23 07 00 - Thermal Insulation for Mechanical Systems.pdf

KRSM 072115 Catwalks to Overhead HVAC, Building 238 Hill AFB, Utah

THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 23 07 00-1

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 23 - HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING

SECTION 23 07 00

THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

04/08

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 General

1.2.2 Surface Burning Characteristics

1.2.3 Recycled Materials

1.3 SUBMITTALS

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 STANDARD PRODUCTS

2.2 MATERIALS

2.2.1 Adhesives

2.2.1.1 Acoustical Lining Insulation Adhesive

2.2.1.2 Lagging Adhesive

2.2.2 Contact Adhesive

2.2.3 Caulking

2.2.4 Fibrous Glass Cloth and Glass Tape

2.2.5 Staples

2.2.6 Jackets

2.2.6.1 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Jackets

2.2.6.2 White Vapor Retarder All Service Jacket (ASJ)

2.2.6.3 Vapor Retarder/Vapor Barrier Mastic Coatings

2.2.6.4 Laminated Film Vapor Retarder

2.2.6.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC) Film Vapor Retarder

2.2.6.6 Polyvinylidene Chloride Vapor Retarder Adhesive Tape

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2.2.6.7 Vapor Barrier

2.2.7 Vapor Retarder Not Required

2.2.8 Wire

2.2.9 Insulation Bands

2.2.10 Sealants

2.3 PIPE INSULATION SYSTEMS

2.3.1 Aboveground Hot Pipeline (Above 16 deg. C 60 deg. F)

2.4 DUCT INSULATION SYSTEMS

2.4.1 Duct Insulation

2.4.1.1 Rigid Insulation

2.4.1.2 Blanket Insulation

2.4.2 Acoustical Duct Lining

2.4.3 Duct Insulation Jackets

2.4.3.1 All-Purpose Jacket

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 APPLICATION - GENERAL

3.1.1 Installation

3.1.2 Welding

3.1.3 Pipes/Ducts/Equipment which Require Insulation

3.2 PIPE INSULATION SYSTEMS INSTALLATION

3.2.1 Pipe Insulation

3.2.1.1 General

3.2.1.2 Pipes Passing Through Hangers

3.2.1.3 Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Pipe Insulation

3.2.1.4 Pipe Insulation Material and Thickness

3.2.2 Aboveground Hot Pipelines

3.2.2.1 General Requirements

3.2.2.2 Insulation for Fittings and Accessories

3.3 DUCT INSULATION SYSTEMS INSTALLATION

3.3.1 Duct Insulation Thickness

3.3.2 Insulation and Vapor Retarder/Vapor Barrier for Cold Air Duct

THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 23 07 00-3

3.3.2.1 Installation on Concealed Duct

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 23 07 00-4

SECTION 23 07 00

THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

04/08

PART 1 GENERAL

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only. At the discretion of the Government, the manufacturer of any material supplied will be required to furnish test reports pertaining to any of the tests necessary to assure compliance with the standard or standards referenced in this specification.

1.1 REFERENCES

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS

(ASHRAE)

ASHRAE 90.1 - IP (2007; Supplement 2008; Errata 2009; Errata 2009) Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, I-P Edition

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A 580/A 580M (2008) Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire

ASTM C 1126 (2004) Standard Specification for Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular Phenolic Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 1136 (2008) Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 1290 (2006e1) Standard Specification for Flexible Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation Used to Externally Insulate HVAC Ducts

ASTM C 1427 (2007) Specification for Preformed Flexible Cellular Polyolefin Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form

ASTM C 533 (2007) Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 534/C 534M (2008) Standard Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular Form

ASTM C 547 (2008e1) Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe Insulation

ASTM C 552 (2007) Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 591 (2008a) Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 610 (2007) Standard Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation

ASTM C 795 (2008) Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel

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ASTM C 920 (2008) Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants

ASTM C 921 (2003a) Standard Practice for Determining the Properties of Jacketing Materials for Thermal Insulation

ASTM D 774/D 774M (1997; R 2007) Bursting Strength of Paper

ASTM D 882 (2009) Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting

ASTM E 2231 (2007a) Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics

ASTM E 84 (2009) Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

ASTM E 96/E 96M (2005) Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials

MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTINGS

INDUSTRY (MSS)

MSS SP-69 (2003; R 2004) Standard for Pipe Hangers and Supports - Selection and Application

MIDWEST INSULATION CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION (MICA)

MICA Insulation Stds (1999) National Commercial & Industrial Insulation Standards

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA 255 (2005; Errata 2006) Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)

MIL-A-3316 (Rev C; Am 2) Adhesives, Fire-Resistant, Thermal Insulation

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)

UL 723 (2008) Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials

1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 General

Provide field-applied insulation and accessories on mechanical systems as specified herein;

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factory-applied insulation is specified under the piping, or duct to be insulated.

