ID07180034_Supporting_Documents_Part_3.pdf

FINAL 2016 ANNUAL AIR EMISSION INVENTORY

FOR

FENCE-TO-FENCE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AT

BEALE AIR FORCE BASE, CA

CONTRACT NO.: W91238-14-C-0044, MOD. P00010

OPTION YEAR 3

Prepared For:

USACE Sacramento District

1325 J Street Sacramento, CA 95814

AFCEC/Travis IST 550 Hickam Ave., Bldg. 248

Travis AFB, CA 94535

Beale AFB/9 CES 6601 B St., Bldg. 2561 Beale AFB, CA 95903

Prepared By:

AuxiliALL JV 51 West 4th Avenue Denver, CO 80223

Cardno 110 Blue Ravine Road, Suite 105

Folsom, CA 95630

August 2017

BEALE AIR FORCE BASE

2016 ANNUAL AIR EMISSION INVENTORY

CRITERIA POLLUTANT, HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT AND

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOR STATIONARY AND MOBILE

SOURCES

FINAL REPORT

Prime Contract # W91238‐14‐C‐0044

Subcontract # MSA: CARD‐001, WA 001

August 21, 2017

2016 Air Emission Inventory Final Report

Beale Air Force Base

Criteria Pollutant, Hazardous Air Pollutant and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Stationary and Mobile Sources

Prepared for

Contract # W91238-14-C-0044

August 21, 2017

Prepared by Cardno

2016 Air Emission Inventory Final Report

W91238-14-C-0044 August 21, 2017 Cardno i

Executive Summary

Criteria pollutant, hazardous air pollutant (HAP) and greenhouse gas (GHG) annual air emission inventories (AEIs) for stationary and mobile sources were performed for Beale Air Force Base (AFB) for the calendar year of 2016. The criteria pollutants consist of particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), oxides of sulfur (SOX), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), lead and volatile organic compounds (VOC). GHG emissions were calculated in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e). The AEI was prepared using the Air Force’s Air Program Information Management System (APIMS) with data provided by base points of contact (POCs) and gathered during an on-site field survey conducted March 15 and 16, 2017 along with material usage information from the Enterprise Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health – Management Information System (EESOH-MIS).

The AEI was prepared in accordance with guidance, methodologies and emission factors (EF) from the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) Air Emissions Factor Guide for Air Force Stationary Sources (July 2016) and Air Emissions Guide for Air Force Mobile Sources (July 2016).

Figure 1 presents the 2016 total annual criteria and HAP emissions for Beale AFB, Army and Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES) and the Perimeter Acquisition Vehicle Entry Phased Array Warning System (PAVE PAWS [Space Command]) stationary sources in tons per year. Further details of emission results are provided in Sections 1.3.1, 1.3.3 and 1.3.4 of this report. Details of the emissions, emission calculation methodologies and information entered into APIMS are presented in Section 2 of this report with complete emission results by process located in Appendix A.

Figure 1 Stationary Source Annual Emissions. Figure 1 presents the 2016 calculated stationary source criteria and total HAP emissions in tons per year for Beale AFB, AAFES and PAVE PAWS. Lead is a criteria pollutant and also a HAP. Lead emissions are included in the ‘Total HAPs’ value.

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PM10 PM2.5 SOX NOX CO VOC Lead Total HAPs

E m is si o n s (t o n s/ yr

Pollutant

2016 Stationary Source Emissions at Beale AFB

Beale AFB

AAFES

PAVE

PAWS

W91238-14-C-0044 August 21, 2017 Cardno ii

Figure 2 presents the 2016 total annual criteria and HAP emissions for Beale AFB mobile sources in tons per year. Further details of emission results are provided in Section 1.3.2 of this report. There are no mobile sources associated to AAFES or PAVE PAWS. Details of the emissions, emission calculation methodologies and information entered into APIMS are presented in Section 3 of this report with complete emission results by process located in Appendix C.

Figure 2 Mobile Source Annual Emissions. Figure 2 presents the 2016 calculated mobile source criteria and total HAP emissions in tons per year for Beale AFB. There are no mobile sources associated to AAFES or PAVE PAWS.

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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PM10 PM2.5 SOX NOX CO VOC Lead Total HAPs

E m is si o n s (t o n s/ yr

Pollutant

2016 Mobile Source Emissions at Beale AFB

Beale AFB

AAFES

PAVE

PAWS

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Acronyms

Table 1 Acronyms

Acronym Term

9 RW 9th Reconnaissance Wing

AAFES Army and Air Force Exchange Service

ABCL Abrasive cleaning

AEI Air emission inventory

AFB Air Force Base

AFCEC Air Force Civil Engineer Center

AFI Air Force Instruction

AGE Aircraft Ground Equipment

AOPS Aircraft Operations

AP-42 EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources

API Application program interface

APIMS Air Program Information Management System

AST Aboveground storage tank

BLDG Building

Btu British thermal unit

CELL Fuel cell maintenance

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act

CHEM Miscellaneous chemical use

CO Carbon monoxide

CO2 Carbon dioxide

CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalents

COOL Cooling towers

DEGR Degreasing / solvent cleaning

ECOM External combustion

EESOH-MIS Enterprise Environmental, Safety and Occupational Health – Management Information System

EF Emission factor

EOD Explosive ordnance disposal

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EVR Enhanced vapor recovery

°F Degrees Fahrenheit

FDSP Fuel dispensing

FIBR Fiberglass operations

FIRE Fire training

FRAQMD Feather River Air Quality Management District

FLD Fuel loading racks

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Acronym Term ft Foot gal Gallon

GHG Greenhouse gas

GOV Government owned vehicle

GVWR Gross vehicle weight rating

HAP Hazardous air pollutant

HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

HDGV Heavy-duty gasoline vehicle

HDDV Heavy-duty diesel vehicle

HEV Hybrid electric vehicle

HP Horsepower hr Hour

HVAC Heating, ventilating and air conditioning

ICOM Internal combustion

JP-8 Jet-propulsion fuel grade 8

JPTS Jet propellant thermally stable

LAND Landfill

L Liter lb(s) Pound(s)

LDGV Light-duty gasoline vehicle

LDDV Light-duty diesel vehicle

LDGT Light-duty gasoline truck

LDDT Light-duty diesel truck

LFB Low flyby

LTO Landing and take off

MC Motorcycle

Min Minute mg Milligram

Mg Mega gram

MM 1,000,000

Mole Molecular weight

MUN Munitions

Mv Vapor molecular weight

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NOx Oxides of nitrogen

NRDE Non-road engine

OBOD Open burn / open detonation

ODC Ozone depleting chemical

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Acronym Term

PAVE PAWS Perimeter Acquisition Vehicle Entry Phased Array Warning System

PEST Herbicide / pesticide application

PM Particulate matter

PM10 Particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter

PM2.5 Particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter

POC Point of contact

POV Privately owned vehicle ppmv Parts per million by volume ppm Parts per million psia Pounds per square inch absolute psig Per square inch gauge

