Attachment_J6_MSTP_Exercise_SOP-1.0.pdf

MAGTF STAFF TRAINING PROGRAM

DIVISION

Exercise Standing Operating Procedures (Volume 1)

(June 2018)

Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

M67854-19-R-7800 - Attachment J6

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF CHANGES

1. Purpose. The June 2018 Exercise SOP revision focuses on incorporating lessons learned from Large Scale Exercise (LSE)-17, I MEF MEFEX-18, and III MEF MEFEX- 18.

2. Universal Changes. The previous Exercise SOP update (dated March 2017) focused on terminology updates (i.e., Mini-Exercise vice Warm Start and Subordinate Unit Cells vice Response Cells), plus it described the process for “evaluating” cognitive effects and streamlining certain portions of the Exercise Life Cycle (ELC). In addition, the last SOP update attempted to align verbiage with the MAGTFTC SOP for clarity and consistency between MSTP-led and large scale exercises. This SOP revision continues some of those themes, but updates portions of the ELC (specifically Force Integration Training (FIT) events) to align with recent MSTP Exercise Improvement Working Group efforts; emphasizes the importance to man, train, and equip Subordinate Unit Response Cells (SURCs), which have been re-titled for clarity and alignment with normal modeling and simulation terminology; updates how MSTP currently organizes for exercises; and defines Exercise Objectives and Training Goals. This update also recognizes the continued role that MSTP plays in the service’s MAGTF Training Plan and LSE, to include the fact that Training organizations (TO) and Training Audiences (TA) must adapt to a dynamic exercise design that pits the TA against a near-peer opposing force (OPFOR) modeled upon the Marine Operating Concept and the updated National Defense Strategy.

3. Summary of Major Changes. In order of occurrence, the following changes are highlighted:

a. Introduction

– Updated reference titles/dates and added the Marine Corps Operating Concept (MOC) and Integrated Joint Special Technical Operations (IJSTO) to the reference list (page xviii, References)

– Added definitions for Exercise Objectives and Training Goals to ensure clarity and common understanding, plus set the foundation for exercise design and development (page ii, paragraph 4.a. and 4.b.)

– Updated Figure 1, Exercise Life Cycle, to clearly depict the four phases and ensure activities are properly aligned within each phase (page iv, Figure 1)

– Removed original wording about “five parts;” added the Map Exercise (MAPEX), and re-labeled this portion to read “Key Events” (page iv, Figure 1)

– Updated Table 1, Activities by Phase, to properly align activities within each phase of the ELC (page v, Table 1)

– Added a section describing MAPEX and emphasized its importance as a key event in the ELC (page vi, paragraph 7.b.)

b. Chapter 1 (Exercise Organization)

– Re-aligned overall chapter to better describe exercise agencies, roles, and responsibilities (General update)

– Re-labeled Subordinate Unit Cells (SUCs), formerly referred to as Response Cells in past SOP versions, to Subordinate Unit Response Cells (SURCs) to emphasize those cells are subordinate units of the TA and extensions of modeling & simulation (Universal update in this chapter and the rest of the

SOP)

– Added “In the absence of the Deputy Director, the MSTP Operations Officer may fill the Deputy Exercise Director role.” (page 1-1, paragraph 3)

– Updated the description of the “Mayoral Cell” and clarified the coordination with MSTP Exercise Support (page 1-2, paragraph 8.a)

– Added “The Senior Analyst will assist the Director in compiling the trends observed in different training events in order to provide inputs to the Expeditionary Force Development System (EFDS) and complete the annual United States Marine Corps (USMC) Training and Education Command (TECOM) Trend Reversal and Reinforcement Process (TRRP) report due annually to TECOM G3/5/7 by the last Friday of April.” (page 1-2, paragraph 7)

– Updated Figure 1-1: Exercise Control Group (ECG) to reflect current organizational structure (page 1-3, Figure 1-1)

– Added the requirement for EXCON to review and publish the Exercise Plan (EXPLAN) to ensure detailed information is provided for all Exercise Control Agencies and TA Trusted Agents; the EXPLAN includes details on Internal Synchronization, FIT, FINEX and FAAR activities (page 1-4, paragraph 11.b.)

– Updated Battle Manager (BATMAN) roles and responsibilities for clarity and consistency (page 1-5, paragraph 15)

– Added a section describing the Exercise Path Manager responsibilities, but emphasized those duties will be performed by BATMAN, if no Exercise Path Manager is available (page 1-6, paragraph 16)

– Described the roles and responsibilities of the initial and final MSEL Managers to ensure clarity and delineation of duties from one person to the next (pages 1-6 to 1-7, paragraph 17)

– Updated Figure 1-2, Exercise Piano Chart, to reflect changes to FIT events as discussed during Exercise Improvement Working Groups; modified FIT start day to Tuesday in order to ensure the TA is ready for FIT; expanded INFOFLOWEX to a two-day event to allow more time and feedback on battle drills; moved Terminal Operator and SURC Training earlier; added a SURC OIC day to allow for last-minute preparation; added a Final Simulation/C2

Systems Database Updates day; and moved COMMEX completion prior to FIT start (page 1-12, Figure 1-2)

– Updated Exercise Window and Battle Rhythm wording to clearly describe the typical 12-hour exercise window, while noting that “true” 24-hour operations are possible, but unlikely due to TO and TA manning limitations (page 1-12, paragraph 20)

– Updated Figure 1-3, Exercise Window, to reflect updates described above;

deleted the other Exercise Window slides from the previous SOP version to avoid confusion (page 1-14, Figure 1-3)

– Updated EXCON’s Battle Rhythm section to describe each event, clarify associated processes, and assign overall responsibilities and timelines (pages 1-15 to 1-17, paragraph 22)

– Updated Figure 1-4, Daily EXCON Battle Rhythm, to reflect updates described above (page 1-15, Figure 1-4)

– Updated information on the Effects Working Group (EWG) as part of the EXCON Battle Rhythm to align with discussions during Exercise Improvement Working Groups (pages 1-14 to 1-15 to 1-16, paragraph 22.a.(3))

