is collected and handled as directed by EXCON. ICs secure Response Cell equipment and compile all Response Cell notes and observations in preparation for the AAR and FER. All simulation systems remain in place and electronically connected until the SCO directs otherwise.

a. After Action Review (AAR)

The AAR provides initial exercise feedback to the MAGTF and MSC commanders and their staffs. The AAR is conducted with the TA at or near the training site soon after ENDEX. The AAR contains analysis and synthesis of data collected during the course of the exercise. The Exercise

Director serves as the AAR facilitator. The AAR is not an evaluation, but an extension of the learning process. It is the first opportunity to reinforce lessons learned. The AAR focuses on training objectives, includes a discussion of noteworthy events, and is presented in a way to encourage open discussion.

MSTP personnel will hold their own internal AAR shortly after they return to Quantico. The focus of the internal AAR is on how MSTP can improve the exercise. ICs are encouraged to submit input for both AAR(s).

b. Final Exercise Report (FER)

MSTP produces a final exercise report approximately 30 days after conclusion of an exercise. The FER is a written report that summarizes

MSTP’s observations from the exercise. The final exercise report will be signed by the Exercise Director and mailed directly to the MAGTF

Commanding General.

Appendix A

Response Cell Checklist Examples

The following are examples of a Ground Maneuver Response Cell checklist.

Maneuver Response Cell Setup Checklist

MDS SET-UP: PLAYBOX____, CONTROLLER____, MAPS____, CBT____

Response Cell TOS (TO’S) CHECKED-IN PER ESMD (ENTER PERSONNEL ON

ESMD TAB)

Response Cell OIC & Response Cell CONTROLLER (RCC) CHECKED-IN

(ENTER PERSONNEL ON ESMD TAB)

Response Cell MEMBERS HAVE APPROPIATE SAAR’S

SIMULATION CENTER ADMINISTRATIVE BRIEF COMPLETED (REST

ROOMS, FOOD, SUPPLIES, HOUSEKEEPING AND PARKING)

ESTABLISH Response Cell RECALL ROSTER (ENTER RECALLL DATA ON

ESMD TAB)

OIC____ AND RCC____ COMPLETED “OIC & CONTROLLER TRAINING” CBT

ALL TOS HAVE COMPLETED MTWS FUNCTIONAL AREA CBT

Response Cell PERSONNEL ISSUED COPY OF EXERCISE RULES AND

MTWS WORKAROUNDS

Response Cell AWARE OF SECURITY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES (BURN

BAG, SHREDDERS, & COPIERS)

C-3 SYSTEMS INSTALLATION IN PROGRESS (VOIP____, SVOIP____,

SIPR____, CXI____, TRANSVERSE / MACO CHAT____, C2PC____)

CLC2S____ AND TCPT____ INSTALLED AND OPERATING

Response Cell OIC/RCC HAVE ACCESS TO GTO AND/OR LANDING PLAN

Response Cell OIC HAS CURRENT REPORT TEMPLATES (BATTLE RHYTHM):

OP ORDERS____, TACTICAL SOPS____, FRAGOS____, HHQ REPORT

TEMPLATES____

PROVIDE EXERCISE DIRECTORY INPUT TO SENIOR CONTROL (VOIP____,

SVOIP____, CHAT____, EMAIL____, FREQS____, POTS____)

Response Cell OIC/RCC HAVE ACCESS TO STARTEX UNIT ORGANIZATION, UNIT LAYDOWN, MAJOR EQUIPMENT DENSITY LIST AND CSS SUPPORT

CONCEPT (LOG SUPPORT/MSTP PLANNING BOOK)

Maneuver Response Cell COMMEX Checklist

C-3 SYSTEMS INSTALLED AND CHECKED (VOIP,SVOIP, SIPR/CXI, AFATDS,

TBMCS/ESTAT/WARP, TPCT)

Response Cell HAS COPY OF EXERCISE COMM PLAN

PLAIN OLD TELEPHONE SYSTEMS (POTS) TESTED AND WORKING

VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCAL (VOIP) TESTED AND WORKING

