RFP_14-R-0016-Atch1-Annex30c._Spangdahlem_ACG_Section_I.pdf

SPANGDAHLEM AIR BASE

ACG

A r c h i t e c t u r a l a C o m p a t i b i l i t y a G u i d e

Germany

2 0 0 0

Family Housing Units ii Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base prepared by:

mahlau & cohen gutenbergplatz 3 65187 wiesbaden germany tel: (011)-(49)-(0)611-30 81 406 fax: (011)-(49)-(0)611- 30 81 409 email: mcohen@mcohen.de

Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv FORWARD viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix

INTRODUCTION 9

GUIDE USE AND EXPLANATIONS 13

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 21

SURVEY FINDINGS AND VISUAL ANALYSIS 33

ARCHITECTURAL COMPATIBILITY ISSUES 39

SITE DESIGN AND TRAFFIC RECOMMENDATIONS 53

SITE DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS 57

VEHICULAR TRAFFIC RECOMMENDATIONS 101

ARCHITECTURAL COMPATIBILITY STANDARDS 105

STANDARD EXTERIOR DESIGN GUIDE 109

STANDARD LANDSCAPE DESIGN GUIDE 193

STANDARD BUILDING EXTERIOR DESIGN GUIDE 245

STANDARD INTERIOR DESIGN GUIDE 295

STANDARD BUILDING EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR COLOR GUIDE 351

RELATED STANDARDS 371

Base Comprehensive Plan - Base Layout (C1) 407 Future Development Plan - Eifel 2010 (M-3) 411 Existing Conditions / Site Numbers Plan (A1) 415 Building Function Plan (A2) 419 Site Evaluation Plan (A3), Site Scoring Sheet and 423 Site Evaluation Sheets Existing Traffic Plan (A4) 443 Proposed Future Traffic Plan (A5) 447 Proposed Base Redevelopment Plan (A6) 451 Proposed Base Redevelopment and Flightline Area 455 Development Plan (A7) Proposed Alternative Building Color Plan (A8) and 459 Alternative Building Exterior Color Guide Proposed Functional District Plan (A9) 479

Brief Contents

Br ie f C on te nt s

SECTION I

PART 1.00

PART 2.00

PART 3.00

PART 4.00

SECTION II

PART 5.00

PART 6.00

SECTION III

PART 7.00

PART 8.00

PART 9.00

PART 10.00

PART 11.00

PART 12.00

APPENDICES

Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E

Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Appendix I

Appendix J

Appendix K

GLOSSARY

INDEX

iv Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv FORWARD viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ix

SECTION I INTRODUCTION 9

Table of Contents 11

PART 1.00 GUIDE USE AND EXPLANATIONS 13

Chapter 1.01 How to Use This Guide 15 Chapter 1.02 What is Architectural Compatibility? 16

PART 2.00 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 21

Chapter 2.01 Base History 23 Chapter 2.02 Base Information 23 Chapter 2.03 Regional Characteristics 24 Chapter 2.04 Base Entry Gates, Roads and Main Vehicle Parking Areas 25 Chapter 2.05 Existing Land Use / Functional District Boundaries 31 Chapter 2.06 Future Planning and Facility Sitings 31 Chapter 2.07 Pending Construction Programs and Projects 31 Chapter 2.08 Future Land Use / Functional District Boundaries 32

PART 3.00 SURVEY FINDINGS AND VISUAL ANALYSIS 33

Chapter 3.01 Survey Procedures 35 Chapter 3.02 Survey Findings 35 Chapter 3.03 Visual Analysis 36

PART 4.00 ARCHITECTURAL COMPATIBILITY ISSUES 39

Chapter 4.01 Base Entry Gates, Roads and Main Vehicle Parking Areas 41 Chapter 4.02 Exterior Areas and Landscaping 42 Chapter 4.03 Building-to-Site Compatibility 49 Chapter 4.04 Building-to-Building Compatibility 50 Chapter 4.05 Compatibility Ratings of all Base Sites 52

SECTION II SITE DESIGN AND TRAFFIC RECOMMENDATIONS 53

Table of Contents 54 General Instructions for Use of this Section 55 Page Layout Description 55 Future Development Plan - Eifel 2010 (M-3) 56

PART 5.00 SITE DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS 57

5. 00.1 Table of Contents 58

5.00.2 Proposed Base Redevelopment Plan 59

Chapter 5.01 Sites on Spangdahlem Air Base 60 Site S01 – Administrative and Airfield Support District 60 Site S02 – Industrial, Airfield Support and Recreational District 64 Site S03 – Airfield Support and Administrative District 66 Site S04 – Industrial, Storage and Airfield Support District 68 Site S05 – Airfield Support, Storage and Administrative District 70 Site S06 – Industrial and Storage District 74 Site S07 – Community Support District 76 Site S08 – Community Support District 80 Site S09 – Administrative District 82 Site S10 – Multifunctional District 86 Site S11 – Dormitory, Airfield Support and Administrative District 88 Site S12 – Dormitory, Chapel, Medical and Recreational District 90

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Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base v

Site S13 – Dormitory, School, Child Care Center and Recreational District 92 Site S14 – Family Housing, School and Recreational District 94 Site S15 – Family Housing and Child Care Center District 96

Chapter 5.02 Site Development on New Land - Northeast Side 98 Site S16 – Dormitory, Lodgíng / Club, Medical and Recreational District 98

