ID07180034_Supporting_Documents_Part_16.pdf

Enter Through Wheatland Gate

5. Wastewater Treatment Plant

2. New CE Building

6. Base Housing

3. Building 539

4. Flightline

1. A Street Parking Lot

Beale AFB

0 0.5 1

Miles

Legend Road Centerline

Fence-2-Fence Site Route Overview map created by CEMML 2018

FINAL

GREASE INTERCEPTOR

MANAGEMENT PLAN

BEALE AIR FORCE BASE, CALIFORNIA

Prepared For:

HQ ACC/A7VQ

129 Andrews Street, Suite 102 Langley AFB, Virginia 23665

Prepared By:

URS Group, Inc.

1600 Perimeter Park Drive

Morrisville, North Carolina 27560

October 2008

ECAS Contract No. FA4890-04-D-0005 Task Order No. 5029

Grease Interceptor Management Plan Beale AFB, California

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... ES-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Installation Description........................................................................................1-1

1.2 Project Background..............................................................................................1-1

1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................1-3

1.4 Report Organization.............................................................................................1-4

2.0 RELEVANT REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS.................................................... 2-1

2.1 Federal Environmental Regulations.....................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Clean Water Act and the NPDES Program.............................................. 2-1

2.1.2 Solid Waste Disposal Act ........................................................................ 2-2

2.1.3 Oil Pollution Act and the SPCC Program................................................ 2-2

2.2 Department of Defense Requirements and Guidance..........................................2-2

2.2.1 Draft Final HQ ACC Fats, Oils, and Grease Management Policy

(2008)....................................................................................................... 2-3

2.2.2 Multiservice Oil/Water Separator Guidance Manual (1999)................... 2-3

2.2.3 UFC 3-240-03N (2004)............................................................................ 2-3

2.3 State and Local Requirements .............................................................................2-3

2.3.1 State Plumbing Code................................................................................ 2-3

2.3.2 Wastewater Discharge Permits ................................................................ 2-4

3.0 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 3-1

3.1 Records Review ...................................................................................................3-1

3.2 Field Survey .........................................................................................................3-1

3.3 Data Management ................................................................................................3-2

3.4 Decision Logic and Design Criteria.....................................................................3-2

4.0 GREASE INTERCEPTOR INVENTORY RESULTS .............................................. 4-1

5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Recommended Action 1 – Install GIs..................................................................5-1

5.2 Recommended Action 2 – Replace Inadequate GIs ............................................5-1

5.3 Recommended Action 3 – Install Solids Interceptors..........................................5-1

5.4 Recommended Action 4 – Eliminate Unnecessary GIs.......................................5-2

5.5 Other Recommendations......................................................................................5-3

6.0 BUDGETARY COST ESTIMATE.............................................................................. 6-1

6.1 Basis of Estimate..................................................................................................6-1

6.2 Cost Estimating Assumptions ..............................................................................6-2

6.3 Cost Estimate Summary.......................................................................................6-2

7.0 REFERENCES............................................................................................................... 7-1

October 2008 ii Final

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A BLANK GREASE INTERCEPTOR SURVEY FORM

APPENDIX B GREASE INTERCEPTOR INVENTORY RESULTS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Grease Interceptor Inventory Summary Grease Interceptor Recommendations Grease Interceptor Detailed Inventory Summary Sheets

APPENDIX C GREASE INTERCEPTOR LOCATION MAP

APPENDIX D GREASE INTERCEPTOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

APPENDIX E COST ESTIMATES

Recommended Action Cost Summary Grease Interceptor Project Unit Costs Detailed Cost Estimates

October 2008 iii Final

LIST OF TABLES

Table ES-1. Beale AFB Recommendation Summary and Estimated Cost.............................. ES-2

Table 3-1. Rationale for Grease Interceptors at ACC Facilities ................................................. 3-6 Table 3-2. Grease Interceptor Design Criteria.......................................................................... 3-11

Table 4-1. Grease Interceptor Inventory Summary .................................................................... 4-1 Table 4-2. Beale AFB Grease Interceptor Inventory .................................................................. 4-2

Table 5-1. Summary of Recommended Action 1: Install GIs .................................................... 5-1 Table 5-2. Summary of Recommended Action 2: Replace Inadequate GIs ............................... 5-2 Table 5-3. Summary of Recommended Action 3: Install Solids Interceptors ............................ 5-2 Table 5-4. Summary of Recommended Action 4: Eliminate Unnecessary GIs ......................... 5-2 Table 5-5. Summary of Other Recommendations ...................................................................... 5-3

Table 6-1. Cost Summary for Recommended Actions ............................................................... 6-3

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1. Site Location Map, Beale AFB, California.............................................................. 1-2

Figure 3-1. Grease Interceptor Recommendation Flow Chart.................................................... 3-3

