SOLOMON_Preservation_Plan_7-2-09.pdf

GUS SOLOMON COURTHOUSE

BUILDING PRESERVATION PLAN

02 July 2009

FINAL

REPORT

GUS SOLOMON COURTHOUSE

BUILDING PRESERVATION PLAN

02 JULY 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

fi nal report history & documentation national register listings historic inventory by region inspections zones analysis & treatment image index, images, zones & historic drawings history & documentation

CENTER FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS

OFFICE OF CHIEF ARCHITECT

GSA PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE

BPP

Section 1 of 4

07/01/2009

HISTORY AND DOCUMENTATION

Gus J. Solomon U.S. Courthouse Building Number: OR0023ZZ 620 SW Main Street Architect: Morris H. Whitehouse Portland, OR 97204 Construction Date: 1932 - 1933

GENERAL INFORMATION

BPP Creation Date: 01/05/1993 Building Type: Courthouse (CT)

Location: Broadway and SW Main Street Construction Type:

1 - TYPE l - Fire Resistive Construction

Region: 10 Seismic Zone: 3 - Major Damage

APPLICABLE CODES

Code 1: UBC Code 3: ADA

Code 2: NFPA 101 Code 4: NEC

UTM GIS

NORTHING: 5040150 Latitude:

EASTING: 525020 Longitude:

SIZE DIMENSIONS

Total Floor Area: 207970 Stories: 8

1st Floor Area: 25966 Perimeter: 640

Occupiable: 108455 Depth:

Height: 122

Length:

Page 1 of 8History and Documentation

7/1/2009http://sunprdapp07.pbs.gsa.gov:7777/reports/HistoryAndDocumentation.jsp

GSA PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE

BPP

Section 2 of 4

07/01/2009

HISTORY AND DOCUMENTATION

Gus J. Solomon U.S. Courthouse Building Number: OR0023ZZ 620 SW Main Street Architect: Morris H. Whitehouse Portland, OR 97204 Construction Date: 1932 - 1933

HISTORIC DESIGNATION & SIGNIFICANCE

NATIONAL REGISTER

NR Designation: 2. NR Listed NR Number: 79002142

NR Date: 04/30/1979

District Name: Contributing: No

STATE/LOCAL

DISTRICT

Name: Contributing: No

Date:

GSA DETERMINATION

Eligible: Yes Criteria:

Date:

HISTORIC NAMES

Name From To United States Courthouse (New) 01/01/1932 01/01/1989

BUILDING

FUNCTIONS

Function From To Post Office 2004 2009 Post office reportedly relocating in 2009.

Other 1997 2009 Offices - public & private Courthouse 1931 1997 Post Office 1931 1984

HISTORIC DOCUMENTATION

HSR: 0 HABS/HAER: HABS - OR134

BER: 01-JAN-93 Map on File: No

AWARDS

Citation Date

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The U. S. Courthouse, located at 620 SW Main in Portland was known also as the "New Courthouse" to distinguish it from the Pioneer Courthouse, until the Hatfield Courthouse was built in the 1990s. In 1989, the courthouse was given its current name to honor Gus J. Solomon, a judge who served the U.S. District Court for 37 years. Judge Solomon was appointed by President Harry Truman in 1949. It is significant because of its urban presence in the city, and as a characteristic example of Neo-classical federal courthouse design. The building is also a exemplary work by noteworthy Portland architect Morris H. Whitehouse.

Designed in 1929 - 1931, and constructed in 1932 - 1933, the building's monumental shape made it a dominant, impressive form in the city's downtown. The design and the fine materials used in its construction -- Wilkeson sandstone, terra cotta, Page 2 of 8History and Documentation

Mt. Nebo marble, and bronze decorative elements, grills, hardware, light fixtures, entry and elevator doors -- were described in a contemporary newspaper account as contributing to the building which was characterized as "a symbol of Portland's progress," and "the most handsome of the five federal buildings in the City" in 1933.

The building's designer, native Portland architect Morris H. Whitehouse, is well known for other landmark buildings that he designed in the city, including the Sixth Church of Christ Scientist, the Columbia Gorge Hotel, the 1913 University Club and the Multnomah Athletic Club (all of which are extant). Whitehouse was educated in Portland, and at MIT. He was a member of the American Academy in Rome and also served as the president of the Oregon Chapter of the A.I.A.

Whitehouse developed the plans for the courthouse from directives formulated by federal agencies. J.H. De Sibour of Washington, D.C., was the consulting architect, and J.A. Wetmore was the Treasury Department's Supervising Architect.

The downtown Portland Post Office was originally located at the basement and first floor of the eight storey building. It was removed in 1984 and reestablished in 2004 after the Pioneer Courthouse renovations. Reportedly, the post office is relocating to another buidling in 2009. The Solomon Courthouse retains most of its original character. The exterior elevations, foyers, lobby space, three historic courtrooms and their upper floor lobbies, and many of the stairways and public corridors on the upper floors have been well maintained. Infill and renovation of the post office spaces and changes to the lobby have been done in a sensitive or discrete manner. The building remains as it was described in a 1933 Oregonian article, "looming, immense and impressive."

PHYSICAL HISTORY

See architectural description.