RDL Remediation scf Standard cubic foot

SOx Oxides of sulfur

SURF Surface coating

SVE Soil vapor extraction

T Temperature

TGO Touch and go

UID Unique identification

UST Underground storage tank

UOM Unit of measure

VEHE Vehicle emissions

VMT Vehicle miles traveled

VOC Volatile organic compound

VP Vapor pressure

WELD Welding/soldering

WOOD Woodworking operations yr Year

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary i

Acronyms iii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Work Approach 1

1.3 Summary of Results 6

1.3.1 Beale AFB Stationary Sources 6

1.3.2 Beale AFB Mobile Sources 10

1.3.3 AAFES Sources 10

1.3.4 PAVE PAWS Sources 10

1.4 Recommendations 11

1.5 Points of Contact 11

1.6 References 12

2 Stationary Sources - Calculation Methodologies and Assumptions 13

2.1 Abrasive Cleaning 13

2.1.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 13

2.2 Cooling Towers 13

2.2.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 13

2.3 Degreasing / Solvent Cleaning 14

2.3.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 14

2.4 External Combustion 14

2.4.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 15

2.5 Fiberglass 18

2.5.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 18

2.6 Fire Training 18

2.6.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 18

2.7 Fuel Cell Maintenance 19

2.7.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 19

2.8 Fuel Dispensing 19

2.8.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 20

2.9 Fuel Loading 20

2.9.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 20

2.10 Fuel Storage Tanks 21

2.10.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 21

2.11 Herbicide/Pesticide Application 22

2.11.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 22

2.12 Internal Combustion 23

2.12.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 23

2.13 Landfills 26

2.13.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 26

2.14 Miscellaneous Chemical Use 28

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2.14.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 28

2.15 Munitions 28

2.15.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 29

2.16 Open Burn / Open Detonation 37

2.16.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 37

2.17 Ozone Depleting Chemicals 55

2.17.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 55

2.18 Remediation 55

2.18.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 55

2.19 Surface Coating 57

2.19.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 57

2.20 Welding/Soldering/Cutting 58

2.20.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 58

3 Mobile Sources - Calculation Methodologies and Assumptions 60

3.1 Aerospace Ground Equipment 60

3.1.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 60

3.2 Aircraft Operations 62

3.2.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 62

3.3 Internal Combustion – Train Operations 66

3.3.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 66

3.4 Non-Road Engines 67

3.4.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 67

3.5 Vehicle Emissions 72

3.5.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology 72

Appendices

Appendix A 2016 Emission Results – Stationary Sources 1

Appendix B 2016 Throughput Data – Stationary Sources 2

Appendix C 2016 Emission Results – Mobile Sources 3

Appendix D 2016 Throughput Data – Mobile Sources 4

Tables

Table 1 Acronyms iii

Table 1-1 2016 Site-Validated Processes 2

Table 1-2 2016 APIMS Data Updates 4

Table 1-3 2016 Beale AFB Stationary Source Emissions by Source Category 7

Table 1-4 2016 Beale AFB Stationary Source Speciated HAP Emissions 8

Table 1-5 2016 Beale AFB Mobile Source Emissions by Source Category 10

Table 1-6 2016 AAFES Emissions by Source Category 10

Table 1-7 2016 PAVE PAWS Emissions by Source Category 11

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Table 1-8 Beale AFB POCs 11

Table 2-1 Abrasive Cleaning Emission Factors 13

Table 2-2 Cooling Tower Process Parameters 14

Table 2-3 External Combustion Emission Factors 16

Table 2-4 Fire Training Emission Factors 18

Table 2-5 Fuel Cell Maintenance Emission Factors 19

Table 2-6 Fuel Dispensing Emission Factors 20

Table 2-7 Fuel Loading Emission Factors 21

Table 2-8 Internal Combustion Emission Factors 24

Table 2-9 Landfill Emission Factors 26

Table 2-10 Landfill Process Parameters 28

Table 2-11 Munitions Emission Factors 30

Table 2-12 Munitions Emission Factors - Continued 33

Table 2-13 Open Burn / Open Detonation Emission Factors 38

Table 2-14 Open Burn / Open Detonation Emission Factors – Continued 41

Table 2-15 Open Burn / Open Detonation Emission Factors – Continued 46

Table 2-16 Open Burn / Open Detonation Emission Factors – Continued 51

Table 2-17 Remediation Process Parameters 56

Table 2-18 Remediation Pollutant Concentrations 56

Table 2-19 Welding Emission Factors 58

Table 3-1 Aerospace Ground Equipment Emission Factors 61

Table 3-2 Aircraft Operations Profiles 62

Table 3-3 Aircraft Operations Emission Factors 64

Table 3-4 Aircraft Operations Emission Factors - Continued 65

Table 3-5 Internal Combustion – Train Operations Emission Factors 66

Table 3-6 Non-Road Engines Emission Factors 68

Table 3-7 Non-Road Engines Emission Factors - Continued 69

Table 3-8 Vehicle Emissions Emission Factors 73

Figures

Figure 1 2016 Stationary Source Annual Emissions i

Figure 2 2016 Mobile Source Annual Emissions ii

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1 Introduction

1.1 Background

In accordance with Section 4.2 of Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-7040 Air Quality Compliance and Resource Management dated October 14, 2016, a 2016 calendar year AEI was prepared for Beale AFB. This report contains the 2016 stationary and mobile source AEI for Beale AFB for criteria pollutant, HAP and GHG emissions. The AEI was prepared in accordance with the AFCEC Air Emissions Factor Guide for Air Force Stationary Sources, Air Emissions Factor Guide for Air Force Mobile Sources and the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) AP-42. Emission calculations were conducted utilizing APIMS with data gathered during an on-site field survey conducted on March 15 and 16, 2017, material usage and material properties from the EESOH- MIS to APIMS interface and supplemental data provided by Beale AFB.

Beale AFB is located in northern California approximately eight miles east of Marysville and 45 miles north of the Sacramento metropolitan area. The 9th Reconnaissance Wing (9 RW) is the host unit at Beale AFB. The 9 RW collects intelligence essential for Presidential and Congressional decisions critical to the national defense. The wing is equipped with the nation's fleet of U-2 Dragon Lady and RQ-4 Global Hawk unmanned aircraft and associated support equipment.

Beale AFB has several tenant organizations including Houston Fearless, AAFES and PAVE PAWS.

Air quality emission sources at Beale AFB are permitted by Feather River Air Quality Management District (FRAQMD), California Air Resources Board, Placer County Air Pollution Control District and Butte County Air Quality Management District. The majority of permitted air quality emission sources are covered by a FRAQMD permit. Currently, FRAQMD does not request an annual AEI submission from Beale AFB. However, a copy has historically been sent to FRAQMD as a courtesy.

1.2 Work Approach

The existing Beale AFB air emission equipment/process information in APIMS along with current air quality permits were reviewed and used to: establish a baseline list of air quality equipment/processes located at Beale AFB; determine additional data needed for completion of the emission inventory (i.e., process throughput – hours of operation and quantity of fuel used); and select the data/processes to be site-validated during the on-site field survey. A data request specifying the information required to prepare the AEI was submitted to Beale AFB on February 20, 2017. The purpose of this data request was to help prepare Beale AFB for the site visit, allow for identification of subject matter experts and base POCs and gather information needed for completion of the AEI.