Chapter 5.03 Site Development on New Land - South Side 100 Site S17 – Airfield Support District

PART 6.00 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC RECOMMENDATIONS 101

SECTION III ARCHITECTURAL COMPATIBILITY STANDARDS 105

Table of Contents 107

PART 7.00 STANDARD EXTERIOR DESIGN GUIDE 109

7.00.1 Table of Contents 111

7.00.2 General Instructions for Use of this Part 112

7.00.3 General Exterior Design Information 112

7.00.4 Application Matrices 115

7.00.5 Application Sketches and Diagrams 121

Generic Exterior Design Standards Page Layout Description 133

7.01 Roads / Driveways 134

7.02 Vehicle Parking Areas 136

7.03 Walkways / Bicycle Paths 138

7.04 Pedestrian Plazas/Promenades 140

7.05 Curbs 146

7.06 Drainage 148

7.07 Stairs / Ramps 150

7.08 Railings 154

7.09 Retaining Walls 156

7.10 Free-Standing Walls / Screens 158

7.11 Trash / Garbage Containers 160

7.12 Bus Shelters 164

7.13 Bicycle Stands 166

7.14 Pavilions / Grill Shelters 168

7.15 Seating and Tables 170

7.16 Street Furnishings 172

7.17 Playgrounds / Equipment 174

7.18 Fences and Gates 176

7.19 Entry Controls / Barriers 178

7.20 Signage 180

7.21 Street Lighting 184

7.22 Vehicle Parking Area Lighting 186

7.23 Family Housing Area Lighting 188

7.24 General Lighting 190

PART 8.00 STANDARD LANDSCAPE DESIGN GUIDE 193

8.00.1 Table of Contents 195

8.00.2 General Instructions for Use of this Part 197

8.00.3 General Landscape Design Information 197

8.00.4 Application Matrices 198

8.00.5 Application Sketches and Diagrams 204 Ta

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Table of Contents vi Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base

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Generic Landscape Design Standards

8.01 Trees 216

8.02 Tree Protection 222

8.03 Bushes 224

8.04 Hedges 226

8.05 Climbers 228

8.06 Climber Systems 230

8.07 Ground Cover 232

8.08 Grass 234

8.09 Bed Plants / Flowers 236

8.10 Plaza / Promenade Landscaping 238

8.11 Interior Landscapes 242

PART 9.00 STANDARD BUILDING EXTERIOR DESIGN GUIDE 245

9.00.1 Table of Contents 247

9.00.2 General Instructions for Use of this Part 248

9.00.3 General Building Exterior Design Information 249

9.00.4 Application Matrices 250

9.00.5 Application Sketches and Diagrams 254

Generic Building Exterior Design Standards

9.01 Roofs / General 260

9.02 Tiled Roofs 262

9.03 Shingled Roofs 264

9.04 Standing Seam Metal-Clad Roofs 266

9.05 Parking Garage Roofs 268

9.06 Landscaped Flat Roofs 270

9.07 Roof Drainage 272

9.08 Plaster Façades 274

9.09 Exposed Masonry Facades 276

9.10 Metal Façades 278

9.11 Panelled Façades 280

9.12 Façade Base and Grade Connections 282

9.13 Windows / Sills / Solar Protection / Security 284

9.14 Entry Components / Canopies 286

9.15 Balconies 288

9.16 Exterior Signage 290

9.17 Exterior Lighting 292

PART 10.00 STANDARD BUILDING INTERIOR DESIGN GUIDE 295

10.00.1 Table of Contents 297

10.00.2 General Instructions for Use of this Part 298

10.00.3 General Building Interior Design Information 299

10.00.4 Application Matrices 301

10.00.5 Application Sketches and Diagrams 320

Generic Building Interior Design Standards

10.01 Floor Finishes 326

10.02 Wall Finishes 332

10.03 Ceiling Finishes 334

10.04 Interior Doors / Windows / Hardware / Stools / Solar Protection 336

10.05 Stair / Landing Finishes 338

10.06 Stair Railings 340

10.07 Signage 342

10.08 Wall Lighting Fixtures 346

10.09 Ceiling Lighting Fixtures 348

Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base vii

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PART 11.00 STANDARD BUILDING EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR COLOR GUIDE 351

11.00.1 Table of Contents 353

11.00.2 General Instructions for Use of this Part 354

11.00.3 General Color Information 355

11.00.4 Applications Matrix – Standard Building Exterior Color Guide 356

11.00.5 Applications Matrix – Standard Building Interior Color Guide 357

11.01 Standard Building Exterior Color Guide 359

11.01.1 Family Housing Example 360

11.01.2 Dormitory Example 361

11.02 Standard Building Interior Color Guide 363

11.02.1 Family Housing 364

11.02.2 Family Housing - Alternative Colors 365

11.02.3 Dormitories 366

11.02.4 Administrative Facilities 367

11.02.5 Clubs and Lodgings 368

11.02.6 Wing Headquarters 369

PART 12.00 RELATED STANDARDS 371

12.00.1 Table of Contents 373

12.01 Force Protection Standards 375

12.02 Environmental Standards 385

12.03 Mechanical Standards 387

12.04 Electrical Standards 390

12.05 Communications Standards 394

12.06 Fire Protection Standards 396

Referenced Manufacturers in Section III 399

APPENDICES 403

Appendix A Base Comprehensive Plan - Base Layout (C1) 407 Appendix B Future Development Plan - Eifel 2010 (M-3) 411 Appendix C Existing Conditions / Site Numbers Plan (A1) 415 Appendix D Building Function Plan (A2) 419 Appendix E Site Evaluation Plan (A3), Site Scoring Sheet and Site Evaluation Sheets 423 Appendix F Existing Traffic Plan (A4) 443 Appendix G Proposed Future Traffic Plan (A5) 447 Appendix H Proposed Base Redevelopment Plan (A6) 451 Appendix I Proposed Base Redevelopment and Flightline Area Development Plan (A7) 455 Appendix J Proposed Alternative Building Color Plan (A8) and Alternative Building Exterior Color Guide 459 Appendix K Proposed Functional District Plan (A9) 479

