NSTM S9086-VH-STM-010.pdf

NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL

CHAPTER 635

THERMAL, FIRE, AND

ACOUSTIC INSULATION

THIS CHAPTER SUPERSEDES CHAPTER 635 DATED MAY 1986

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C: DISTRIBUTION AUTHORIZED TO U.S. GOVERNMENT

AGENCIES AND THEIR CONTRACTORS; ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL USE

(15 APRIL 1976). OTHER REQUESTS FOR THIS DOCUMENT WILL BE REFERRED TO

THE NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (SEA-56Z11).

DESTRUCTION NOTICE: DESTROY BY ANY METHOD THAT WILL PREVENT DISCLO-

SURE OF CONTENTS OR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DOCUMENT.

S9086-VH-STM-010/CH-635R2

REVISION 2

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PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND.

28 JUL 1998

S9086-VH-STM-010/CH-635R2

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter/Paragraph Page

635 THERMAL, FIRE, AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-1

SECTION 1. GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-1

635-1.1 PURPOSE OF INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-1 635-1.1.1 THERMAL INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-1 635-1.1.2 ACOUSTIC INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-1 635-1.1.3 FIRE INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-1 635-1.1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2

635-1.1.4.1 Blanket Insulation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2 635-1.1.4.2 Block Insulation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2 635-1.1.4.3 Board Insulation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2 635-1.1.4.4 Coating.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2 635-1.1.4.5 Conduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2 635-1.1.4.6 Thermal Conductivity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2 635-1.1.4.7 Convection.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2 635-1.1.4.8 Radiation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2 635-1.1.4.9 Surface Emissivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-2

635-1.1.4.10 High Temperature Insulation Cement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-3 635-1.1.4.11 Finishing Cement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-3 635-1.1.4.12 Lagging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-3

635-1.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-3

SECTION 2. THERMAL INSULATION FOR PIPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-3

635-2.1 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-3 635-2.1.1 INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-3 635-2.1.2 INSULATION CHARACTERISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-3 635-2.1.3 INSULATING FORMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-4

635-2.2 PREFORMED PIPE COVERING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-5 635-2.2.1 THERMAL INSULATION PIPE COVERING.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-5 635-2.2.2 ANTI-SWEAT INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-5 635-2.2.3 ELASTOMERIC FOAM PLASTIC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-5

635-2.2.4 PREFORMED FIBROUS GLASS PIPE COVERING.. . . . . . . . . . . . 635-5

635-2.2.5 PREFORMED POLYIMIDE FOAM INSULATION FOR HOT PIPING,

DOD-I-24688, TYPE I, WITHOUT A VAPOR BARRIER. . . . . . . . . 635-5

635-2.2.6 THERMAL INSULATION BLOCK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-6

635-2.3 BLANKETS, SHEETS AND FELTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-6 635-2.3.1 THERMAL GLASS FIBER INSULATION FELT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-6

635-2.3.2 REFRACTORY FIBER THERMAL INSULATION BLANKET. . . . . . . . 635-6

635-2.3.3 FIBROUS MINERAL WOOL THERMAL INSULATION BLANKETS. . . 635-6

635-2.3.4 THERMAL INSULATING TAPE (FOR TEMPORARY REPAIR).. . . . . . 635-6

635-2.3.5 SHEET FORM INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-7 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

635-2.4 CEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-7

635-2.4.1 HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATING CEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-7

635-2.4.2 FINISHING AND INSULATING CEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-7 635-2.4.3 LAGGING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-7

635-2.4.3.1 Lagging Systems Materials.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-7 635-2.4.3.2 Fibrous Glass Cloth and Tape.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-8 635-2.4.3.3 Fibrous Glass Metallic Cloth and Tape.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-8 635-2.4.3.4 Metallic Lagging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-8

635-2.4.4 SILICONE RUBBER COATED/ALUMINIZED AND SILICONE RUBBER

COATED FIBROUS GLASS CLOTHS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-8

635-2.4.5 ADHESIVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-8

635-2.5 COATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-9 635-2.5.1 COATING.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-9

635-2.5.2 FIRE-RESISTANT VAPOR-BARRIER COATING.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-9

635-2.5.3 END-SEALING COMPOUND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-9 635-2.5.4 PAINT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-9

635-2.6 INSTALLATION OF PIPING INSULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-9

635-2.6.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR THERMAL INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-9

635-2.6.2 PREPARATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-10 635-2.6.3 TREATMENT OF UNINSULATED PIPING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-10

635-2.6.4 EXCEPTIONS TO INSULATION REQUIREMENTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . 635-10

635-2.6.5 UNSPECIFIED SURFACES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-10

635-2.6.6 CLOTH LAGGING SECURED WITH ADHESIVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-10

635-2.6.7 SECTIONAL PREFORMED INSULATION APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . 635-11

635-2.6.8 METAL LAGGING INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-11

635-2.7 MAINTENANCE OF THERMAL INSULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-11 635-2.7.1 SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-11

635-2.8 INSPECTION OF THERMAL INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-11 635-2.8.1 VISUAL INSPECTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-11 635-2.8.2 BROKEN OR LOOSE INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-11 635-2.8.3 WATER DAMAGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-12 635-2.8.4 HEAT LOSS DETECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-12 635-2.8.5 HEAT GUN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-12 635-2.8.6 HEAT GUN OPERATION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-12 635-2.8.7 HEAT GUN STORAGE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-13 635-2.8.8 HEAT GUN CHECKS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-13