The process data in APIMS was reviewed to determine appropriate processes for on-site field survey.

Processes were selected in order to:

> validate air pollution control device information;

> determine if an air pollution control device is associated to the process;

> identify building/location of a process;

> determine if low NOX technology is used for a process/equipment;

> identify correct data for a process where no APIMS data or conflicting APIMS data existed; and

> determine the status (i.e., active, inactive, demolished) of a process.

During the on-site field survey, data for 92 processes (approximately 19% of the stationary sources) were validated. The processes covered 16 of the 21 stationary source categories at Beale AFB. For the processes included in the on-site field survey, most of the existing APIMS data impacting air emissions were found to be correct. Based on these results, it would appear the process data in APIMS that impacts air emissions is highly

W91238-14-C-0044 August 21, 2017 Cardno 2 of 73 reliable. Table 1-1 provides details of the processes surveyed and the data validated during the site visit.

Where appropriate, APIMS was updated to reflect the information gathered during the site visit.

Table 1-1 2016 Site-Validated Processes

Source Category 1

Building Process Name Process

UID 2

Validation Item(s)

ABCL 1071 Various 641627

641629 Site validated APIMS process information was correct.

AST 5761 VFR – DIESEL – 1183 GAL

677094

677095

677960

677961

Verified capacity of tanks. Data in APIMS is correct. Capacity listed in permit will be updated.

AST 5761

HFR - OFF SPEC FUEL -

OVERFLOW TANK - 1000 GAL

677288

Verified process UID represents the 1,000 gallon tank listed in permit P23010. Verified contents.

Updated process name in APIMS to reflect this is an overflow tank and added the permit number to the base specific field in APIMS.

CELL Flight line FUEL CELL REPAIR 641646

POC confirmed the T-38 fuel cell maintenance is no longer done at Beale AFB. Fuel cell maintenance for U-2 and RQ-4 is still done at Beale AFB.

CHEM Basewide

BASEWIDE MISCELLANEOUS

CHEMICAL USAGE

641647

Validated all materials for this source category were issued using EESOH-MIS during 2016.

COOL 5761

BLDG 5761 – WET COOLING

TOWERS AT PAVE PAWS

641635 Collected 2016 throughput data.

DEGR Various Various

641926

648554

648555

Discussed with POC: Status of units had been changed to ‘inactive’ for the 2015 AEI. The 2016 Beale AFB permit tracking file notes the units have been removed. Status to be updated in APIMS to reflect this change.

ECOM 25608 EU 57 – 1.67 MMBTU NG BOILER 640394

Discussed with POC: Process is listed in the 2016 permit P9005, but is inactive in APIMS (due to comments from 2015 AEI). Verified unit has been removed and permit will be updated later.

ICOM Various Various Various

Discussed with POC: There are 114 usage records in APIMS for 2016 for 56 ICOM processes.

Records have a start date of 1/01/2016 and an end date of 6/30/2016. Records will be ‘invalidated’ in APIMS (not used in calculations) and the annual values from the Beale AFB permit tracking file will be entered into APIMS.

ICOM 845 EU48 - ICOM - S-ILS - 33HP

701017

Discussed with POC: This is a duplicate process for EU 48 which is already tracked under APIMS process ID 640325. End-dated the process with comment “duplicate process of UID 640325”.

ICOM

PAVE

PAWS

Various --

Discussed with POC: There are four new generators on the 2016 permit P23010. POC confirmed the units were only on-site for a short term and have been moved off-base by the contractor.

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Source Category 1

Building Process Name Process

UID 2

Validation Item(s)

MUN Range Various

640831

640833

640834

640835

640836

663998

680507

680511

680512

680513

Collected 2016 throughput data.

NRDE

Golf

Course Various

641622

658420 Collected 2016 throughput data.

ODC

PAVE

PAWS

PAVE PAWS – ODC USAGE 664260 Collected 2016 throughput data.

ODC 23260 BLDG 23260 - 548 ISRG 641702

POC confirmed maintenance is done by base Civil Engineering and records are entered into APIMS.

PEST Basewide

BASEWIDE PESTICIDE

APPLICATION

640518

Validated all materials for this source category were issued using EESOH-MIS during 2016.

SURF 2488

HVLP SPRAY BOOTH - 9TH

TRANSPORTATION SQUADRON

641784

Confirmed with POC that materials are not issued in EESOH-MIS, but are tracked/reported in the Beale AFB permit tracking file.

SURF 1071

BLDG 1071 - SPRAY BOOTH -

CORROSION CONTROL

641645

Validated the paint booth uses a single stage filter system.

UST Various Various 675693

675701

Validated contents of tanks. They are for emergency spill, not permitted, remain empty and could contain rain water due to the slope at heavy rain times. Fire suppression chemicals can also be added to the tanks.

VEHE Basewide

POV OPERATIONS ON THE

FACILITY

664387 Collected 2016 throughput data.

WELD Basewide

BASEWIDE WELDING

OPERATIONS

641653

Validated all materials for this source category were issued using EESOH-MIS during 2016.

WOOD 2145

WOODWORKING - HOUSTON

FEARLESS 641959

Validated the woodshop feeds into an internally vented dust collector inside the building.

WOOD 2539

WOODWORKING - 9TH CES

VERTICAL SHOP

641958

Verified status of the process. The building was demolished in 2013 due to a fire and the WOOD process has not been replaced at this time.

Construction is underway and should be completed in 2017.

1 ABCL = abrasive cleaning, AST = aboveground storage tank, CELL = fuel cell maintenance, CHEM = miscellaneous chemical use, COOL = cooling towers, DEGR = degreasing / solvent cleaning, ECOM = external combustion, ICOM = internal combustion, MUN = munitions, NRDE = non-road engines, ODC = ozone depleting chemicals, PEST = herbicide/pesticide application, SURF = surface coating, UST = underground storage tank, VEHE = vehicle emissions, WELD = welding/soldering, WOOD = woodworking.

2 UID = unique identification

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Updates were made to process data and new processes were created in APIMS based on changes to permits, discussions with base POCs and changes to emission calculation methodologies. Table 1-2 provides details of the updates made to APIMS for the 2016 AEI.

Table 1-2 2016 APIMS Data Updates

Source Category 1

Process Name Process

UID

Data Updated in APIMS

AST Various

639847

639848

677673

677677

677684

677686

Updated process status from ‘active’ to ‘inactive’.

AST

HFR - OFF SPEC FUEL -

OVERFLOW TANK - 1000

GAL

677288

Updated process name to reflect this is an overflow tank and added the permit number to the base specific field.

CHEM Various Various

Reviewed all new EESOH-MIS material issue processes that migrated to APIMS via the EESOH-MIS interface since 12/31/2015. Reviewed the materials issued to each new process. Associated each new process to the basewide air quality CHEM process using the next higher process function in the unique process screen.