– Updated information on the Effects Battle Management Cell (EBMC) to align with discussions during Exercise Improvement Working Groups (page 1-18, paragraph 25)

– Updated information in the OPFOR Cell section for clarity and consistency (pages 1-18 to 1-19, paragraph 25)

– Updated information in the ICC section for clarity and consistency (pages 1-19 to 1-23, paragraph 26)

c. Chapter 2 (Planning Phase)

– Added “Operations and Exercise Support Reps” as IPC Essential Attendees (page 2-5, Table 2-3)

– Clarified “Security Manager/Foreign Disclosure Rep” as IPC Essential Attendees (page 2-5, Table 2-3)

– Added “The Training Working Group should consist of the MAGTF Branch Rep, MSTPD Community of Interest (CoI) representatives, other TECOM training agencies, C2TECOE representatives, and associated TA representatives.” (page 2-6, paragraph 6.c.(2))

– Added “While EDD/EXELMS normally develops the Planning Book, the MAGTF Branch and functional SMEs should assist with Planning Book development to provide functional validation and understanding of the

Exercise OE and planning parameters prior to the WFS and PPA.” (page 2-9, paragraph 7.f.)

– Added “Operations and Exercise Support Reps” as MPC Essential Attendees (page 2-11, Table 2-4)

– Clarified “Security Manager/Foreign Disclosure Rep” as MPC Essential Attendees (page 2-11, Table 2-4)

d. Chapter 3 (Preparation Phase)

– Added “EXCON facilitates WFS execution by coordinating the venue and support requirements although the MAGTF Branch AO and designated TA WFS action officer typically conduct detailed coordination.” (page 3-6, paragraph 6)

– Added “MAGTF Branch Head, MAGTF Branch AO, and EDD will coordinate periodic WFS briefs to the MSTP Deputy and Director.” (page 3-6, paragraph 6)

– Added “The XA generally specifies the level of detail required in the MAGTF OPORD while the MAGTF identifies the scope of MSC/E OPORDs with associated annexes, appendices, C2PC overlays, and decision support products. MSTP OTCs attend the PPA to observe, coach, mentor, and train the OPT, as necessary. MSTP often reviews the MAGTF Plan-to-Plan to ensure adequate time is provided to critical planning steps. The OTCs typically coordinate a workspace with the TA for the duration of the OPT.”

(page 3-7, paragraph 7)

– Added “MSTP will conduct an orders comparison of TA orders to better understand MAGTF and MSC CONOPs and concepts of support; nesting of H&AHQ, MAGTF, and MSC plans; and effectiveness of orders (level detail, synchronization, accuracy, clarity, etc.). The orders comparison should identify inconsistencies, inaccuracies, and incompleteness between orders that might cause problems during the FINEX.” (page 3-9, paragraph 10)

– Added “The MSTP Security Manager should determine the classification of the training event as early as possible in the ELC to include C2 systems and the classification of those systems utilized for the event. Additionally, the MSTP Foreign Disclosure Officer (FDO) should identify the participation of any foreign nationals in order to prepare Foreign Disclosure guidance.” (pages 3- 12 to 3-13, paragraph 14)

e. Chapter 4 (Execution Phase)

– Added detailed information on the Effects Adjudication Process (EAP), Effects Battle Management Cell (EBMC), and the Effects Working Group to align with discussions during Exercise Improvement Working Groups (pages 4-4 to 4-8, paragraph 9 and Figures 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3)

– Updated information on Internal Synchronization to more clearly explain its purpose, schedule of events, processes, and required attendees (page 4-7, paragraph 10)

f. Chapter 5 (Feedback Phase)

– Added both the “Marine Corps Expeditionary Force Development System (EFDS) and Training and Education Command (TECOM) Trend Reversal and Reinforcement Process (TRRP)” to align with current orders/guidance (page 5- 1, paragraph 1 and Table 5-1)

g. Annex A (Exercise Information Management)

– Updated to reflect Knowledge Management (KM) throughout the Annex which now reads “Information Management / Knowledge Management or IM/KM” (General Update)

– Added “This collaboration can also focus the IM/KM collection plan on potential challenges observed during the exercise.” (page A-9, paragraph 5.b.(2))

– Added “The IM/KM OTC, co-located with the TA, will have frequent interactions with the IM/KM analyst back at Quantico over telephone or VTC.

The discussion sessions will give the IM/KM OTC a holistic view of how IM/KM processes between H&AHQ and the TA are being executed.” (page A11, paragraph 6.a.(3))

– Added “Products can be saved on the persistent MSTP Intelink SharePoint site to be accessed at a future time.” (page A-12, paragraph 7.b.(2)b))

h. Annex B (Exercise Security)

– Added “utilizing air-gap procedures when” and added “have appropriate CTO- 133 Exemption in place and” (page B-2, paragraph 3.e.)

– Added “coordinate with the Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) to” and added “and other contracts where a security clearance and access are required by the PWS.” (page B-3, paragraph 3.i.)

i. Annex C (Exercise Support)

– Updated to reflect “Exercise Support and EXCON” working together to plan the exercise support functions (page C-1, paragraphs 3., 4., and 5.)

j. Annex D (Communications & Information Systems)

– Overview paragraph was rewritten with emphasis on: “First: plan, develop, and integrate the overall exercise network in conjunction with the TA G-6.

Second: install, operate, and maintain the H&AHQ site and forward MSTP exercise site. Third: Support the MAGTF Branch by providing observers, trainers, and collectors for Command, Control, Communications, Computers (C4), Information Management/Knowledge Management (IM/KM), and Operations in the Information Environment (OIE) (space, cyber, IO, etc.).”

(page D-1, paragraph 2.)