October 2008 iv Final

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

A7VQ Civil Engineer Environmental Compliance ACC Air Combat Command ACCMAN Air Combat Command Manual AFB Air Force Base AFI Air Force Instruction AHJ Authority Having Jurisdiction ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers BMP Best management practice CCR California Code of Regulations CE Civil Engineering CEOI Civil Engineer Operations Infrastructure CEOUW Water Utilities Shop CFR Code of Federal Regulations CRWQCB California Regional Water Quality Control Board CWA Clean Water Act DFU Drainage fixture unit DoD Department of Defense ECAS Environmental Compliance and Analysis Services EPA Environmental Protection Agency FOG Fats, oil, and grease FOTW Federally owned treatment works FY Fiscal year GGI Gravity grease interceptor GI Grease interceptor gpm Gallons per minute GSU Geographically separate unit HGI Hydromechanical grease interceptor HQ Headquarters IAPMO International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials ICC International Code Council IPC International Plumbing Code lbs/day Pounds per day mg/L Milligrams per liter MIL-HDBK Military Handbook MSWLF Municipal solid waste landfill NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System O&M Operation and maintenance OPA Oil Pollution Act P2 Pollution prevention PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl PDI Plumbing and Drainage Institute POTW Publicly owned treatment works SIOH Supervision, inspection, and overhead

October 2008 v Final

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS (Continued)

SPCC Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure SSO Sanitary sewer overflow SWDA Solid Waste Disposal Act TPH Total petroleum hydrocarbons UFC Unified Facilities Criteria µg/L Micrograms per liter UPC Uniform Plumbing Code URS URS Group, Inc.

U.S. United States WWTP Wastewater treatment plant

October 2008 vi Final

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Grease interceptors (GIs), also called grease traps, are commonly used at U.S. Air Force installations to pretreat greasy wastewater generated in food preparation areas prior to discharge into the sanitary sewer. This Grease Interceptor Management Plan summarizes the results of the GI survey conducted in January 2008 at Beale Air Force Base (AFB) by URS Group, Inc. The goals of this project were to identify necessary improvements to the GIs and related management program at Air Combat Command (ACC) installations; to evaluate their compliance with the Clean Water Act and all related state, local and U.S. Air Force regulatory requirements; and to assist in identifying ways to reduce the cost of maintaining GIs. The recommendations and cost estimates in this report can serve as a useful planning and programming tool that the base can use to achieve and maintain compliance with their GI program.

This GI assessment provides Beale AFB with (1) an overview of applicable regulatory requirements for GI operation and maintenance; (2) a complete inventory of the GIs on the base;

(3) a listing of installation, repair, replacement, and elimination recommendations; and

(4) budgetary cost estimates for implementing the recommendations.

Twenty-one suspected food preparation facilities at Beale AFB were surveyed. A total of 11 GIs were identified and surveyed during the fieldwork of which seven were active and four were inactive. Two new units are recommended at facilities that discharge greasy wastewater, but currently have no pretreatment. Four of the existing GIs are in need of replacement with a larger unit. Four units should be eliminated because greasy wastewater from food preparation activities is no longer generated at the facilities. Recommendations to improve the operation of inadequate GIs are included in this plan, as well. The range of magnitude cost to implement recommendations is approximately $680,000. Funding and implementation of all recommendations will likely be conducted in phases; therefore, the recommendations have been divided into four smaller recommended actions. A summary of recommended actions and estimated costs is presented in Table ES-1.

October 2008 ES-1 Final

Table ES-1. Beale AFB Recommendation Summary and Estimated Cost

Recommended Action Number of Facilities

Addressed1

Total Estimated

Cost2, 3

Recommended Action 1: Install GI units at facilities or point sources that do not currently pretreat their greasy discharges.

2 $ 24,902

Recommended Action 2: Replace GI units that are determined to be inadequate to pretreat the wastewater flows they receive.

4 $ 510,207

Recommended Action 3: Install solids interceptors downstream of food grinders.

4 $ 54,401

Recommended Action 4: Eliminate GI units that are no longer necessary.

4 $ 87,814

Other Recommendations: Implement miscellaneous recommendations pertaining to inspection, cleaning, or best management practices.

8 Not Costed

Total: 22 $ 677,324 1 Some facilities are included in multiple recommended actions.

2 Costs do not include fee for engineering design and consulting services.

3 Costs assume that construction will take place in Fiscal Year 2009. If construction takes place further out, escalation will need to be increased.

October 2008 ES-2 Final

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Grease Interceptor Management Plan has been prepared by URS Group, Inc (URS) in response to ECAS Contract No. FA4890-04-D-005, Task Order No. 5029, at the request of Headquarters (HQ) Air Combat Command (ACC). This Management Plan incorporates information gathered during the grease interceptor (GI) survey conducted at Beale Air Force Base (AFB) from 22 – 31 January 2008 by URS personnel. The plan provides an inventory of existing GIs on base and recommendations and cost estimates for installation, elimination, or upgrading and proper operation and maintenance (O&M) of GIs. The scope of work for this project includes an evaluation of GIs, oil/water separators, and septic systems; however, this report incorporates only GI information gathered during the survey. An Oil/Water Separator Management Plan and a Septic System Management Plan are provided under a separate cover.

1.1 Installation Description

Beale AFB is the home of the 9th Reconnaissance Wing, the 940th Air Refueling Wing, and the 7th Space Warning Squadron. Aircraft currently flown out of Beale AFB include the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft, the RQ-4 Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle, the T-38 jet trainer, and the KC-135 Stratotanker. Beale AFB is located in northern California about 10 miles east of the towns of Marysville and Yuba City and about 40 miles north of Sacramento, the state capital.

The base spans 23,000 acres of rolling hills in northern California. Figure 1-1 presents a location map for Beale AFB.