DEGR Various

641926

648554

648555

Updated process status from ‘inactive’ to ‘permanently shutdown’.

ECOM Various Various

For all permitted ECOM processes that have been assigned an emission unit in the associated permit, updated the unique process ‘local process name’ field to move the emission unit number to the beginning of the process name.

ICOM Various Various

For all permitted ICOM processes that have been assigned an emission unit in the associated permit, updated the unique process ‘local process name’ field to move the emission unit number to the beginning of the process name.

ICOM EU48 - ICOM - S-ILS - 33HP 701017

This is a duplicate process for EU 48 which is already tracked under APIMS process ID 640325. End-dated the process with comment “duplicate process of UID 640325”.

OBOD Various

704968

704969

704970

704971

New processes were created to account for new assets utilized in 2016.

PEST

Various Various

Reviewed all new EESOH-MIS material issue processes that migrated to APIMS via the EESOH-MIS interface since 12/31/2015. Reviewed the materials issued to each new process. Associated each new process to the basewide air quality PEST process using the next higher process function in the unique process screen.

VEHE Various

664314

664321

664291

664264

664247

Updated local process name with new number of vehicles for each process as provided by the POC.

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Source Category 1

Process Name Process

UID

Data Updated in APIMS

WELD Various Various

Reviewed all new EESOH-MIS material issue processes that migrated to APIMS via the EESOH-MIS interface since 12/31/2015. Reviewed the materials issued to each new process. Associated each new process to the basewide air quality WELD process using the next higher process function in the unique process screen.

1 OBOD = open burn / open detonation.

AFCEC issued new guidance in the October 2014 Air Emissions Guide for Air Force Stationary Sources in regards to source categories to be considered as ‘transitory’. From page 2 of the guide:

“Transitory sources are non-routine and/or seasonal sources (may be stationary, mobile or neither) that are short-term in nature. While historically transitory sources have been erroneously included as stationary or mobile sources in AEIs, transitory source emissions should generally only be accounted for in evaluating potential air quality impacts of proposed action under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA); National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), General Conformity, etc.”

Previously, the following source categories had been included in AEIs but were not included in the 2016 AEI due to the new AFCEC guidance to consider them as transitory sources:

> Equipment Leaks

> Fuel Spills

> Construction

> Prescribed Burning

The following source categories, although considered transitory, were included in the 2016 AEI because they have historically been included in the AB 2588 Air Toxics ‘Hot Spots’ Emission Inventory Update submissions:

> Fuel Cell Maintenance

> Remediation

The algorithms and EF sets associated with the existing processes were reviewed to validate consistency with the current AFCEC Air Emissions Guide for Air Force Stationary Sources, Air Emissions Guide for Air Force Mobile Sources and EPA’s AP-42. Existing APIMS process data were updated as necessary and consumption data and information for newly identified air emission equipment/processes were entered into APIMS using the application program interface (API) and other appropriate methods.

The following emission calculations were used in APIMS for the 2016 AEI with a start date of January 1, 2016 and an end date of December 31, 2016:

> Annual Stationary Emission Calculation – Beale AFB

> Annual EESOH-MIS Emission Calculation – Beale AFB

> Annual Mobile Emission Calculation – Beale AFB

> 2016 Tank Emission Calculation – Beale AFB

> Annual AAFES Emissions – AAFES

> Annual PAVE PAWS Emissions – PAVE PAWS (Space Command)

Additionally, the following emission inventory submittals were created, staged and published in APIMS:

> 2016 AEI Beale AFB – includes calculations:

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- Annual Stationary Emission Calculation – Beale AFB

- Annual EESOH-MIS Emission Calculation – Beale AFB

- 2016 Tank Emission Calculation – Beale AFB

> 2016 AEI AAFES – includes calculations:

- Annual AAFES Emissions – AAFES

> 2016 AEI PAVE PAWS – includes calculations:

- Annual PAVE PAWS Emissions – PAVE PAWS (Space Command)

> 2016 GHG Beale AFB – includes calculations:

- Annual Stationary Emission Calculation – Beale AFB

> 2016 GHG AAFES – includes calculations:

- Annual AAFES Emissions – AAFES

> 2016 GHG PAVE PAWS – includes calculations:

- Annual PAVE PAWS Emissions – PAVE PAWS (Space Command)

> 2016 Mobile – includes calculations:

- Annual Mobile Emission Calculation – Beale AFB

A summary of emissions by source category is provided in Section 1.3.1 and Section 1.3.2 for Beale AFB stationary and mobile sources, respectively. A summary of emissions by source category is provided in Section

1.3.3 for AAFES stationary sources and Section 1.3.4 for PAVE PAWS stationary sources. There are no mobile sources associated to AAFES or PAVE PAWS. Full details of the calculations for Beale AFB, AAFES and PAVE PAWS are provided in Section 2 and Section 3. For stationary sources, emission results by process are included in Appendix A and the 2016 throughput data is included in Appendix B. For mobile sources, emission results by process are included in Appendix C and the 2016 throughput data is included in Appendix D.

1.3 Summary of Results

Beale AFB stationary source emission results are provided in Section 1.3.1, Beale AFB mobile source emission results are provided in Section 1.3.2, AAFES emission results are provided in Section 1.3.3 and PAVE PAWS emission results are provided in Section 1.3.4.

1.3.1 Beale AFB Stationary Sources

The overall 2016 emissions from stationary sources differ from the 2015 emissions calculated in APIMS for the following source categories:

> Abrasive Blasting – 2016 throughput values are lower than 2015 throughput values, resulting in 2016 emission results lower than 2015 emission results.

> Degreasing / Solvent Cleaning – 2016 emission results and throughput values are lower than 2015 emission results and throughput values.

> Fuel Loading Racks – Fuel speciations in APIMS changed for 2016, resulting in 2016 HAP emission results higher than 2015 emission results.

> Fuel Storage – Underground Tanks – 2016 throughput values are higher than 2015 throughput values, resulting in 2016 emission results higher than 2015 emission results.

> Herbicide / Pesticide Application – 2016 throughput values are higher than 2015 throughput values, resulting in 2016 emission results higher than 2015 emission results.

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> Internal Combustion – 2016 throughput values are lower than 2015 throughput values, resulting in 2016 emission results lower than 2015 emission results.

> Munitions – 2016 throughput values are lower than 2015 throughput values, resulting in 2016 emission results lower than 2015 emission results.

> Ozone Depleting Chemicals – 2016 throughput values are lower than 2015 throughput values, resulting in 2016 emission results lower than 2015 emission results.

The 2016 emissions are summarized by source category in Table 1-3. Speciated HAP emissions are presented in Table 1-4.