Page 3 of 8History and Documentation

GSA PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE

BPP

Section 3 of 4

07/01/2009

HISTORY AND DOCUMENTATION

Gus J. Solomon U.S. Courthouse Building Number: OR0023ZZ 620 SW Main Street Architect: Morris H. Whitehouse Portland, OR 97204 Construction Date: 1932 - 1933

ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION

The Solomon Courthouse is located on a full, 200' x 200' city block, bounded by S.W. Broadway Street on the west, Madison Street on the south, 6th Avenue on the east and Main Street on the north. The site slopes from a highpoint on the southwest corner 21' down to the northeast corner. On the east and west sides, 18' wide planting strips with granite curbs and sandstone site walls separate the exterior mass of the building from the street. The north side, which was originally the principle facade and entry to the downtown Post Office and the Courthouse, is set back 28' from the sidewalk. This exterior fence wall contains two semicircular recesses with flagpoles, and landscaped areas symmetrically arranged to either side of a broad flight of stairs. These stairs lead up to three pairs of bronze doors that provide entry to the building. The south side is set back 8' from the sidewalk. Heavy stone balustrades with painted pipe railings define the site and the building, and also serve to separate the landscaped, planting strips and lightwells from the sidewalks.

The main facade is divided vertically into three parts. The base extends to a string course at the first floor level and to a second string course above the second floor. The six upper stories form a shaft that extends to an entabulature which encloses the eighth story and attic. Original, exterior materials include Wilkeson sandstone (from Washington State), which is used for 5" masonry veneer and carved details, granite curbs, steel pipe guardrails, bronze handrails and window frames, bronze and iron grilles, bronze and glass entry doors, divided steel casement windows, and a terra cotta frieze. Features of the Neoclassical composition include solid end bays with fluted pilasters between the windows, banded rustication at the first and second stories and carved stone garland surrounds at the doors. A Deco-style eagle is located above three pairs of centered doors at the north entry. The building structure is a steel frame with reinforced concrete floor and roof slabs, and 13" thick unreinforced masonry exterior walls at the perimeter and light court. The concrete floors are framed with steel beams supported by steel trusses or girders. Unreinforced hollow clay tile partitions and non-structural metal studs provide walls within the interior. The structural bays -- 11 along the north and south elevations and 10 bays on the east and west --are defined by alternating vertical bands of sandstone masonry veneer and steel sash windows which reflect the rational design of the steel structural frame.

A 65' x 78' light court is located at the building's core above the full footprint of the first floor. The lightwell walls are clad with unreinforced white brick and contain double-hung, painted wood windows. As with the exterior walls, the materials of the light court are original. The original skylit light court roof was removed in 1984 and replaced with a membrane roof and mechanical equipment was installed.

Originally a service vehicle entry at a 38' wide opening at the south side led from Madison Street to the basement trucking area and mailing platform. This space was infilled during an extensive renovation project in 1984 to provide for additional judicial chambers. During the same renovation project, the primary, north entry was locked for greater security. A level, handicap-accessible entry on the west side was designated the main, public entry to the first floor lobby. HVAC changes included a large mechancial penthouse addition at the north side of the roof. Few other changes have occurred on the exterior to effect the appearance of the Solomon Courthouse. After 1993, the non-original courts and associated spaces were removed from the first floor and replaced with GSA offices. The north entry was reinstituted as the main entry.

The basement contains rooms for storage, service spaces for staff use and the building's mechancial and electrical rooms.

Finishes are simple and original: painted concrete floors, plaster and hollow clay tile walls, and plaster ceilings. Original dressing rooms for postal employees' use have been removed and replaced with a staff break room (unused and empty), locker/shower rooms, and exercise rooms. However, the basement retains its original, utilitarian, and non-public character.

The first floor of the courthouse originally contained the downtown Portland Post Office with its 125' x 25', marble-clad lobby. Service windows and rooms were arranged around this lobby: a stamp sales room to the west of the north foyer and money order room to the east. A large, skylit work room was located south of the lobby below the light court. Panels containing numerous bronze and glass lock boxes with tall glazed windows separated the work room from the lobby. The post office functions were removed, and these spaces renovated for courthouse use during the 1984 renovation project.

However, the public spaces, and fine interior materials and decorative elements in the public foyers and lobby areas were preserved. These include Pink Kasota Fleuri marble walls, Red and Brown Nebo Golden Travis floors, bronze and glass doors and decorative plaster cornice and ceilings. The post office lobby's bronze and glass lockboxes and service windows, and cast bronze writing desks have been maintained; the glass of the windows was changed to mirrors. Original postal service work areas were more modestly finished with plaster walls and lineoleum floors which have been replaced. The removal of the post office resulted in new renovated spaces off the first floor lobby: conference and waiting rooms and new judicial chambers, offices, and two new courtrooms. These non-original spaces were removed after 1993 and replaced with GSA offices. In 2004, the post office was reinstalled at the first floor in northwest corner off the main lobby.

Elevators with bronze doors and cabs, and marble stairways lead from the first floor lobby to adjacent floors. Above the

Page 4 of 8History and Documentation second floor, the stairs are more utilitarian with steel treads and risers and newer bronze rails. The two public elevators are located opposite one another at the east and west ends of the north side of the building (northeast and northwest corners).

These are linked with a main double-loaded corridor on the upper floors. Public restrooms are located near these elevators.

These rooms retain much of their original character with lounge vestibules, French Pink Tennessee marble wainscotting, ceramic tile floors, and in many places original fixtures and accessories.

At the upper floors single and double-loaded corridors lead around the east, west and south sides of the open light court to offices, courtrooms and judicial chambers. Corridor floors were constructed originally of terrazzo. Typically, these have been covered by carpet, but the marble base and the marble window sills remain preserved and exposed. Original interior elements remaining at most upper floor corridors include painted plaster walls, cornice and ceilings, stained wood cove moulding and base, and ceiling-hung incandescent light fixtures. Many of the light fixtures were designed specifically for the building while the rest were specified from the federal schedule. Most of the original light fixtures are intact and functioning.