– Updated to reflect the CISB Lead Planner and EXCON working together to coordinate connectivity to unclassified data networks and other IT services to support MSTP end user requirements. Now reads “In support of the IPC the CISB lead planner in close coordination with EXCON will coordinate with the training audience G-6 for connectivity to unclassified data networks and other IT service to support MSTP end user requirements.” (page D-2, paragraph 3.a.(8))

k. Annex E (Modeling & Simulations Support)

– Changed Subordinate Unit Cell (SUC) to Subordinate Unit Response Cell (SURC) (General Update)

l. Annex F (Exercise Observation, Collection, and Reporting)

– Added “efforts result in: on-the-spot feedback (e.g. coaching, mentoring, and training) to training audience representatives, feedback to inform exercise design or exercise execution activities, and development of” (page F-1, paragraph 2.)

– Updated to read “The overall MSTP Collection Plan that supports MEF and MEB exercises is derived from a MET based review of MAGTF T&R standard events, Exercise Objectives, and other MAGTF Trends/Focus Areas/Initiatives (e.g. USMC Concepts).” (page F-1, paragraph 3.a.(1))

– Updated to better reflect how OTCs observe and record training audience actions and inactions. (page F-1, paragraph 3.a.(2))

– Updated to better reflect the OTC collection process. Added “to share insights at established collaborative events (e.g. Team Hits, NUB, SUB), derive trends that impact MAGTF operations, and provide formal and informal feedback to improve MAGTF operations and TA staff actions (page F-1, paragraph 3.b.)

– Updated to better explain collection efforts prior to FINEX: “or associate T&R events linked to MAGTF METs. OTC efforts generally begin during the Exercise Warfighting Seminar with formal functional and cross-functional instruction and other functional discussions. OTC efforts continue during the Exercise Planning Practical Application (PPA) during which the TA initiates the planning to develop a plan to execute FINEX. OTC actions continue during various TA preparation activities to include: review/feedback of TA orders, MAPEX, and MSEL reviews. Dependent on MSTP manning and schedules, participation in internal CPX may also be included. OTC persistent engagement with TA and Exercise Design throughout each Exercise Life Cycle facilitates development of Specific/Functional Collection Plans and thorough preparation for Exercise Execution (FINEX).” (page F-2, paragraph 3.b.(1))

– Updated to better explain collection efforts during execution: “deviations from published/draft unit SOPs; and variations from known TTP/business rules related to staff actions and processes, OTCs collect positive and negative trends by observing, training and collecting TA FINEX execution and conduct analysis and synthesis of collected observations to derive causes and effects.

Ultimately, the goal is to identify what happened, why it happened, and what is the impact on MAGTF Operations.” (page F-2, paragraph 3.b.(2))

– Updated to describe the Observer Trainer Collector Group (OTCG): “OTC Teams can collectively be referred to as the Observer Trainer Collector Group (OTCG), when expanded to include CoI SMEs and other augments. It may contain MSTP personnel, community of interest augments (MARFORCYBER, MCCMOS, MCIOC, etc.), other functional experts and observers, and multinational OTC teams. Every effort should be made to expand the collection effort and collaboration/sharing via daily OTCG Team Hits.” “CP Teams at the MSC/E level will likely be small (1-5 individuals, based on the exercise. Consistent presence is required by at least one rep to ensure reporting of staff action and impacts the MAGTF CE or MAGTF as a whole.

Rotating functional teams throughout each CP can help to mitigate OTC shortfalls.” (pages F-3 to F-4, paragraph 4.b.)

– Updated the OTC Team Composition: “MSTP-sourced MTSS analysts, community of interest augments, other exercise observers, multinational OTCs” (page F-4, paragraph 4.b.(2))

– Expanded to include FAAR topic development: “FAAR topics should be backed up with specific examples derived from collections over the entire Exercise Life Cycle. FAAR topics may be MET-based, functionally-based, or based on other directed focus area (e.g. Rear Area or Admin). FAAR topics are generally developed several days into the exercise to allow time to formalize the topic and accomplish quality control reviews and rehearsals prior to FAAR execution. OTCs associated with CP or Functional Teams should plan to submit proposed topics 5 days prior to FAAR execution” (page F-5, paragraph 4.d.)

– Added “FER Production Team. The Senior Analyst will coordinate with the Head OTC to establish a developmental FER timeline. The Head OTC will assign leads to develop FER topics based on observations throughout the exercise and FAAR discussions. The FER consists of an Executive Summary and Functional/MET section reports. The FER is due to the Commanding

General of the Exercise TA NLT 30 days after the completion of the FAAR.

FER development can begin during the CPX but must be initiated immediately upon return from the exercise. Initial drafts of functional sections should be provided to the Senior Analyst NLT 10 days after the completion of the FAAR.

The Senior Analyst will review functional reports and coordinate with the Head OTC and individual writers to finalize each section. The Senior Analyst will also develop the Executive Summary from functional reports and route the FER to MSTP leadership for review.” (page F-5, paragraph 4.e.)

– Updated to better reflect how OTC Information is managed and now reads as:

“OTCs should use SharePoint-based, collaborative tools to capture collections throughout efforts during the entire Exercise Life Cycle NLT the PPA. The Lead OT will monitor OTC Team meetings (usually referred to as Team Hits) and collaborative tools during the PPA and CPX to facilitate preparation and development of the FAAR and FER. OTCs will capture observations (initial and processed data) and report this data to their OTC Team Lead. Individual OTCs and the Team Lead will analyze and synthesize the data. OTC Team Leads will report key collection insights during the daily meetings (e.g. Team Hit, NUB, SUB) to inform other EXCON agencies, TA trusted agents, and MSTP leadership of daily observations, training, and coaching. In this manner, OTCs provide critical insights to improve TA execution, provide context between TA and EXCON activities, and provide feedback to EXCON to help manage CPX activities.” (page F-7, paragraph 6.)

m. Annex G (Higher and Adjacent Headquarters Cell)

– Added “Typically, the Commanders reside in the Executive VTC Suite, the COC sets up in the 1CC, the J/CAOC resides in the basement adjacent to the Modeling and Simulations (M&S) spaces, overflow staff reside in the 2CC and Cells 1-4, and the War Room is reserved for B2C2WGs.” (page G-7, paragraph 4.