1.2.2 Surface Burning Characteristics

Unless otherwise specified, insulation shall have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.

Flame spread, and smoke developed indexes, shall be determined by ASTM E 84, NFPA 255 or UL 723. Insulation shall be tested in the same density and installed thickness as the material to be used in the actual construction. Test specimens shall be prepared and mounted according to ASTM E 2231. Insulation materials located exterior to the building perimeter are not required to be fire rated.

1.2.3 Recycled Materials

Provide thermal insulation containing recycled materials to the extent practicable, provided that the materials meets all other requirements of this section. The minimum recycled material content of the following insulation are:

Rock Wool - 75 percent slag of weight

Fiberglass - 20-25 percent glass cullet by weight Rigid Foam

- 9 percent recovered material

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 00 00:

Submit the three SD types, SD-02 Shop Drawings, SD-03 Product Data, and SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions at the same time for each system.

SD-02 Shop Drawings

MICA Plates; G

Pipe Insulation Systems and Associated Accessories Duct Insulation Systems and Associated Accessories

A booklet containing completed MICA Insulation Stds plates detailing each insulating system for each pipe, duct, or equipment insulating system, after approval of materials and prior to applying insulation.

a. The MICA plates shall detail the materials to be installed and the specific insulation application. Submit all MICA plates required showing the entire insulating system, including plates required to show insulation penetrations, vessel bottom and top heads, legs, and skirt insulation as applicable. The MICA plates shall present all variations of insulation systems including locations, materials, vaporproofing, jackets and insulation accessories.

b. If the Contractor elects to submit detailed drawings instead of edited MICA Plates, the detail drawings shall be technically equivalent to the edited MICA Plate submittal.

SD-03 Product Data

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Pipe Insulation Systems; G

Duct Insulation Systems; G

A complete list of materials, including manufacturer's descriptive technical literature, performance data, catalog cuts, and installation instructions. The product number, k-value, thickness and furnished accessories including adhesives, sealants and jackets for each mechanical system requiring insulation shall be included. The product data must be copywrited, have an identifying or publication number, and shall have been published prior to the issuance date of this solicitation. Materials furnished under this section of the specification shall be submitted together in a booklet and in conjunction with the MICA plates booklet (SD-02). Annotate the product data to indicate which MICA plate is applicable.

SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions

Pipe Insulation Systems; G

Duct Insulation Systems; G

Submit a booklet containing manufacturer's published installation instructions for the insulation systems in coordination with the submitted MICA Insulation Stds plates booklet. Annotate their installation instructions to indicate which product data and which MICA plate are applicable. The instructions must be copywrited, have an identifying or publication number, and shall have been published prior to the issuance date of this solicitation.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

Qualified installers shall have successfully completed three or more similar type jobs within the last 5 years.

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Materials shall be delivered in the manufacturer's unopened containers. Materials delivered and placed in storage shall be provided with protection from weather, humidity, dirt, dust and other contaminants. The Contracting Officer may reject insulation material and supplies that become dirty, dusty, wet, or contaminated by some other means. Packages or standard containers of insulation, jacket material, cements, adhesives, and coatings del ivered for use , and samples required for approval shal l have manufacturer's stamp or label attached giving the name of the manufacturer and brand, and a description of the material. Insulation packages and containers shall be asbestos free.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 STANDARD PRODUCTS

Provide materials which are the standard products of manufacturers regularly engaged in the manufacture of such products and that essentially duplicate items that have been in satisfactory use for at least 2 years prior to bid opening. Provide insulation systems in accordance with the approved MICA National Insulation Standards plates as supplemented by this specification. Provide field-applied insulation for heating, ventilating, and cooling (HVAC) air distribution systems and piping systems which are located within, on, under, and adjacent to buildings; and for plumbing systems.