635-2.9 CORRECTIVE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-13 635-2.9.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-13

635-2.10 THERMAL INSULATION TO PIPE OR TUBING APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . 635-14

635-2.10.1 HOT PIPING SYSTEMS (125°F TO 1,050°F), EXCEPT WEATHER DECK

PIPING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-14 ii

635-2.10.2 PREFORMED SECTIONAL PIPE COVERINGS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-14

635-2.10.3 FIBROUS GLASS PREFORMED SECTIONAL INSULATION.. . . . . . . 635-16

635-2.10.4 POLYIMIDE FOAM INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-16 635-2.10.5 THERMAL INSULATION TAPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-17 635-2.10.6 PIPE HANGERS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-18 635-2.10.7 COVERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-20 635-2.10.8 STEAM TRAPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-23 635-2.10.9 INTERMITTENT USE BOILER PIPING SYSTEMS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-23

635-2.10.10 WEATHER DECK HOT PIPING.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-24 635-2.10.11 DIESEL EXHAUST INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-25 635-2.10.12 ANTI-SWEAT SYSTEMS (28°F to 99°F).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-25 635-2.10.13 REFRIGERANT INSULATION (-20°F to + 40°F).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-28

SECTION 3. THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION FOR MACHINERY . . . . . . . . 635-29

635-3.1 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-29 635-3.1.1 INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-29 635-3.1.2 LAGGING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-29 635-3.1.3 ADHESIVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-30 635-3.1.4 ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-30

635-3.1.5 FINISH, COATING, SECUREMENT, AND REINFORCEMENT

MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-30

635-3.2 INSULATION INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-30 635-3.2.1 PREPARATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-30 635-3.2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-31 635-3.2.3 EQUIPMENT SUPPORTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-31 635-3.2.4 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-31

635-3.3 INSTALLATION OF THERMAL INSULATION FOR MACHINERY . . . . . . . . 635-31

635-3.3.1 THERMAL INSULATION TO TURBINES APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . 635-31

635-3.3.1.1 Permanent Insulation Application.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-31 635-3.3.1.2 Removable Turbine Casing Flange Joint Cover.. . . . . . . . . . 635-34 635-3.3.1.3 Semi-Removable Turbine Flange Cover.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-34

635-3.4 INSTALLATION OF THERMAL INSULATION TO BOILER COMPONENTS

APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-34

635-3.4.1 BOILER CASINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-34 635-3.4.2 Boiler Steam Drums and Water Drums.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-37 635-3.4.3 Drum Ends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-37 635-3.4.4 MANHOLE COVERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-37 635-3.4.5 SUPERHEATER HEADERS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-38 635-3.4.6 BOILER UPTAKE AND BREECHING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-38

635-3.5 THERMAL INSULATION TO LOW PRESSURE DISTILLING PLANT

APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-38

635-3.5.1 HOT COMPONENTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-38 iii

635-3.5.2 REMOVABLE COVERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-39

635-3.5.3 DISTILLATE COOLER AND STAGE CONDENSERS.. . . . . . . . . . . 635-39

635-3.6 THERMAL INSULATION TO AUXILIARY MACHINERY, PUMPS, AND

EQUIPMENT WITH TEMPERATURES ABOVE 125°F APPLICATION. . . . . 635-39

635-3.6.1 PERMANENT INSULATION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-39 635-3.6.2 REUSABLE INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-39

635-3.7 THERMAL INSULATION TO UNFIRED PRESSURE VESSELS APPLICATION . 635-39

635-3.7.1 PERMANENT INSULATION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-39 635-3.7.2 REUSABLE COVERS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-39

635-3.7.3 GAS TURBINE EXHAUST DUCT INSULATION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-40

635-3.8 COLD WATER ANTI-SWEAT INSULATION (28°F TO 99°F). . . . . . . . . . . . 635-40 635-3.8.1 INSULATION APPLICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-40 635-3.8.2 REFRIGERANT INSULATION (-20°F TO 40°F).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-41 635-3.8.3 O2 N2 PLANT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-41

SECTION 4. REFRIGERATED STORES SPACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-42

635-4.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-42 635-4.1.1 APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-42 635-4.1.2 MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-42 635-4.1.3 INSULATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-42

635-4.1.3.1 Sheathing (Inner Lining).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-43 635-4.1.4 DECK COVERING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-43 635-4.1.5 FURRING AND FRAMING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-43

635-4.2 INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-43 635-4.2.1 GENERAL INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-43 635-4.2.2 BREATHER OPENINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-44 635-4.2.3 REFRIGERATED SPACE DOORS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-45

635-4.3 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION, AND REPAIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-46

635-4.3.1 MAINTENANCE, TESTS, CHECKS, AND INSPECTION.. . . . . . . . . 635-46

635-4.3.2 REPAIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-46

SECTION 5. THERMAL INSULATION FOR COMPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-47

635-5.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-47 635-5.1.1 APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-47 635-5.1.2 THICKNESSES OF INSULATION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-47 635-5.1.3 MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-48 635-5.1.4 INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-49

