Attachment 16_CAIC Student Outline.pdf

USMC

Civil AFFAIRS

INTEGRATION COURSE

(II MIG MTT)

16-19 Feb 2021

BLANK

Civil Affairs Integration Course (CAIC)

M02YB1M

Student Outlines

Table of Contents

Civil Affairs Operations 101 Introduction to MARCIMS 102 Civil Preparation of the Battlespace 103 Civil Reconnaissance 104 Civil-Military Operations Support to Operations in the Information Environment 105 Civil-Military Operations Center and Coordination Mechanisms 106 Civil Engagement 107 Civil Affairs Targeting Considerations 108 Civil Affairs Support to Stability Assessment Framework 109 Civil Affairs Support to Projects and Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid 150

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UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

MARINE CORPS CIVIL-MILITARY OPERATIONS SCHOOL

WEAPONS TRAINING BATTALION

TRAINING COMMAND

2301 LITTLE ROAD (C478)

QUANTICO, VIRGINIA 22134-5036

STUDENT OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL AFFAIRS OPERATIONS

CIVIL AFFAIRS INTEGRATION COURSE

FEBRUARY 2021

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

a. Terminal Learning Objectives

(1) Given a mission, commander's intent, and a designated AO. Support influence foreign target audience activities to influence select foreign audiences and affect their decision-making and behaviors in order to create conditions favorable to operational objectives. (CAIE-

PLEX-2004)

(2) Given a mission, commander's intent, and a designated AO. Support the control of information capabilities, resources and activities. To provide the commander with the ability to exercise command and control, and integrate assigned

Marine, Naval and Joint Information assets and enhance the

MAGTF's ability to operate in the Information Environment.

(CAIE-PLEX-2005)

b. Enabling Learning Objective

(1) With the aid of references, identify CA core competencies, in accordance with DRAFT MCTP 3-03A. (CAIE-PLEX-

2005b)

(2) Given a scenario and with the aid of references, identify the capabilities of CA forces, within the given time limit. (CAIE-PLEX-2004a)

1. INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL AFFAIRS OPERATIONS

a. Introduction. The complexity of the future operating environment will require U.S. forces to be proficient in a wide variety of activities, tasks, missions, and operations that vary in purpose, scale, risk, and combat intensity. To be successful in this complex operating environment, the U.S. Armed Forces and their partners must not only focus on defeating enemy forces but must also address the civil dimension of the operating environment to support U.S. military efforts and gain legitimacy among the civil population.

b. Civil Affairs Operations. Civil affairs operations

(CAO) are actions planned, coordinated, and executed by civil affairs (CA) forces, assessed to enhance awareness of and manage the interaction with the civil component of the operational environment; identify and mitigate underlying causes of

101-3 instability within civil society; and/or involve the application of functional specialty skills normally the responsibility of civil government. Civil Affairs Marines focus on the civil considerations - Areas, Structures, Capabilities, Organizations, People, and Events (ASCOPE), ensuring the civil domain is accounted for within the common operating picture.

c. Civil Affairs Core Competencies and Functions. The intent of civil-military operations (CMO) and Civil Affairs

Operations (CAO) is to enhance stability, set conditions for the mitigation or defeat of threats to civil society, and to assist in establishing local government capability or enhancing its capacity for deterring or defeating future civil threats. Civil affairs core competencies and functions are executed within the scope of CAO (See Figure 1). Civil affairs forces have three core competencies that focus on the civil component. These core competencies are: Civil Affairs Activities (CAA), Military

Government Operations (MGO), and Civil Affairs Supported

Activities (CASA).

Figure 1.

2. CIVIL AFFAIRS ACTIVITIES. Civil affairs activities are specifically planned, executed and assessed by CA forces, and provide unique capabilities to the commander. They consist of the following functions:

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a. Civil Reconnaissance. Civil reconnaissance (CR) is a targeted, planned, and coordinated observation and evaluation of specific civil aspects of the environment. CR focuses specifically on the civil component, the elements of which are best represented at the tactical level by using civil areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events

(ASCOPE). CA Marines or other forces can conduct CR, as required. Examples of other units and assets that can conduct

CR are engineers, medical, military police, and unmanned aircraft systems. Civil reconnaissance is conducted by tactical

CA teams based on the established civil information collection plan to support the higher unit’s mission. CR begins prior to deployment and is continuous throughout the operation.

Potential sources of civil information that a coordinated CR plan considers include:

(a) Observations of maneuver forces supporting CA teams in the conduct of offensive operations.

(b) Debriefings to forces involved in medical civic action and veterinary civic action regarding attitudes of the local population.

(c) Debriefings to Marines involved in daily convoy operations.

(d) Ongoing ASCOPE assessments of the battlespace that identify measures of effectiveness (MOE) trends.