GLOSSARY 483

INDEX 509

viii Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base

The publication of this Architectural Compatibility Guide (ACG) represents a historic step towards the goal of achieving a standard of building and landscape architecture on this installation that will provide a harmony of buildings, exteriors and nature, which will not only enhance the environment, but enrich the experiences of all who are fortunate enough to participate. By scope and organization, it provides a broad practical definition of what architectural compatibility is as an applied art and science. The data and standards it contains demonstrate how and where the efforts of many specialists from different field of science and technology interconnect. In this way it is a document for the future as much as it is for the present. It recognizes the need for more interdependence between the various professions within the context of a larger plan for the future.

The initial idea for this ACG was conceived in the mid-1980s by Headquarters United States Air Forces in Europe in awareness of the growing integration of architecture and landscape architecture and of the need for such a guide to provide standard design and construction data for each US Air Force installation. It would be useful not only to architects, planners, engineers, contractors and others concerned with the preservation and modification of our natural environment, but also to commanders involved in shaping the future.

This ACG is the continuation of a tradition of improving the quality of life for the base population. While many of the details have changed since the initial conception, due to the advances in technology and to modern needs, the basic principles have remained unchanged.

Forward Fo rw ar d

Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base ix

Ex ec ut iv e Su m m ar y

PURPOSE

Achieving architectural compatibility requires careful planning and articulation of standards. The purpose of the Architectural Compatibility Guide (ACG) is to document both the positive and negative physical features of the base and provide both specific corrective design solutions as well as installation-specific standards to assure these are consistently applied in the future. The ACG strives to recognize the cultural, environmental, climatic and existing facility conditions peculiar to Spangdahlem Air Base and define the basic theme and appropriate styles, finishes, materials and furnishings to be used to achieve the best architectural interior and exterior environments.

This ACG supports the goals and objectives of the United States Air Forces in Europe Civil Engineer (USAFE / CE) in that installations should be developed in a manner that maximizes mission accomplishment, optimizes existing facilities and provides the most pleasant, efficient and professional surroundings possible. The ACG must be used together with the Future Development Plan - Eifel 2010 (M-3) for achieving continued architectural compatibility and installation excellence at Spangdahlem Air Base.

The ACG also supports the Future Development Plan - Eifel 2010 (M-3) by promoting aesthetically pleasing design and cohesiveness, while eliminating existing visual confusion and imbalance. It provides information and an assessment tool for key military and civilian personnel who make decisions regarding facilities or are responsible for the design and procurement or maintenance of elements affecting the installation’s physical environment. It is intended to facilitate decision-making regarding all exterior pavements, grounds and landscaping, building exteriors, building interiors and furnishings and other related physical features.

USERS

The primary users of the ACG include the organizations and individuals involved in all phases of the facility delivery process.

This includes programmers, planners, designers, project managers, US and German design agents, architect-engineer consultants, building contractors and suppliers.

Other users are the executives in the Major Command Headquarters (Hq. USAFE) and Air Base Commanders (52nd Fighter Wing) in their efforts to achieve installation excellence. The ACG also provides a means to assess the progress in reaching that goal.

ORGANIZATION AND SUBJECTS ADDRESSED

Organization

The ACG has been organized to promote ease of use and to be easily updated and expanded. The following sections describe the primary subjects addressed and how they are organized.

Exterior Design

Landscape architecture is the art and science of designing exterior areas to improve visual appeal and functionality. It is one of the most effective means of improving the appearance and unity of any collection of buildings, urban spaces or installations. Quality landscape design and implementation also improves the quality of life for the base population and visitors.

Landscape development standards are first addressed at the installation level. These standards include pavements, walls and screens, landscaping, site furnishings, signs and utilities, which will provide a means for establishing continuity throughout Spangdahlem Air Base.

Additional standards are provided for various development areas and site-specific conditions. A hierarchy of streetscape development is also established that corresponds to both vehicular and pedestrian traffic patterns.

Building Exterior Design and Colors

Building exteriors are the basis for the most lasting impression of an installation. This impression results from the relationship between scale, massing, proportion, texture, color, and many other elements.

To achieve excellence, these elements and their interrelationship with new construction or renovation projects should be blended to enhance the facility’s exterior appearance with the natural surroundings.

Exterior architectural compatibility for Spangdahlem Air Base is addressed on two levels. One level is to establish standards that apply installation-wide. These standards promote and strengthen a unified, consistent appearance and level of quality for facilities throughout the installation.

The other level is to establish standards and colors that apply specifically to individual visual sites or districts. This approach reinforces the approach to base development described in the Future Development Plan - Eifel 2010 (M-3). The existing conditions, character and development objectives for each visual site or district is described, providing the background and rationale for the design standards included.