– Added “Following the MAPEX the H&AHQ Cell will develop and publish to the TA appropriate products to further illustrate and/or synchronize scenario-based events.” (page G-9, paragraph 5.c.)

– Added “This Battle Rhythm is normally developed for review by the training audience NLT the MPC. See also the XA, Annex A, Information Management for additional information, battle rhythm, and reports.” (page G-9, paragraph 6.b.(1))

– Added “The H&AHQ IM/KMO manages the H&AHQ Battle Rhythm and the H&AHQ Chief of Staff serves as the approval authority for changes to the H&AHQ Battle Rhythm during FINEX.” (page G-9, paragraph 6.b.(2))

n. Annex H (Opposing Forces Cell)

– Added “Work with M&S to develop exercise business rules and appropriate work arounds.” (page H-4, paragraph 3.e.(8))

o. Annex I (Intelligence Coordination Cell)

– Added: “These constructs drive the source, type, and volume of ICC injects.

Injects are either edited prior to delivery based on MTWS derived reporting, or entirely scripted based on MTWS activity and other factors (see below). (page I-2, paragraph 2.d.)

– Added: “Determine requirement for ICC Intelligence Scripting Working Group Conference (normally held no earlier than conclusion of MAGTF/MSC Planning Practical Application, and prior to FIT/FINEX). (page I-4, paragraph 3a.(2)

p. Annex J (Personnel Augmentation Procedures)

– No significant updates

q. Annex K (FDO Procedures)

– No significant updates

r. Annex L (Glossary of Acronyms and Terms)

– Minor updates to acronyms and terms

TABLE OF CONTENTS – VOLUME I

LOT LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL i

SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF CHANGES iii

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

Purpose xviii MSTP Background xviii MSTP Overview xviii Concept of the Operations xix MEFEX/MEBEX Construct xx Exercise Life Cycle xx Key ELC Events xxii Other Exercise Constructs xxiii Academic Support xxiv

CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE ORGANIZATION

Purpose 1-1 Exercise Director 1-1 Deputy Exercise Director 1-1 Highly Qualified Expert-Senior Mentors (HQE-SM) 1-1 Head Observer-Trainer-Collector (OTC) 1-1 OTC Teams 1-1 Senior Analyst 1-2 Exercise Support Officer 1-2 Communications and Information Support Branch (CISB) 1-2 Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Branch 1-3 Exercise Control (EXCON) 1-3 Deputy EXCON 1-4

EXCON-A 1-4

Battle Manager (BATMAN) 1-5 Exercise Path Manager 1-6 Master Scenario Events List (MSEL) Manager 1-6 EXCON Information Management Officer (IMO) 1-8 Exercise Piano Chart 1-11 Exercise Window and Battle Rhythm 1-12 Director’s Battle Rhythm 1-14 EXCON’s Battle Rhythm 1-14 Simulation Control 1-18 Technical Control and Systems Control 1-18 Effects Battle Management Cell (EBMC) 1-18 OPFOR Cell 1-18 Intelligence Coordination Cell (ICC) 1-20 Battle Damage Reporting 1-24 Higher and Adjacent headquarters (H&AHQ) Cell 1-24 Internal Synchronization 1-25 Force Integration Training (FIT 1-25 Final Exercise (FINEX) 1-25

CHAPTER 2 PLANNING PHASE

Purpose 2-1 Planning Phase Construct 2-1 Concept Development Working Group 2-1 Senior Leader Exercise Design Engagement (SLEDE) 2-2 Concept Development Conference (CDC) 2-2 Initial Planning Conference (IPC) 2-4 Exercise Scenario Development 2-7 Main Planning Conference (MPC) 2-10

CHAPTER 3 PREPARATION PHASE

Purpose 3-1 Battle Staff Training (BST) 3-1 MSEL Refinement Conference 3-4 Exercise Planning Book Publication 3-5 OTC Collection Plan Development 3-6 Warfighting Seminar (WFS) 3-6 Planning Practical Application (PPA) 3-7 Final Planning Conference (FPC) 3-8 Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Preparation 3-9 Orders Comparison 3-9

MAPEX 3-10

MSEL Synchronization Conference 3-12 FINEX Confirmation/Deployment Brief 3-12 Exercise Security Classification 3-12

CHAPTER 4 EXECUTION PHASE

Purpose 4-1 MSTP Advanced Party Actions 4-1 Training Audience Set-up and Internal Training 4-1 MSTP Main Body Deployment 4-2 Terminal Operator, ICC, and Subordinate Unit Response Cell Training 4-2 H&AHQ Response Cell Preparation and Augment Orientation 4-3 Final Shaping Adjudication 4-3 Final Reconnaissance Adjudication 4-3 Effects (IE) Adjudication Process 4-4 Internal Synchronization 4-7 Force Integration Training (FIT) 4-7 Communications Exercise (COMMEX) 4-9 Staff Exercise (STAFFEX) 4-9 Information Flow Exercise (INFOFLOWEX) 4-9

MINIEX 4-10

FINEX Execution 4-10

CHAPTER 5 FEEDBACK PHASE

Purpose 5-1 Facilitated After Action Review (FAAR) 5-1 Final Exercise Report (FER) 5-3

MSTP Internal AAR (IAAR) 5-3 Exercise Archiving 5-4 Expeditionary Force Development System (EFDS) Input 5-4 Lessons Learned 5-4 Trend Reversal and Reinforcement Process (TRRP) 5-4

ANNEX A EXERCISE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (IM)

Purpose A-1 Responsibilities A-1 Activities and Responsibilities Summary A-1 Planning Phase A-1 Preparation Phase A-8 Execution Phase A-10 Feedback Phase A-12

ANNEX B EXERCISE SECURITY

Purpose B-1 Scope B-1 Assignments and Responsibilities B-1 Physical and Operational Security B-3 Personnel Security B-3 Information Security (INFOSEC) B-4 Industrial Security B-7 Exercise Agreement B-7