635-5.2 SURFACE SHIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-49 635-5.2.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-49 iv

635-5.2.2 SUBMARINES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-50 635-5.2.3 MAINTENANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-51 635-5.2.4 REPAIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-51 635-5.2.5 SURFACE SHIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-51 635-5.2.6 SUBMARINES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-51

635-5.3 ANTI-SWEAT TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-52 635-5.3.1 MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-52 635-5.3.2 APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-52

SECTION 6. THERMAL INSULATION FOR DUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-52

635-6.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-52 635-6.1.1 APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-52 635-6.1.2 MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-53 635-6.1.3 INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-53 635-6.1.4 MAINTENANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-54 635-6.1.5 REPAIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-54

SECTION 7. ACOUSTIC ABSORPTION TREATMENT AND TRANSMISSION LOSS

TREATMENTS FOR COMPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-55

635-7.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-55 635-7.1.1 APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-55 635-7.1.2 MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-55

635-7.2 INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-56

635-7.2.1 GENERAL INSTALLATION PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-56

635-7.2.2 TREATMENTS INSTALLED FOR ACOUSTIC ABSORPTION

PURPOSES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-57

635-7.2.3 TREATMENTS INSTALLED FOR TRANSMISSION LOSS PURPOSES. . 635-58

635-7.2.4 ACOUSTIC TREATMENT MAINTENANCE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-59

635-7.2.5 INSPECTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-62

SECTION 8. ACOUSTIC LINING AND LAGGING TREATMENTS FOR DUCTS . . . . . . 635-62

635-8.1 ACOUSTIC LINING FOR DUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-62 635-8.1.1 APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-62 635-8.1.2 MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-63 635-8.1.3 INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-63 635-8.1.4 INSPECTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-66

635-8.2 ACOUSTIC LAGGING TREATMENT FOR DUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-66 635-8.2.1 APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-66 635-8.2.2 MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-67 635-8.2.3 INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-68 635-8.2.4 INSPECTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-68 v

SECTION 9. FIRE INSULATION FOR COMPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-69

635-9.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-69 635-9.1.1 SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-69 635-9.1.2 MATERIALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-69 635-9.1.3 INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-70

635-9.1.3.1 Fire Insulation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-70 635-9.1.3.2 Butts and Seams.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-70 635-9.1.3.3 Beams and Stiffeners.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-70 635-9.1.3.4 Penetration Sleeves.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-70 635-9.1.3.5 Protective Coaming.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-70 635-9.1.3.6 Beam and Stiffener Installation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-71 635-9.1.3.7 Vertical Stiffeners.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-71 635-9.1.3.8 Pipe Stanchions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-71

635-9.1.4 INSPECTION AND REPAIR.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-72 635-9.1.5 OIL, WATER, OR VAPOR PROTECTION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-72 635-9.1.6 DOORS AND HATCHES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-74 635-9.1.7 BULKHEAD PENETRATIONS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-74 635-9.1.8 LADDERS AND SUPPORTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-74

635-9.1.9 TREATMENT OVER BALLISTIC OR FRAGMENTATION PROTECTIVE

PANELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-74

SECTION 10. EMERGENCY REPAIR OF ASBESTOS-CONTAINING LAGGING . . . . . . 635-79

635-10.1 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-79 635-10.1.1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-80

635-10.2 PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-80 635-10.2.1 DISPOSAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-81 635-10.2.2 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-81 635-10.2.3 TRAINING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-81 635-10.2.4 CONFLICTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-81

A. NON-ASBESTOS NATIONAL STOCK NUMBERS AND RELATED ITEM

DESCRIPTIONS FOR SELECTED THERMAL INSULATION

SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

635-A.1 NATIONAL STOCK NUMBERS (NSN’S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

635-A.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

635-A.3 APPLICATION: PIPE INSULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

635-A.4 APPLICATION: BOARDS, BLANKETS, BLOCKS, AND FELTS. . . . . . . . . . A-4

635-A.5 APPLICATION: LAGGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6 vi

635-A.6 APPLICATION: INSULATION ADHESIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

635-A.7 APPLICATION: INSULATION CEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 vii

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

635-1-1 REPRESENTATIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-1

635-2-1 HEAT GUN SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-12

635-2-2 THICKNESS OF INSULATION FOR HOT PIPING CONFORMING TO

MIL-I-2781 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-14

635-2-3 THICKNESS OF INSULATION CONFORMING TO DOD-I-24688, TYPE I,

ELECTRIC BOAT CORPORATION SPECIFICATION 4013 AND MIL-I-223441/

2 , FOR HOT PIPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-16

635-2-4 THICKNESS OF INSULATION TAPE CONFORMING TO MIL-I-20079 AND

MIL-I16441 FOR 1/4-TO 3/4-INCH SIZE HOT PIPING1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-17

635-2-5 THICKNESS OF INSULATING MATERIALS FOR HOT SURFACES OF

VALVES AND FITTING UP TO 1,200°F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-19

635-2-6 NOMINAL THICKNESS OF INSULATION FOR WEATHER DECK HOT PIPING

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-24

635-2-7 THICKNESS OF ANTI-SWEAT INSULATION ELECTRIC BOAT

CORPORATION SPECIFICATION 4013 FOR PIPING (NOMINAL

THICKNESS (INCHES)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-28

635-3-1 THICKNESS OF INSULATION MATERIALS FOR HOT SURFACES OF

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (NOMINAL THICKNESS (INCHES) (DOES