They should remain so. Some fluorescent light fixtures were later added. Stained and varnished wood, panel-type doors and transom windows were provided originally and most of these remain. Many portions of the upper floor corridors are original in terms of finishes and details, but only those on the third and sixth floors are continuous on all four sides of the building as originally designed.

A large Law Library was installed at the east side of the second floor which incorporated some of the public corridor and of original office spaces. After 1993, the law library was removed and replaced with offices and corridors. The fourth floor plan was modified to serve the U.S. Marshall's with new offices. With this renovation, the public corridor on the east side of this floor was closed to provide increased security between the security elevator on the south side and the jail facilities on the north side. After 1993, the Marshall's space and cells were removed and replaced with offices and corridors.

The most impressive and significant of the interior spaces above the first floor lobby are the District Courtrooms on the sixth floor, in this report referred to as the east and west courtrooms (formerly No. 61 and 62), and the original lobby and Court of Appeals on the seventh floor, referred to as the north courtroom (formerly Courtroom No. 71). The east and west courtrooms (Courtrooms No. 61 and 62) are similar. Both are multi-storied and 24'-4" in height. They occupy nearly 80' of the east and west sides of the building. Interior materials include Brown Nebo Golden Travis marble base, trim, and clock faces, tall, panel-type doors, and oak wall panels, trim, window reveals, railing, clerk's and judge's benches, jury platforms and steps. Plaster ceilings are made of painted, ornamental coffers. Plaster walls contain ornate, original bronze heating grilles. The double pairs of public doors leading into each court room are clad in pig-skin leather and decorated with large brass tacks. The doors leading to the judges chambers to the south are each surrounded by Corinthian pilasters and a segmented pediment. The judge's bench is flanked by Corinthian columns made of stained oak with similar pilasters. These support an entablature with modillions which are reflected in the plaster rosettes of the ceiling coffers. Six, original, custom glass and bronze lamps are suspended from the ceiling. Floor-to-ceiling windows are open to the exterior and covered with non-original drapes.

Non-original features of these courtrooms include wood panel-covered acoustic treatment at the windows, fabric wrapped acoustic panels at the walls and ceiling, recessed fluorescent light panels and HID lamps in the suspended ceiling fixtures, indirect lighting behind the bench, and carpet which is installed over portions of the original, checker-patterned rubber tile floor. Although the east and west courtrooms (Courtrooms No. 61 and 62) have been modified, most changes have been sensitive and most of the original details and materials retained. Because the courtrooms are so intact, several movies have been filmed there.

The original Court of Appeals or north court (formerly Courtroom No. 71) is located off a marble-clad corridor lobby on the north side of the Seventh Floor. This 15'-6" high space extends into the eighth floor attic. Rubber tile floors; marble base;

cherry wood panel walls, cornice, window reveals, rails, judge's bench, jury platform and stairs; and ornamental plaster characterize this room. Entry doors off the corridor lobby are original and clad with pig-skin leather decorated with large brass tacks. Pairs of Roman Doric pilasters flank the large, wood panel door to the judge's chambers behind the bench. A carved wood eagle is mounted at the top of the broken pediment over this door. A heavy-scaled, carved wood cornice with modillions completes the entablature at the ceiling. Four, original, bronze and glass suspended lighting fixtures complete the original design. Changes to this courtroom have been for the most part minimal, and the original finishes are in relatively good condition. Non-original changes include carpet, window drapes, bronze heating grilles at the wood wall panels, flush fluorescent ceiling lights, and acoustic ceiling panels. As with the east and west courthrooms (No. 61 and No.

62), the north courthroom (No. 71) retains its historic grandeur and impressive sense of formality and tradition.

In summary, several changes have taken place since 1993. These changes are as follows. At the first floor the non-original courtrooms and judicial spaces were removed and replaced with GSA offices and corridors. At the second floor, the library was removed and replaced with offices and corridors. At the third floor, the judicial chambers were converted to offices. At the fourth floor, the Marshall's space and cells were removed and replaced with offices. At the fifth floor the non-original courtroom and judicial spaces were removed and replaced with offices and corridors. At the sixth floor, the judges library was divided into two rooms. At the seventh floor, the non-original courtroom and jury spaces were removed and replaced with offices. This change is not reflected in the current building drawings. A 2009 project for courtroom preservation is planned to restore the historic wood in the courtrooms with beeswax and finish.

Despite these changes, the Gus Solomon retains a high degree of original materials, character, and integrity. It is one of the most intact federal courthouses in the northwest region, especially considering that it no longer funtions as a courthouse but rather as a post office and public and private offices. It is a significant property.

CONSTRUCTION HISTORY

Begun Finished Cost Designer Discipline Description

Page 5 of 8History and Documentation

1932 1933 $1,950,000.00 Morris H. Whitehouse Architect Original Construction

1967 $0.00 Thomas E. Taylor Mech.

Engineer Engineer AC Remodel

1979 $0.00 SERA Architect Handicap Renovation

1983 $0.00 Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Architect New Snack Bar and Dressing Rooms

1984 1984 $0.00 Post Office relocates to another location.

1984 1985 $0.00 Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Architect US Courthouse Alterations and Improvements

1984 $0.00 Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Architect Grand Jury and Library Remodel

1986 1987 $0.00 Wilson Bryant Gunderson Seider Architect Alterations and Improvements

1992 1992 $0.00 Judges chambers installed on 3.