2.2 MATERIALS

Provide insulation that meets or exceed the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1 - IP. Insulation exterior

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shall be cleanable, grease resistant, non-flaking and non-peeling. Materials shall be compatible and shall not contribute to corrosion, soften, or otherwise attack surfaces to which applied in either wet or dry state. Materials to be used on stainless steel surfaces shall meet ASTM C 795 requirements. Materials shall be asbestos free and conform to the following:

2.2.1 Adhesives

2.2.1.1 Acoustical Lining Insulation Adhesive

Adhesive shall be a nonflammable, fire-resistant adhesive conforming to ASTM C 916, Type I.

2.2.1.2 Lagging Adhesive

Lagging is the material used for thermal insulation, especially around a cylindrical object. This may include the insulation as well as the cloth/material covering the insulation. Lagging adhesives shall be nonflammable and fire-resistant and shall have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. Adhesive shall be MIL-A-3316, Class 1, pigmented [white] [red] and be suitable for bonding fibrous glass cloth to faced and unfaced fibrous glass insulation board; for bonding cotton brattice cloth to faced and unfaced fibrous glass insulation board; for sealing edges of and bonding glass tape to joints of fibrous glass board; for bonding lagging cloth to thermal insulation; or Class 2 for attaching fibrous glass insulation to metal surfaces. Lagging adhesives shall be applied in strict accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations for pipe and duct insulation.

2.2.2 Contact Adhesive

Adhesives may be any of, but not limited to, the neoprene based, rubber based, or elastomeric type that have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. The adhesive shall not adversely affect, initially or in service, the insulation to which it is applied, nor shall it cause any corrosive effect on metal to which it is applied. Any solvent dispersing medium or volatile component of the adhesive shall have no objectionable odor and shall not contain any benzene or carbon tetrachloride. The dried adhesive shall not emit nauseous, irritating, or toxic volatile matters or aerosols when the adhesive is heated to any temperature up to 100 degrees C 212 degrees F. The dried adhesive shall be nonflammable and fire resistant. Natural cross-ventilation, local (mechanical) pickup, and/or general area (mechanical) ventilation shall be used to prevent an accumulation of solvent vapors, keeping in mind the ventilation pattern must remove any heavier-than-air solvent vapors from lower levels of the workspaces. Gloves and spectacle-type safety glasses are recommended in accordance with safe installation practices.

2.2.3 Caulking

ASTM C 920, Type S, Grade NS, Class 25, Use A. 2.2.4

2.2.4 Fibrous Glass Cloth and Glass Tape

Fibrous glass cloth, with 20X20 maximum mesh size, and glass tape shall have maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. Tape shall be 100 mm 4 inch wide rolls.

Class 3 tape shall be 0.15 kg/square m 4.5 ounces/square yard.

2.2.5 Staples

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Outward clinching type monel.

2.2.6 Jackets

2.2.6.1 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Jackets

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) jacket and fitting covers shall have high impact strength, UV resistant rating or treatment and moderate chemical resistance with minimum thickness 0.762 mm 0.030 inch.

2.2.6.2 White Vapor Retarder All Service Jacket (ASJ)

Standard reinforced fire retardant jacket for use on hot pipes or ducts. Vapor retarder jackets used on insulation exposed in finished areas shall have white finish suitable for painting without sizing.

2.2.6.3 Vapor Retarder/Vapor Barrier Mastic Coatings

a. The vapor barrier shall be self adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) greater than 3 plys standard grade, silver, white, black and embossed white jacket for use on hot/cold pipes. Less than 0.02 permeability when tested in accordance with ASTM E 96/E 96M. Meeting UL 723 or ASTM E 84 f lame and smoke requirements; UV resistant.

b. The vapor retarder coating shall be fire and water resistant and appropriately selected for either outdoor or indoor service. Color shall be white. The water vapor permeance of the compound shall be determined according to procedure B of ASTM E 96/E 96M utilizing apparatus described in ASTM E 96/E 96M. The coating shall be a nonflammable, fire resistant type. All other application and service properties shall be in accordance with ASTM C 647.

2.2.6.4 Laminated Film Vapor Retarder

ASTM C 1136, Type I, maximum moisture vapor transmission 0.02 perms, minimum puncture resistance 50 Beach units on all surfaces except concealed ductwork, where Type II, maximum moisture vapor transmission 0.02 perms, a minimum puncture resistance of 25 Beach units is acceptable. Vapor retarder shall have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.