NOT INCLUDE FINISHING CEMENT)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-32

635-3-2 THICKNESS OF ANTISWEAT INSULATION MATERIALS FOR MACHINERY

AND EQUIPMENT (NOMINAL THICKNESS (INCHES) (DOES NOT

INCLUDE VAPOR BARRIER)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-32

635-3-3 THICKNESS OF REFRIGERANT INSULATION FOR MACHINERY AND

EQUIPMENT (NOMINAL THICKNESS (INCHES)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-32

635-4-1 FURRING AND FRAMING MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-43

635-A-1 MIL-I-2781 INSULATION, PIPE, THERMAL (CALCIUM SILICATE) NOMINAL

DENSITY (APPROXIMATELY 14 LBS/FT3 ) NOMINAL LENGTH-36 INCHES

SINGLE LAYER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

635-A-2 MIL-I-22344 INSULATION, PIPE, THERMAL, FIBROUS GLASS NOMINAL

LENGTH-36 INCHES TEMPERATURE LIMIT-370°F MAXIMUM . . . . . . . A-3

635-A-3 DOD-I-24688, TYPE I, POLYIMIDE PIPE INSULATION NOMINAL LENGTH-48

INCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

635-A-4 MIL-I2818, INSULATION BLANKET, THERMAL, FIBROUS MATERIAL

(MINERAL WOOL) NOMINAL WIDTH-24 INCHES DENSITY -

APPROXIMATELY 12 LBS/FT3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

635-A-5 MIL-I-2819 INSULATION BLOCK, THERMAL (CALCIUM SILICATE)

NOMINAL LENGTH-36 INCHES DENSITY: CLASS 2-APPROXIMATELY 14

viii

LIST OF TABLES - Continued

Table Title Page

LBS/FT3 CLASS 3-APPROXIMATELY 22 LBS/FT3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

635-A-6 MIL-I-16411 INSULATION, FELT, THERMAL, GLASS FIBER TEMPERATURE

LIMIT-1200°F MAXIMUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

635-A-7 MIL-I-22023 INSULATION, FELT, THERMAL AND SOUND ABSORBING FELT,

FIBROUS GLASS, FLEXIBLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

635-A-8 MIL-I-742 INSULATION BOARD, THRMAL, FIBROUS GLASS (TYPE I) . . . . A-5

635-A-9 DOD-I-24688, TYPE II, CLASS 1, POLYIMIDE FOAM, THERMAL

INSULATION PANEL WITH FIBROUS GLASS CLOTH FACING . . . . . . . A-5

635-A-10 DOD-I-24688, TYPE II, CLASS 2, POLYIMIDE FOAM, ACOUSTIC

INSULATION PANEL, SLOTTED BASE BOARD, FACED WITH

PERFORATED FIBROUS GLASS CLOTH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

635-A-11 HH-P-31 PACKING AND LAGGING MATERIAL, FIBROUS GLASS,

METALLIC AND PLAIN CLOTH AND TAPE (TYPE I, CLASS 1) . . . . . . . A-6

635-A-12 MIL-C-20079 CLOTH, GLASS, TAPE, TEXTILE, GLASS AND THREAD GLASS

(TYPE I - GLASS CLOTH) NOMINAL LENGTH-50 YARDS NOMINAL

WIDTH-60 INCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

635-A-13 MIL-C-20079 CLOTH, GLASS, TAPE, TEXTILE, GLASS AND THREAD,

GLASS (TYPE II-GLASS TAPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

ASTM F 1138 SPRAY SHIELDS FOR MECHANICAL JOINTS SILICONE

ALUMINIZED CLOTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

635-A-15 MIL-A-3316 ADHESIVES, FIRE RESISTANT THERMAL INSULATION . . . . . A-7

635-A-16 MIL-C-2861 CEMENT, INSULATION, HIGH TEMPERATURE

DENSITY-APPROXIMATELY 30 LB/FT3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

ix

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Title Page

635-2-1. Double Layer Calcium Silicate Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-15

635-2-2. Typical Installation of Calcium Silicate Pipe Insulation on Hot Piping. . . . . . . . 635-16

635-2-3. Thermal Insulation Tape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-18

635-2-4. Typical Lateral Wrapped Insulation Tape Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-18

635-2-5. Typical Removable Flange Cover for System Operating at Temperatures Above 450° F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-20

635-2-6. Removable Covers Where Flange Diameter Is Smaller Than the Outside Diameter of the Adjacent Pipe Covering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-22

635-2-7. Permanent Insulation of Fitting on Hot Piping System Using Insulation Felt. . . . . 635-24

635-2-8. Antisweat Piping Insulation Penetrating Bulkheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-27

635-2-9. Typical Method of Insulating Cold Water Valve with Preformed Sectional Pipe Covering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-28

635-3-1. Application of Thermal Insulation Block, MIL-I-2819, Class 2, to Machinery and Equipment (Temperature Range 125°F to 1,200°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-33

635-3-2. Application of High Temperature Cement, MIL-C-2861, to Machinery and Equipment (Temperature Range 125° F to 850° F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-33