1993 2004 $0.00 Non-original court/chambers/library/cells removed @ 1-7 offices installed

1997 1997 $0.00 District Court moved from Solomon to Hatfield Courthouse

1999 1999 $0.00 4th floor corridors & partitions modified. Jail removed.

2004 2004 $0.00 Post office moved back into Gus Solomon on the 1st floor in the NW corner.

2004 2004 $0.00 Exterior Cleaning of Fence & Lower Stone

2006 2006 $0.00 Exterior renovations.

INSPECTIONS

Date Inspector Name Position Firm Phone Notes

10/09/1992 C.Keyser; S.Doyle;

R.Lawrence

Intern Architect;

Partner; Proj.

Architect

Boyle Wagoner Architects (206) 382-9651

The Gus Solomon Federal Courthouse was evaluated for continued use as a courthouse with courtrooms and offices for court-related agencies. The Stage 1 Report was reviewed with George McMath of McMath, of Hawkins, Dortignacq, a Portland preservation architect.

CAD drawings were provided by CNJJ Architects, Seattle.

05/18/2007 Architect Hennebery Eddy Architects 5032274860

GSA Gus Solomon Courthouse Exterior Conservator Survey Partial Exterior Survey Report

05/11/2007 Architect Hennebery Eddy Architects (503)227-4860

GSA - Gus Solomon Courthouse Conservator Report, Courtroom Woodwork & Lighting Controls

03/05/1986 Al Staehli Al Staehli

Architectural Conservator Report & Recommendations on Exterior Masonry & Bronze Cleaning

Page 6 of 8History and Documentation

Restoration & Interior Finishes Preservation & Restoration

02/09/2009 Amie Anderson Historic Preservationist

Hennebery Eddy Architects 5032274860

An update to the Gus Solomon BPP was conducted in the spring of 2009.

Page 7 of 8History and Documentation

GSA PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE

BPP

Section 4 of 4

07/01/2009

HISTORY AND DOCUMENTATION

Gus J. Solomon U.S. Courthouse Building Number: OR0023ZZ 620 SW Main Street Architect: Morris H. Whitehouse Portland, OR 97204 Construction Date: 1932 - 1933

SOURCES SUMMARY

Type Title Date DocID Location Drawings New Snack Bar and Dressing Rooms 12/01/1982 OR962156 GSA Region 10 D&C Library, Auburn, WA 98002

Drawings US Courthouse Alterations and Renovations

10/01/1992 ROR21459 GSA Region 10 D&C Library, Auburn, WA 98002

Drawings Original Plans, Sections, Elevations 10/01/1931 N/A GSA Region 10 D&C Library, Auburn, WA 98002

Drawings US Courthouse Alterations and Improvements

07/01/1983 10R96216 GSA Region 10 D&C Library, Auburn, WA 98002

Drawings US Courthouse Alterations and Improvements

06/01/1986 10R9627 GSA Region 10 D&C Library, Auburn, WA 98002

Drawings US Courthouse Room Assignment 06/01/1984 N/A GSA Field Office, Portland, Oregon, 97204

Drawings US Courthouse Handicap Renovation

06/01/1979 ROR86340 GSA Region 10 D&C Library, Auburn, WA 98002

Drawings US Courthouse Space Modifications 05/01/1978 ROR77466 GSA Region 10 D&C Library, Auburn, WA 98002

Publications/Articles New Federal Courtrooms Officially Opens

07/01/1932 N/A Oregon Public Library, Portland, Oregon 97204

Report Roof Evaluation Report 12/01/2006 Report HSR, US Courthouse (New), Portland, Oregon 07/01/1979 N/A GSA Region 10 Planning Library, Auburn, WA 98002 Report National Register of Historic Places

Inventory Nomination 07/01/1978 N/A GSA Region 10 Planning Library, Auburn, WA 98002 Report Gus Solomon Courthouse

Conservator Report Courtroom Woodwork & Lighting

05/11/2007

Report Gus Solomon Courthouse Exterior Conservator Survey Report

05/08/2007

Report Historic Building Preservation Plan The Solomon Courthouse

04/15/1993 Portland, Oregon

Report Seismic Evaluation & Upgrade Concepts (SER), Solomon Courth.

04/01/1992 ZOR72275 GSA Region 9 D&C Library, San Francisco, CA 94105

Report Architectural Conservator Report- Exterior & Interior Restoration

03/05/1986

Report US Courthouse (New), Site Survey Report

03/01/1986 IOR96217 GSA Region 10 D&C Library, Auburn, WA 98002

Report Existing Condition Report (ECR) 01/01/1993 N/A GSA Region 10 D&C, Auburn, WA 98001-6599

Page 8 of 8History and Documentation national register listings

GSA PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE

BPP

07/02/2009

National Register Listings

Region Building Number Building Name Address City State Zip

Code National Register Designation

National Register Number

10 OR0023ZZ Gus J. Solomon U.S.

Courthouse 620 SW Main Street Portland OR 97204 2. NR Listed 79002142

Page 1 of 1National Register Listings

7/2/2009http://sunprdapp07.pbs.gsa.gov:7777/reports/NationalRegisterListing.jsp historic inventory by region

GSA PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE

Historic Inventory by Region

Number

Building Name Address City State Zip

Code Construction Date Architect Style

National Register Designation

10 OR0023ZZ Gus J. Solomon U.S. Courthouse

620 SW Main Street Portland OR 97204 1932 - 1933 Morris H.

Whitehouse

NEO-

CLASSICAL

REVIVAL

2. NR Listed

Page 1 of 1Historic Inventory by Region

7/2/2009http://sunprdapp07.pbs.gsa.gov:7777/reports/NationalHistoricInventory.jsp inspections