Building Interior Design and Colors

The variety of functions on Spangdahlem Air Base requires many different and unique facilities to support the programs and people.

This presents a challenge for designers regarding quality standards, use of materials, functional requirements and budget limitations.

Standardizing interior building finishes throughout the Spangdahlem Air Base facilities establishes a benchmark of desired results. The establishment and consistent application of standards helps to ensure that facilities keep their architectural integrity and interior scheme as functions change.

Interior design compatibility is addressed in the ACG by first discussing the overall objectives and approach to interior design for Spangdahlem Air Base. This serves to establish the basis for the identified standards. The standards for interior finish materials and colors are organized by the function of the facility and its level of use. Further guidance is provided for specific functional areas within a facility.

Executive Summary x Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Positive Examples

The family housing and school area in the extreme east sector of Spangdahlem Air Base is blessed with its location within a relatively dense and healthy forest. Although a considerable amount of trees have been sacrificed for construction purposes over the past forty

(40) years, enough of the forest has been left intact to provide a truly rustic and splendid landscape in this area of the base. The airfield area and unfortunately, also a great deal of the adjacent built-up areas north of the airfield areas, are obvious exceptions to this condition.

The forest areas not only provide a welcome natural contrast to the rigid man-made facilities, but also shield the inhabitants from noise and fumes and provide shade and coolness on hot summer days.

They also screen unsightly areas and prevent soil erosion. In short, they provide that balance of nature so vital to all of us .

The family housing units bordered by Independence Road as well as those on Revere Avenue, arranged somewhat diagonally from the road and sensitively nestled into the woods, enclosing the inner recreation and colorful playground areas, are unique examples of harmonizing architecture with its surroundings.

Site 15 - Family Housing

Negative Examples

Spangdahlem Air Base, like similar communities of comparable size in Europe and America, has grown since its creation in the early 1950´s, to a bustling, dynamic, modern center of activity. Over the years the missions have changed, the needs expanded manifoldly and the peripheral corsets are becoming almost stifling. In the first twenty (20) years, if building sites were needed, trees were cut down for new buildings, roads and parking areas, without concern for the devastating environmental and quality of life effects. Unlike municipalities, there has been virtually no “inner city modernization” with the attendant demolition of redundant and outlived facilities or recycling of facilities for other, more important usages on Spangdahlem Air Base. Due to the federal funding system, hardly any facilities are replaced by more appropriate, efficient and economical facilities. Required new construction is usually substituted by altering and expanding existing facilities — thereby creating permanent architectural mutations, which blight the scene. This

Executive Summary Ex ec ut iv e

Su m m ar y situation is further aggravated by the lack of funds to properly maintain and repair existing facilities. A classic example is the existing Main Base Exchange (Building 123).

Site 07 - Main Base Exchange Entry Area

Where new construction has been authorized, little was done to insure that the architectural character of the existing base was considered in the design. The designers were literally given unlimited freedom.

This was true not only for the visible features of the buildings, but the exterior areas as well. Siting of facilities was obviously reduced to selection of vacant sites, without consideration of function, compatibility and impact upon the surroundings. A striking example of such misplanning is the placement of the Air Force Clinic (Building

175) directly adjacent to the flightline. Examples of major eyesores on the installation are the numerous mass vehicle parking areas for private automobiles located throughout the base. Not only are most of these vehicle parking areas in a poor state of maintenance and repair, but many of them also lack pedestrian walks and are virtually stripped of mitigating inner planting between and at the ends of parking rows as well as along the periphery. This is particularly depressing when the vehicle parking lots are surrounded by dormitories and administration buildings, creating a constant source of irritation for the occupants on the parking area sides of the buildings.

Site 11- Airmen Dormitories

Typical Problems

The typical problems found at the installation are characteristic of those found on many other US Air Force installations:

1. Inadequate land area to suitably accommodate the required facilities to support the mission. This is particularly evident when

Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base xi the applicable airfield clearance and ammunition safety distance criteria patterns are overlaid on the base map.

2. Existing hilly terrain conditions and strictly enforced tree-cutting limitations due to German government conservation laws and regulations. These restrictions seriously reduce the number of potential building sites on the base.

3. Typical signs of incremental construction funding based upon the US Federal building project approval system – many small buildings requiring inordinate amounts of land spread out over the entire cantonment area, with subsequent disharmonious building additions and alterations and no relationship to the surrounding buildings or exterior areas.

4. Lack of an up-to-date comprehensive and detailed base master plan defining all known requirements based upon future mission requirements and suggestions for redevelopment to attain a state- of-the-art environment.

5. Nonadherence to basic master planning principles in the past, e.g. location of medical facilities directly adjacent to the flightline area, arbitrary siting of facilities without consideration of functional zoning.

6. Disregard for the given difficult topographical conditions by the planners and architects when designing facilities in the past, thereby creating long-term problems (building access, drainage, service, parking, etc.).

7. Repetition of basic mistakes, such as the location of visible and unenclosed trash and garbage containers in prominent and visible locations or the lack of zoning around buildings to separate pedestrians from vehicle service and / or vehicle parking areas or to separate vehicle service from vehicle parking areas.

8. Lack of uniformity and standardization of building forms, roofs, entry canopies, materials and details.

9. Indiscriminate use of visible surface materials without consideration of harmony.

10. Systematic destruction of natural landscaping without adequate replacement.

11. Inadequate control of construction design criteria resulting in facilities that are not compatible with their environments.