635-3-3. Application of Fibrous Glass Felt, MIL-I-16411, to Machinery and Equipment (Temperature Range 125° F to 1,200° F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-35

635-3-4. Application of Fibrous Mineral Blanket, MIL-I-2818, to Machinery or Equipment (Temperature Range 125°F to 1,000°F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-36

635-3-5. Turbine Casing Removable Flange Cover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-36

635-3-6. Typical Drum Shell Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-37

635-3-7. Drum Shell Manhole Plate and Removable Cover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-38

635-3-8. Application of Insulation Felt, MIL-I-22023, to Machinery and Equipment (Temperature Range 28°F to 99°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-41

635-3-9. Typical Installation of Anti-Sweat Insulation EBCorp Spec. 4013, on Machinery and Equipment (Temperature Range -20° to 180°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-42

635-5-1. Installation of Fibrous Glass Thermal Insulation on Beams and Stiffeners. . . . . . 635-49

635-7-1. Treatment Over Unconstrained and Constrained Damping Tile. . . . . . . . . . . . 635-57

635-7-2. Transmission Loss Treatment Butted to Thermal or Acoustic Absorption Treatment . 635-60

635-7-3. Typical Transmission Loss Treatments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-61 x

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - Continued

Figure Title Page

635-7-4. Typical Submarine Transmission Loss Treatments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-62

635-8-1. Typical Acoustical Treatment for Round and Square Ducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-64

635-8-2. Typical Flange Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-65

635-8-3. Treatment Between Insulated Flanges, Acoustic-To-Thermal Insulation (Bottom), Acoustic-To-Acoustic Insulation (Top) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-65

635-8-4. Insulation Fairing Detail for Partial Treatment of Duct. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-66

635-8-5. Typical Installation Around Bolted Access Cover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-67

635-8-6. Double-Wall Transmission Loss Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-68

635-8-7. Barium-Sulfate-Loaded Vinyl or Silicone Lagged Transmission Loss Treatment . . . 635-69

635-9-1. Insulation Beam Wrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-71

635-9-2. Penetration Sleeve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-71

635-9-3. Installation of Fire Insulation on Vertical Stiffeners Under Transverse Web Frames and on Transverse Bulkheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-73

635-9-4. Sheathing Around Beam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-74

635-9-5. Treatment Around Doors and Hatches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-75

635-9-6. Fire Insulation Treatment Around Pipe or Vent Penetrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635-76

635-9-7. Fire Insulation Around Bulkhead Penetrations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-77

635-9-8. Light or Electrical Equipment Attachment to Stiffener (Fire Insulation Removed for Clarity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-78

635-9-9. Multi-Layer Installation of Aramid Fiber Panels Between Stiffeners (Fire Insulation Removed for Clarity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-78

635-9-10. Installation of Restraining Strap and Fire Insulation Studs Over Layered Rigid Aramid Fiber Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-79

635-9-11. Typical Installtion of Aramid Fiber Panel Restraining Strap Showing Fire Insulation Stud Arrangement on Bulkhead with Vertical Stiffeners (Fire Insulation Removed for Clarity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635-79 xi / (xii Blank) xii @@FIpgtype@@BLANK@@!FIpgtype@@

CHAPTER 635

THERMAL, FIRE, AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION

SECTION 1.

GENERAL

635-1.1 PURPOSE OF INSULATION

635-1.1.1 THERMAL INSULATION. Thermal insulation is applied to minimize the transfer of heat from, or to, a body or surface that is hotter or colder respectively than the surrounding atmosphere. This thermal insula-tion is a material or materials having a low thermal conductivity. SeeTable 635-1-1for representative values of thermal conductivity. While increasing the economy of a machinery plant, thermal insulation also reduces the quantity of air necessary for ventilating and cooling requirements and prevents injury of personnel due to burns from contact with hot parts of apparatus. It also ensures more uniform heat distribution within equipment.

Another function of thermal insulation is to prevent sweating of cold surfaces where atmospheric moisture con-denses, causing undesirable dripping and accelerated corrosion of the metal. Insulation shall be sufficiently effec-tive to reduce heat losses and lower surface temperatures to 125°F for fluid temperatures up to 650°F with an ambient temperature 85°F. For fluid temperatures above 650°F, the surface temperature shall be maintained at a maximum of 133°F.

Table 635-1-1 REPRESENTATIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

Material Mean Temp. (°F) k

Air 50 0.168 Concrete 60 3.24 Rubber (Soft) 60 1.20 Wood 60 0.84 Fibrous glass 75 0.23 Polyimide foam 75 0.32 Calcium silicate 200 0.42 Rockwool 90 0.276 Aluminum 100 1464.0 Copper 100 2640.0 Steel 100 300.0 Water 100 3.5 Polyphosphazene 75 0.30

635-1.1.2 ACOUSTIC INSULATION. Acoustic insulating materials reduce airborne noise levels aboard ships for hearing conservation and personnel comfort.