GSA PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE

Inspections

Number Building Name Address City State Zip

Code Inspection Date Inspector Name Firm

10 OR0023ZZ Gus J. Solomon U.S.

Courthouse

620 SW Main Street Portland OR 97204 05/11/2007

Hennebery Eddy Architects

10 OR0023ZZ Gus J. Solomon U.S.

Courthouse

620 SW Main Street Portland OR 97204 05/18/2007

Hennebery Eddy Architects

10 OR0023ZZ Gus J. Solomon U.S.

Courthouse

620 SW Main Street Portland OR 97204 03/05/1986 Al Staehli Al Staehli

10 OR0023ZZ Gus J. Solomon U.S.

Courthouse

620 SW Main Street Portland OR 97204 10/09/1992 C.Keyser; S.Doyle;

R.Lawrence

Boyle Wagoner Architects

10 OR0023ZZ Gus J. Solomon U.S.

Courthouse

620 SW Main Street Portland OR 97204 02/09/2009 Amie Anderson

Hennebery Eddy Architects

Page 1 of 1Inspections

7/2/2009http://sunprdapp07.pbs.gsa.gov:7777/reports/Inspections.jsp zones analysis & treatment

GSA PUBLIC BUILDINGS SERVICE

Space 1 of 10

07/01/2009

ANALYSIS & TREATMENT REPORT

Gus J. Solomon U.S. Courthouse Building Number: OR0023ZZ 620 SW Main Street Architect: Morris H. Whitehouse Portland, OR 97204 Construction Date: 1932 - 1933

Zone: 1 - Restoration

Exterior

Space Type: LIGHT COURT WALLS, & ALL ROOFS

Description:

The light court and roof help define the upper and internal massing of the courthouse building. The light court, placed above the first floor at the center of the building, measures approximately 65' by 78'. It is clad with white brick masonry and punctuated with painted, wood, double-hung windows at the second through seventh floors. At the interior face of the light court walls, original varnished wood windows serve to introduce natural light into offices, restrooms, and into the south, east and west corridor systems at the sixth and seventh floors. Daylight is also provided to the main corridor on the north side at the seventh floor which contains the lobby to the Court of Appeals. The original light court roof which was structural glass block, was removed and replaced with a membrane roof.

The main roof includes a wide parapet with terra cotta coping, and a flat roof with hip-roof skylights above Stair No. 3, and above a judicial office on the 7th floor (this latter skylight appears on the roof, but is enclosed at the ceiling below).

Service spaces on the main roof include the penthouse for the three elevators, the exit penthouse from Stair No. 5, and a large, mechanical penthouse that was added to the north side of the building in the 1980s. Clad in a light-colored metal siding the massing of this addition is minimized, but it is a contemporary and a very apparent intrusion above the entablature on the north elevation of the building. Although not indicated on the roof plan, the roof of this penthouse is also included in Zone 3B.

Recommendations:

The light court roof, walls, and windows are visible from public corridors and offices in the building. They are a major contributor to the significance and character of the building.

The light court roof materials alone are not a major contributor to the space; however, the light court roof has a significant visual impact on the space. It should be treated carefully as a restoration zone. The main, original roof is not visible from the street and is not itself a major contributor to the building. However, any changes to the roof could have a significant impact on the appearance of the building. Therefore, the main roof should be treated carefully as a restoration zone. Since the existing main roof and light court roof are not original, they would be an excellent opportunity for a green or photovoltaic roof.

The light court walls should be cleaned and repointed as needed. The wood windows at the light court should all be cleaned, repaired, and painted. The paint finish is peeling and deteriorated leaving wood exposed. The windows are in serious need of repair and painting to prevent serious damage to the windows. For more information, please see recommendations from the Exterior Conservator Survey, 18 May 2007.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition Date

EXTERIOR ROOF COVERING SINGLE-PLY

MEMBRANE 01/01/1984 4-Non-

Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

The roofing material at the top roof is a Carlisle rubber membrane type;

it is assumed the light court is similar. The light court roof has areas of pooled water and debris.

It needs to be cleaned.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR ROOF OPENING METAL-FRAMED

SKYLIGHTS 01/01/1933 1-Major

Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Original metal-framed skylights remain at the southest area of the roof; one provides light to the southeast stair. Glazing is wire glass. The light at the stair is in good condition.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR ROOF STRUCTURE STEEL FRAME 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

The roof structure at the light court is steel framing, with newer sheating over area of original glass block.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR ROOF STRUCTURE STEEL FRAME 01/01/1984 4-Non- Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

The new mechanical penthouse is a steel frame structure.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL FLASHING/TRIM SHEET METAL 01/01/1984 4-Non- Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Sheet metal flashing is provided at penthouses, parapets and coping at light court.

Repair or replace lead flashing and caulking where needed.

02/09/2009

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

EXTERIOR WALL PARAPET STRUCTURE CONCRETE 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

The structure at the light court parapet appears to be concrete.

EXTERIOR WALL PARAPET STRUCTURE TERRA COTTA MAS

UNIT 01/01/1933 1-Major

Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor The light court parapet cap is terra cotta.

Clean terra cotta tiles and repair joints.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL STRUCTURE CAST IN PLACE

CONCRETE 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

The wall structure at the original penthouses is concrete and steel frame.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL SURFACE ALUMINUM SIDING 01/01/1984 4-Non- Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Metal trim is at plaster cladding at HVAC penthouse installed in 1984.