The total population of the base is approximately 7,470, comprised of 4,290 military personnel, an estimated 1,270 civilians that commute to the base daily, and approximately 1,910 active duty dependents that live on base. All of the domestic and industrial wastewater at the base is treated at the Beale AFB Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Wastewater treated by the plant is either used for irrigation at the golf course or land applied.

1.2 Project Background

Grease interceptors are commonly used at U.S. Air Force installations to pretreat greasy wastewater generated in food preparation areas prior to discharge into the sanitary sewer. Food preparation, ware washing, and kitchen cleaning activities can contribute significant quantities of fats, oil, and grease (FOG) and food solids to the wastewater discharged from these facilities.

Properly designed, installed, and operated GIs provide retention of FOG and solids from food service establishments, reducing their presence in the wastewater leaving the facility. If GIs are not present, are insufficiently sized, or are not properly installed and maintained, large amounts

October 2008 1-1 Final

Figure 1-1. Site Location Map, Beale AFB, California

October 2008 1-2 Final of FOG can be released into the sanitary sewer system. This may lead to FOG accumulation in the sanitary sewer and subsequent sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), interference with WWTP operations, and/or violations of local oil and grease discharge limits.

1.3 Objectives

The following objectives were established for this project:

• Inventory GIs located on main operating bases; facilities located at geographically separate units (GSUs) are not included in this project

• Survey each facility which may be generating and discharging FOG into the sanitary sewer or septic systems

• Characterize greasy wastewater-generating activities and types and volumes of wastes that contribute to each unit or discharge directly into the sanitary sewer or septic system

• Determine the discharge location (i.e., sanitary sewer or septic system) of each pretreatment unit

• Evaluate the structural and operational condition of each pretreatment unit, and determine whether the design is adequate for the type and volume of wastewater being discharged to each

• Evaluate the existing pretreatment unit O&M practices and related pollution prevention (P2) best management practices (BMPs), and determine if these are adequate to ensure fully compliant and effective operation

• Identify units that require repairs, should be replaced, or are no longer needed and should be eliminated

• Develop 10% conceptual designs and range of magnitude cost estimates for all structural recommendations

• Develop a database that can be used as an operation, maintenance, and management tool for GIs

October 2008 1-3 Final

1.4 Report Organization

The remainder of this report is organized as follows:

• Section 2: A summary of the regulatory requirements for GIs at Beale AFB

• Section 3: A description of the methodology used in completing the survey, including preliminary records review, field survey, data management, decision logic, and design criteria

• Section 4: The results of the GI survey and inventory

• Section 5: Recommendations for GI elimination, repair, or replacement

• Section 6: The budgetary cost estimate for implementing the recommendations

• Section 7: References used in developing this report

These sections are supported by the following appendices:

• Appendix A provides a blank GI survey form.

• Appendix B includes the GI inventory results and recommendations, including detailed inventory sheets and facility sketches.

• Appendix C provides a map of the wastewater collection system, indicating GI locations.

• Appendix D contains a GI O&M Manual for Beale AFB.

• Appendix E provides supporting information for the recommended action cost estimates.

October 2008 1-4 Final

2.0 RELEVANT REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

Regulations and guidance applicable to GI compliance at Beale AFB fall under three main categories: federal environmental regulations, Department of Defense (DoD) requirements and guidance, and state and local requirements. Each relevant regulation and guidance document has been reviewed and summarized below. This information was used to guide the recommendation process for each GI surveyed at Beale AFB.

2.1 Federal Environmental Regulations

There are no federal regulations that directly require the installation or maintenance of GIs;

however, improper grease management can lead to violations of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and its applicable regulatory program, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. The Solid Waste Disposal Act (SWDA) regulates the disposal of solids from GIs. Aboveground grease drums or bins are subject to the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) and its applicable regulatory program, the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) program. These programs are briefly discussed in this section.

2.1.1 Clean Water Act and the NPDES Program

Under the CWA, the NPDES permit program regulates the quality of point-source wastewater discharges and stormwater associated with industrial activities into the waters of the United States. Some of these activities include storm drainage and sanitary sewer systems on DoD installations, federally owned treatment works (FOTW), or publicly owned treatment works (POTW). Various stormwater and wastewater management programs are required by facilities that are permitted under the NPDES program to prevent or minimize the discharge of pollutants.

Facilities that do not hold NPDES permits but indirectly discharge stormwater or wastewater to NPDES permitted facilities may also be impacted by these requirements, including food preparation facilities that discharge to GIs. Facilities that discharge to GIs are included, because in the typical sewer environment, FOG can solidify and accumulate in sanitary sewer pipes and lift stations, potentially leading to blockages and SSOs. SSOs that reach waters of the U.S. are reportable events and constitute violations of Section 301 of the CWA and provisions of the NPDES program. In order to discharge to a local sanitary sewer system, generators must demonstrate compliance with pretreatment standards as mandated by the WWTP operator. The WWTP is ultimately responsible for the quality of their NPDES-permitted discharge and may place restrictions on the indirect dischargers within their system to ensure compliance. Thus, the CWA requires POTWs to develop local limits for discharges of non-domestic wastewater to the collection system. Although FOTWs are not required by the CWA to develop local limits, October 2008 2-1 Final facilities that indirectly discharge to FOTWs do have a responsibility to ensure that their discharge does not cause the FOTW to exceed its NPDES permit limits.