12. Lagging maintenance and repair of visible physical features (probably due to lack of funds). Where facilities have been repaired or patched, little concern for matching existing and adjacent surfaces.

13. Lack of a comprehensive and continual landscaping program.

Site and Traffic Planning

The absence of an up-to-date detailed base master plan coupled with the need to accommodate new and changed mission requirements contributes to the problems encountered throughout the base regarding street access, vehicle parking and service areas. The previously described Traffic Study prepared in January 1997 was well done and if the recommendations are adapted, these will resolve many of the current problems. However, due to the massive changes resulting from the additional assignment of a transport mission to the base also contribute to the necessity of preparing a complete new traffic study for the entire base within the context of a master plan. This traffic study should also include architectural compatibility issues.

Exterior Areas

The exterior areas on the base present an overall orderly, well-maintained impression. Nevertheless, the industrial and service areas of most facilities as well as most of the massive asphalt areas for vehicles are without any screening walls or landscaping and thus fully visible to all motorists and pedestrians. Furthermore, an organized street hierarchy and a standardization of materials and street furnishings are missing.

Building Exteriors

The overall exterior appearance of the buildings is good. The standardization of colors creates a harmonious relationship between the buildings – even if the forms, heights and roof shapes are different.

Nevertheless, the manifold types of building entrance areas (with and without canopies), exterior door and window types and different roof shapes and materials cannot be overlooked.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based upon the findings, extensive analysis of existing conditions and the identification of future needs, the following key recommendations are the heart of planning efforts needed to attain immediate and future improvements in architectural compatibility at Spangdahlem Air Base.

The base should prepare a comprehensive base-wide traffic study reflecting the increased and new population concentrations within the base. Additionally, primary and secondary roadways should be provided with additional directional and informational traffic signage, lighting, markings and landscaping. The elimination of back-out on-street parking onto primary roads and important streets and the reconfiguration of vehicle parking areas for greater space efficiency, including special provisions for compact cars, as well as the provision of landscaped islands will alleviate confusion. Where prudent and economical, construct multilevel vehicle parking garages with rooftop plazas and / or recreational areas.

The base should establish base-wide bicycle routes and locations of both covered and uncovered bicycle stands near building entrances to encourage non-motorized traffic. Pedestrian traffic can be increased by reconfiguring the traffic system on Spangdahlem Air Base to provide peripheral loops and by creating pedestrian-only promenades / spines connecting high-use community support and housing / dormitory areas. Access to vehicle parking areas should be from these peripheral loops.

Establish an efficient review process for all projects (design review, siting standards, extensive repair work, etc.) to ensure that all interested agencies provide inputs and the contents of the Architectural Compatibility Guide (ACG) are constantly applied.

Develop base-wide building form, roof, facade, main entrance and color scheme standards that provide interesting architectural features to visually break up large, bland building facades.

Introduce a massive landscaping program to supplement the existing natural features.

Ex ec ut iv e Su m m ar y

Executive Summary

Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base 9

Section I Introduction Proposed Consolidated Operations Support Center

S P A N G D A H L E M A A I R A B A S E A r c h i t e c t u r a l a C o m p a t i b i l i t y a G u i d e

10 Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base

Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base 11

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION I INTRODUCTION 9

Table of Contents 11

PART 1.00 GUIDE USE AND EXPLANATIONS 13

Chapter 1.01 How to Use This Guide 15

Chapter 1.02 What is Architectural Compatibility? 16

PART 2.00 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 21

Chapter 2.01 Base History 23

Chapter 2.02 Base Information 23

Chapter 2.03 Regional Characteristics 24

Chapter 2.04 Base Entry Gates, Roads and Main Vehicle Parking Areas 25

Chapter 2.05 Existing Land Use / Functional District Boundaries 31

Chapter 2.06 Future Planning and Facility Sitings 31

Chapter 2.07 Pending Construction Programs and Projects 32

Chapter 2.08 Future Land Use / Functional District Boundaries 32

PART 3.00 SURVEY FINDINGS AND VISUAL ANALYSIS 33

Chapter 3.01 Survey Procedures 35

Chapter 3.02 Survey Findings 35

Chapter 3.03 Visual Analysis 36

PART 4.00 ARCHITECTURAL COMPATIBILITY ISSUES 39

Chapter 4.01 Base Entry Gates, Roads and Main Vehicle Parking Areas 41

Chapter 4.02 Exterior Areas and Landscaping 42

Chapter 4.03 Building-to-Site Compatibility 49

Chapter 4.04 Building-to-Building Compatibility 50

Chapter 4.05 Compatibility Ratings of all Base Sites 52

Introduction Section I

Se ct io n

I - In tr od uc tio n

12 Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base

Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base 13

Guide Use and Explanations Part 1.00 Section I

Proposed Consolidated Operations Support Center

14 Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base

PART 1.00 GUIDE USE AND EXPLANATIONS 13

Chapter 1.01 How to Use This Guide 15

Chapter 1.02 What is Architectural Compatibility? 16

1.00 Guide Use and Explanations

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G ui de U se a nd E xp la na ns

Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base 15

Guide Use and Explanations 1.00

1.00 GUIDE USE AND EXPLANATIONS

1.01 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE

This Architectural Compatibility Guide (ACG) is a reference document and tool to be used at every level of command and by all employed in tasks that will affect the future physical environment at Spangdahlem Air Base.