Replace missing or damaged sections of trim.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL SURFACE BRICK VENEER 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 2-Poor 2-Serious

The light court walls consist of metal framing with light-colored, brick masonry infill in a running bond pattern. Brick is spalling and mortar is deteriorated.

Water damage is visible.

Repoint all mortar joints. Replace brick where necessary.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL SURFACE GYPSUM PLASTER 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

Gypsum plaster or exterior stucco coating is provided at original penthouse.

Rapair areas of missing and damaged stucco.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

EXTERIOR WINDOW FRAME WOOD 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 2-Poor 1-Critical

Windows at the lightcourt are wood framed, painted, double-hung, with stained interior trim, & marble sills.

Inspect windows, replace deteriorated wood sills and paint frames and sash.

Replace broken window glass and all glazing compound. At interior refinish wood sash and frames, matching original finish and stain color.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WINDOW SILL BRICK 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 2-Poor 2-Serious

Exterior sills at windows on light court walls are light colored brick masonry.

Inspect and repoint exisitng brick sills.

Match existing mortar in color and texture.

Space 2 of 10

Exterior

Space Type: SITE, EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS

The site of the Solomon Courthouse is a 200' by 200' square, downtown city block. The square building measures 163'-8" by 163'-8" (exterior dimensions) and is set within the block. The four elevations and site which make up this zone include the perimeter walls with their door and window assemblies, and the exterior spaces and elements between the elevations and the streets. The exterior elements include permieter stone fence walls with steel pipe railings, planting strips, flag poles, and a broad flight of stone steps that lead to the original, primary entry on the north side.

Each of the four facades of this Neo-classical Revival styled building are divided horizontally into three parts. The lowest part, which comprises the basement and first and second floors, is defined by a banded and rusticated stone base with string courses at the first and second floors. A shaft of six upper floors extends up to an entablature at the eighth floor and attic. The building terminates with this entablature and a terra cotta parapet above a flat roof.

Exterior materials include Wilkeson sandstone which is used in 5" veneer masonry, granite balastrades, bronze window frames and grilles, bronze entry doors, steel casement windows, and a terra cotta frieze and roof parapet coping. The structural bays of the building's steel frame can be read through to the facade with fluted stone pilasters separating the vertical bands of windows on all facades. At the north side, the end bays are solid to further enframe the classical facade composition. Bronze letters noting the building name are placed on these solid ends. Decorative details on the exterior include two, free-standing, bronze lantern-type light fixtures, carved stone door surrounds in a garland pattern at the three pairs of north entry doors, and a Deco, terra cotta eagle above the center doors. A contemporary piece of white marble, a figurative sculpture by artist Manuel Neri (1989) is mounted to the east of the north entry stairs.

The original exterior bronze light fixtures are intact and functioning. Two, free-standing, bronze lanterns are located, one on each side of the original north entry stairs. Two, wall-mounted, bronze light fixtures frame the paired doors at the west entry. A single, wall-mounted, bronze light fixture is located above the doors at the east entrance. A single, ceiling mounted, bronze light fixture is located at the doors of the south entrance. At the south elevation, an original truck access area and mailing platform was infilled. A large, contemporary window with fixed, divided lights was placed below the original, low stone arch opening at this infill near the east end of the building. A new base and stone balustrade were placed below and in front of the window, made up by similar and salvaged, original materials to match the material and detail of the adjacent, original building fabric.

A mechanical penthouse was placed at the roof in 1984, abutting the parapet on the north side of the building. Covered in metal siding, this penthouse is unfortunately very visible.

Because of its visual impact, the exterior of the penthouse is included with the roof as Zone 2. See the roof section for penthouse information.

It is recommended that the exterior stone be cleaned; the damaged stone be repaired; and deteriorated mortar joints be repaired. For more details, please see the Exterior Conservator Study, 18 May 2007.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

EXTERIOR STAIR/RAMP RAILING BRONZE/BRASS/COPPER 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor Bronze, ornamental handrail.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR STAIR/RAMP RAILING IRON 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

Painted, 6" dia.

cast railing with ornamental, cast steel supports at low wall; some pitting, rusting, and flaking paint present.

Prep and remove all rust prior to painting. Clean and repaint handrail with a UV-resistant topcoat.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR STAIR/RAMP SURFACE OTHER 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Sandstone stair surface at original north entry.

Clean stone and regrout joints using a compatible colored grout. Hone spalled areas.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR STORM WINDOW SASH IRON 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Painted cast iron grille with finials located at the basement windows.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL FLASHING/TRIM SANDSTONE 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

Sandstone trim at window and typical door openings.

Clean trim at openings as part of an overall exterior cleaning. Use pretested methods, low pressure wash, and least harsh cleaning agents.

Scaffolding included in Element No. 2108-1A.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL FLASHING/TRIM SHEET METAL 01/01/1933 4-Non- Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Painted lead sheet flashing at parapet below the first course of stone.

06/08/2009

EXTERIOR WALL ORNAMENT CARVED STONE

SCULPTURE 01/01/1933 1-Major

Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

Carved stone eagle above original entry.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

EXTERIOR WALL ORNAMENT METAL CASTING 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

Original, cast bronze and opaque glass ornamental lanterns, surface-mounted at secondary entries on east, west and south sides.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL ORNAMENT METAL CASTING 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

5' h, pedestal-mounted bronze lanterns at north entry with translucent glass inserts.

Preserve and maintain. 02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL PARAPET SURFACE METALLIC LAMINATES 01/01/1933 3-Minor Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

Copper flashing above projecting cornice and lead flashing at inside face of parapet.