(e) Civil affairs interaction with indigenous populations and institutions (IPI) spheres of influence, including: Local government officials, religious leaders, and tribal or clan leaders.

b. Civil Engagement. Civil engagement (CE) is a function as well as a tactical task of CA. Civil engagement is the planned and targeted activities in which CA forces deliberately focus on the interaction with the IPI, unified action partners and other civil entities. Civil affairs forces conduct CE to positively promote and influence the relationship between military forces and the civil component. This enhances the commander’s understanding of the civil component and legitimizes the MAGTF’s mission. Civil engagement may be in person or by other means of communication. The purpose of CE, as a function, is to:

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(a) Inform or seek information and facilitate

(b) Coordinate efforts and collaborate with the civil component.

(c) De-conflict operations between the civil populace and military.

(d) Resolve conflict and mitigate the impact of military operations on IPI.

(e) Influence actions by civil entities and develop civil considerations.

c. Civil Information Management. The civil information management (CIM) process is continuous, occurs across the range of military operations and develops timely and accurate civil component information critical to the commander’s understanding and planning. The primary role of CIM is to provide civil information to the commander and staff by updating the Common

Operational Picture (COP). CIM is a critical process that helps the commander to develop the civil component of the operational environment (OE). Civil information management is a process whereby data relating to the civil component of the OE is planned and collaborated, gathered, consolidated (collated and processed), analyzed, produced into information products, and shared. The intent of CIM is to keep most of this information unclassified and easily shared with non-U.S. Government partners

(see Figure 2). The secondary role of CIM is to share civil information with interagency, Non-governmental Organizations

(NGO), International Organizations (IO) and the IPI.

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Figure 2.

d. Civil-Military Operations Center. The civil-military operations center (CMOC) serves as one of the primary coordination interfaces for U.S. forces with IPI, unified action partners and the interagency. The establishment of a CMOC is a task that all CA Marines may perform. However, it is important to note that unlike the U.S. Army, Marine CA units are not organized by Table of Organization and Equipment to provide the supported commander the manpower and equipment to form the nucleus of the CMOC. A CMOC is tailored and staffed to specific tasks associated with the MAGTF’s mission and augmented by assets (e.g. engineers, medical, transportation) available to the supported commander and unified action partners. Civil-military operations centers may require over the horizon and non-traditional communications capabilities (e.g., WhatsApp, Instagram) to most effectively conduct interagency collaborative planning and coordination, integrate non-military stakeholders to synchronize and harmonize operations, and coordinate plans and operations with the civil component of the OE.

e. Civil-Military Operations Planning. Civil-military operations planners and CA support provide a dedicated capability and are nested within the Tables of Organization of the MAGTF. The G-9 (or senior CA Marine, e.g., CA Team Leader with Infantry Battalion), as a primary staff officer, is responsible for the planning, integration and assessment of civil considerations into the Marine Corps Planning Process

(MCPP). Planning encompasses both current and future operations. The G-9 depicts the civil domain of the operational environment through Civil Preparation of the Battlespace (CPB).

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Courses of action are developed through the MCPP that support the end states and desired outcomes of the commander. The key to successful CA staff support is ensuring the civil component within the OE is factored into planning and is subsequently captured in branches and sequels based on the anticipated or realized outcomes of current operations. The G-9 is designated to provide the commander with actionable civil information that will increase the commander’s awareness and understanding of the civil component, ensure efficient use of finite resources, and harmonize the efforts of unified action partners, IPI, and interagency within the OE.

3. MILITARY GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS. According to Department of

Defense Directive (DoDD) 2000.13, CAO includes activities that establish civil security, provide support to governance, provide essential services, support economic development and infrastructure, and establish civil control for civilian populations in occupied or liberated areas until such control can be returned to civilian or non-U.S. military authority.

Military government is established when, through the course of military operations, replacement or sustainment of civil authority is required to maintain stability and governance.

When force is necessary, and a territory is occupied, the occupying force imposes military authority in accordance with the law of land warfare.

a. Transitional Military Authority. Civil administration in occupied territory encompasses the establishment of a transitional military government authority (TMA), as directed by

SecDef, to exercise executive, legislative, and judicial authority over the populace of a territory that U.S. forces have taken from an enemy by force. TMA exercises the functions of civil administration in the absence of a legitimate civil authority and until such time as a civil government can be established. CA forces support or conduct TMA by applying civilian sector expertise to conduct government functions and/or services that are normally the responsibility of civilian authorities. Within its capabilities, the occupying force must maintain an orderly government in the occupied territory and must have, as its goal, the creation of a legitimate and effective civilian government. During TMA, the following terms apply:

(1) Military Governor. A military governor is the military commander or other designated person who, in an occupied territory, exercises supreme authority over the civil

101-8 population subject to the laws and usages of war and to any directive received from the commander’s government or superior.

(2) Military Government Ordinance. A military government ordinance is an enactment on the authority of a military governor promulgating laws or rules regulating the occupied territory under such control.

(3) Governance. Governance is a requirement for obtaining a stable population-centric OE. TMA enables commanders to achieve civil control and stability and enable civil security. Department of State (DoS) has the lead on foreign policy and controls most of the resources which can be used under Title 22, 4 USC, Chapter 32 (Foreign Assistance Act).

b. Support to Civil Administration

(1) Support to civil administration (SCA) is assistance given to a governing body or civil structure of a foreign country, whether by assisting an established government, interim civilian authority or supporting a reconstructed government.