635-1.1.3 FIRE INSULATION. When installed over magazines, pyrotechnic lockers or aluminum structure, fire insulation reduces the risk of serious damage due to fire. Fire insulation is installed to retard heat transfer to underlying substrate materials (thereby maintaining structural integrity), and to prevent heat transfer to other compartments to limit the spread of fire. Fire insulation is used to protect fire zone bulkheads and boundaries from selected hazards. When exposed to a standard fire, the insulation will keep the far side temperatures less than 450°F for a period of 30 minutes. The majority of fleet installations use mineral wool that is qualified to fire test ASTM E 119. Newer fire insulations such as amorphous glass (silica fiber) are qualified to Underwriters

635-1

Laboratory UL 1709. Mineral wool fire insulation is installed in ship Classes such as DDG-51, MHC-51, LHD-1, LSD 49 (CV) and CG-47. Amorphous glass fire insulation is specified in DDG-51 FLIGHT IIA and LPD-17 Class ships. Fire insulation is also installed over certain types of fragmentation protection (such as KEVLAR) to minimize the possibility of the release of toxic gas in the event of a fire.

635-1.1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS. The following definition apply to terms used in this manual:

635-1.1.4.1 Blanket Insulation. A relatively flat and flexible insulation in sheet form furnished in units of sub-stantial area.

635-1.1.4.2 Block Insulation. Rigid insulation preformed into rectangular units.

635-1.1.4.3 Board Insulation. Semi-rigid insulation preformed into rectangular units having a degree of supple-ness particularly related to their geometrical dimensions.

635-1.1.4.4 Coating. A liquid or semi-liquid applied to the lagging surface that dries or cures to form a protec-tive finish, and prevents the passage of fluids, liquids, or gases through the lagging and into the insulation.

635-1.1.4.5 Conduction. Conduction is the heat flow from one part of a body to another part of the same body, or from one body to another with which it is in physical contact, without displacement of the particles of the body. This matter of heat flow is most important in insulation; it is the low conduction that results in the great-est temperature differential between a hot insulated surface and the atmosphere (as in steam piping insulation), or a relatively warm atmosphere and a cold surface (as in refrigerating plant insulation). Heat transfer from insu-lated pipes or large blanketed or cemented surfaces (turbines and evaporators) to the outer surface of their lag-ging is included in this mode. Conduction is associated with solids; comparison of materials in this respect is measured by the thermal conductivity or k factor.

635-1.1.4.6 Thermal Conductivity. This characteristic of materials, also referred to as the k factor, expresses the rate of heat conductivity in British thermal units (Btu) per inch of material thickness per hour per square foot of area per degree F temperature differential. Representative values of thermal conductivity, k, are shown inTable 635-1-1.

635-1.1.4.7 Convection. Convection is the process by which heat is transferred from one point to another within a fluid, gas, or liquid, by circulating or mixing one portion of the fluid with another. These currents are produced by warm fluid being displaced by heavier cold fluid. Convection reduces the effectiveness of air space insulation unless such space is very small.

635-1.1.4.8 Radiation. Radiation is the method of heat transfer by which a hot body gives off energy in the form of radiant heat that is emitted in all directions. Radiant heat, like light, travels in straight lines at the speed of light. The surface condition greatly affects the ability of a body to radiate heat. Radiation from surfaces var-ies from very low values for aluminum, polished copper, or polished steel to a relatively high value for a black painted surface. Conversely, bright, shiny, smooth surfaces are good heat reflectors.

635-1.1.4.9 Surface Emissivity. Surface emissivity (E) is the ability of an opaque material to emit radiant energy as a result of its temperature. It is measured by the ratio of the rate of radiant emission of the material to the corresponding emission of a thermally black body at the same temperature (1.0). Almost all shipboard mate-

635-2 rials have high emissivity (0.9 or higher); that is, regardless of optical appearance, they are thermally black or very dark grey. Exceptions are highly polished bare metals, which have emissivities of approximately 0.1, and aluminum paints, which have emissivities varying from 0.3 to 0.4. If it is necessary to estimate the emissivity of a surface, such as a white-painted pipe covering, 0.95 is a good estimate.

635-1.1.4.10 High Temperature Insulation Cement. A mixture of dry, granular, flaky, fibrous, or powdery mate-rials that when mixed with water develops into a plastic consistency and when dried in place forms a coherent covering that provides substantial resistance to heat transmission.

635-1.1.4.11 Finishing Cement. A mixture of fibrous or powdery materials, that when mixed with water devel-ops a plastic consistency and a relatively hard, protective surface. Finishing cement is not an effective insulation material. It is intended to be used only to provide a smooth final surface. In those applications where cement is to act as an insulation material, high temperature cement shall be used.

635-1.1.4.12 Lagging. The protective and confining jacket or covering placed over the actual insulation mate-rial.

635-1.2 HEALTH AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

635-1.2.1 Health and safety precautions shall be rigidly followed when handling dust and fiber-producing materials such as asbestos, ceramic fibers, or fibrous glass. When work is performed on older ships, extra care shall be exercised to ensure that personnel do not come into contact with products containing asbestos or ceramic fibers. Permissible levels of exposure, hygienic control measures, protective equipment, medical surveillance requirements and other pertinent data governing occupational hazards involved in applying, removing, using, handling, storing, processing, disposing of, or transporting materials that contain asbestos or ceramic fibers are addressed inSection 10.

SECTION 2.

THERMAL INSULATION FOR PIPING

635-2.1 MATERIALS

635-2.1.1 INSULATION. Piping insulation materials for use aboard naval ships are listed in MIL-STD-769.

They are also listed in the Federal Supply Catalog under Federal Supply Classes (FSC) 5640, 8040, and 9330.