2.2.6.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC) Film Vapor Retarder

The PVDC film vapor retarder shall have a maximum moisture vapor transmission of 0.02 perms, minimum puncture resistance of 150 Beach units, a minimum tensile strength in any direction of 5.3 kN/m 30 lb/inch when tested in accordance with ASTM D 882, and a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.

2.2.6.6 Polyvinylidene Chloride Vapor Retarder Adhesive Tape

Requirements must meet the same as specified for Laminated Film Vapor Retarder above.

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2.2.6.7 Vapor Barrier

The vapor barrier shall be greater than 3 ply self adhesive laminate -white vapor barrier jacket- superior performance (less than 0.0000 permeability when tested in accordance with ASTM E 96/E 96M). Vapor barrier shall meet UL 723 or ASTM E 84 25 flame and 50 smoke requirements; and UV resistant. Minimum burst strength 1.3 MPa 185 psi in accordance with ASTM D 774/D 774M. Tensile strength 0.12 kg/m 68 lb/inch width (PSTC-1000). Tape shall be as specified for laminated film vapor barrier above.

2.2.7 Vapor Retarder Not Required

ASTM C 921, Type II, Class D, minimum puncture resistance 50 Beach units on all surfaces except ductwork, where Type IV, maximum moisture vapor transmission 0.10, a minimum puncture resistance of 25 Beach units is acceptable. Jacket shall have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.

2.2.8 Wire

Soft annealed ASTM A 580/A 580M Type 302, 304 or 316 stainless steel, 16 or 18 gauge.

2.2.9 Insulation Bands

Insulation bands shall be 13 mm 1/2 inch wide; 26 gauge stainless steel.

2.2.10 Sealants

Sealants shall be chosen from the butyl polymer type, the styrene-butadiene rubber type, or the butyl type of sealants. Sealants shall have a maximum moisture vapor transmission of 0.02 perms, and a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with

ASTM E 84.

2.3 PIPE INSULATION SYSTEMS

Insulation materials shall conform to Table 1. Insulation thickness shall be as listed in Table 2 and meet or exceed the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1 - IP. Insulation thickness shall be as shown in table 2. Comply with EPA requirements. Pipe insulation materials shall be limited to those listed herein and shall meet the following requirements:

2.3.1 Aboveground Hot Pipeline (Above 16 deg. C 60 deg. F)

Insulation for outdoor, indoor, exposed or concealed applications shall meet the following requirements. Supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended factory-applied jacket/vapor barrier.

a. Mineral Fiber: ASTM C 547, Types I, II or III, supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended factory-applied jacket.

b. Calcium Silicate: ASTM C 533, Type I indoor only, or outdoors above 121 degrees C 250 degrees F pipe temperature. Supply insulation with the manufacturer's recommended factory-applied jacket/vapor barrier.

c. Cellular Glass: ASTM C 552, Type II and Type III. Supply the insulation

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with manufacturer's recommended factory-applied jacket.

d. Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Insulation: ASTM C 534/C 534M, Grade 1, Type I or II to 93 degrees C 200 degrees F service.

e. Phenolic Insulation: ASTM C 1126 Type III to 121 degrees C 250 degrees F service shall comply with ASTM C 795. Supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended factory-applied jacket/vapor barrier.

f. Perlite Insulation: ASTM C 610

g. Polyisocyanurate Insulation: ASTM C 591, Type 1, to 149 degrees C 300 degrees F service. Supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended factory applied jacket/vapor barrier.

h. Flexible Polyolefin Cellular Insulation: ASTM C 1427, Grade 1 Type I or II to 93 degrees C 200 degrees F.

2.0 DUCT INSULATION SYSTEMS

2.4.1 Duct Insulation

Provide insulation with insulation manufacturer's standard reinforced fire-retardant vapor barrier , with identification of installed thermal resistance (R) value and out-of-package R value.

2.4.1.1 Blanket Insulation

Blanket flexible mineral fiber insulation conforming to ASTM C 553, Type 1, Class B-3, 12 kg/m3 3/4 pcf nominal, 50 mm 2.0 inches thick or Type II up to 121 degrees C 250 degrees F. Also ASTM C 1290 Type III may be used.

2.4.2 Acoustical Duct Lining

For ductwork indicated or specified to be acoustically lined, provide external insulation in accordance with this specification section and in addition to the acoustical duct lining.