Regulations related to indirect discharges are codified within Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 403, General Pretreatment Regulations. Discharges to a sanitary sewer system from GIs may require monitoring for oils and greases, total organic compounds, total suspended solids, and other parameters in order to ensure compliance with established limits.

Industrial and commercial dischargers of high strength wastewater could cause the WWTP to exceed their discharge standards.

2.1.2 Solid Waste Disposal Act

The SWDA regulates the disposal of solids from GIs. Title 40 CFR 258.20, Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, specifies restrictions on the types of material that can be placed in landfills, including regulated hazardous waste, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) waste, and “free liquids.”

When GIs are pumped and cleaned, the contents contain a large portion of “free liquids” mixed with the solids. Title 40 CFR 258.28, Liquids Restrictions, establishes guidance for placing liquids in landfills. Most municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLFs) cannot accept liquid wastes as defined by SW-846 Method 9005 (Paint Filter Liquids Test) unless the MSWLF has designated drying areas to remove the excess water.

2.1.3 Oil Pollution Act and the SPCC Program

Parties responsible for a facility from which oil is discharged or that poses a substantial threat of an oil discharge to surface waters are held liable by the OPA for damages to the environment and any required corrective action. The regulation promulgated under the OPA pertinent to GIs is 40 CFR 112, Oil Pollution Prevention and Response, which establishes requirements for the preparation and implementation of SPCC plans. The aboveground grease drums, bins, or tanks used to store grease and oil for recycling are subject to SPCC regulations if their capacity is 55 gallons or greater.

2.2 Department of Defense Requirements and Guidance

Various DoD memoranda, instructions, and manuals establish military policy and provide guidance for GI management. The following sections summarize relevant DoD requirements and guidance documents.

October 2008 2-2 Final

2.2.1 Draft Final HQ ACC Fats, Oils, and Grease Management Policy (2008)

Under a previous task order, URS assisted HQ ACC with the development of a Draft Final FOG Management Policy. The purpose of this policy is to provide comprehensive instructions for the management, application, installation, elimination, and O&M of GIs. In addition, the policy will ensure that ACC installations use uniform reasoning to determine whether or not a facility requires a GI. Attached to the policy is a supplement which provides guidelines to assist installations with policy implementation.

2.2.2 Multiservice Oil/Water Separator Guidance Manual (1999)

The Multiservice Oil/Water Separator Guidance Manual (U.S. Air Force, 1999) provides guidance for all military facilities to properly assess and manage their OWS and GI systems.

Chapter 13 of this manual provides the most comprehensive DoD guidance on GIs. Detailed information on all aspects of GI assessment, management, selection, and elimination are contained in this resource.

2.2.3 UFC 3-240-03N (2004)

Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-240-03N, Wastewater Treatment Systems Augmenting Handbook Operation and Maintenance, incorporates a revised version of Military Handbook (MIL-HDBK) 1138 and supersedes the previous version published in 1997. This document provides guidance for the proper location and O&M of GIs.

2.3 State and Local Requirements

In addition to federal and DoD requirements and guidance, all facilities are required to comply with any applicable state or local regulations. State regulations applicable to Beale AFB are located in Title 24, Part 5 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), 2007 California Plumbing Code, which contains requirements for GI design and sizing. In addition, the base must comply with wastewater discharge permits which authorize the base to land apply or discharge treated wastewater from their WWTP.

2.3.1 State Plumbing Code

The 2007 edition of the California Plumbing Code (Title 24, Part 5 of the CCR) incorporates by reference the 2006 Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC). Chapter 10 of the UPC provides requirements for sizing and installing GIs. Grease interceptors are required for all fixtures and/or facilities where grease may be introduced in quantities that can effect line stoppage or hinder sewage treatment. The UPC prohibits the discharge of food grinders and dishwashers to GIs, October 2008 2-3 Final unless specifically required or permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The AHJ for Beale AFB is the base itself since their wastewater discharges to their own treatment plant.

2.3.2 Wastewater Discharge Permits

The effluent from the Beale WWTP can be discharged to Hutchinson Creek, the golf course pond for irrigation of the golf course, or Pond #4 for additional land based discharge on irrigation fields. The base has not discharged to the creek since February 2002 due to stringent discharge limitations.

The discharge to Hutchinson Creek and the golf course irrigation are authorized under NPDES permit number CA0110299 which was issued by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) in April 2004. For discharges to Hutchinson Creek, the permit has established an oil and grease monthly average effluent limitation of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) or 417.3 pounds per day (lbs/day), and a daily maximum of 15 mg/L or 625.9 lbs/day.

There is no oil and grease limit for discharges to the golf course.

The non-golf course land application discharge is permitted under Waste Discharge Requirement Order No. 5-01-087, which was issued by CRWQCB. The permit has established a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) daily maximum effluent limitation of 100 micrograms per liter (µg/L) and a 30-day average of less than 50 µg/L.

October 2008 2-4 Final

3.0 METHODOLOGY

A primary objective of this study was to inventory all GIs at Beale AFB. This inventory was a prerequisite to making the appropriate recommendations for each unit based on applicable regulations and appropriate DoD guidance. Inventory data was collected to determine which GIs were being utilized in a manner compliant with applicable regulations and, ultimately, which units should remain in service or be eliminated, repaired, or replaced. The following sections describe the preliminary records review, field survey, data management, decision logic, and design criteria used in the unit inventory and evaluation process.