ANNEX C EXERCISE SUPPORT

Purpose C-1 Exercise Support C-1 Travel Planning C-1 Planning Conference Support C-1 Planning Conference Actions C-1 Warfighting Seminar and Planning Practical Application Support C-2 FINEX Support C-2 Exercise Equipment Embarkation and Transportation C-2 MSTP Workspaces C-3 HQE/SM Support C-4 IMA Det Support C-6

ANNEX D COMMUNICATIONS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CIS)

Purpose D-1 Overview D-1 Exercise Lifecycle D-1 Communications Network and Services Support D-7 Information Systems Support D-10 MSTP Internal Coordination Requirements D-13 Representative CIS POA&M D-14

ANNEX E MODELING & SIMULATION (M&S) SUPPORT

Purpose E-1 M&S Exercise Organization E-1 M&S Exercise Planning Activities E-3 M&S Exercise Preparation Activities E-4

M&S Exercise Execution Activities E-5 M&S Feedback Activities E-7

ANNEX F EXERCISE OBSERVATION, COLLECTION, AND REPORTING

Purpose F-1 Overview F-1 Fundamentals of Observation, Collection, and Reporting (OTC) F-1 Exercise Collection and Reporting Organization F-3 OTC Collection Plans F-5 OTC Information Management F-7

ANNEX G HIGHER AND ADJACENT HEADQUARTERS (H&AHQ) RESPONSE CELL

Purpose G-1 H&AHQ Response Cell Mission G-1 H&AHQ Response Cell Organization G-1 H&AHQ Response Cell Support G-7 H&AHQ Exercise Preparation Activities G-8 H&AHQ Exercise FINEX Activities G-9

ANNEX H OPPOSING FORCES (OPFOR)

Purpose H-1 OPFOR Roles and Responsibilities H-1 OPFOR Exercise Planning and Preparation Activities H-1 OPFOR Exercise Execution Activities H-5 OPFOR Feedback Activities H-5

ANNEX I INTELLIGENCE COORDINATION CELL (ICC)

Overview I-1 Intelligence Injects and Exercise Constructs I-2 Exercise Life Cycle Support I-3 ICC and H&AHQ Response Cell Intelligence I-6 ICC and MAGTF MSC/MSE/and Other SUB Unit Response (SURC) Cell I-7

ANNEX J PERSONNEL AUGMENTATION PROCEDURES

General J-1 Overview J-1 IPC Preparation J-2 Augmentation/SME Sponsorship J-3

IPC/MPC J-4

General Coordination J-4 Changes to Event Dates J-4 Final Coordination Through Augment Reporting Letter of Instruction J-4 Attachment 1: JTIMS SME Request Format J-1-1

ANNEX K FOREIGN DISCLOSURE

Purpose K-1 Policy K-1 Duties and Responsibilities K-1 Disclosure and Release K-2 Process K-3 FD Guide K-3 Sanitizing and Redacting K-4 Secure Cross Domain Data Transfer K-5

Foreign Visits K-10 Exercise Agreement (XA) K-10

ANNEX L GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS

Purpose L-1 Overview L-1 Acronyms L-2 Terms L-6

INTRODUCTION

Ref: (a) MCO 1500.53B, Marine Air Ground Task Force Staff Training Program, 5 March 2013 (U)

(b) MCO 3500.11F, Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Program (MAGTFTP), 24 April 2015 (U)

(c) MCO S003120.2, Marine Corps Integrated Joint Special Technical Operations (IJSTO), 7 April 2014 (U)

(d) MCO 1553.4B, Professional Military Education (PME), 25 January 2008

(e) Combat Center Order 3500.15, Marine Air Ground Task Force Training

Command Large Scale Exercise, 14 November 2014

(f) Marine Corps Operating Concept, September 2016

(g) TECOMO 3503.1A, Training and Education Command (TECOM) Trend

Reversal and Reinforcement Process (TRRP), 6 February 2012

1. Purpose. This introduction provides an overview of the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Staff Training Program (MSTP), describes MSTP support to the Marine Corps Operating Forces, and explains the MSTP Exercise Standing Operating Procedures (SOP) structure. The Exercise SOP contains two volumes. Volume I consists of chapters and annexes that describe MSTP processes and procedures through each phase of the Exercise Life Cycle (ELC) and annexes that delve deeper into branch and functional area specific topics. Volume II provides an “online” electronic library of supporting material with supplemental information and specific examples of exercise documents or functional processes.

2. MSTP Background. The U.S. Marine Corps formally established MSTP in April 1993. The Commandant of the Marine Corps validated the program in reference (a) on 30 August 2002 with the publication of Marine Corps Order (MCO) 1500.53A, Marine Air Ground Task Force Staff Training Program. Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) revised this MCO to MCO 1500.53B on 5 March 2013. Reference (b), MCO 3500.11F, Marine Air Ground Task Force Training Program (MAGTFTP), further refined the role of MSTP. Reference (c), MCO S003120.2, delineated MSTP’s Integrated Joint Special Technical Operations (IJSTO) responsibilities. The remaining references further refined MSTP role and relationship with other training organizations.

3. MSTP Overview. In general terms, the Marine Corps designed MSTP to provide professional training and education along with a rigorous Command Element staff exercise to maximize the proficiency and effectiveness of the MAGTF staff and leadership at the Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) and Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) levels as described in the following mission statement:

a. Mission. MSTP will provide training in MAGTF operations across the range of military operations (ROMO) within the context of a Joint and Combined environment to improve the warfighting skills of senior commanders and their staffs.

4. Concept of Operations. MSTP supports Marine Corps Operating Forces as the main effort by providing training through a comprehensive, but adaptable exercise life cycle delivered to MAGTF commanders and staffs at the MEF and MEB level at least once every two (2) years. The venue for a MEF/MEB Exercise (MEFEX/MEBEX) addresses operations across the ROMO, utilizing a variety of scenarios and exercise events tailored to the MAGTF Commanders Exercise Objectives (see definition below). During each exercise, MSTP pits the MAGTF against skilled and determined adversaries capable of sophisticated action in a complex, hybrid threat environment to advance the warfighting skills of senior commanders, their staffs, and subordinate organizations.