Table 1-3 2016 Beale AFB Stationary Source Emissions by Source Category

Source Category

Pollutant Emissions (tons/yr)

PM10 PM2.5 SOX NOX CO VOC Lead 1 Total

HAPs 1 CO2e

Abrasive Cleaning

(ABCL)

4.99E-04 4.66E-04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Degreasing / Solvent Cleaning (DEGR)

0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0

External Combustion

(ECOM)

0.22 0.22 0.01 3.22 2.45 0.2 7.00E-06 0.03 3,682

Fiberglass Operations

(FIBR)

0 0 0 0 0 2.06-03 0 0 0

Fire Training (FIRE) 0.02 0.02 4.20E-05 0.01 0.03 0.05 0 1.47E-03 26.59

Fuel Cell Maintenance

(CELL)

0 0 0 0 0 1.31E-03 0 3.70E-05 0

Fuel Dispensing (FDSP) 0 0 0 0 0 4.51 0 0.48 0

Fuel Loading Racks

(FLD)

0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0 6.51E-03 0

Fuel Storage – Aboveground Tanks

(AST)

0 0 0 0 0 0.86 0 0.03 0

Fuel Storage – Underground Tanks

(UST) 2

0 0 0 0 0 11.14 0 0.21 0

Herbicide / Pesticide Application (PEST)

0 0 0 0 0 5.25E-04 0 0 0

Internal Combustion

(ICOM)

0.5 0.5 0.38 8.16 2.2 0.5 0 6.15E-03 350

Landfill (LAND) 0 0 0 0 0.11 6.06 0 0.65 6,394

Miscellaneous Chemical Use (CHEM)

0 0 0 0 0 1.12 0 0.16 0

Munitions (MUN) 3.33E-03 2.76E-03 0 4.87E-03 0.15 0 1.02E-03 3.13E-03 0.10

Open Burn / Open Detonation (OBOD)

9.63E-03 5.26E-03 3.29E-04 1.81E-03 0.01 3.29E-04 3.44E-04 1.90E-03 0.19

Ozone Depleting Chemicals (ODC)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 352

Remediation (RDL) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.36E-03 0

Surface Coating (SURF) 3.38E-03 3.26E-03 0 0 0 0.72 0 0.4 0

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Source Category

Pollutant Emissions (tons/yr)

PM10 PM2.5 SOX NOX CO VOC Lead 1 Total

HAPs 1 CO2e

Welding / Soldering

(WELD)

1.08E-03 0 0 0 0 0 2.00E-06 3.91E-04 0

TOTAL 0.76 0.75 0.39 11.40 4.95 25.24 1.37E-03 1.99 10,805

1 Lead is both a criteria pollutant and a HAP. Lead emissions are included in the ‘Total HAPs’ emissions.

2 Gasoline USTs are equipped with enhanced vapor recovery (EVR). However, the APIMS TANKS module does not currently include functionality to account for EVR.

Table 1-4 2016 Beale AFB Stationary Source Speciated HAP Emissions

CAS Pollutant Emissions

(lb/yr) (ton/yr)

79-34-5 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 10.83 5.42E-03

75-34-3 1,1-Dichloroethane 13.54 6.77E-03

120-82-1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.03 1.70E-05

106-99-0 1,3-Butadiene 0.19 9.40E-05

106-46-7 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 0.02 1.10E-05

123-91-1 1,4-Dioxane 0.01 5.00E-06

540-84-1 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 180 0.09

75-07-0 Acetaldehyde 2.16 1.08E-03

75-05-8 Acetonitrile 0.18 8.90E-05

107-02-8 Acrolein 0.40 2.02E-04

107-13-1 Acrylonitrile 19.54 9.77E-03

-- Antimony Compounds 0.38 1.89E-04

-- Arsenic Compounds 6.00E-03 3.00E-06

71-43-2 Benzene 310 0.16

100-44-7 Benzyl Chloride 0.02 8.00E-06

117-81-7 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) 4.00E-03 2.00E-06

-- Cadmium Compounds 0.06 2.90E-05

75-15-0 Carbon Disulfide 2.59 1.29E-03

56-23-5 Carbon Tetrachloride 0.04 1.80E-05

463-58-1 Carbonyl Sulfide 1.71 8.56E-04

108-90-7 Chlorobenzene 1.63 8.17E-04

67-66-3 Chloroform 0.63 3.17E-04

-- Chromium Compounds 0.30 1.48E-04

-- Cobalt Compounds 2.00E-03 1.00E-06

98-82-8 Cumene 20.20 0.01

-- Cyanide Compounds 4.23 2.11E-03

84-74-2 Dibutyl Phthalate 0.34 1.68E-04

75-00-3 Ethyl Chloride 4.69 2.34E-03

100-41-4 Ethylbenzene 129 0.06

106-93-4 Ethylene Dibromide 0.01 5.00E-06

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CAS Pollutant Emissions

(lb/yr) (ton/yr)

107-06-2 Ethylene Dichloride 2.36 1.18E-03

107-21-1 Ethylene Glycol 276 0.14

50-00-0 Formaldehyde 10.49 5.25E-03

-- Glycol Ethers 2.06 1.03E-03

87-68-3 Hexachlorobutadiene 0.03 1.50E-05

822-06-0 Hexamethylene-1,6-Diisocyanate 0.87 4.34E-04

110-54-3 Hexane 279 0.14

7647-01-0 Hydrochloric Acid 0.03 1.40E-05

-- Lead Compounds 2.74 1.37E-03

-- Manganese Compounds 0.65 3.26E-04

-- Mercury Compounds 0.01 6.00E-06

67-56-1 Methanol 67.25 0.03

74-83-9 Methyl Bromide 0.01 7.00E-06

74-87-3 Methyl Chloride 3.56 1.78E-03

71-55-6 Methyl Chloroform 3.72 1.86E-03

108-10-1 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 169 0.08

75-09-2 Methylene Chloride 72.43 0.04

108-38-3 m-Xylene 1.24 6.20E-04

91-20-3 Naphthalene 7.37 3.68E-03

-- Nickel Compounds 0.17 8.30E-05

95-47-6 o-Xylene 1.12 5.60E-04

108-95-2 Phenol 0.07 3.30E-05

7723-14-0 Phosphorus 2.00E-03 1.00E-06

-- Polycyclic Organic Matter 0.27 1.37E-04

123-38-6 Propionaldehyde 4.00E-03 2.00E-06

78-87-5 Propylene Dichloride 1.18 5.90E-04

106-42-3 p-Xylene 0.04 2.00E-05

100-42-5 Styrene 1.08 5.38E-04

127-18-4 Tetrachloroethylene 37.83 0.02

108-88-3 Toluene 1,465 0.73

79-01-6 Trichloroethylene 31.65 0.02

75-01-4 Vinyl chloride 26.68 0.01

75-35-4 Vinylidene chloride 1.16 5.79E-04

1330-20-7 Xylene (Mixed) 803 0.40

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1.3.2 Beale AFB Mobile Sources

The 2016 Beale AFB mobile source emissions are summarized by source category in Table 1-5.