SCA occurs when military forces support DoS in the implementation of interim civil authority or U.S. foreign policy in support of HN internal defense and development. SCA are military operations that help to stabilize or continue the operations of a governing body or civil structure of a foreign country, whether by assisting an established government or by establishing military authority over an occupied population.

SCA supports the U.S. instruments of national power abroad through executing tasks affiliated with cooperative security, security cooperation (SC), and foreign internal defense (FID) as a function of stability activities.

(2) The CA responsibilities during SCA missions are designed to support the commander’s operational and support function with respect to the continuity of government in a foreign nation (FN)/host nation (HN). Generally, these include:

(a) Identifying, validating, or evaluating FN/HN essential service infrastructure.

(b) Performing liaison functions between military and civilian agencies (USAID, USDA, etc.).

(c) Coordinating and synchronizing collaborative interagency or multinational SCA operations.

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(d) Participating in the execution of selected SCA operations as needed or directed.

(e) Performing quality control assessments of SCA operations and costs.

(f) Assisting in the arbitration of problems arising from the execution of SCA operations.

(g) Coordinating and synchronizing transition of SCA operations from military to indigenous government or international transitional government control.

(h) Initiating or refining CIM process with geospatial projects that depict affected populations and civil vulnerabilities.

4. CIVIL AFFAIRS SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES. Civil affairs supported activities (CASA) are those functions in which CA plays a key planning, coordinating, or synchronizing role, but for which they are not the proponent or primary executor (normally associated with CMO). These missions are executed through a combination of capabilities provided by elements of the MAGTF or

Joint force. Civil affairs knowledge and expertise of the civil dimension of the battlespace provides commanders the necessary tools to execute military operations with minimal impact by or on the civilian populace. In the current and predicted future operating environment the MAGTF will conduct these missions that are population centric and require CA capabilities. Civil affairs supported activities include; foreign assistance (FA), foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA), populace and resources control (PRC), civil-military engagement (CME).

a. Foreign Assistance. Foreign assistance (formerly Nation

Assistance) is aid given by the United States to other countries to support global peace, security, and development efforts, and provide humanitarian relief during times of crisis. It is a strategic, economic, and moral imperative for the United States and vital to U.S. national security. The military may support

FA through a wide range of actions where the military instrument of national power supports diplomacy, informational, and economic instruments to promote U.S. national interests. These activities often include security assistance (SA), FID, and other Title 10, USC programs and activities performed on a reimbursable basis by USG departments and agencies. The Chief of Mission (COM) is the senior diplomatic representative in a

HN. The combatant commander (CCDR) may conduct CMO to support

101-10 the COM and enhance HN legitimacy. Civil-military operations may be performed as the main effort or a supporting effort. The

HN, USG, international organizations, or NGOs may see value in

MAGTF logistical capabilities: vehicles, fixed-wing, and rotary-wing aircraft to deliver humanitarian assistance (HA) or medical services. The MAGTF should provide military support discreetly to maintain the neutrality of non-military organizations. Civil-military operations missions generally benefit the HN government by ensuring local authorities receive public credit for helping the civilian populace. When the COM approves FA activities, CMO planners should integrate CMO with

COM objectives.

b. Foreign Humanitarian Assistance. Foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA) consists of DoD activities conducted outside the United States and its territories to directly relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation. FHA activities range from supporting SC and related programs to conducting limited contingency operations in support of another

USG department or agency. These activities are governed by various statutes and policies and range from steady-state engagements to limited contingency operations. FHA includes foreign disaster relief (FDR) operations and other activities that directly address humanitarian need and may also be conducted concurrently with other DoD support missions such as dislocated civilian support, security operations, and foreign consequence management (FCM). Foreign humanitarian assistance operations (including FDR operations) are normally conducted in support of USAID or DoS.

c. Populace and Resources Control. Populace and resources control (PRC) measures are designed to assist the HN government or de-facto authorities in retaining control over their population centers, thus precluding complicating problems that may hinder mission accomplishment. PRC are primarily the responsibility of the HN government or de-facto authorities, and

PRC measures are an integral part of military operations across the conflict continuum. Civil-military operations planners should identify and evaluate existing HN PRC measures to make educated recommendations to the commander. It is also important to assess the effectiveness of the PRC control measures as those measures are implemented.

(1) Populace Control. Populace control provides security for the populace, mobilizes human resources, denies enemy access to the population, and detects and reduces the

101-11 effectiveness of enemy agents. Populace control measures may include the following:

(a) Establish border security, including customs procedures to prevent trafficking of persons, to regulate immigration and emigration, and to establish control over major points of entry.

(b) Establish identification procedures, including securing documents relating to personal identification, property ownership, court records, voter registries, birth certificates, and driver’s licenses.

(c) Establish and disseminate rules relevant to movement, including curfews, movement restrictions, and travel permits.

(d) Institute policies regarding the regulation of air and overland movement.