Training during MSTP-led exercises demands full participation by the MAGTF CE staff and its Major Subordinate Commands/Elements (MSC/E) in order to achieve maximum results and realistic staff actions. Both the MAGTF CE staff and MSC/E unit training is defined by Training Goals (see definition below), as identified during exercise planning.

a. Exercise Objectives. Exercise objectives are the foundation of each exercise and focus on the overall effects the MAGTF Commander wants to achieve during the exercise. They are normally articulated by the MAGTF Commander personally through his staff and broadly guide what needs to be accomplished during the exercise.

An exercise objective can be a simple statement describing the commander’s desired end state or as complex description of multiple exercise events that must be obtained in order to achieve success. Normally, exercise objectives are based on Mission Essential Tasks (METs), but they can include other objectives from various domains (i.e., Space, Cyber, Special Operations, etc.). Early identification of exercise objectives is critical because MSTP exercise planners use the identified exercises objectives to design, develop, and execute an exercise scenario that achieves the commander’s vision. In other words, properly stated exercise objectives provide participants, observers, controllers, and trainers with a solid basis for conducting their assessment and associated After Action Reviews (AARs). When the exercise objectives are established, the type of exercise to be conducted can be selected and further exercise development can continue.

b. Training Goals. A Training Goal is a statement that describes the desired outcome of a training activity in the unit or the staff. Training Goals are subordinate to Exercise Objectives and represent what the unit commander and/or staff principal wants to achieve at the conclusion of each exercise event. Training Goals are similar to tactical objectives in that they focus on the effects the subordinate unit commander and/or staff principal wants to achieve. In all cases, Training Goal effects focus on progressively (crawl-walk-run) mastering the identified METs. Ideally, Training Goals should be specific, relevant, realistically obtainable, measurable, and supportive. A Training Goal normally consists of the following:

(1) Task. A clearly defined and measurable activity accomplished by organizations and/or individuals.

(2) Condition. The circumstances and environment in which a unit or individual is to perform a task.

(3) Standard. The minimum acceptable proficiency required in the performance of a particular training task.

(4) Training proficiency. This is the task proficiency rating that the unit commander and/or staff principal expects the unit and/or staff to meet at the conclusion of the event.

5. MEFEX/MEBEX Construct. The standard MEFEX/MEBEX involves a force-on-force training event. The event normally focuses on a constructive simulation run in a computer modeling and simulation system. Considering the MAGTF commander’s exercise objectives, MSTP can base the scenario on an existing operational plan, an emerging contingency, or a fictitious operational environment. This MEFEX/MEBEX normally consists of an MSTP-led series of events building to a final exercise or it can occur within a larger exercise construct. If the exercise or the exercise objectives and training goals require events beyond what the model can provide, MSTP can script the required additional events to inject into the scenario.

6. Exercise Life Cycle (ELC). MSTP plan and executes an exercise using a four-phased ELC (See Figure 1 below). Certain phases of the ELC may occur concurrently.

The inclusion and scope of specific life cycle events may vary and depend on the type of exercise. Table 1 depicts ELC activities by phase.

a. Planning Phase. The Planning Phase begins with the initial scheduling of the exercise, continues through the Initial Planning Conference (IPC) and exercise design steps, and culminates with the signing of the Exercise Agreement (XA) at or immediately following the Main Planning Conference (MPC). See Chapter 2 for a detailed summary of the Planning Phase.

b. Preparation Phase. The Preparation Phase begins immediately after the MPC, includes the Final Planning Conference (FPC), the Planning Practical Application (PPA) with associated orders development, review, and feedback. It also includes the Map Exercise (MAPEX) and culminates with the MSTP main body deployment and confirmation briefing prior to MSTP team movement to the training event sites. See Chapter 3 for a detailed summary of the Preparation Phase.

c. Execution Phase. The Execution Phase begins with MSTP advance party deployment for initial set up of workspaces at the training event sites, includes Force Integration Training (FIT) and Final Exercise (FINEX), and ends with the MAGTF Commander’s announcement of ENDEX (End Exercise). See Chapter 4 for a detailed summary of the Execution Phase.

d. Feedback Phase. The Feedback Phase encompasses all activities associated with the Facilitated After Action Review (FAAR) and culminates with the publication of the Final Exercise Report (FER) approximately thirty days following the FAAR. The feedback phase will also include a MSTP internal AAR and input (as required) to the Expeditionary Force Development System (EFDS) and Trend Reversal and

Reinforcement Process (TRRP). See Chapter 5 for a detailed summary of the Feedback Phase.

Figure 1: Exercise Life Cycle (ELC)

Planning Phase Preparation Phase Exercise Scheduled Concept Development Working Group Senior Leader Exercise Design

Engagement (SLEDE) Concept Development Conference (CDC) Initial Planning Conference (IPC) H&AHQ OPT/Theater Wargame Exercise Agreement (XA) Development Exercise Scenario Development Exercise Planning Book Development Master Scenario Events List (MSEL)

Development Conference Main Planning Conference (MPC) XA Signed Planning Book Development

Battle Staff Training (BST) MSEL Refinement Conference MSTP Observer Trainer Collector (OTC)

Collection Plan Development Planning Book Publication Warfighting Seminar (WFS) Planning Practical Application (PPA) Final Planning Conference (FPC) MAGTF Operations Order (OPORD)

Published Modeling & Simulation Preparation MSTP Orders Review & Feedback Map Exercise (MAPEX) MSEL Synchronization Conference MSTP Final Exercise (FINEX)

Deployment/Confirmation Briefing Execution Phase Feedback Phase MSTP Advance Party Deployment and Set-up Training Audience (TA) COC Set-up and