3.1 Records Review

Prior to mobilizing for fieldwork, URS gathered preliminary data to develop a target list of known or suspected GIs that would be inspected. Information gathered during this task included historical GI lists, reports, and maps of the base sanitary sewer system. The Beale AFB real property list was also reviewed to identify food service establishments that could require the use of GIs. This information was used to develop a preliminary list of suspected and previously identified units to be inspected.

3.2 Field Survey

URS surveyed 21 suspected food preparation facilities at Beale AFB from 22 – 31 January 2008.

These facilities were selected based on the list created during the records review phase. Field work was conducted by two teams of two individuals each. The team used customized field survey forms for documentation of relevant data during the survey process. A blank copy of the GI field survey form used in this effort is provided in Appendix A.

When inspecting facilities for GIs, the team would enter the food service facility and/or office to identify a point of contact and to gather information about food preparation activities, cleaning methods, chemical usage, and existing P2 methods. The team then surveyed the surrounding area to confirm the presence or removal of known or suspected GIs and to identify any additional GIs or grease bins. All GIs were photographed both internally and externally, where possible.

Measurements and configurations of the units were determined through the use of tools and visual observations from the ground surface. No confined space entry took place.

Physical inspection of the facilities and GIs included a verification of flow, wastewater generating activities, and chemical usage. The inspection also involved visually characterizing the contents and apparent performance of the unit, evaluating the condition and O&M status, and

October 2008 3-1 Final photographing the unit and the surrounding area. In each case, an attempt was made to identify the source of flow to all influent pipes and the destination of flow through all effluent pipes.

When possible, the following physical dimensions were collected and recorded for each GI:

• Component interior dimensions, including length, width, and height

• Depth to the invert of all influent and effluent pipes

• Locations and dimensions of baffles and skimmers

• Depth to grease, water, and sludge layers

Detailed physical inspections and dimension-gathering was not part of the scope of this study;

however, some dimensions were obtained for many of the units when possible. In order to gather detailed information, the contents of the units would need to be removed and in some cases a confined space entry would have to be performed.

3.3 Data Management

URS developed an Oil/Water Separator, Grease Interceptor, and Septic System O&M database as a tool to assist each base with proper management of these systems. The database was created in Microsoft Access™ 2003. The results of the field surveys were entered into the database and the data was evaluated for completeness and accuracy. Cleaning schedules, volumes, locations, shop chemical usage and industrial activities summaries, photographs, maintenance summaries, and additional data is included in the database. No custom queries or reports were programmed for individual bases. The populated database is provided electronically and enclosed with this report.

3.4 Decision Logic and Design Criteria

Inventory results were evaluated to assist in making recommendations regarding the ultimate disposition of each GI system. To ensure the uniformity of this evaluation process, URS developed a decision logic that incorporates the applicable DoD guidance policies and regulatory requirements applicable to Beale AFB, as well as commonly accepted technical principles.

The flow chart of the GI recommendation decision logic is presented as Figure 3-1. Each GI was evaluated using this decision logic. The actions described below represent the response alternatives derived from this analysis process.

October 2008 3-2 Final

Figure 3-1. Grease Interceptor Recommendation Flow Chart

October 2008 3-3 Final

• Repair Unit – Recommended for GIs that were identified as necessary for base operations but are not operating properly or could otherwise be improved by repairs.

A unit that is repaired must also be re-inspected after repair to ensure that the unit is operating properly.

• Eliminate Unit – Recommended when a GI was determined to be inactive or not required for the current facility activities. Elimination can be removal of the GI or abandonment in place. Removal activity involves cleaning and removal of the GI, removal or permanent plugging of influent and effluent lines, backfilling the excavation with clean fill material, and restoration of any surface cover.

Abandonment activities include cleaning the GI and either installing a straight pipe from the influent line to the effluent line, if source(s) of flow will continue, or permanently plugging the influent and effluent lines.

Remove and Replace Unit – Recommended for required GIs that are not functioning properly and cannot be repaired or are undersized for the anticipated flow. This recommendation involves the cleaning and removal of an old GI and the installation of a new GI.

• Install New Unit – Recommended when a facility does not have an existing GI or needs additional pretreatment capacity.

To determine if pretreatment was required, each food service establishment surveyed on base was evaluated to identify sources of FOG-laden wastewater and potential methods to reduce or limit FOG discharge during food preparation and cleaning activities. Table 3-1 presents a list of typical food service establishments at ACC installations and the recommended pretreatment for each.

The GIs determined to be necessary for pretreatment were evaluated using a set of design criteria to determine if they were adequately treating the influent stream. These criteria were developed using guidance provided in the Multiservice Oil/Water Separator Guidance Manual (U.S. Air Force, 1999) and other applicable industry references and plumbing codes. A summary of the design criteria used to evaluate existing and recommended GIs is presented in Table 3-2. In addition to the general design criteria presented in Table 3-2, specific requirements for Beale AFB, as determined by local and state regulations, were also considered.