(e) Relocate the population as necessitated by military operations.

(f) Establish transitional political authority and interim civil administration.

(2) Special Categories of PRC. There are two special categories of populace control - dislocated civilian (DC) operations and non-combatant evacuation operations (NEO).

(a) Dislocated Civilian Operations. Dislocated civilian (DC) operations are actions required to move civilians out of harm’s way or to safeguard them in the aftermath of a disaster. The disaster may be natural, such as a flood or an earthquake, or man-made, such as combat operations, social or political strife, or technological hazard. The requirement to conduct DC operations may occur across the conflict continuum.

(b) Non-combatant Evacuation Operations. A non-combatant evacuation operation (NEO) is directed by the DoS or other appropriate authority, in conjunction with the DoD, whereby non-combatants are evacuated from foreign countries when their lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster to safe havens as designated by the DoS.

(3) Resources Control. Civil affairs should consider resources control measures to facilitate the MAGTF’s mission and

101-12 the commander’s intent. Resources control regulates the movement or consumption of material resources, mobilizes materiel resources, and denies materiel to the enemy. Resources control targets specific sectors of a nation’s material wealth and economy, including natural resources, food and agriculture, immoveable property, finances, cultural, and critical infrastructure. Resources control measures may include:

(a) Mechanisms to prevent unauthorized seizures of land or property.

(b) Securing existing harvest storage facilities to prevent spoilage and looting of harvested crops.

(c) Regulating and securing access to valuable natural resources (e.g. licensing).

(d) Protection/security of strategically important institutions, e.g., government buildings and archives, museums, religious sites, courthouses, and communications facilities.

(e) Establishment of procedures to resolve property rights for land and subterranean resources.

(f) Implementation of rationing and distribution programs for key commodities such as food and fuel.

(g) Establishing border security, including customs procedures to prevent arms smuggling and stop contraband, such as drugs and natural resources.

(h) Initiating processes for addressing and resolving resource ownership and access issues.

(i) Freezing financial accounts of enemy combatants.

d. SUPPORT TO CIVIL-MILITARY ENGAGEMENT. Civil-military engagement (CME) is a formal program of record initiated by

United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) to address specific shaping operations that support global SOF contingency plans. CME is a supporting effort to USSOCOM for countering violent extremist organizations. Civil-military engagement requires continuous coordination with the GCCs and Theater

Special Operations Commands (TSOCs) to identify requirements and integrate actions into the theater campaign plan (TCP). As defined, CME facilitates efforts by the interagency, host nation authorities, international and non-governmental partners, and

101-13 the private sector; to establish, sustain, or enhance civil capabilities and capacities that mitigate or eliminate civil vulnerabilities to local and regional populations. CME is a globally synchronized and regionally coordinated program of country-specific and regional actions executed through and with indigenous and U.S. interagency partners to eliminate the underlying conditions and core motivations for local and regional population support to violent extremist organizations and their networks. Marines should be aware of this program, however, most CME support originates from U.S. Army Special

Operations Command (USASOC).

5. CIVIL AFFAIRS FORCES

a. Civil Affairs. Designated active and Reserve Component forces and units organized, trained, and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil-military operations. CA Marines are the SMEs in the planning, coordination, and execution of CMO; however, the majority of the execution is conducted by the various elements of the MAGTF, i.e. Engineers, Logisticians, etc. Keep in mind that CMO tasks in a given AO will usually far exceed the ability of available

CA assets. CA Marines will assist in the planning and execution of CMO, but most of the effort will/may be conducted by other

MAGTF Forces.

b. Active and Reserve Component

(1) On 12 February 2019, after a review of the General

Officer Force Optimization Review Group, the Commandant of the

Marine Corps approved the reorganization of the Active Component

CA force in the following manner:

(a) Each Marine Forces Command (except MARSOC) receives a CA officer (0530) or a CA officer and enlisted (0531)

(MARFOREUR/AF).

(b) Each Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) receives two 0530s and two 0531s. III MEF would receive what amounts to a small detachment (three 0530s and three 0531s).

(c) Each MEF Information Group (MIG) receives two

0530s.

(d) Each Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) retains a

0531.

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(e) The Marine Corps Information Operations Center

(MCIOC) receives a small detachment of five 0530s and seven

0531s.

(f) The supporting establishment to include the

Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) and subordinates

(MCCMOS), Marine Corps Systems Command, and CAG inspectors and instructors will receive the remaining 0530s and 0531s.

(2) Reserve CA Forces are organized into three CAGs in the following locations:

(a) 1st CAG in Camp Pendleton, California, supporting I MEF.

(b) 3D CAG in Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois, supporting III MEF.

(c) 4th CAG in Hialeah, Florida, in general support

(primarily SOUTHCOM).

(3) Structure. Civil affairs forces’ tactical structure is currently under review. In many instances, CA detachments and/or teams deploy based on specific and unique requirements of the operating forces. For example, between 2014 and 2018, MEUs routinely deployed with CA teams consisting of a mix of three or four 0530/0531s. Until such time as total force structure management publishes new Tables of Organization and Equipment, the Reserve Component CA team consists of five Marines. Active

Component CA teams are subject to force availability and specific operational requirements.