Table 1-5 2016 Beale AFB Mobile Source Emissions by Source Category

Source Category

Pollutant Emissions (tons/yr)

PM10 PM2.5 SOX NOX CO VOC Lead 1 Total

HAPs 1 CO2e

Aerospace Ground Equipment (AGE)

1.05 1.02 0.36 4.23 6.39 1.71 0 0 359

Aircraft Operations

(AOPS)

11.10 7.08 3.85 47.99 175 18.83 0 0.08 11,818

9 SDS/MMF Train Operations (ICOM)

5.77E-03 5.77E-03 5.40E-03 0.08 0.02 6.41E-03 0 7.30E-05 3.08

Non-road Engines

(NRDE)

0.44 0.83 0.97 12.17 26.57 1.71 0 0.66 1,430

Vehicle Emissions

(VEHE)

0.82 0.37 0.06 7.06 51.75 7.11 0 0 6,141

TOTAL 13.42 9.31 5.25 71.53 260 29.37 0 0.74 19,751

1 Lead is both a criteria pollutant and a HAP.

1.3.3 AAFES Sources

There are three fuel storage tanks in the ‘AAFES’ permit P14091 and three fuel storage tanks in the ‘AAFES’ permit P14104. However, these tanks belong to Beale AFB and therefore are not included with the AAFES data.

The tanks and associated fuel dispensing and fuel loading processes were included in the Beale AFB emission results.

The 2016 AAFES emissions are summarized by source category in Table 1-6.

Table 1-6 2016 AAFES Emissions by Source Category

Source Category

Pollutant Emissions (tons/yr)

PM10 PM2.5 SOX NOX CO VOC Lead 1 Total

HAPs 1 CO2e

External Combustion

(ECOM)

1.01E-03 1.01E-03 7.90E-05 0.01 0.01 7.31E-04 0 2.50E-04 16.34

TOTAL 1.01E-03 1.01E-03 7.90E-05 0.01 0.01 7.31E-04 0 2.50E-04 16.34

1 Lead is both a criteria pollutant and a HAP.

1.3.4 PAVE PAWS Sources

There are two fuel storage tanks in the ‘PAVE PAWS’ permit P23010. However, these tanks belong to Beale AFB and therefore are not included with the PAVE PAWS data. The tanks and associated fuel dispensing and fuel loading processes were included in the Beale AFB emission results.

The 2016 PAVE PAWS emissions are summarized by source category in Table 1-7.

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Table 1-7 2016 PAVE PAWS Emissions by Source Category

Source Category

Pollutant Emissions (tons/yr)

PM10 PM2.5 SOX NOX CO VOC Lead 1 Total

HAPs 1 CO2e

COOL (Cooling Towers)

0.57 0.34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

External Combustion

(ECOM)

0.02 5.12E-03 4.42E-03 0.49 0.10 4.10E-03 1.70E-04 5.96E-03 51.27

Internal Combustion

(ICOM)

0.04 0.04 1.87E-03 1.16 0.31 0.03 0 5.73E-4 463

Ozone Depleting Chemicals (ODC)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37.52

TOTAL 0.63 0.39 6.29E-03 1.65 0.41 0.03 1.70E-04 6.53E-03 552

1 Lead is both a criteria pollutant and a HAP.

1.4 Recommendations

The following recommendations are presented for consideration for future emission inventories:

> The Civil Engineering heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) shop should continue using the Refrigerant Compliance module in APIMS to track the amount of refrigerant added and recovered for each piece of equipment.

> The Refrigerant Compliance module in APIMS should be used for other shops servicing refrigerant equipment. Use of the module will also allow for the tracking of each piece of refrigerant equipment and the equipment capacity.

> EESOH-MIS should continue to be utilized to track hazardous materials usage in all shops on base, whether contractor or government operated. Ongoing dedicated management efforts to identify and correct any potential data gaps (e.g., Houston Fearless contractor shop material tracking currently being brought into full compliance with the rest of the installation) will help provide accurate data for future AEIs as well as maintain compliance with AFI 32-7086 Hazardous Materials Management, February 4, 2015, Chapter 3.2.

> Hours of operation by usage type (black start, emergency, maintenance/testing and non-emergency) should be tracked for all ICOM processes to demonstrate compliance with New Source Performance Standards Subpart IIII, Standards of Performance for Stationary Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines.

1.5 Points of Contact

Table 1-8 presents the Beale AFB POCs who provided support for the 2016 AEI.

Table 1-8 Beale AFB POCs

POC

Organization

Email Address Phone

Number Source Category

SrA Bryant Gaylord 9 CES/CED bryant.gaylord@us.af.mil 530-634-9070 OBOD

Jay Frarck 9 ACC/MXMCF jay.frarck@us.af.mil 530-368-9095 CELL

Randy Gallegos 9 ACC/SDSVF randolph.gallegos@us.af.mil 530-634-2555 VEHE, NRDE, ODC

Christopher ‘Jimmy’ Galloway

9 CES/CEIE

christopher.galloway.2.ctr@us.af.

mil 530-634-3987

CHEM, PEST, SURF

(non-paint booths), WELD

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POC

Organization

Email Address Phone

Number Source Category

Ron Hernandez

7 SWS

PAVE PAWS

ronald.hernandez.5@us.af.mil 530-634-5213 COOL, AST, ODC

Dennis Holtz Houston Fearless dennis.holtz@beale.af.mil 530-634-3355 ODC

SSgt Jason Nunes 9 SFS/S4C jason.nunes@us.af.mil 530-634-5677 MUN

TSgt Jason Mahaney

9 ACC/CEOFP

Power Production jason.mahaney@us.af.mil 530-634-2711 AST

Donald Kirshner 9 MSG/SDSV donald.kirschner@us.af.mil 530-634-2573 ODC

Richard Knox

7 SWS

PAVE PAWS

richard.knox.ctr@us.af.mil 530-634-5216 COOL, AST, ODC

Robert Lancaster

7 SWS

PAVE PAWS

robert.lancaster.3@us.af.mil 530-634-5283 COOL, AST, ODC

SrA Troy Lawrence 9 ACC/MXMG troy.lawrence1@us.af.mil 530-634-9066 AGE

Francis Lawton 9 OSS/OSO francis.lawton.1@us.af.mil 530-634-9285 AOPS

Ron McDaniels

9 FSS

Golf Course ronald.mcdaniels@us.af.mil 530-634-2123 NRDE

Sam Mertes 9 ACC/SDSMMF suzanne.mertes.2@us.af.mil 530-634-8150 ICOM

Susan Stewart 9 CES/CEIE susan.stewart@us.af.mil 530-634-2844

ABCL, AST, CHEM,

DEGR, ECOM, FDSP,

FLD, ICOM, ODC,

PEST, SURF (paint booths), UST, VEHE, WELD, WOOD

Darren Rector 9 AFCEC/CZO darren.rector.2@us.af.mil 530-364-2606 RDL

David Romero 9CES/CEFT david.romero.1@us.af.mil 530-634-8675 FIRE

1.6 References

The following references were used in the preparation of the 2016 AEI:

> AFI 32-7040 Air Quality Compliance and Resource Management. October 14, 2016. Section 4.2.

> AFCEC. 2016. Air Emissions Factor Guide for Air Force Stationary Sources.

> AFCEC. 2016. Air Emissions Factor Guide for Air Force Mobile Sources.