Existing GIs were determined to be adequate if the design flow rate was greater than the estimated peak influent flow rate that the unit actually receives. The peak influent flow rate is determined by the sum of the flow rates from FOG-laden wastewater generating fixtures (e.g., pot wash sinks, floor drains, food grinders) that could discharge concurrently to the GI unit. The

October 2008 3-4 Final

October 2008 3-5 Final flow rates were determined by using the drainage fixture unit (DFU) values for each fixture from Table 7-3 in the UPC (IAPMO, 2003 and 2006). The DFU values were then correlated to a flow rate range, based on Table 7-4 in the UPC (IAPMO, 2003 and 2006). The design flow rate for pre-manufactured GIs is usually listed in manufacturer literature for the particular GI model and size. If this information was not available, or if the GI was cast-in-place, the design flow rate was calculated using the main separation chamber volume and a minimum detention time of 30 minutes. If the peak influent flow rate was greater than the maximum treatable flow rate, the GI was determined to be inadequately sized and was recommended to be removed and replaced with an appropriately sized and designed GI unit.

GIs recommended to be installed at facilities without sufficient pretreatment are specified to treat the applicable peak influent flow rate and meet the remaining design criteria listed in Table 3-2.

Depending on site specific conditions, outdoor, underground gravity grease interceptors (GGIs) or “point-source” hydromechanical grease interceptor (HGI) units are recommended. All new GI units are recommended to be approved or certified by one of the following agencies:

Plumbing and Drainage Institute (PDI), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), or International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO).

Table 3-1. Rationale for Grease Interceptors at ACC Facilities

Fixture Type Existing

Pretreatment

Minimum Recommended Components Recommended Action Rationale

Full Service, Commercial Kitchen – Dining Hall, Child Development Center, Fire Station Connected to existing GI

Disconnect and reroute discharge directly to sanitary sewer.

Dishwasher

Not connected to existing GI

None

None

Dishwashers should not discharge to GI units because the high concentration of emulsifying detergents can interfere with GI operation. Most plumbing codes and local ordinances prohibit the connection of dishwashers to GI units.

Floor Drains Connected to existing GI

None Freezer room

Not connected to existing GI

None

None

Floor drains in walk-in freezer rooms do not need to discharge to a GI. These drains should not receive greasy wastewater discharges.

Connected to existing GI

None Ice machine

Not connected to existing GI

None

None

Floor drains that receive only ice machine condensate do not need to discharge to a GI. These drains should not receive greasy wastewater discharges; however, if they receive mop water, treat as a Kitchen Floor Drain (see below).

Connected to existing GI

None Kitchen (main cooking area)

Not connected to existing GI

Outdoor, underground GI

If feasible, connect to outdoor, underground GI.

If connection to outdoor, underground GI is not feasible, discontinue discharging to these drains and implement kitchen BMPs to reduce greasy discharge.

Floor drains in the main food preparation area should discharge to an outdoor, underground GI that is sized and installed according to applicable regulations and codes. These drains are likely to receive greasy wastewater discharges from cleaning and food preparation activities.

October 2008 3-6 Final

Table 3-1. Rationale for Grease Interceptors at ACC Facilities (Continued)

Minimum Existing Recommended

Pretreatment Components Recommended Action Rationale Floor Drains (Continued)

Connected to existing GI

None Tilt grill / kettle

Not connected to existing GI

Outdoor, underground GI

If feasible, connect to outdoor, underground GI.

If connection to outdoor, underground GI is not feasible, discontinue discharging to these drains and implement kitchen BMPs to reduce greasy discharge.

Floor drains installed directly in front of tilt grills and/or tilt kettles should discharge to an outdoor GI that is sized and installed according to applicable regulations and codes. These drains are likely to receive greasy wastewater discharges from cleaning activities. It is recommended that these drains not receive used oil/grease or food waste. Used oil/grease should be collected in containers for recycling or disposal. Food waste should be disposed of in the garbage or collected for composting.

Connected to existing GI

None Utility / mop room

Not connected to existing GI

Outdoor, underground GI

If feasible, connect to outdoor, underground GI.

If connection to outdoor, underground GI is not feasible, discontinue discharging to these drains and implement kitchen BMPs to reduce greasy discharge.

Floor drains in the utility / mop room should discharge to an outdoor, underground GI that is sized and installed according to applicable regulations and codes. These drains are likely to receive greasy wastewater discharges from cleaning activities and are sometimes required to be connected to a GI by local ordinances / codes.

October 2008 3-7 Final

Minimum Existing Recommended

Pretreatment Components Recommended Action Rationale Floor Drains (Continued)

Connected to existing GI;

Connection allowed by AHJ

Solids interceptor followed by:

• Outdoor, underground GI (preferred), or

• Point-source

GI

Install a solids interceptor between the food grinder and the GI to reduce solids loading.

Connected to existing GI;

Connection prohibited by

AHJ

None If feasible, disconnect and reroute discharge to sanitary sewer.

If rerouting is not feasible, keep current plumbing configuration, remove food grinder, and install solids strainer on the sink.

Not connected to existing GI;

Connection allowed by AHJ

Solids interceptor followed by:

• Outdoor, underground GI (preferred), or

• Point-source

GI

If feasible, connect to outdoor

GI.

If connection to outdoor GI is not feasible, connect to a point-source GI that is approved to treat food grinder waste.

Install a solids interceptor between the food grinder and the GI to reduce solids loading.