These materials and the nominal thicknesses shown are limited to specified temperature ranges and upper limits.

When repair work requires material replacement, requirements of MIL-STD-769 shall be followed.

635-2.1.2 INSULATION CHARACTERISTICS. The following characteristics of thermal insulating materials were considered before incorporation into MIL-STD-769:

a. Low heat conductivity

b. Fire resistance

c. Light weight

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d. Capability of easy molding and application

e. Moisture repellent

f. Noncorrosive, insoluble, and chemically inactive

g. Composition, structure, and characteristics unchanged by temperatures at which it is to be used

h. Once installed, should not cluster, become lumpy, disintegrate, or build up in masses from vibration

i. Vermin-proof

j. Hygienically safe to handle.

WARNING

MIL-P-15280 is not approved for new construction and is only listed because of its presence on older ships.

WARNING

MIL-I-24703 has been discontinued by the manufacturer and is only listed because of its presence in some ship Classes.

WARNING

Do not use substitutes that do not conform to specifications and standards noted in paragraph 635-2.1.3because of potential fire, smoke, and other safety hazards.

635-2.1.3 INSULATING FORMS. Insulating materials listed in MIL-STD-769 are available in the following forms in accordance with Federal, Military and Commercial specifications.

a. Preformed Sectional Pipe Covering:

1 Thermal insulation pipe covering, MIL-I-2781

2 Plastic foam, unicellular (Form T), tubular, elastomeric, MIL-P-15280

3 Fibrous glass sectional pipe covering, MIL-I-22344

4 Preformed polyimide foam insulation, DOD-I-24688, faced and unfaced

5 Anti-sweat insulation, tubular form, Electric Boat Corporation Specification 4013, 180°F maximum: Arm-strong NH Armaflex manufactured by Armstrong World Industries Inc., Marietta, PA 17547, or equal

6 Polyphosphazene elastomeric foam insulation, MIL-I-24703.

b. Block: thermal insulation block, MIL-I-2819.

c. Blankets, Sheets and Felts:

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1 Thermal glass fiber insulation felt, MIL-I-16411

2 Insulation blanket, thermal fibrous mineral, MIL-I-2818

3 Plastic foam, unicellular (Form S), sheet form, elastomeric, MIL-P-15280

4 Sheet form polyimide foam insulation, DOD-I-24688, faced and unfaced

5 Anti-sweat insulation, sheet form, Electric Boat Corporation Specification 4013, 180°F maximum: Arm-strong NH Armaflex manufactured by Armstrong World Industries Inc., Marietta, PA 17547, or equal

6 Polyphosphazene elastomeric foam insulation, MIL-I-24703.

d. Cements:

1 High temperature insulation cement, MIL-C-2861

2 Finishing cement, ASTM C449

3 Blended hydraulic cement, ASTM C595.

635-2.2 PREFORMED PIPE COVERING

635-2.2.1 THERMAL INSULATION PIPE COVERING. Thermal insulation pipe covering, MIL-I-2781, is a compounded material usually consisting of molded calcium silicate or diatomaceous earth. It is used in both single- and multi-layers and is suitable for temperatures up to 1,200°F. MIL-I-2781 shall be used in high-traffic areas where the installed insulation and lagging will be subject to wear and damage during routine operations.

635-2.2.2 ANTI-SWEAT INSULATION. Anti-sweat pipe insulation is applied to piping systems carrying flu-ids with temperatures below 100°F. Anti-sweat pipe insulation materials that have been used are as follows:

PVC/nitrile unicellular elastomeric foam plastic, MIL-P-15280; polyphosphazene elastomeric foam, MIL-I- 24703; and preformed polyimide foam, DOD-I-24688, Type I with a mylar or aluminized vapor barrier. All repairs and replacement of these anti-sweat insulation materials shall be accomplished using the anti-sweat insu-lation materials conforming to Electric Boat Corporation Specification 4013 sheets and tubes. For new ship designs, anti-sweat insulation materials conforming to Electric Boat Corporation Specification 4013 sheets and tubes shall be installed.

635-2.2.3 ELASTOMERIC FOAM PLASTIC. Elastomeric foam plastic, MIL-P-15280, is a chemically-expanded unicellular plastic foam. This material is no longer being specified for use aboard Navy ships due to the amount of toxic smoke released when this material burns. All repairs and replacement of this material shall be made using material conforming to Electric Boat Corporation Specification 4013.

635-2.2.4 PREFORMED FIBROUS GLASS PIPE COVERING. Preformed fibrous glass pipe covering, MIL- I-22344, consists of resin impregnated fibrous glass, compressed or otherwise formed into pipe covering. This low-density (3.0 to 6.5 lbs/ft3 ) material is furnished in 3- to 6-foot sizes. It is fire and vermin-proof. The mate-rial is used for hot pipe insulation in the 125°F to 370°F temperature range. MIL-I-22344 shall be installed only on vertical piping or in low-traffic areas for surface ships only. It shall only be installed on piping of 1-inch nominal pipe size (nps) or less.