Inspect flashing;

replace deteriorated material and reattach uplifted material.

05/04/2009

EXTERIOR WALL PARAPET SURFACE OTHER 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Terra cotta parapet w/ornamental finials above the frieze, warm beige colored.

Clean terra cotta as part of an overall exterior cleaning.

Use pretested methods, low pressure wash, and least harsh cleaning agents. Joints should be inspected and regrouted as necessary.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL STRUCTURE CAST IN PLACE

CONCRETE 01/01/1933 3-Minor

Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

The foundation consists of cast reinforced concrete walls and footings.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

EXTERIOR WALL SURFACE SANDSTONE 04/05/1993 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

Sandstone base below the watertable trim, exposed to water at grade. 5" sandstone block veneer wall cladding, and fluted pilasters at exterior surface all elevations. The south side and the beltcourse are in the worst condition.Spalling, delamination, and deteriorated mortar joints are present.

Clean and repair sandstone and repoint joints. 1/2 of the building was cleaned and spalls were ground in 2004.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL SURFACE TERRA COTTA 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 2-Serious

Terra cotta decorative frieze and cornice with some areas stained due to leaking from above and weather.

Inspect and clean terra cotta frieze and cornice using pretested methods, low pressure wash and least harsh cleaning agents.

EXTERIOR WALL WATERPROOFING OTHER 01/01/1984 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Caulking at masonry joints at terra cotta perimeter roof parapet wall.

Remove and replace all deteriorated caulking as a part of a comprehensive repair.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WALL WATERPROOFING OTHER 04/05/1993 4-Non- Contributor 2-Poor 2-Serious

Caulking at masonry joints at terra cotta perimeter roof parapet wall.

Remove and replace all deteriorated caulking as a part of a comprehensive repair.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WINDOW FRAME ALUMINUM 01/01/1984 3-Minor Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

New, divided window, designed to match original steel sash.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

EXTERIOR WINDOW GLAZING OTHER 01/01/1984 4-Non- Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Security, laminated glazing with metal frames are provided at select windows of what were 1st floor judicial chambers.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WINDOW SASH CASEMENT STEEL 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Steel, divided light windows with operable casement and awning sections with clear glass.

The first level has bronze grills; the upper floors have transoms.

Consider replacing glass with on the south side with Low-E coated glass.

Laminated safety glass eliminates the need for Low-E glazing. Window frames should be painted, and bronze grilles restored.New glazing or coating shall not change appearance of the existing clear glass.

Prep and repaint windows on the exterior.

02/09/2009

EXTERIOR WINDOW SILL SANDSTONE 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Sandstone window sills show stains and organic growth.

Clean sills as part of an overall exterior cleaning.

Use pretested methods, low pressure wash, and the least harsh cleaning agents.

SITE SITE FURNISHING OTHER SEE DESCRIPTION 01/01/1989 3-Minor Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Marble scultpures flank the main north stairs. They are not original but they are a modern contributor to the character of the space.

03/02/2009

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

SITE SITE FURNISHING OTHER SEE DESCRIPTION 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Flagpoles at north side ea. w/ a 2' high carved sandstone pedestal, bronze ornamental base & eagle and 30' steel shaft.

Space 3 of 10

Interior

Space Type: FORMER JUDGE'S CHAMBERS 6TH & 7TH FLOOR

Several rooms of the judicial chambers associated with the 6th floor east courtroom and the 7th floor north courtroom retain the spatial qualities of the original Court of Appeals judge's chambers and many of the original finishes and features. Critical to the functioning and understanding of the courtrooms are these chambers which includes a suite of rooms: a judge's office, reception room, clerks' office, judge's library, and a robing space linked to the raised bench within the courtroom. On the 6th floor, the judge's office and library retain a high level of historic materials and are zone 1. On the seventh floor, the judges library retains a high level of materials and is zone 1.

The finish materials in this judge's chambers include painted plaster walls and ceilings, some of which are covered with fabric. Trim includes stained wood base, cove moulding, wood wainscot and picture rails. Exterior windows retain the original marble sills. The sixth floor judges office is the only one in the building that retains the original decorative bronze pendant and wall light fixtures. Formerly, Gus Solomon's chambers.

The judical libraries on the sixth and seventh floors contain floor-to-ceiling bookcases with bronze-leaded glass doors. A rolling wood ladder and bronze railing access the upper bookcases. Although these rooms have been modified they retain the spatial qualities and traditional finishes of the courthouse. Modifications include dividing the 6th floor library into two rooms and adding non-original acoustic panel ceilings and fabric covered walls.

In 1989, the courthouse was given its current name to honor Gus J. Solomon, a judge who served the U.S. District Court for 37 years - longer than any other judge in Oregon.

Judge Solomon was appointed to his position by President Harry Truman in 1949. Judge Solomon's chambers were located in the southeast corner judge's chambers on the 6th floor of Gus Solomon.

These are significant spaces and every effort should be made to retain their unique and significant character and materials.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

INTERIOR CEILING TRIM WOOD 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Stained wood cove moulding is typical in offices and chambers.

INTERIOR DOOR FRAME WOOD 01/01/1993 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Stained wood doors frames are typical.

INTERIOR DOOR LEAF SWINGING WOOD PANELED 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Stained, panel-type original, and bi-fold closet, panel-type doors.

02/09/2009

INTERIOR DOOR TRIM WOOD 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Stained wood trim is typical at both sides of each door.

INTERIOR FLOOR SURFACE/COVER CARPETING 01/01/1984 4-Non- Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Carpeting is provided at judge's offices including stairs to Courtroom.