2.4.3 Duct Insulation Jackets

2.4.3.1 All-Purpose Jacket

Provide insulation with insulation manufacturer's standard reinforced fire-retardant jacket with or without integral vapor barrier as required by the service. In exposed locations, provide jacket with a white surface suitable for field painting.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 APPLICATION - GENERAL

Insulation shall only be applied to unheated and uncooled piping and equipment. Flexible elastomeric cellular insulation shall not be compressed at joists, studs, columns, ducts, hangers, etc. The insulation shall not pull apart after a one hour period; any insulation found to pull apart after one hour, shall be replaced.

3.1.1 Installation

Except as otherwise specified, material shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions. Insulation materials shall not be applied until tests

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specified in other sections of this specification are completed. Material such as rust, scale, dirt and moisture shall be removed from surfaces to receive insulation.

Insulation shall be kept clean and dry. Insulation shall not be removed from its shipping containers until the day it is ready to use and shall be returned to like containers or equally protected from dirt and moisture at the end of each workday. Insulation that becomes dirty shall be thoroughly cleaned prior to use. If insulation becomes wet or if cleaning does not restore the surfaces to like new condition, the insulation will be rejected, and shall be immediately removed from the jobsite. Joints shall be staggered on multi layer insulation. Mineral fiber thermal insulating cement shall be mixed with demineralized water when used on stainless steel surfaces. Insulation, jacketing and accessories shall be installed in accordance with MICA Insulation Stds plates except where modified herein or on the drawings.

3.1.2 Welding

No welding shall be done on piping, duct or equipment without written approval of the Contracting Officer. The capacitor discharge welding process may be used for securing metal fasteners to duct.

3.1.3 Pipes and Ducts which Require Insulation

Insulation is required on all pipes or ducts except for omitted items, as specified.

3.2 PIPE INSULATION SYSTEMS INSTALLATION

Install pipe insulation systems in accordance with the approved MICA Insulation Stds plates as supplemented by the manufacturer's published installation instructions.

3.2.1 Pipe Insulation

3.2.1.1 General

Pipe insulation shall be installed on aboveground hot pipeline systems as specified below to form a continuous thermal retarder/barrier, including straight runs, fittings and appurtenances unless specified otherwise. Installation shall be with full length units of insulation and using a single cut piece to complete a run. Cut pieces or scraps abutting each other shall not be used. Pipe insulation shall be omitted on the following:

a. Pipe used solely for fire protection.

b. Chromium plated pipe to plumbing fixtures. However, fixtures for use by the physically handicapped shall have the hot water supply and drain, including the trap, insulated where exposed.

c. Sanitary drain lines.

d. Air chambers.

e. Adjacent insulation.

f. ASME stamps.

g. Access plates of fan housings.

h. Cleanouts or handholes.

3.2.1.2 Pipes Passing Through Hangers

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a. Insulation, whether hot or cold application, shall be continuous through hangers. All horizontal pipes 50 mm 2 inches and smaller shall be supported on hangers with the addition of a Type 40 protection shield to protect the insulation in accordance with MSS SP-69.

Whenever insulation shows signs of being compressed, or when the insulation or jacket shows visible signs of distortion at or near the support shield, insulation inserts as specified below for piping larger than 50 mm 2 inches shall be installed, or factory insulated hangers (designed with a load bearing core) can be used.

b. Horizontal pipes larger than 50 mm 2 inches at 16 degrees C 60 degrees F and above shall be supported on hangers in accordance with MSS SP-69.

c. Horizontal pipes larger than 50 mm 2 inches and below 16 degrees C 60 degrees F shall be supported on hangers with the addition of a Type 40 protection shield in accordance with MSS SP-69. An insulation insert of cellular glass, calcium silicate (or perlite above 27 degrees C 80 degrees F), or the necessary strength polyisocyanurate shall be installed above each shield. The insert shall cover not less than the bottom 180-degree arc of the pipe. Inserts shall be the same thickness as the insulation, and shall extend 50 mm 2 inches on each end beyond the protection shield. When insulation inserts are required in accordance with the above, and the insulation thickness is less than 25 mm 1 inch, wooden or cork dowels or blocks may be installed between the pipe and the shield to prevent the weight of the pipe from crushing the insulation, as an option to installing insulation inserts. The insulation jacket shall be continuous over the wooden dowel, wooden block, or insulation insert.

d. Inserts shall be covered with a jacket material of the same appearance and quality as the adjoining pipe insulation jacket, shall overlap the adjoining pipe jacket 38 mm 1-1/2 inches, and shall be sealed as required for the pipe jacket. The jacket material used to cover inserts in flexible elastomeric cellular insulation shall conform to ASTM C 1136, Type 1, and is allowed to be of a different material than the adjoining insulation material.