Food grinder

Not connected to existing GI;

Connection prohibited by

AHJ

None None

Discharges from food grinders have a high grease and food solids content and should be connected to a GI. An outdoor GI preceded by a solids interceptor is preferred for this application; however, if plumbing configurations make connection to an outdoor GI infeasible, a point-source GI approved by the manufacturer for food grinder discharges can also be used.

Solids interceptors should be installed downstream of the food grinder to remove solids from the waste stream prior to discharge to a GI. The high solids loading decreases GI capacity, reducing the detention time and effectiveness of the unit.

October 2008 3-8 Final

Minimum Existing Recommended

Pretreatment Components Recommended Action Rationale Sinks

Connected to existing GI

None Hand washing

Not connected to existing GI

None

None

Hand washing sinks do not need to discharge to a GI. These drains should not receive greasy wastewater discharges.

Connected to existing GI

None Pot wash

Not connected to existing GI

Outdoor, underground GI (preferred) or point-source GI

If feasible, connect to outdoor, underground GI.

If connection to outdoor, underground GI is not feasible, connect to a point-source GI.

Pot wash sinks should discharge to a GI that is sized and installed according to applicable regulations and codes. Often these sinks have multiple basins; those used for pre-rinse and washing are most likely to discharge heavily FOG-laden wastewater. Basins used for final rinse / sanitizing purposes usually discharge wastewater at prohibitively high temperatures and should not discharge to a GI.

Connected to existing GI

None Produce / salad prep

Not connected to existing GI

None

None

Produce / salad prep sinks do not need to discharge to a GI.

These drains should not receive greasy wastewater discharges.

Connected to existing GI

Disconnect and reroute discharge directly to sanitary sewer.

Sanitize / final rinse only

Not connected to existing GI

None

None

Sinks used only for sanitizing / final rinse do not need to discharge to a GI. These drains should not receive greasy wastewater discharges. Basins used for final rinse / sanitizing purposes usually discharge wastewater at prohibitively high temperatures and should not discharge to a GI.

Connected to existing GI

None Utility / mop

Not connected to existing GI

Outdoor, underground GI (preferred) or point-source GI

If feasible, connect to outdoor

GI.

If connection to outdoor GI is not feasible, connect to a point-source GI.

Utility / mop sinks should discharge to an outdoor, underground GI that is sized and installed according to applicable regulations and codes. These drains are likely to receive greasy wastewater discharges from cleaning activities and are sometimes required to be connected to a GI by local ordinances / codes.

Limited Menu, Fried and Grilled Foods, Commercial Kitchen – Fast Food Restaurants (Burger King, etc.), Flight Kitchen, Bowling Alley Snack Bar, Commissary (Deli/Prepared Foods Section) See above “Full Service, Commercial Kitchen” for requirements.

October 2008 3-9 Final

Minimum Existing Recommended

Pretreatment Components Recommended Action Rationale Meat Processing / Butcher Shop – Commissary See above “Full Service, Commercial Kitchen” for requirements.

Pre-packaged Foods, Minimal Food Preparation, No Frying or Grilling, Commercial Kitchen – Community Center Snack Bar, Delicatessen, Coffee Shop No pretreatment required Limited Use, Residential-type Kitchen – Fire Station, Youth Center, Child Development Center No pretreatment required Notes:

1. State or local requirements may supersede information provided in this table.

2. AHJ = Authority Having Jurisdiction. For Beale AFB, the AHJ is the base.

October 2008 3-10 Final

Table 3-2. Grease Interceptor Design Criteria

Design Criteria GI Design Category Existing GI – Basis of Evaluation New GI – Recommendations References

Design Flow

GGI, HGI

Determine maximum allowable DFUs for the design flow rate of the GI using Table 7-4 in the UPC.

Calculate sum of DFUs for each fixture contributing flow to the GI. DFU values are based on Table 7-3 in the UPC.

Calculate sum of DFU values for each fixture contributing flow to the GI. DFU values are based on Table 7-3 in the UPC. The acceptable discharge flow rate is based on Table 7-4 in the UPC.

UPC (IAPMO, 2003

and 2006) – Tables 7-3 (DFU), 7-4 (discharge capacity)

Size

Pre-Manufactured GI Evaluate capability to adequately treat design flow rate. Treatable flow rate is obtained from manufacturer.

Utilize manufacturer provided information to select a unit that meets or exceeds requirements for design flow rate and grease capacity, if applicable.

Manufacturer literature

Cast-in-Place GI Evaluate capability to adequately treat design flow rate. Treatable flow rate is calculated using a 30-minute detention time and the operational volume of the main grease separation chamber.

Cast-in-place GIs are not recommended. UPC (IAPMO, 2006), Draft Final HQ ACC FOG Management Policy (URS, 2008)

Design Specifications

Type Evaluate capability to adequately treat design flow. High-flow facilities: Pre-manufactured GI, installed outside and underground is preferred for large applications.

Low-flow facilities: If plumbing conditions do not allow centralized pretreatment or if there are few fixtures requiring pretreatment, point-source HGIs are preferred.

Multiservice Oil/Water Separator Guidance Manual (U.S. Air Force, 1999)

October 2008 3-11 Final

Table 3-2. Grease Interceptor Design Criteria (Continued)

Design Criteria GI Design Category References Existing GI – Basis of Evaluation New GI – Recommendations

Design Specifications (Continued)

Accessibility Evaluate feasibility of adequately maintaining and cleaning internal components with reasonable effort from responsible personnel.