Internal Training MSTP Main Body deployment Terminal Operator, Intelligence

Coordination Cell (ICC), and Subordinate Unit Response Cell (SURC) Training

H&AHQ Cell Preparation and Augment Orientation

MSTP Internal Synchronization Final Shaping & Reconnaissance

Adjudication Effects Adjudication Process Force Integration Training (FIT) Final Exercise (FINEX)

Facilitated After Action Review (FAAR) Final Exercise Report (FER) MSTP Internal AAR Expeditionary Force Development System

(EFDS) Input Trend Reversal and Reinforcement

Process (TRRP) Input

Table 1: Activities by Phase

7. Key ELC Events. During a typical ELC, there are six (6) key events as follows:

a. Battle Staff Training (BST). BST includes training events and workshops covering topics such as Command, Control, Communication, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I); Information Management (IM); and staff actions and COC operations which provide functional training for commanders, staffs, and watch standers to support the final exercise (FINEX). This BST normally leverages the Command and Control Training and Education Center of Excellence (C2 TECOE), which provides programs of record systems, applications, and functional training to MAGTF and MSC/E staffs. In addition, individual units leverage USMC, joint, combined schools and training venues, which focus on various MAGTF warfighting functions to improve individual, as well as overall staff knowledge. In most cases, MAGTF staffs and subordinate units plan and execute internal Command Post Exercises (CPXs) in order to prepare for the MSTP-led FINEX. When available, MSTP personnel assist with those CPXs, either through staff dialogue, on-site mentoring and/or other such training.

b. Warfighting Seminar (WFS). The WFS focuses on key academic and warfighting topics identified jointly by the MAGTF staff and MSTP. Normally, it includes an overview of past lessons learned, trends and topics that warrant specialized seminars, sidebars, or tabletop exercises (TTX) focused on real world requirements in a planned area of operations.

c. Planning Practical Application (PPA). The PPA involves an MSTP-assisted Operational Planning Team (OPT), which requires the MAGTF and subordinate unit staffs to produce a written operations order (OPORD) or fragmentary order (FRAGORD) to support FINEX execution.

d. Map Exercise (MAPEX). The MAPEX consists of a wargame of the exercise concept of operations (CONOPs) (using specified tools, i.e, maps, C2PC overlays, and/or MTWS) to depict exercise force, H&AHQ, and OPFOR actions in order to identify areas for collection, conflicts, shortfalls, additional scripting requirements, enhance understanding of the exercise, and develop/refine the exercise path. Using the CONOPs derived from the MAGTF OPORD, Trusted Agents from the training audience wargame the exercise with a designated OPFOR Lead playing the threat and the simulated H&AHQ staff describing higher and adjacent command actions.

e. Final Exercise (FINEX). The FINEX, within the MEFEX/MEBEX construct, is where the MAGTF executes its order within the agreed upon scenario. FINEX provides an exercise environment enhanced by MSTP’s Community of Interest (CoI) role players and augments so MAGTF commanders and staffs can interface with a realistic, simulated Higher Headquarters, plus interact with adjacent commands (as needed) to culminate the ELC.

f. Facilitated After Action Review (FAAR). The FAAR is a MSTP-led discussion based on observations from the Observer Trainer Collectors (OTCs), which closely follows the FINEX. MSTP OTCs lead the FAAR emphasizing lessons identified, collective exercise objectives and training goals achieved, and solutions or recommendations to take forward. By its nature the FAAR encompasses a facilitated discussion “teed up” through OTC observations to encourage an open dialogue and introspective review. The FAAR can also serve as a forum for Marine Corps Forces and HQMC representatives to identify and capture emerging and future warfighting requirements and trends. TECOM can use trends identified in the FAAR to complete EFDS and TRRP requirements of reference (g) across the Operating Forces.

8. Other Exercise Constructs. MSTP can adapt or integrate its exercise into a number of other exercise constructs. If necessary, the six events described above, which are normally associated with a MEFEX/MEBEX construct for a model driven/script supported exercise, can also apply to an exercise where the majority of events require actions not fully simulated by the model. This construct switches the paradigm to a script driven/model supported design. The MSTP six-event construct can also apply to exercises that employ live simulation (a simulation involving real people operating real systems), virtual simulation (a simulation that involving real people operating simulated systems, e.g. a flight or tank simulator) or constructive simulation (a simulation involving simulated people operating simulated systems). MSTP may use other exercise constructs such as those listed below:

a. Mission Rehearsal Exercise (MRX). An exercise designed to train a unit and its MSC/Es tasked to operate in a specific theater/area of operations (AOR). An MRX supports a MAGTF commander in meeting Block IV Pre-deployment Training Program (PTP) training requirements.

b. Joint Task Force (JTF) Assessment Exercise. A JTF Assessment Exercise improves the warfighting capability of a senior level staff within a Unified Combatant Command AOR. This exercise provides a venue where the JTF completes its training and final assessment. While MSTP does not provide training for JTF staffs, MSTP may support a MAGTF commander conducting JTF workup and assessment training at the request of the Joint Staff J-7.

c. Large Scale Exercises. As part of the Marine Corps’ MAGTF Training Program (MAGTFTP), MSTP supports other MAGTF exercises such as those administered by MAGTF Training Command (MAGTFTC) including the Large Scale Exercise (LSE) conducted at Twentynine Palms, California and other Marine Corps training facilities in the southwestern United States. Reference (b) governs the conduct of LSEs.

d. Other MAGTF Exercises. Additionally, MSTP may support amphibious exercises conducted by MEF/MEB commanders and staffs (i.e., BOLD ALLIGATOR, PACIFIC BLITZ, SSANG YANG, YAMA SAKURA, etc.). MSTP may support these exercises in a live, virtual, and/or constructive (L-V-C) environment.