> EPA. 1995. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42 Volume I: Stationary Part and Area Sources, 5th Ed., Including Supplements A through E. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

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2 Stationary Sources - Calculation Methodologies and Assumptions

This section describes the stationary source categories inventoried at Beale AFB (for Beale AFB, AAFES and PAVE PAWS) and the methods used to calculate the 2016 emissions. Example calculations are intended to demonstrate the algorithms used and the data in the examples may not be representative of actual throughputs or emissions for Beale AFB. The 2016 emission results are provided by process in Appendix A. Additionally, the throughput data utilized in the calculations are provided by process in Appendix B.

2.1 Abrasive Cleaning

Abrasive paint removal or cleaning operations are performed with bead or abrasive media blasting. Bead media blasting is accomplished by suspending abrasive media beads in a high-pressure air stream. This stream is sprayed over the painted or dirty components and equipment surfaces. Abrasive cleaning at Beale AFB occurs in three blast booths located in buildings 1071, 1079 and 2140.

The amount of blast media used was provided by the base POC.

2.1.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology

Emissions from abrasive cleaning include PM10 and PM2.5. Emissions were calculated in APIMS using the following equation:

> Emissions (tons/yr) = media usage (lb/yr) × EF (lbs/lb) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs)

Example calculation:

Aluminum oxide used = 15,000 lb/yr

EF for PM10 = 5.90E-04 lbs/lb

- PM10 emissions (tons/yr) = 15,000 (lbs/yr) × 5.90E-04 lbs/lb × (1 ton/2,000 lbs) = 4.43E-03 tons/yr

Table 2-1 Abrasive Cleaning Emission Factors

Pollutant Emission Factor

(Controlled)

(lbs/lb)

PM10 5.90E-04

PM2.5 5.50E-04

2.2 Cooling Towers

One wet cooling tower used for comfort cooling is located at building 5761 and operated by PAVE PAWS.

Days of operation, water flow rate and total dissolved solids were provided by the base POC.

2.2.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology

Emissions from cooling towers include PM10 and PM2.5. Emissions were calculated in APIMS using the following equation:

> Emissions (tons/yr) = days operated (days/yr) × water flow rate (gal/day) × (0.001 103 gal/gal) × total dissolved solids (ppm) × (0.000001 ppm/weight fraction) × total liquid drift factor (lbs/103 gal) × fractional concentration of pollutant × (1 ton/2,000 lbs)

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Example calculation:

Days operated = 365 days/yr

Water flow rate = 2,376,000 gal/day

Total dissolved solids = 615.8 ppm

Total liquid drift factor = 1.7 lbs/103 gal

Fractional concentration of PM10 = 0.70

- PM10 emissions (tons/yr) = 365 (days/yr) × 2,376,000 (gal/day) × (0.001 103 gal/gal) × 615.8 (ppm) × (0.000001 ppm/weight fraction) × 1.7 (lbs/103 gal) × 0.70 × (1 ton/2,000 lbs) = 0.32 tons/yr

Table 2-2 Cooling Tower Process Parameters

Parameter Parameter

Unit of Measure

(UOM)

Parameter Value

Days Operated days/yr 365

Water Flow Rate gal/day 2,376,000

Total Dissolved Solids ppm 1,112

Total Liquid Drift Factor lbs/103gal 1.7

Fractional Concentration – PM10 -- 0.70

Fractional Concentration – PM2.5 -- 0.42

2.3 Degreasing / Solvent Cleaning

Degreasing and solvent cleaning operations involve cleaning and degreasing small parts using various degreasing and solvent chemicals in buildings 1086, 1225, 1319 and 2140. Parts are placed in the degreasing unit, soaked, removed and allowed to dry.

Materials used for degreasing and solvent cleaning were provided by the base POCs.

2.3.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology

Emissions from degreasing operations include VOC. Emissions were calculated in APIMS using the following equation:

> VOC emissions (tons/yr) = material consumed (gal/yr) × material density (lb/gal) × VOC content (weight percent) / 100 × (1 ton/2,000 lbs)

Example calculation:

Safety Kleen Premium Solvent 6638 consumed = 97 gal/yr

Material density = 6.55 lb/gal

VOC content = 100 weight percent

- VOC emissions (tons/yr) = 97 (gal/yr) × 6.55 (lb/gal)× 100 (weight percent) / 100 × (1 ton/2,000 lbs) = 0.32 tons/yr

2.4 External Combustion

Beale AFB uses natural gas, diesel and propane-fired boilers to supply comfort heating to individual buildings throughout the base. A consolidated process in APIMS is used to account for the small unpermitted natural gas-fired units used across the base. Forty-six additional processes in APIMS account for the permitted units. This includes two AAFES units and two PAVE PAWS (Space Command) units.

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Hours of operation and fuel usage for external combustion units were provided by the base POC.

2.4.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology

Emissions from external combustion units include PM10, PM2.5, SOX, NOX, CO, VOC, lead, HAPs and GHG.

Emissions for external combustion were calculated in APIMS using the following equations:

Consolidated process for small natural gas-fired units:

> Emissions (tons/yr) = fuel consumption (MMscf/yr) × EF (lbs/MMscf) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs)

Example calculation:

Fuel consumption = 210 MMscf/yr natural gas

EF for PM10 = 7.6 lbs/MMscf

- PM10 emissions (tons/yr) = 210 (MMscf/yr) × 7.6 (lbs/MMscf) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs) = 0.80 tons/yr

All other natural gas-fired units:

> Emissions (tons/yr) = hours of operation (hrs/yr) × unit capacity (MMBtu/hr) / heat content of fuel (Btu/scf) × EF (lbs/MMscf) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs)

Example calculation:

Hours of operation = 4,000 hrs/yr

Unit capacity = 1.26 MMBtu/hr

Heat content of fuel = 1,050 Btu/scf

EF for PM10 = 7.6 lbs/MMscf

- PM10 emissions (tons/yr) = 4,000 (hr/yr) × 1.26 (MMBtu/hr) / 1,050 (Btu/scf) × 7.6 (lbs/MMscf) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs) = 0.02 tons/yr

Diesel-fired units:

> Emissions (tons/yr) = hours of operation (hrs/yr) × unit capacity (MMBtu/hr) / heat content of fuel (Btu/gal) × EF (lbs/103 gal) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs)

Example calculation:

Hours of operation = 4,000 hrs/yr

Unit capacity = 1.26 MMBtu/hr

Heat content of fuel = 137 Btu/gal

EF for PM10 = 1 lbs/103 gal

- PM10 emissions (tons/yr) = 4,000 (hr/yr) × 1.26 (MMBtu/hr) / 137 (Btu/gal) × 1 (lbs/103gal) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs) = 0.02 tons/yr

> SOX (tons/yr) = hours of operation (hrs/yr) × unit capacity (MMBtu/hr) / heat content of fuel (Btu/gal) × EF

(lbs/103 gal) × fuel sulfur content (weight percent) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs)

Example calculation:

Hours of operation = 4,000 hrs/yr

Unit capacity = 1.26 MMBtu/hr

Heat content of fuel = 137 Btu/gal

EF for SOX = 143.6 lbs/103 gal

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Fuel sulfur content = 0.0015 weight percent