3.2.1.3 Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Pipe Insulation

Flexible elastomeric cellular pipe insulation shall be tubular form for pipe sizes 150 mm 6 inches and less. Grade 1, Type II sheet insulation used on pipes larger than 150 mm 6 inches shall not be stretched around the pipe. On pipes larger than 300 mm 12 inches, the insulation shall be adhered directly to the pipe on the lower 1/3 of the pipe. Seams shall be staggered when applying multiple layers of insulation. Sweat fittings shall be insulated with miter-cut pieces the same size as on adjacent piping. Screwed fittings shall be insulated with sleeved fitting covers fabricated from miter-cut pieces and shall be overlapped and sealed to the adjacent pipe insulation.

3.2.1.4 Pipe Insulation Material and Thickness

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TABLE 1

INSULATION MATERIAL FOR PIPING (DEGREES F)

Service Material Spec. Type Class Vapor Retarder/ Vapor Barrier Required

Heating Hot Mineral Fiber ASTM C547 I 1 No Water Supply & Calcium Silicate ASTM C5332 I No Return Cellular Glass ASTM C552 II 2 No Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C1126 III Yes (Max 250 degrees F) Perlite ASTM C610 No Polyisocianurate ASTM C591 I No

TABLE 2

PIPING INSULATION THICKNESS (INCH AND DEGREES F)

Tube and Pipe Size (Inches) Service Material <1 1 to <1.5 1.5 to < 4 4 to <8 > or + to 8

Heating Hot Mineral Fiber 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 Water Supply & Calcium Silicate 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 Return Cellular Glass 2 2.5 3 3 3 Perlite 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 Polyisocianurate 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5

3.2.2 Aboveground Hot Pipelines

3.2.2.1 General Requirements

All hot pipe lines above 16 degrees C 60 degrees F, except those piping listed in subparagraph Pipe Insulation in PART 3 as to be omitted, shall be insulated in accordance with Table 2. This includes but is not limited to the following:

a. Hot water heating.

Insulation shall be covered, in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations, with a factory applied Type I jacket or field applied aluminum where required or seal welded PVC.

3.2.2.2 Insulation for Fittings and Accessories

a. General. Pipe insulation shall be tightly butted to the insulation of the fittings and accessories. The butted joints and ends shall be sealed with joint sealant. Insulation shall be marked showing the location of unions, strainers, check valves and other components that would otherwise be hidden from view by the insulation.

b. Precut or Preformed. Precut or preformed insulation shall be placed around all fittings and accessories. Insulation shall be the same insulation as the pipe insulation, including same density, thickness, and thermal conductivity.

c. Rigid Preformed. Where precut/preformed is unavailable, rigid preformed pipe insulation sections may be segmented into the shape required. Insulation of the same thickness and conductivity as the

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adjoining pipe insulation shall be used. If nesting size insulation is used, the insulation shall be overlapped 50 mm 2 inches or one pipe diameter.

Elbows insulated using segments shall conform to MICA Tables 12.20 "Mitered Insulation Elbow".

3.3 DUCT INSULATION SYSTEMS INSTALLATION

Install duct insulation systems in accordance with the approved MICA Insulation Stds plates as supplemented by the manufacturer's published installation instructions.

3.3.1 Duct Insulation Thickness

TABLE 3

Minimum Duct Insulation (INCHES AND DEGREES F)

Cooling Heating

Duct Annual Cooling Insulation Annual Heating Insulation Location Degree Days R-Value Degree Days R-Value Base 65 degrees F (h sf F)/Btu Base 65 F (h sf F)/Btu

Inside Building <15 None Reqd <15 None Required Envelope 15<TD<40 3.3 15<TD<40 3.3 Or in un- 40<TD 5.0 40<TD 5.0 Conditioned Spaces

These R-values do not include the film resistances. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water vapor transmission and condensation. Additional insulation, vapor retarders, or both, may be required to limit vapor transmission and condensation. Where ducts are designed to convey both heated and cooled air, duct insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition.

Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition of this section or the insulation for the building envelope. Cooling ducts are those designed to convey mechanically cooled air or return ducts in such systems. Heating ducts are those designed to convey mechanically heated air or return ducts in such systems. Thermal Resistance is to be measured in accordance with ASTM C 518 at a mean temperature of 75 degrees F. The temperature difference is at design conditions between the space within which the duct is located and the design air temperature in the duct. Resistance for run-outs to terminal devices less than 10 ft in length need not exceed 3.3 (h sf F)/Btu. Unconditioned spaces include crawlspaces and attics.

Duct insulation thickness shall be in accordance with Table 4

TABLE 4

Minimum Duct Insulation (INCHES )

Cold Air 2.0

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3.3.2 Insulation and Vapor Retarder/Vapor Barrier for Cold Air Duct

Insulation and vapor retarder/vapor barrier shall be provided for the following cold air ducts and associated equipment.

a. Supply ducts.

b. Flexible run-outs (field-insulated).

Insulation for rectangular ducts shall be flexible type where concealed, minimum density

12 kg/cubic m 3/4 pcf. Insulation for both concealed or exposed round/oval ducts shall be flexible type, minimum density 12 kg/cubic m 3/4 pcf or a semi rigid board, minimum density 48 kg/cubic m 3 pcf, formed or fabricated to a tight fit, edges beveled and joints tightly butted and staggered. Insulation on all concealed duct shall be provided with a factory-applied Type I or II vapor retarder/vapor barrier jacket. Duct insulation shall be continuous through sleeves and prepared openings except firewall penetrations. Duct insulation and vapor retarder/vapor barrier shall cover the collar, neck, and any un-insulated surfaces of diffusers, registers and grilles. Vapor retarder/vapor barrier materials shall be applied to form a complete unbroken vapor seal over the insulation. Sheet Metal Duct shall be sealed in accordance with Section 23 00 00

AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, VENTILATION AND EXHAUST SYSTEM.

3.3.2.1 Installation on Concealed Duct

a. For rectangular, oval or round ducts, flexible insulation shall be attached by applying adhesive around the entire perimeter of the duct in 150 mm 6 inch wide strips on 300 mm 12 inch centers.

b. For rectangular and oval ducts, 600 mm 24 inches and larger insulation shall be additionally secured to bottom of ducts by the use of mechanical fasteners. Fasteners shall be spaced on 400 mm 16 inch centers and not more than 400 mm 16 inches from duct corners.

c. For rectangular, oval and round ducts, mechanical fasteners shall be provided on sides of duct risers for all duct sizes. Fasteners shall be spaced on 400 mm 16 inch centers and not more than 400 mm 16 inches from duct corners.

d. Insulation shall be impaled on the mechanical fasteners (self stick pins) where used and shall be pressed thoroughly into the adhesive.

Care shall be taken to ensure vapor retarder/vapor barrier jacket joints overlap 50 mm 2 inches. The insulation shall not be compressed to a thickness less than that specified. Insulation shall be carried over standing seams and trapeze-type duct hangers.

e. Where mechanical fasteners are used, self-locking washers shall be installed and the pin trimmed and bent over.

f. Jacket overlaps shall be secured with staples and tape as necessary to ensure a secure seal. Staples, tape and seams shall be coated with a brush coat of vapor retarder coating or PVDC adhesive tape or greater than 3 ply laminate (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 3 mils embossed) - less than 0.0000 perm adhesive tape.

g. Breaks in the jacket material shall be covered with patches of the

THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 23 07 00-17

same material as the vapor retarder jacket. The patches shall extend not less than 50 mm 2 inches beyond the break or penetration in all directions and shall be secured with tape and staples. Staples and tape joints shall be sealed with a brush coat of vapor retarder coating or PVDC adhesive tape or greater than 3 ply laminate (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) - less than 0.0000 perm adhesive tape.

h. At jacket penetrations such as hangers, thermometers, and damper operating rods, voids in the insulation shall be filled and the penetration sealed with a brush coat of vapor retarder coating or PVDC adhesive tape greater than 3 ply laminate (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) - less than 0.0000 perm adhesive tape.

i. Insulation terminations and pin punctures shall be sealed and flashed with a reinforced vapor retarder coating finish or tape with a brush coat of vapor retarder coating.. The coating shall overlap the adjoining insulation and un-insulated surface 50 mm 2 inches. Pin puncture coatings shall extend 50 mm 2 inches from the puncture in all directions.

j. Where insulation standoff brackets occur, insulation shall be extended under the bracket and the jacket terminated at the bracket.

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