635-2.2.5 PREFORMED POLYIMIDE FOAM INSULATION FOR HOT PIPING, DOD-I-24688, TYPE I, WITHOUT A VAPOR BARRIER. Preformed polyimide foam is a flexible, open cell foam used for piping and machinery systems on new construction ships and retrofit of existing ships. It is produced in preformed sectional and continuous forms. The cut edges are sealed together with adhesive, MIL-A-24179. Polyimide foam has the advantages of low thermal conductivity and low density (nominal 0.6 lb/ft3 ). It possesses excellent flammabil-

635-5 ity properties, including extremely low flame spread, virtually no smoke and negligible toxicity. This material is used for hot pipe insulation in the 100°F and 370°F temperature range.

635-2.2.6 THERMAL INSULATION BLOCK. Thermal insulation block, MIL-I-2819, is furnished in two classes according to the allowable temperatures for which the materials are suitable. Class 2 of the specification covers insulation material for temperatures up to 1,200°F. The maximum density for this class is 14 lbs/ft3 . Class 3 of MIL-I-2819 has a maximum density of 22 lbs/ft3 , and is suitable for temperatures up to 1,500°F. Materials of both classes under MIL-I-2819 shall have a minimum compressive strength of 50 lbs/in2 at not more than 5 percent deformation.

635-2.3 BLANKETS, SHEETS AND FELTS

635-2.3.1 THERMAL GLASS FIBER INSULATION FELT. Thermal glass fiber insulation felt, MIL-I-16411, is made of staple glass fibers laminated and felted without use of binders. This configuration was formerly des-ignated as Type II until Type I was discontinued at which time type designations became unnecessary. All appli-cations requiring MIL-I-16411, Type II are replaced by MIL-I-16411. Type I, which is no longer used for Naval shipbuilding and repair, has been deleted from MIL-I-16411. Type I was made of staple glass fibers felted into coverings in woven yarn or bonded with wire-inserted yarn. Whenever MIL-I-16411 material has been used, it may be replaced or repaired, when necessary, by the current MIL-I-16411 material. It is available in rolls 60 inches wide, 75 feet long for 1/2-inch thicknesses and in 45-foot rolls for 3/4-inch and 1-inch thicknesses. It is flexible and suitable for all temperatures up to 1,200°F. This material is used as thermal insulation on machinery and equipment such as steam turbines and boilers. It is also used in flexible covers for valves, fittings, and flanges. This glass fiber insulation has low thermal conductivity and conforms well to irregular surfaces.

635-2.3.2 REFRACTORY FIBER THERMAL INSULATION BLANKET. Refractory fiber thermal insulation blanket, MIL-I-23128, used to be specified for applications at temperatures up to 2000°F. A fleet advisory dated November, 1986, was issued and stated that refractory fiber thermal insulation shall not be installed aboard ship unless there are no known substitutes for its replacement. For temperatures up to 1000°F, fibrous mineral wool thermal insulation blanket, MIL-I-2818, or fibrous glass felt, MIL-I-16411, may be used in its place. MIL-I-16411 may also be used for temperatures up to 1200°F.

635-2.3.3 FIBROUS MINERAL WOOL THERMAL INSULATION BLANKETS. Fibrous mineral wool ther-mal insulation blanket, MIL-I-2818, consists of either rock or slag or mixtures of these processed from a molten state into fibrous form and then felted into blanket form. It is also available secured between metallic supporting members. The density of this material is 8-12 lbs/ft3 . This mineral fiber insulation has low thermal conductivity and is fire resistant. It is used for insulating hot surfaces of machinery, boilers, equipment, and uptakes at tem-peratures up to 1000°F.

635-2.3.4 THERMAL INSULATING TAPE (FOR TEMPORARY REPAIR). Thermal insulating tape is com-posed of a woven glass jacket, MIL-C-20079, enclosing fibrous glass felt, MIL-I-16411. The jacket may be either in one tubular piece or fabricated of glass cloth sewed into tubular form. An inner jacket of 0.008-inch crimped, stainless steel mesh is used where thermal insulation tape is needed and where the temperature of the hot surface is 450°F, or above. Alternatively, the inner surface of the insulation tape may be fabricated with wire-reinforced glass cloth conforming to HH-P-31, Type I, Class 1, on the inside and end surfaces. Thermal insulation tape shall only be used on a temporary basis, as discussed in paragraph635-2.10.5.

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635-2.3.5 SHEET FORM INSULATION. Elastomeric foam plastic sheet, MIL-P-15280, Type S, may be found on ships built prior to SEAWOLF Class. If that material requires repair or replacement, use materials listed below.

Sheet form insulation may be used on pipe sizes too large for the preformed type, and in the fabrication of valve and fitting insulation.

635-2.3.5.1 Anti-sweat insulation in accordance with Electric Boat Corporation Specification 4013 shall be used between -20°F and 100°F; however, it may be used up to 180°F.

635-2.3.5.2 Polyimide foam in accordance with DOD-I-24688, Type I may be used between 100°F and 370°F.

635-2.4 CEMENTS

635-2.4.1 HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATING CEMENT. High temperature insulating cement, MIL-C- 2861, is composed of a dry mixture of rock or mineral fibers and clay binders, thoroughly mixed to obtain uni-form distribution of the ingredients. It is most suitable for insulating large or irregular surfaces. The composition of the cement is such that when properly mixed with fresh water, it can be applied with a trowel or by hand to hot and cold surfaces. One hundred pounds of dry cement will cover 50 square feet of surface to a thickness of 1 inch. After application, it weighs a maximum of 30 lbs/ft3 .