REFERENCES:

MCTP 3-03A MAGTF Civil-Military Operations May 2016

MCRP 3-03A.1 Civil Affairs Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures

July 2007

JP 3-57 Civil Military Operations July 2018

JP 3-68 Non-combatant Evacuation Operations

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Notes:

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MARINE CORPS CIVIL-MILITARY OPERATIONS SCHOOL

WEAPONS TRAINING BATTALION

TRAINING COMMAND

INTRODUCTION TO MARCIMS

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a. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE

(1) Given a mission, commander's intent, and a designated AO support Information Environment Battlespace

Awareness to provide the commander and his mission objectives with timely, accurate, and relevant civil IE Battlespace

Awareness related information. (CAIE-PLEX-2001)

(2) Given a higher headquarters order(s), commander's initial planning guidance, and an area of operations. Conduct

Civil Preparation of the Battlespace (CPB) To provide a comprehensive understanding of the civil operating environment that informs decision makers of possible civil actions that may affect MAGTF missions in accordance with MCTP 3-03A. (CACT-

PLAN-2002)

b. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES

(1) With the aid of reference, identify the steps of the

CIM cycle, in the correct order, in accordance with JP 3-57.

(CACT-PLAN-2002a)

(2) Given a scenario and with the aid of the references, identify MARCIMS capabilities, by accessing relevant IE civil information from the MARCIMS portal. (CAIE-PLEX-2001e)

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1. MARINE CIVIL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (MARCIMS)

a. MARCIMS was first developed in 2009, giving Marines a tool to capture data and share Civil Information (CI) in support of Civil Military Operations (CMO). MARCIMS is a cloud-based service capability which enables users to collect, organize, analyze, visualize, and ultimately share CI on an unclassified platform.

b. In 2015, MARCIMS was launched in its current Full

Operating Capability (FOC) and consists of two major components:

MARCIMS Mobile and MARCIMS Portal. MARCIMS Mobile is a mobile application (currently hosted on a Samsung Galaxy S9 mobile phone as well as on a Galaxy Tab 4) used for data collection in the field. The MARCIMS Portal is a semantic wiki knowledge-based portal (website) for automated information structuring and management. It is important to remember that collection is not exclusive to the mobile app and can be done on the MARCIMS

Portal as well. Within the portal, users create queries and build pages to visualize results in order to share information more effectively. See Figure 1 for visual reference:

2. MARCIMS OPERATION

a. MARCIMS allows users to create and update pages for their operations and exercises and to populate those pages with queries that allow for analyzation and visualization of data in tables, charts, graphs, maps, etc., based on form submissions. Users can then engage in discussions, further search data, and build additional pages using the semantic Query Builder.

b. Semantic MediaWiki© (a free, open-source extension to

MediaWiki – the wiki software that powers Wikipedia) is the foundation of the MARCIMS Portal. Semantic MediaWiki© contains an underlying knowledge model that captures and maintains

102-4 relationships between pages (semantic annotation), which can then be queried and/or exported.

3. DATA COLLECTION

a. Data collection uses MARCIMS forms (created based on the

Joint Civil Information Management-JCIM forms) to collect information. Traditionally, these forms were completed using paper forms. Using the mobile MARCIMS device, the forms can be filled out and uploaded to the web portal for more efficiency

(note: filling out a hardcopy form in the field is encouraged in case technology fails). Additionally, it is important to rehearse and practice conversations that include the questions from the MARCIMS forms in order to avoid interrupting the flow of conversation when collecting data. Below is a list of some of the forms available on marcims.org and training.marcims.org:

(1) Building Assessment

(2) Bridge Assessment

(3) Civilian Engagement

(4) Mass Engagement

(5) Operation/Exercise-specific forms

(6) User generated forms

b. Civil Information can be collected using forms on the mobile device or forms on the MARCIMS Portal. Information collected using the MARCIMS Mobile app uploaded/exported from the mobile device to the portal) or the MARCIMS Portal is automatically integrated into the MARCIMS database. Integration will help CA Marines with collating the data, in order for them to begin analyzing and visualizing information that will assist the commander in making a more informed decision during planning. See Figure 2 Assessment page for reference:

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4. MARCIMS MOBILE DEVICES

a. The mobile devices are currently an Android-based smart phone (Samsung Note9) and a Samsung Galaxy Tab S4. Out of the box both devices are Wi-Fi capable. If cellular service is required, units are responsible for providing a SIM and cellular subscription.

b. Each MARCIMS suite (TAMCN: A03607G) comes with two (2) phones and (1) tablet, associated chargers, pelican case, and various other items. Each device needs to be updated (similar to computers and other software) periodically. These devices are updated and coordinated through a billet holder at the local unit.

c. MARCIMS devices are pre-loaded with applications and software. These applications are installed onto the devices via updates from the Mobile Device Manager (MDM) and include the following applications pre-loaded to the mobile device:

(1) MARCIMS Application

(2) Note Pad

(3) Ruler

Figure 2.