9. Academic Support. Reference (d), MCO 1500.53B (PME), states that MSTP will support the Marine Corps University (MCU) through augmentation of the MCU curriculum to enhance student preparation for assignment to the Operating Forces. In accordance with this order, MSTP supports the School of Advanced Warfighting (SAW) with warfighting classes, Marine Corps Planning Process (MCPP) step classes, and a planning practical application (PPA) led by MSTP sponsored Highly Qualified Experts- Senior Mentors (HQE-SMs). MSTP also supports the U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS) with select warfighting classes, MCPP step classes, and an abbreviated PPA led by HQE-SMs. Reference (d) further states that MSTP will conduct the General Officer Warfighting Program (GOWP) to instruct newly selected general officers on GO-level warfighting topics led by HQE-SMs.

EXERCISE ORGANIZATION

1. Purpose. This chapter provides an overview of the MSTP Exercise Organization and the duties and responsibilities of key personnel and organizations.

2. Exercise Director. The MSTP Director normally performs duties as the Exercise Director with overall responsibility for the planning, preparation, execution, and assessment of the exercise. The Deputy Exercise Director and Highly Qualified Experts-Senior Mentors (HQEs-SMs) directly support the Exercise Director.

3. Deputy Exercise Director. The MSTP Deputy Director normally serves as the Deputy Exercise Director and functions as the Exercise Director in the Director’s absence. The Deputy Exercise Director provides oversight and direction across all exercise functions.

In the absence of the Deputy Director, the MSTP Operations Officer may fill the Deputy Exercise Director role.

4. Highly Qualified Expert-Senior Mentors (HQEs-SMs). The Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) assigns HQEs-SMs (retired two, three, or four-star general officers) to support MSTP. HQEs-SMs participate in the preparation and conduct of the exercise, serve as mentors to the MAGTF general officers and senior staff and assist in collecting After Action Review (AAR) material at the flag-level. HQEs-SMs normally align along the following command levels based on the MAGTF commander’s exercise objectives:

a. MAGTF Command Element (CE).

b. Higher and Adjacent Headquarters (H&AHQ).

c. MAGTF Major Subordinate Commands/Elements (MSC/Es).

5. Head Observer Trainer Collector (OTC). The Exercise Director will assign a senior MSTP officer as the Head OTC. The Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Branch Head normally fills this role. Ideally, the Head OTC exemplifies an experienced MSTP team member with a doctrinally sound understanding of the warfighting functions across the MAGTF and an ability to operate comfortably at the conceptual level to derive root causes from functional level observations. The Head OTC directly tasks OTC teams and oversees the development of the OTC collection plan. See Annex F (Exercise Observation, Training and Collecting) of this SOP for detailed information on Head OTC duties.

6. OTC Teams. The Head OTC task organizes MSTP and augment personnel into OTC teams to observe the Training Audience (TA); provide training in the form of battle staff best-practices, doctrinal tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) through over-the shoulder interactions coupled with on the spot observations (as appropriate); and collects information on TA performance relative to the exercise objectives and training goals. OTC teams can include a combination of MSC/MSE teams and/or functional teams. See Annex F (Exercise Observation, Training and Collecting) of this SOP for detailed information on OTC team activities and responsibilities.

7. Senior Analyst. The MSTP Senior Analyst (contractor) will produce the Facilitated After Action Review (FAAR) and the Final Exercise Report (FER) for the Exercise Director. While working closely with the Head OTC who directly tasks the OTC teams and oversees the development of the OTC collection plan, the Senior Analyst tracks the observations of each team and identifies potential FAAR and FER themes and topics.

The Senior Analyst will coordinate with the Exercise Director to determine the composition of the FAAR Production Team and develop the FAAR presentation and FER document. The Senior Analyst will assist the Director in compiling the trends observed in different training events in order to provide inputs to the Expeditionary Force Development System (EFDS) and to complete the annual United States Marine Corps (USMC) Training and Education Command (TECOM) Trend Reversal and Reinforcement Process (TRRP) report due annually to TECOM G3/5/7 by the last Friday of April. See Annex F (Exercise Observation, Training and Collecting) of this SOP for detailed information on Senior Analyst duties and responsibilities.

8. Exercise Support Officer. Exercise Support is a function of the MSTPD Operations Branch. Typically, the MSTP Operations Officer or Deputy Operations Officer serves as the Exercise Support Officer while deployed. The Exercise Support Officer oversees task-organized teams of Exercise Support personnel that provide MSTP administrative, logistics, and security assistance throughout the Exercise Life Cycle (ELC). The Exercise Support personnel will assist with normal Exercise Support functions as required. See Annex C (Exercise Support) of this SOP for detailed information on exercise support duties and responsibilities; however, Exercise Support will normally coordinate closely with the TA’s Mayoral Cell described below.

a. Mayoral Cell. Prior to FINEX the MAGTF normally establishes a mayoral cell to manage administrative requirements across all exercise participants. This organization normally supports personnel reporting/accountability and security matters for all exercise participants. The mayoral cell will also manage the MAGTF supplied information systems helpdesk(s) elements. The MAGTF G-1 or the associated headquarters group will normally staff and lead the mayoral cell. Manning will normally include a Mayoral Cell Coordinator and TA representatives responsible for coordinating the arrival, training, and accountability of TA personnel.

9. Communications and Information Systems Branch (CISB). CISB plans, establishes, coordinates, and oversees the Command and Control (C2) and Information Technology (IT) systems and networks for designated ELC events. See Annex D (Communications and Information Systems) of this SOP for detailed information on CISB organization and functions.

10. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Branch. M&S Branch plans, establishes and coordinates modeling and simulation systems and networks in support of designated ELC events. See Annex E (Modeling and Simulation) of this SOP for detailed information on M&S Branch organization and functions.

11. Exercise Control (EXCON). The term EXCON refers both to the Exercise Control Group (ECG) and to the individual serving as the exercise action officer (AO). The Exercise Director designates an exercise AO from the MSTP Exercise Design Branch (EDB) to perform EXCON duties based on the recommendation of the MSTP EDB Head. EXCON continues in this role until the completion of the Feedback phase of the ELC.