For those not familiar with the subject as well as those who have had only partial exposure to the subjects involved, the ACG has been organized for ease of use as follows:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWARD

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SECTION I INTRODUCTION

PART 1.00 HOW TO USE GUIDE AND

EXPLANATIONS

Chapter 1.01 How to Use This Guide Chapter 1.02 What is Architectural Compatibility?

PART 2.00 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Chapter 2.01 Base History Chapter 2.02 Base Information Chapter 2.03 Regional Characteristics Chapter 2.04 Base Entry Gates, Roads and Main

Parking Areas Chapter 2.05 Existing Land Use / Functional District

Boundaries Chapter 2.06 Future Planning and Facility Sitings Chapter 2.07 Pending Construction Programs and Projects Chapter 2.08 Future Land Use / Functional District Boundaries

PART 3.00 SURVEY FINDINGS AND VISUAL

ANALYSIS

Chapter 3.01 Survey Procedures Chapter 3.02 Survey Findings Chapter 3.03 Visual Analysis

PART 4.00 ARCHITECTURAL COMPATIBILITY

ISSUES

Chapter 4.01 Base Entry Gates, Roads and Main Vehicle Parking Areas

Chapter 4.02 Exterior Areas and Landscaping Chapter 4.03 Building-to-Site Compatibility Chapter 4.04 Building-to-Building Compatibility Chapter 4.05 Compatibility Ratings of all Base Sites

Section I consists of a summary of the essential facts dealing with the historical and other factors leading up to the present situation at the base as well as those to be considered for changes planned for the future. It also deals with the methodology employed in documenting the existing physical conditions and an analysis of the problem areas related to architectural compatibility. Equally important, it defines architectural compatibility and the philosophy behind achieving it, and identifies specific architectural compatibility issues at this installation.

SECTION II SITE DESIGN AND TRAFFIC

RECOMMENDATIONS

PART 5.00 SITE DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS

5.00.1 Table of Contents

5.00.2 Proposed Base Redevelopment Plan

Chapter 5.01 Sites on Spangdahlem Air Base

Site S01 - Administrative and Airfield Support District Site S02 - Industrial, Airfield Support and Recreational

District Site S03 - Airfield Support and Administrative District Site S04 - Industrial, Storage and Airfield Support District Site S05 - Airfield Support, Storage and Administrative

District Site S06 - Industrial and Storage District Site S07 - Community Support District Site S08 - Community Support District Site S09 - Administrative District Site S10 - Multifunctional District Site S11 - Dormitory, Airfield Support and Administrative

District Site S12 - Dormitory, Chapel, Medical and Recreational

District Site S13 - Dormitory, School, Child Care Center and

Recreational District Site S14 - Family Housing, School and Recreational

District Site S15 - Family Housing and Child Care Center District

Chapter 5.02 Site Development on New Land - Northeast Side Site S16 - Dormitory, Lodging / Club, Medical and

Recreational District

Chapter 5.03 Site Redevelopment on New Land - South Side Site S17 - Airfield Support District

PART 6.00 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC

RECOMMENDATIONS

1.

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16 Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base

Section II graphically identifies the problem areas at each of the fifteen (15) sites / districts and offers design solutions for each. In addition, those five (5) areas rated below average (red) in comparison with the other ten (10) average or above average sites (green and yellow) were studied in detail as a complex. The results of this study were incorporated into a Proposed Base Redevelopment Plan (A6), including site development, traffic, landscaping and building proposals that would make great inroads into solving the architectural compatibility problems at this base. This section also includes recommendations for the development and redevelopment of sites on new land to be acquired on the northeast end of the base, on the south side as well as vehicular traffic. The planning has also been coordinated with the Future Development Plan - Eifel 2010 (M-3) for Spangdahlem Air Base prepared by the 52nd Civil Engineer Squadron. This section is invaluable for commanders, planners, programmers, design architects and engineers in establishing planning parameters and design standards, priorities and funding to meet future mission needs.

SECTION III ARCHITECTURAL COMPATIBILITY

STANDARDS

PART 7.00 STANDARD EXTERIOR DESIGN

GUIDE

PART 8.00 STANDARD LANDSCAPE DESIGN

GUIDE

PART 9.00 STANDARD BUILDING EXTERIOR

DESIGN GUIDE

PART 10.00 STANDARD BUILDING INTERIOR

DESIGN GUIDE

PART 11.00 STANDARD BUILDING EXTERIOR

AND INTERIOR COLOR GUIDE

PART 12.00 RELATED STANDARDS

Chapter 12.01 Force Protection Standards Chapter 12.02 Environmental Standards Chapter 12.03 Mechanical Standards Chapter 12.04 Electrical Standards Chapter 12.05 Communications Standards Chapter 12.06 Fire Protection Standards

Referenced Manufacturers in Section III

Section III is the day-to-day architectural handbook to be used by the base civil engineer design and maintenance / repair staff and its agents, such as the German governmental design and construction agencies (Staatsbauamt - St Ba / Landesbetrieb, Liegenschafts - und Baubetreuung - LLB), for systematically upgrading the physical features on the base through the application of standards that will eventually result in an architecturally compatible environment as conceived in this document. These standards deal with all the exterior and interior features that contribute to the visual environment of Spangdahlem Air Base. It is a constant source of information for those daily involved in the process of upgrading facilities as part of the “grand scheme” for the future.