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(4) Protractor

(5) Conversion Tool

(6) Translator

(7) Camera

(8) Other applications

c. Users cannot download any additional applications or games from any “App Stores.” If an application not currently included is identified as practical and beneficial, it can be requested for approval to be included in future software updates.

d. The mobile devices are used to assist the CA Marine with assessments and engagements. Remember, the devices are tools to aid in the performance of CMO; without proper updating they may be inoperable. When the devices are updated, additional tools may become available.

5. MARCIMS PORTAL

a. The websites marcims.org (Production Website) and training.marcims.org (Training Website) are unclassified websites used to consolidate and share information from assessments and engagements in the effort to formulate an overall situational awareness of a given area. This portal can be accessed through any computer as long as the user has a profile established. This information is kept unclassified so it can be shared with inter-organizational users authorized access to the MARCIMS portal through a sponsor.

b. Results can be visualized in the form of charts, tables, calendars, maps, timelines, etc. This gives users the ability to export data for reporting and briefing purposes. The

Training Website is a replication of the Production Website, established for the purpose of familiarization and training.

c. A semantic Wiki differs from a regular Wiki (used in

Wikipedia©), in that a semantic wiki uses knowledge models that capture and identify relationships within and between pages.

Each page in the MARCIMS Portal represents an entity (submitted assessment, person, school, organization, tribe, building location, etc.). Since the semantic Wiki organizes knowledge

102-7 into categories and properties, users can easily search and establish relationships within the data.

d. Wiki vs. Semantic Wiki. If a user wanted to ask the question “How many legs does a spider have?” in Wikipedia©, the results would show many different pages that relate to spiders

(e.g., spider, orb weaver spider, spider anatomy, spider bite, etc.). In a semantic wiki, the answer would be a number (in this case, eight). Questions in a semantic wiki are properties and the answers are values.

6. ASSESSMENTS/ENGAGEMENTS

a. Each assessment form must be downloaded via Wi-Fi prior to an operation or exercise. The download will allow CA Marines to fill out the forms that are saved to the device in an unconnected environment while conducting CMO. This download is good for 30 days without needing to reconnect to Wi-Fi (if anticipating a longer duration without Wi-Fi, contact the help desk prior to deployment). Once the form is downloaded, it can be used. A good practice to keep in mind is to download all forms prior to an operation in order to facilitate multiple engagements and assessments without needing any updates.

b. Building a product used for planning and assisting a commander in the decision-making process is the focus of these assessment and engagement forms. As CA Marines collect information through engagements and assessments, they will

Figure 3.

102-8 create a picture of the civil atmosphere and dynamics related to the commander’s planning guidance and required information.

7. SECURITY AND LIMITATIONS

a. Security is a foundational fundamental of Marine Corps policy. Marines must always be aware of practices and products that can jeopardize the mission and personnel of an operation.

In order to guard against the spillage and unauthorized dissemination of sensitive information, CA Marines will practice safeguarding all information that could impact an ongoing or future operation. Unauthorized items on the MARCIMS portal include (but not limited to) the following:

(1) FOUO or higher data

(2) SITREPS (of any kind)

(3) Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

8. ADMINISTRATIVE/HELP DESK. Each CA unit will have local unit-level administrators that can assist with function, updates, profiles, and equipment. In addition to the unit representatives, the user can request help and assistance through the web portal. There is also a help desk that can be reached via phone or email to assist with all technical and administrative issues. Contact the help desk for future

102-9 operations to assist building operations pages. See the Figure 4 for reference:

TM12512A-OR Software User’s Manual for MARCIMS Version 1.0.3.0

MARCIMS Software User’s Manual

MARCIMS Web Portal, https://marcims.org

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WEAPONS TRAINING BATTALION

TRAINING COMMAND

CIVIL PREPARATION OF THE BATTLESPACE

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a. Terminal Learning Objective

(1) Given a mission, commander’s intent, and a designated AO. Support influence foreign target audience activities to influence select foreign audience and affect their decision-making and behaviors in order to create conditions favorable to operational objectives in accordance with MCTP 3-

03A. (CAIE-PLEX-2004)

(2) Given a mission, commander’s intent, and a designated AO. Support the control of information capabilities, resources and activities. To provide the commander with the ability to exercise command and control, and integrate assigned

Marine, Naval and Joint Information assets and enhance the

MAGTF’s ability to operate in the Information Environment in accordance with MCTP 3-03A. (CAIE-PLEX-2005)

b. Enabling Learning Objectives

(1) With the aid of references, identify the CPB steps, in accordance with MCWP 3-03. (CAIE-PLEX2001b)

(2) Given a scenario and with the aid of reference, complete an ASCOPE/PMESII matrix worksheet, within the allotted time. (CACT-PLAN-2002b)

(3) Given a scenario and with the aid of references, identify the civil considerations relevant to the information environment, within a given time. (CAIE-PLEX-2001a)

(4) Given a scenario and with the aid of references, produce a stakeholder Matrix, identifying individuals and groups in the given scenario. (CACT-PLAN-2002e)

(5) Given a scenario and with the aid of references, produce a Key Influences Matrix, identifying key influences in the given scenario. (CACT-PLAN-2002f)

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1. CIVIL PREPARATION OF THE BATTLESPACE

a. Estimate of the Situation. To achieve success, commanders must be able to understand the situation, and decide, plan, and execute actions decisively against an adversary. The analytical style of decision-making is characterized by lengthy, detailed collection of information. The goal of analytical decision-making is to determine the best or "optimal" course of action. There are many ways to analyze the battlespace. The estimate of the situation (METT-T: mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, and time available) is a tool, which aids a commander in planning tactical operations.