- SOX emissions (tons/yr) = 4,000 (hr/yr) × 1.26 (MMBtu/hr) / 137 (Btu/gal) × 143.6 (lbs/103gal) × 0.0015 (weight percent) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs) = 3.96E-03 tons/yr

Propane-fired units:

> Emissions (tons/yr) = hours of operation (hrs/yr) × unit capacity (MMBtu/hr) / heat content of fuel (Btu/gal) × EF (lbs/103 gal) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs)

Example calculation:

Hours of operation = 4,000 hrs/yr

Unit capacity = 1.26 MMBtu/hr

Heat content of fuel = 91 Btu/gal

EF for PM10 = 0.70 lbs/103 gal

- PM10 emissions (tons/yr) = 4,000 (hr/yr) × 1.26 (MMBtu/hr) / 91 (Btu/gal) × 0.70 (lbs/103 gal) × (1 ton/2,000 lbs) = 0.02 tons/yr

Table 2-3 External Combustion Emission Factors

Pollutant

Natural Gas – Consolidated

Process (lb/MMscf)

Natural Gas – All Other

Processes (lb/MMscf)

Propane (lb/103 Gal)

Diesel (lb/103 Gal)

PM10 7.60 7.60 0.70 1.00

PM2.5 7.60 7.60 0.70 0.25

SOX 0.60 0.60 0.02 144

NOX 100 100 13.00 24.00

CO 84.00 84.00 7.50 5.00

VOC 5.50 5.50 1.00 0.20

1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE -- -- -- 3.71E-05

1,3-BUTADIENE -- -- -- 2.32E-03

3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE 1.80E-06 1.80E-06 1.65E-07 --

ACENAPHTHENE 1.80E-06 1.80E-06 1.65E-07 3.31E-05

ACENAPHTHYLENE 1.80E-06 -- 1.65E-07 1.02E-05

ACETALDEHYDE 3.10E-03 3.10E-03 2.84E-04 0.06

ACROLEIN 2.70E-03 2.70E-03 2.47E-04 0.06

ANTHRACENE 2.40E-06 2.40E-06 2.20E-07 3.75E-06

ARSENIC 2.00E-04 2.00E-04 1.83E-05 1.60E-03

BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE 1.80E-06 1.80E-06 1.65E-07 2.12E-06

BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE, 7,12-

DIMETHYL-

1.60E-05 1.60E-05 1.46E-06 --

BENZENE 5.80E-03 5.80E-03 5.31E-04 6.91E-04

BENZO[A]PYRENE 1.20E-06 1.20E-06 1.46E-07 1.19E-06

BENZO[B]FLUORANTHENE 1.80E-06 1.80E-06 1.65E-07 2.32E-07

BENZO[E]PYRENE -- -- -- 2.20E-06

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Pollutant

Natural Gas – Consolidated

Process (lb/MMscf)

Natural Gas – All Other

Processes (lb/MMscf)

Propane (lb/103 Gal)

Diesel (lb/103 Gal)

BENZO[GHI]PERYLENE 1.20E-06 1.20E-06 1.46E-07 1.33E-06

BENZO[K]FLUORANTHENE 1.80E-06 1.80E-06 -- --

BERYLLIUM 1.20E-05 1.20E-05 1.10E-06 2.78E-05

CADMIUM 1.10E-03 1.10E-03 1.01E-04 3.98E-04

CARBON DIOXIDE 120019 122847 12518 22505

CHLOROFORM -- -- -- 7.84E-03

CHROMIUM 1.40E-03 -- 1.28E-04 8.45E-04

CHROMIUM HEXAVALENT ION -- -- -- 2.48E-04

CHRYSENE 1.80E-06 -- 1.65E-07 2.01E-06

COBALT 8.40E-05 8.40E-05 7.69E-06 6.02E-03

DIBENZ[A,H]ANTHRACENE 1.20E-06 1.20E-06 1.46E-07 1.02E-06

ETHYL BENZENE 6.90E-03 -- 6.31E-04 3.14E-05

FLUORANTHENE 3.00E-06 3.00E-06 2.75E-07 5.21E-06

FLUORENE 2.80E-06 2.80E-06 2.56E-07 1.84E-05

FORMALDEHYDE 0.08 0.08 6.86E-03 0.06

INDENO[1,2,3-CD]PYRENE 1.80E-06 1.80E-06 1.65E-07 1.04E-06

LEAD 5.00E-04 5.00E-04 4.58E-05 8.30E-03

MANGANESE 3.80E-04 3.80E-04 3.48E-05 3.00E-03

MERCURY 2.60E-04 -- 2.38E-05 1.13E-04

METHANE 2.26 2.31 0.61 0.91

NAPHTHALENE 3.00E-04 6.10E-04 2.75E-05 8.32E-04

NAPHTHALENE, 2-METHYL- 2.40E-05 -- -- 1.40E-04

N-HEXANE 4.60E-03 1.80 4.21E-04 3.50E-03

NICKEL 2.10E-03 2.10E-03 1.92E-04 0.08

NITROUS OXIDE 0.23 0.23 0.12 0.18

O-DICHLOROBENZENE -- -- 1.10E-04 --

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC

HYDROCARBON 4.00E‐04 -- -- --

P-DICHLOROBENZENE 1.20E-03 -- -- --

PERYLENE -- -- -- 2.71E-05

PHENANTHRENE 1.70E-05 1.70E-05 1.56E-06 5.84E-05

PHOSPHORUS -- -- -- 9.46E-03

PYRENE 5.00E-06 5.00E-06 4.58E-07 6.41E-06

SELENIUM 2.40E-05 -- 2.20E-06 6.83E-04

TOLUENE 0.03 3.40E-03 2.42E-03 6.91E-04

XYLENE -- -- 1.80E-03 2.51E-04

W91238-14-C-0044 August 21, 2017 Cardno 18 of 73

2.5 Fiberglass

Beale AFB operates one fiberglass booth located in building 1071. The fiberglass repair operations include patching, reinforcing and coating of fiberglass items using resins, catalysts and sheets of woven strands of fiberglass. Various sealants and adhesives are also used to fasten fiberglass pieces.

The amount of and type of materials used was provided by the base POC.

2.5.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology

Emissions from fiberglass repair operations include VOC. Emissions were calculated in APIMS using the following equation:

> VOC emissions (tons/yr) = material consumed (gal/yr) × material density (lb/gal) × VOC content (weight percent) / 100 × (1 ton/2,000 lbs)

Example calculation:

Resin = 97 gal/yr

Material density = 8.55 lb/gal

VOC content = 75 weight percent

- VOC emissions (tons/yr) = 97 (gal/yr) × 8.55 (lb/gal) × 75 (weight percent) / 100 × (1 ton/2,000 lbs) = 0.31 tons/yr

2.6 Fire Training

Fire fighter training occurs at Beale AFB using propane to simulate a realistic fire scenario.

The amount of fuel used was provided by the base POC.

2.6.1 Emissions Calculation Methodology

Emissions from fire training include PM10, PM2.5, SOX, NOX, CO, VOC, HAPs and GHG.