APPENDICES

Appendix A Base Comprehensive Plan - Base Layout (C1) Appendix B Future Development Plan - Eifel 2010 (M-3)

Appendix C Existing Conditions / Site Numbers Plan (A1) Appendix D Building Function Plan (A2) Appendix E Site Evaluation Plan (A3), Site Scoring Sheet and Site Evaluation Sheets Appendix F Existing Traffic Plan (A4) Appendix G Proposed Future Traffic Plan (A5) Appendix H Proposed Base Redevelopment Plan (A6) Appendix I Proposed Base Redevelopment and

Flightline Area Development Plan (A7) Appendix J Proposed Alternate Building Color Plan (A8) and Alternative Building Exterior Color Guide Appendix K Proposed Functional District Plan (A9)

GLOSSARY

INDEX

The Appendices contain the plans referenced in the previous sections of this ACG.. The Glossary and Index apply to all Sections of this

ACG.

1.02 WHAT IS ARCHITECTURAL

COMPATIBILITY ?

In order to be able to use this ACG, one must understand architectural compatibility and how it affects the Air Force. In turn, an understanding of the term is necessary. Compatible is generally defined as “capable of existing together in harmony, or to be consistent.” Architectural compatibility results from designing and building facilities in harmony with their natural and man-made surroundings and environment. Architectural compatibility would therefore be concerned not only with the physical appearance of buildings, but interfacing with planning, landscape development and interior design goals and objectives.

Architectural compatibility considerations are those planning and design factors which influence and enhance an installation’s physical appearance. The decision as to what should be considered is determined by the situation and particular requirements of the installation, and the overall environment within which the installation exists.

Military installations should provide efficient and pleasant physical environments conducive to attracting and retaining skilled and motivated personnel. The design, locations, and maintenance of individual elements such as buildings, roads, vehicle parking areas, signs and landscaping create the quality of the environment. Each of the elements should be functional, attractive, and harmonious with the others. This helps to create an environment that enhances the capability of the installations to support their mission(s) and fosters pride in and a commitment to military service.

Developing an architectural compatibility program can be an invaluable tool in achieving the following:

• Provide a record of established goals, objectives and decisions leading to more consistent decisions when a change in

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Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base 17 installation leadership occurs.

• Improve the environment through the installation’s construction projects.

• Provide a mechanism for environmental design continuity.

• Develop a base line for review and, if necessary, for changes that may occur as a result of redirection in goals and objectives.

• Establish consistency in installation development which takes into account all elements of the environment.

• Control design expression. These controls should not be so specific as to restrict design freedom. A designer should have sufficient latitude for creativity.

• Provide clear and consistent communication between the Air Force as a client, and designers, whether they are in-house or contracted professionals.

• Improve programming and budgeting by limiting the range of options and promoting consistency.

• Impart a sense of pride, organization, vitality and good management. The base should convey the feeling that it is a good place to work and live on. It should reflect leadership that cares about its people.

The following subjects define and discuss each of the four (4) levels of consideration for developing architectural compatibility guides:

visual elements, visual patterns, visual districts and visual character.

The visual elements working together will form larger scale visual patterns, which, in turn, establish the theme for a visual district which subsequently creates the visual character of an environment.

Visual Elements

Theme

Theme is a combination of materials, textures, colors, forms, types of construction, details, and building systems. Repetition of design elements in similar ways on separate buildings helps establish an architectural theme. A theme may be based on historical, cultural, technological and other standards. Examples include Spanish, Western, modern, postmodern, colonial, high-tech, alpine and rustic.

• A theme should not be arbitrarily chosen. A Spanish theme would not be appropriate in the northeastern part of the USA or in the western section of Germany.

• Themes may reflect energy consciousness through passive and active solar design; they may reflect a historical period such as exists in many old brick or stone buildings; they may simply reflect an appreciation and respect for the natural beauty and resources native to a region.

• Themes should reflect the installation’s mission, heritage and regional characteristics, and emphasize human scale.

• Regional and local resources should be studied in evaluating existing themes. Materials that are native to the region should be used. Colors and textures should also be reflective of the region. Details and type of construction should be characteristic of the area.

• The theme must be considered when adding to, altering, maintaining and repairing facilities.

Scale

Scale is a comparison of the dimensions of various components of a building to other related elements and to human dimensions. Scale also refers to the size relationships between adjacent buildings and between buildings and adjacent open spaces.

• Proposed buildings should be scaled to be compatible with overall mass and individual parts of buildings in the visual district.

• New construction on the installation should avoid designs using one rectangular mass.

• Avoid vast blank building walls facing streets.

• Except for major buildings, the scale of all buildings should be human, not monumental. This human scale is achieved by using small (normal-sized) windows, doors and details. It is also conveyed by using normal floor-to-floor heights and floor-to-eave heights.

• For large buildings, human scale is improved by breaking the mass into smaller elements.

Form

Mass and shape define form. Mass refers to the section defined by a structure relative to its surroundings and to its apparent solidity and weight. Shape is the complexity of the surface planes.

• Use a roof form and shape similar to adjacent buildings.

• Stress horizontal proportions in the design of the facade.

• Design windows, entrances and detailing to complement the horizontal proportions of the facade.

• Emphasize the parts of all buildings to clearly show a division of roof, walls and base. Utilize color, materials and / or details to express this division.