This tool is especially helpful to a decision maker as a frame of reference, reminding them of various factors normally considered during tactical planning. In U.S. Army doctrine the estimate of the situation specifically calls out civil considerations (METT-TC), however, in USMC doctrine it does not which leaves a gap in analysis.

b. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB). Just as Marines are exposed METT-T, most Marines have a basic understanding of IPB. However, like the estimate of the situation, IPB as understood and utilized in the Marine Corps and Army, while similar, is not the same! In the Marine Corps, IPB is the systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and environment in a specific geographic area.

Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (U.S. Army) is the systematic process of analyzing the mission variables of enemy, terrain, weather, and civil considerations in an area of interest to determine their effect on operations. Marines consider the civil component of the battlespace as a part of the

“environment.” It is important for the CA Marine to understand that this nuanced view will be lost on most Marines because the language of USMC IPB emphasizes the threat not the civil component!

c. Why CPB? CPB is an analytical method used to examine the civil operating environment (COE). CPB analyzes different aspects of civil information and assesses the civil impact on all relevant actors, threats, and networks in the operating environment. The purpose of CPB is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Civil Operating Environment in order to develop a Civil Environment Model that informs decision makers of possible civil actions that may impact MAGTF missions.

d. Relationship to Intelligence Preparation of the

Battlespace

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(1) IPB is a collaborative staff effort led by the intelligence staff. IPB products developed and continuously updated facilitate situational understanding and assist commanders and staffs in identifying relevant aspects within the area of operations and area of interest that can affect mission accomplishment.

(2) The IPB process allows commanders and staffs to take a holistic approach to analyzing the operational environment. A holistic approach:

• Describes the totality of relevant aspects of the operational environment that may impact friendly, adversary, and neutral forces

• Accounts for all relevant domains that may impact friendly and adversary operations

• Allows commanders to leverage aspects of the operational environment at a time and place most advantageous for mission success with the most accurate information available

• Identifies windows of opportunity to leverage friendly capabilities against adversary forces

(3) IPB results in the creation of intelligence products that are used during the Marine Corps planning process (MCPP) to aid in developing friendly courses of action (COAs) and decision points for the commander. Additionally, the conclusions reached and the products created during IPB are critical to planning information collection/intelligence collection and targeting

(4) IPB is most effective and best aid commanders decision making when the intelligence staff integrates the expertise of the other staff sections and supporting elements, such as civil affairs and operations in the information environment personnel, into its analysis. This is especially true when operating in environments where the effects of the adversary, terrain, weather, and civil considerations are complex, multidimensional, and not easily determined.

(5) The IPB process consists of the following four steps:

• Define the operational environment

• Describe the effects on operations

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• Evaluate the adversary

• Determine adversary COAs

(6) The CPB steps roughly coincide with the four IPB steps, but they can be completed independently of the IPB steps.

However, the most important consideration is to ensure fusion of civil information into the IPB process. The intelligence staff as a practice should collaborate with the CA Marines or CMO

Planners and/or maintain a civil considerations data file that organizes all the information it has collected and analyzed based on the ASCOPE/PMESII characteristics. This data file organizes the raw data the intelligence staff uses to assess civil considerations during IPB, as well as to support targeting and civil affairs operations.

c. Civil Preparation of the Battlespace Steps. The following are the four steps of the CPB process and their associated outputs. Each step in the process is refined continually to ensure that CPB products are accurate and relevant in decision making:

(1) Define the Civil Operating Environment

(a) Collect civil considerations “ASCOPE” data.

(b) Organize / incorporate operational variables

“PMESII” data.

(2) Analyze the Civil Operating Environment

(a) Develop Stakeholder Matrix and Map

(b) Develop Operational Culture Matrix

(c) Develop (In)Stability Factors Matrices

(d) Develop Civil Environment Factors & Relevance

Matrix

(e) Develop Geospatial Graphics

(f) Determine Key Influences

(3) Develop a Civil Environment Model

(a) Produce Civil Environment Model Graphic and

Narrative

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(b) Refine Civil Environment Factors & Relevance

Matrix

(4) Determine Civil Actions

(a) Produce Civil Actions Graphic and Narrative

(b) Provide Support to COA War Game

2. STEP 1: DEFINE THE CIVIL OPERATING ENVIRONMENT. This step focuses on collecting and categorizing civil information. This is a disciplined approach to gather and organize civil information, categorize and record the results - the “what do I see?” approach to looking at information. The starting point of this effort may be existing HHQ order(s), intelligence and

“Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace” products, reliable internet sources, and/or civil reconnaissance such as an area study of the designated area of operations (AO) to be further refined using civil consideration matrices. At a minimum, information will be categorized using standard civil considerations (ASCOPE) as the baseline. The data is the basis of all further civil information collection and analysis. While step 1 of the CPB process will likely be limited by time and should occur before Marines actually arrive in theater, information collection is continuous and direct civil reconnaissance will affect CPB products.

a. Information Requirements. Evaluate existing databases and determine intelligence and information gaps relating to the civil environment. Collect materials and submit RFIs.