Install GI in a location easily accessible for personnel and equipment required to routinely inspect, maintain, and clean.

Include access openings that:

• do not require confined space entry to adequately maintain and clean internal components,

• have lids that can be lifted by one to two workers, and

• provide access for effluent sampling.

UPC (IAPMO, 2006),

Draft Final HQ ACC FOG Management Policy (URS, 2008), ACC WW Standards (adapted from OWS standards) (HQ

ACC/CEOI, 2004)

Standards / Certifications

Standard or certification not required. Design specifications should meet the requirements of at least one of the following: PDI-G101, ASME

A112.14.3, ASME A112.14.4, UPC, IAPMO PS 80,

or IAPMO PS 118-2000.

IPC (ICC, 2003),

Multiservice Oil/Water Separator Guidance Manual (U.S. Air Force, 1999), UPC (IAPMO, 2003 and 2006)

Installation

Pre-manufactured Evaluate adherence to manufacturer’s instructions and feasibility of operating properly as installed.

HGI: Install indoors, in an accessible location, as close as possible to the fixture, and according to manufacturer’s instructions.

GGI: Install outdoors, in an accessible location, as close as possible to the flow source, and according to manufacturer’s instructions.

IPC (ICC, 2003),

Multiservice Oil/Water Separator Guidance Manual (U.S. Air Force, 1999), PDI (1996 and 1998), UPC (IAPMO, 2003 and 2006)

Cast-in-place Evaluate adherence to applicable regulations and feasibility of operating properly as installed.

Cast-in-place GIs are not recommended. ACC WW Standards (adapted from OWS standards) (HQ ACC/

CEOI, 2004), AFI 32-

October 2008 3-12 Final

Interceptor Management Plan Beale AFB, California

Table 3-2. Grease Interceptor Design Criteria (Continued)

October 2008 3-13 Final

Design Criteria GI Design Category Existing GI – Basis of Evaluation New GI – Recommendations References

Ancillary Equipment

Flow Rate Controls Prevents the incoming flow rate from exceeding the rated flow capacity of the GI unit. Evaluate installation based on manufacturer’s instructions.

Prevents the incoming flow rate from exceeding the rated flow capacity of the GI unit. Install according to manufacturer’s instructions.

IPC (ICC, 2003),

Multiservice Oil/Water Separator Guidance Manual (U.S. Air Force, 1999), PDI (1996 and 1998), UPC (IAPMO, 2003 and 2006)

Solids Interceptor If regulations allow connection of food grinders to GI units, a solids interceptor should be installed downstream of food grinder prior to discharge to the GI unit. Evaluate size and installation based on manufacturer’s instructions.

If regulations allow connection of food grinders to GI units, a solids interceptor should be installed downstream of food grinder prior to discharge to the GI unit. Size and install according to manufacturer’s instructions.

IPC (ICC, 2003), PDI

(1998)

AFI – Air Force Instruction ICC – International Code Council IPC – International Plumbing Code

Grease

4.0 GREASE INTERCEPTOR INVENTORY RESULTS

Twenty-one suspected food preparation facilities at Beale AFB were surveyed. A total of 11 GIs were inventoried during the fieldwork. Table 4-1 provides a summary of the types of grease removal units inventoried and their status. A complete list of the GIs inventoried is provided in Table 4-2.

Table 4-1. Grease Interceptor Inventory Summary

Unit Type Active Inactive Total GGI (Outside, Underground) 7 4 11

All of the GIs at Beale AFB are underground, precast structures located outside of the building.

Four of the GIs are inactive. At the time of the inventory, many of the GIs were functional, but some were undersized for the wastewater flow they receive. Undersized GIs do not achieve sufficient separation of FOG from the wastewater entering the collection system and should be replaced. In addition, many of the GGIs were deemed not capable of adequately treating emulsified oils in the wastewater stream they receive. Enhanced GIs with coalescing media are better suited for removing emulsified oil particles.

A comprehensive GI inventory, detailed inventory summary sheets, and facility sketches are presented in Appendix B. A map depicting the location of all GIs at Beale AFB is provided in Appendix C.

October 2008 4-1 Final

Table 4-2. Beale AFB Grease Interceptor Inventory

Unit ID Facility Name Status Capacity (gallons) Type Installation

GI 1060 Base Operations Snack Bar Active 410 GGI Outside, Underground GI 1200 Global Hawk Secure

Building Inactive 150 GGI Outside, Underground

GI 2425 TJ's Coffee and Deli Active 1140 GGI Outside, Underground GI 2447 Burger King Active 640 GGI Outside, Underground GI 2490 Contrails Inn Dining Facility Active 1030 GGI Outside, Underground GI 5700 9th Medical Group Clinic Inactive 260 GGI Outside, Underground GI 5800 Club Beale Inactive 350 GGI Outside, Underground GI 11603 Ramoneda Inn Active 3410 GGI Outside, Underground GI 24081 Recce Point Club and Pub Active 3690 GGI Outside, Underground GI 25608 Commissary Active 1490 GGI Outside, Underground GI Dragon Town

Dragon Town Inactive 630 GGI Outside, Underground

October 2008 4-2 Final

5.0…