• Currently fashionable or “trendy” forms should be avoided.

• Major administrative buildings may have a more formal massing than any other building types, signifying their relative importance. This can be achieved through a more balanced, symmetrical design with less articulation.

• Building entrances allow access into a building. The scale and detailing of an entrance gives the pedestrian a visual clue to identify the function and importance of a building.

Building entrances should be readily distinguished as the “entrance” to a building and should not be hidden around the side or back. A side entrance should never be mistaken for the “main” entrance.

• Locate primary building entrances to relate to adjacent building entrances and major pedestrian circulation routes.

• Locate main entrances away from utility and service areas.

One should not have to pass either of these functions to reach the main entrance.

• Entrances should be an integral part of building design by means of:

Building recess Building and / or roof projection Ornamental or decorative detailing

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18 Architectural Compatibility Guide for Spangdahlem Air Base

Glazed areas

• Location of building entrances should be a careful balance between the desired site arrangement and the internal layout of the building.

Articulation

Articulation is the discreet visual definition of architectural systems from bottom to top. This promotes a discriminating use of materials, colors, fenestration and details.

Materials

Cohesive and consistent architectural character can be achieved in new construction through the use of exterior building materials that are similar to or compatible with adjacent buildings.

• A cluttered, cosmetic application of a number of different materials on a facade should be avoided.

• Materials should be used consistently on all facades of a building.

• Materials should be selected based upon their appropriateness for the building type, durability, climatic conditions and the prevailing architectural design and character of the installation.

• Materials distinctive of an established architectural character worthy of merit should be adhered to consistently throughout any installation. Deviations from established materials should not be allowed without good reason. However, a historic style should not be imitated where it is inconsistent with functional requirements and construction economies. The use of similar materials, complementary colors and a compatibly scaled building can successfully relate new buildings to a historical style or setting.

• For freestanding walls, use materials and colors similar to those on the main building.

Color

Color is closely linked to the appropriate selection of exterior building materials and is a critical design element in relating adjacent buildings and creating a compatible visual environment within an installation.

• In general, colors should be integral rather than applied to exterior building material. Avoid surfaces that require costly periodic repainting.

• Colors should be selected on the basis of the desired appearance and attractiveness of the building, their compatibility with adjacent building colors and the prevailing color scheme of the architectural and natural landscape character of the installation.

• Colors should be carefully selected for their ability to modify climatic conditions. Generally, light-colored building exteriors tend to reflect solar radiation and promote heat loss, but increase glare; dark-colored exteriors tend to absorb solar radiation, promote heat gain and reduce glare.

• Exterior building colors should be limited in number and controlled by an established color palette for use throughout the installation. This palette should specify a limited number of coordinated and complementary colors that are subdued and harmonious.

• Strong loud colors should generally be avoided and used only for special identification purposes; where they are employed they should not dominate or overpower the visual character of the setting.

• Colors can be used to evoke a historical or regional architectural style that should be employed only where appropriate.

• Exterior appurtenances should match the color they are set against, i.e. roof penetrations should match the roof color and items attached to or adjacent to walls should match the wall color.

• Posts, gas meters, and exposed piping should be of a uniform tone-down color.

• Downspouts should be visually integrated into the facility architecture. They should be specified to match or blend with the color of the adjacent wall material.

• Avoid the use of “supergraphics” painted on building facades.

Fenestration

The fenestration of a building are the openings within the building envelope.

• Design openings to form a unified composition in proportion to the building elevation.

• Proportion and detail a building’s exterior fenestration to the scale of adjacent buildings.

• Window placement should relate to internal areas. Mullion design should provide a good module for internal layout of office space, entrances, common use areas, etc.

• Larger building facades with oversized fenestration elements tend to create a more monumental scale, while smaller buildings with more finely detailed fenestration tend to create a more human scale.

Details

Cohesive and consistent architectural character can be achieved in new construction through the use of details that are similar to or compatible with adjacent buildings. Visual clutter can be avoided by thoughtfully detailing or eliminating exterior appurtenances.

• If impossible to fully conceal within the building envelope, locate above-grade utility connections, vents and other projections through the building away from high-visibility areas. Do not locate any utility projections, such as air conditioning units, on the street side of the building.

• Avoid exterior surface-mounted conduits, electrical boxes, and other similar utility features.

• Roofs should be designed with the least number of penetrations possible. In this interest, rooftop mechanical systems should be avoided whenever possible. If rooftop

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Additional Design Considerations

Additional design considerations should encompass the following:

• Renovation / Rehabilitation

• Maintenance / Operations

• Temporary Buildings

Renovation / Rehabilitation

Renovations provide the opportunity to change materials which are no longer serviceable and add form-enriching elements to result in a building more consistent with the character of the installation.

• Use exterior materials and details that are compatible with those of adjacent buildings. Architectural character, form and style must be especially compatible.

• In the construction of additions to existing buildings, use materials and details that are similar in color, texture and arrangement to those on the existing building.

• Avoid the infilling of windows and doorways, except where dictated by security concerns.

Operations and Maintenance

Operations and Maintenance (O & M) requirements need to be considered during the planning and design process for all buildings.

• Design buildings to minimize life cycle cost, energy consumption and maintenance by selecting of proper materials and construction standards.

• Ensure that the facility orientation and wall sections do not encourage excessive passive heat gain.

• Wall assemblies should be designed to minimize vapor infiltration and condensation.