(1) Filtering. Analyst filter to ensure that information used for further analysis is relevant to the mission and operating environment, and to eliminate the information that is not relevant. In order to determine the relevance of the mass of information CA Marines must analyze and apply filtering criteria, sorting information for further analysis, or for discard.

(a) Filtering Criteria. Filtering criteria is the gateway for determining what information is retained or discarded. Basic filtering criteria should be set by the senior

CA Marine or CMO planner. There are a variety of considerations that can be used to determine filtering criteria:

1. Subject Matter. Information related to the civil environment, etc.

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2. Location. Information related to the MAGTF’s

Area of Operations.

3. Time. Time of Occurrence - has the information been superseded already by other reporting

/processes?

4. Redundancy. Redundancy – are multiple reports related to the same data/event? Can the information be used to confirm or deny, or does it possess additional significant data?

(b) It is good practice to not permanently discard information. Instead, put the information in an “archive” file where it can be retrieved later if there is a change in the civil environment, operational situation, etc., making the information relevant. Filtering criteria are dynamic, should be subject to review, and will likely evolve with the mission.

(2) Recording. Recording is simply taking the filtered information and putting it into written/graphical format arranged with other similar information. Part of the recording process should be a “log-in” of the incoming information, like a command or staff section COC journal, and placement of the information into a file structure of some kind. Additionally, recorded information can be displayed on a map or other graphical means to aid in the “analytic process” step.

Regardless of recording means, a good tactic, technique or procedure is to build redundancy into the system, both electronic (e.g., backup to hard drive or MARCIMS “cloud”) as well as hard copy (manual plot or periodic printout of information). The Joint Civil Information User’s Manual provides formats in Annex B that provide good templates for recording information on aspects of the civil environment. This provides a ready means for both collectors and analysts to record information in an organized and commonly used format for further analysis.

b. Organize the Information Gathered

(1) Organize information based on civil considerations:

(a) Areas - where do people live, work, play? These include political boundaries, religious boundaries, social boundaries, criminal enclaves, agricultural regions, industrial centers, education centers, and/or trade routes as examples.

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(b) Structures - why are structures important to the people? These include government structures, religious structures, medical structures, warehouses, bridges, markets / shopping structures, airports and/or seaports.

(c) Capabilities - what capabilities are resident in the AO? These include sewer, water, electricity, academic, trash, medical, security and/or other capabilities.

(d) Organizations - what are the different groups in the area? These include political factions, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, social groups, religious organizations, media groups, and/or criminal groups.

(e) People - how do people organize and interact?

These include political leaders, religious leaders, community leaders, business leaders, community professionals, education professionals, law enforcement leaders, and/or military leaders.

(f) Events - when and what events are important to the people? These include holidays, carnivals, religious celebrations, weather events (e.g., monsoon), harvest periods, and/or migratory events (e.g., Hajj).

(2) If time allows, further categorize ASCOPE information utilizing operational variables (PMESII):

(a) Political variable describes the distribution of responsibility and power at all levels of government, to include political structure (both formal and informal).

(b) Military variable includes the military capabilities of all security forces (HN, insurgents, local militia, and police).

(c) Economic variable consists of general economic categories of the AO (energy, raw materials, labor distribution, income/food distribution, goods/services, and illicit markets).

(d) Social variable describes societies within an operational environment (a population whose members are subject to the same political authority, occupy a common territory, have a common culture and share a sense of identity).

(e) Information variable involves the collection, access, use, manipulation, distribution and reliance on data, 103-9 media and knowledge systems (both civilian and military) by the local communities.

(f) Infrastructure variable includes the basic facilities, services and installations needed for a community or society to function.

c. The finished product for Step 1 is a collection and collation of civil considerations (ASCOPE) further organized using operational variables (PMESII) as seen in Figure 1 below:

Figure 1. ASCOPE/PMESII Matrix Example

3. STEP 2: ANALYZE THE CIVIL OPERATING ENVIRONMENT. The focus of effort in this step is to evaluate and analyze the information collected during Step 1. Analysis takes into consideration several factors to include operational culture, stability and instability dynamics, and includes a study of geospatial and stakeholder information. Finished products may include a civil environment factors and relevance matrix, operational culture matrix, instability and stability factors matrices, geospatial imagery overlaid with civil data, stakeholder matrix and map, and key influence matrix.

a. Evaluation. Evaluation is used to determine both the…