SECRET VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCAL (SVOIP) TESTED AND

WORKING

SIPR COMPUTERS INSTALLED AND ACCOUNTS LOGGED INTO

AFATDS INSTALLED, WORKING AND MISSIONS PASSED (IF APPLICABLE)

CLC2S INSTALLED AND WORKING (IF APPLICABLE)

IOS/C2PC INSTALLED AND WORKING (TRACKS PASSED)

Maneuver Response Cell INFOFLOWEX Checklist

CONFIRMED REPORTS SENT AND RECEIVED FROM GCE/MHG TA

EXECUTED UNIT MOVEMENT REPORT

EXECUTED UNIT CONTACT REPORT

EXECUTED UNIT CASUALTY REPORT

EXCUTED MED/CAS EVAC REPORT

EXECUTED ARTILLARY / CAS REQUEST REPORT

RECEIVED DIRECTION FROM GCE/MHG TA

VALIDATED INFORMATION FLOW VIA SVOIP AND SIPR/CENTRIX CHAT

WITH: RCS____, SIM CONTROL____, GCE COC’S____, ACE____, MLG____,

H&AHQ____

VALIDATED INFORMATION FLOW VIA SIPR OUTLOOK EMAIL

Maneuver Response Cell STAFFEX Checklist

Response Cell OIC/RCC AND STAFF PROFICIENT WITH INSTALLED C3

SYSTEMS

Response Cell PERSONNEL SHIFTS ESTABLISHED AND CONFIRMED

EXERCISE DIRECTORY RECEIVED (VOIP, SVOIP, CHAT, EMAIL, FREQS,

POTS)

SVOIP OPERATIONS CONFIRMED (OTHER RCS, SIM CONTROL, COC’S,

ACE, MLG AND H&AHQ)

COMMUNICATION ESTABLISHED WITH HIGHER HEAD QUARTERS

Note that checklist items will vary depending on the exercise and the type of

Response Cell functional support area needed.

Appendix B

Glossary

Section I Acronyms

AAR .............................................................................. After Action Review

BATMAN ............................................................................... Battle Manager

BDA ...................................................................... Battle Damage Assessment

C4I ........ Command, Control, Communication, Computers and Intelligence

CART ..............................................Combat Analysis and Review Toolkit

COA ..................................................................................... Course of Action

COC ...................................................................... Combat Operations Center

COG ..................................................................................... Center of Gravity

COMMEX ......................................................... Communication Exercise

COMOPFOR ................................................. Commander, Opposing Forces

CP ........................................................................................... Command Post

CPX ......................................................................... Command Post Exercise

CWS ............................................................................. Collection Worksheet

DASC .................................................................. Direct Air Support Center

ENDEX.................................................................................. End of Exercise

EXCON....................................................................... Exercise Control

EXSOP ............................................ Exercise Standing Operating Procedure

FAAR ............................................................. Facilitated After Action Review

FER ........................................................................... Final Exercise Report

FRAGO............................................................................. Fragmentary Order

GCE ........................................................................ Ground Combat Element

H&AHQ ................................................. Higher and Adjacent Headquarters

HHQ .............................................................................. Higher Headquarters

IC (Simulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instructor-Controller

ICC ................................................................. Intelligence Coordination Cell

ISR ........................................ Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance

INFOFLOWEX ................................................... Information Flow Exercise

INTSUM ....................................................................... Intelligence Summary

JCATS ............................................... Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation

MAGTF ........................................................ Marine Air-Ground Task Force

MCDP .................................................... Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication

MCO ............................................................................... Marine Corps Order

MCPP .................................................... Marine Corps Planning Process

MEB ............................................................... Marine Expeditionary Brigade

MEBEX ........................................... Marine Expeditionary Brigade Exercise

MEF .................................................................... Marine Expeditionary Force

MEFEX .........................................Marine Expeditionary Force Exercise

M&S .............................................................................. Modeling and Simulation

MRX .................................................................... Mission Rehearsal Exercise

MSC ...................................................... Major Subordinate Command

MSEL .........................