INTERIOR FURNISHINGS SEE DESCRIPTION SEE DESCRIPTION 01/01/1993 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Casework in judge's office includes low cabinets with panel doors.

INTERIOR FURNISHINGS SEE DESCRIPTION SEE DESCRIPTION 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Library bookcases are full height, with glass doors and bronze/wood, rolling access ladder on metal track.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

INTERIOR FURNISHINGS SEE DESCRIPTION SEE DESCRIPTION 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Original electric clocks with bronze housing have been retained.

INTERIOR WALL FINISH/COVERING WALLPAPER 01/01/1984 4-Non- Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Plaster wall surface is covered with fabric wallpaper.

Remove wallpaper and restore original painted plaster finish at walls above wood wainscot. Protect adjacent finishes.

INTERIOR WALL SURFACE PORTLAND

CEMENT PLASTER 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Painted plaster walls;

some are behind cabinets and built-in furniture.

INTERIOR WALL SURFACE WOOD 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Stained wood paneling is provided as low wainscotting in offices and

INTERIOR WALL TRIM WOOD 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Stained wood base is provided in offices and

EXTERIOR/INTERIOR ELECTRICAL

SYSTEM

INCANDESCENT

FIXTURE SEE DESCRIPTION 01/01/1933 1-Major

Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Ceiling-mounted, cast bronze and globe type fixtures.

Space 4 of 10

Space Type: MAIN LOBBY, FOYERS, STAIRS (B-2) & ELEVATORS

The original and current main lobby of the Solomon Courthouse is a 125' x 25' space located on the north side of the first floor. It is linked to the exterior by an entry foyer and stairs from the basement, and two entry foyers at the first floor, one at the north and one at the west. The west foyer has been designated the current, secure entry. The north foyer was the main entry to the courthouse and to the post office that was originally located at the first floor. Foyers and the lobby space are clad with Pink Kasota Fleuri marble walls, and Red and Brown Nebo Golden Travis floors. Ceilings are decorative plaster with coffers and cornices. At the main lobby are remnants of the former post office: four cast bronze writing desks, bronze service windows and signage, and banks of non-operating, bronze and mirrored glass lock boxes. Doors are made of bronze with brass fittings. Other decorative elements in the main lobby and foyers include original signage, bronze directories, and clocks.

Illumination is provided by original, suspended, bronze and glass lanterns custom designed for the building. Supplemental lighting includes non-original incandescent lamps and indirect fluorescent lamps. The double height bronze and glass entrance walls (storefront) provide significant daylight to the lobby. The windows and the bronze doors throughout the lobby and entrance are framed by decorative bronze surrounds, detailed with classical patterns.

Stairs leading from the first floor lobby to the two adjacent floors are marble-clad. The orginal marble stair treads and risers have been covered with black, raised rubber slip-resistant flooring. The stairs are held back from the double-height, east and west exterior windows by recesses and bronze handrails.

Two public elevators located at the northeast and northwest corners of the building link the main lobby to corridors and lobbies on the upper floors. These elevators have center-operating, bronze doors with recessed decorative panels and decorative bronze surrounds and hardware. At the upper floors of the courthouse the main east-west corridors on the north side of the building link the two, public elevators. Floors 3-5 require card access from the stairs and elevators. A single elevator on the south side of the building is used as the freight elevator. Keyed operation allows for access via this elevator to other floors but it is not open to the public. The elevator is characterized by painted metal surrounds and doors, and simple, utilitarian interior finishes in contrast to the two public elevators.

Retain, preserve, and maintain all historic materials and features. It would be optimal to retain as many original functions as possible in the building, including the post office.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

INTERIOR DOOR LEAF SWINGING BRONZE/BRASS 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Cast bronze, flush and panel-type doors with glazed relights are typical at the main lobby and foyers.

02/09/2009

INTERIOR DOOR LEAF SWINGING BRONZE/BRASS 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Cast bronze/glass decorative storefronts approx. 10' x 18' ea. are located between the lobby & foyer.

06/08/2009

INTERIOR DOOR LEAF SWINGING SEE DESCRIPTION 01/01/1984 4-Non- Contributor 4-Good 3-Minor

New glass doors lead from the south side of the lobby to the office spaces.

INTERIOR DOOR LEAF SWINGING STEEL 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Bronze-clad, steel doors are used at service spaces off the main lobby. It is unknown if these are original. They are in keeping with the historic character of the building.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

INTERIOR FLOOR SURFACE/COVER MARBLE 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

The basement east vestibule and elevator lobby have marble flooring with a marble edge detail. Some wear, cracks, and chips are present in the marble.

02/09/2009

INTERIOR FLOOR SURFACE/COVER MARBLE 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

The foyers and main lobby floors are surfaced with red and brown Nebo Golden Travis marble laid w/ an edge strip.

The floors should be polished, and in the future polishing should occur in accordance with a cyclical maintenance schedule.

02/09/2009

INTERIOR FLOOR SURFACE/COVER MARBLE 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

The marble floor at the west foyer is soiled, chipped and areas are covered with non-skid matting.

02/09/2009

INTERIOR FURNISHINGS SEE DESCRIPTION SEE DESCRIPTION 01/01/1933 1-Major Contributor 3-Fair 3-Minor

Original bronze writing desks with incandescent, integral light fixtures, steel frame and black bakelite surface remain at the lobby.

Location Assembly Element Material Date Significance Rank Urgency Description Recommendation Condition Condition

INTERIOR FURNISHINGS SEE DESCRIPTION SEE DESCRIPTION 01/01/1933 2-Contributor 3-Fair…