Answer_to_Question_31.pdf

U. S. AIR FORCE INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES 1

MANAGEMENT PLAN 2

Maui Space Surveillance Complex and Remote Maui Experiment Site 3

(See INRMP signature pages for plan approval date) 6

INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN

ABOUT THIS PLAN 8

This installation-specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is based on the U.S. Air Force’s (AF) 9 standardized Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) template. This plan is a cooperative 10 agreement between the installation and applicable Sikes Act cooperating agencies to document how natural 11 resources will be managed. Where applicable, external resources, including Air Force Instructions (AFIs); 12 AF Playbooks; federal, state, local and Final Governing Standards (FGS); and biological opinion and permit 13 requirements, as applicable, are referenced. 14

Certain sections of this INRMP begin with standardized, AF-wide “common text” language that address 15 AF and Department of Defense (DoD) policy and federal requirements. This common text language is 16 restricted from editing to ensure that it remains standard throughout all plans. Immediately following the 17 AF-wide common text sections are installation sections. The installation sections contain installation-18 specific content to address state, local and installation-specific requirements. Installation sections are 19 unrestricted and are maintained and updated by AF environmental Installation Support Teams (ISTs) and/or 20 installation personnel. 21

NOTE: The terms ‘Natural Resources Manager’, ‘NRM’ and ‘NRM/POC’ are used throughout this 22 document to refer to the installation person responsible for the natural resources program, regardless of 23 whether this person meets the qualifications within the definition of a natural resources management 24 professional in DODI 4715.03. 25

TABLE OF CONTENTS 27

DOCUMENT CONTROL .......................................................................................................................... 5 28

INRMP APPROVAL/SIGNATURE PAGES ........................................................................................... 5 29

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 9 30

1.0 OVERVIEW AND SCOPE ................................................................................................................ 11 31

1.1 Purpose and Scope .......................................................................................................................... 11 32

1.2 Management Philosophy ................................................................................................................ 11 33

1.3 Authority .......................................................................................................................................... 12 34

1.4 Integration with Other Plans ......................................................................................................... 12 35

2.0 INSTALLATION PROFILE ............................................................................................................. 14 36

2.1 Installation Overview ...................................................................................................................... 14 37

2.1.1 Location and Area ...................................................................................................................... 14 38

2.1.2 Installation History ..................................................................................................................... 19 39

2.1.3 Military Missions ....................................................................................................................... 20 40

2.1.4 Surrounding Communities ......................................................................................................... 20 41

2.1.5 Local and Regional Natural Areas ............................................................................................. 21 42

2.2 Physical Environment ..................................................................................................................... 21 43

2.2.1 Climate ....................................................................................................................................... 21 44

2.2.2 Landforms .................................................................................................................................. 21 45

2.2.3 Geology and Soils ...................................................................................................................... 22 46

2.2.4 Hydrology .................................................................................................................................. 22 47

2.3 Ecosystems and the Biotic Environment ....................................................................................... 23 48

2.3.1 Ecosystem Classification ........................................................................................................... 23 49

2.3.2 Vegetation .................................................................................................................................. 23 50

2.3.3 Fish and Wildlife ........................................................................................................................ 26 51

2.3.4 Threatened and Endangered Species and Species of Concern ................................................... 28 52

2.3.5 Wetlands and Floodplains .......................................................................................................... 34 53

2.3.6 Other Natural Resource Information .......................................................................................... 34 54

2.4 Mission Impacts on Natural Resources ......................................................................................... 34 55

2.4.1 Natural Resource Constraints to Mission and Mission Planning ............................................... 34 56

2.4.2 Land Use .................................................................................................................................... 34 57

2.4.3 Current Major Impacts ............................................................................................................... 35 58

2.4.4 Potential Future Impacts ............................................................................................................ 35 59

2.4.5 Natural Resources Needed to Support the Military Mission ...................................................... 35 60

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .......................................................................... 35 61

4.0 GENERAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................ 35 62

5.0 TRAINING .......................................................................................................................................... 36 63

6.0 RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING ........................................................................................ 37 64

6.1 Recordkeeping ................................................................................................................................. 37 65

6.2 Reporting ......................................................................................................................................... 37 66

7.0 NATURAL RESOURCES PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ............................................................ 37 67

7.1 Fish and Wildlife Management ...................................................................................................... 38 68

7.2 Outdoor Recreation and Public Access to Natural Resources .................................................... 38 69

7.3 Conservation Law Enforcement .................................................................................................... 38 70

7.4 Management of Threatened and Endangered Species, Species of Concern and Habitats ....... 39 71

7.5 Water Resource Protection ............................................................................................................ 39 72

7.6 Wetland Protection ......................................................................................................................... 40 73

7.7 Grounds Maintenance .................................................................................................................... 40 74

7.8 Forest Management ........................................................................................................................ 40 75

7.9 Wildland Fire Management ........................................................................................................... 41 76

7.10 Agricultural Outleasing ................................................................................................................ 41 77

7.11 Integrated Pest Management Program ....................................................................................... 41 78

7.12 Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) ........................................................................... 41 79

7.13 Coastal Zone and Marine Resources Management ................................................................... 41 80

7.14 Cultural Resources Protection ..................................................................................................... 42 81

7.15 Public Outreach ............................................................................................................................ 42 82

7.16 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)...................................................................................... 43 83

8.0 MANAGEMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.............................................................................. 43 84

9.0 INRMP IMPLEMENTATION, UPDATE, AND REVISION PROCESS ..................................... 44 85

9.1 Natural Resources Management Staffing and Implementation ................................................. 44 86

9.2 Monitoring INRMP Implementation ............................................................................................ 44 87

9.3 Annual INRMP Review and Update Requirements .................................................................... 44 88

10.0 ANNUAL WORK PLANS ............................................................................................................... 45 89

11.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 46 90

11.1 Standard References (Applicable to all AF installations).......................................................... 46 91

11.2 Installation References ................................................................................................................. 46 92

12.0 ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... 48 93

12.1 Standard Acronyms (Applicable to all AF installations) ........................................................... 48 94

12.2 Installation Acronyms .................................................................................................................. 48 95

13.0 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................. 50 96

13.1 Standard Definitions (Applicable to all AF installations).......................................................... 50 97

13.2 Installation Definitions ................................................................................................................. 50 98

14.0 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................... 51 99 Appendix A. Annotated Summary of Key Legislation Related to Design and Implementation of 100 the INRMP ............................................................................................................................................. 51 101

Appendix B – Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................................. 57 102

Appendix C – ESA Coordination Process ............................................................................................... 59 103

Appendix D – MSSC Site plan with Silversword locations ................................................................... 61 104

Appendix E- MSSC Silversword GPS Survey and Inventory .............................................................. 62 105

Appendix F- Email from the USFWS ..................................................................................................... 65 106

15.0 ASSOCIATED PLANS .................................................................................................................... 67 107

DOCUMENT CONTROL 110

Record of Review – The INRMP is updated not less than annually, or as changes to natural resource 111 management and conservation practices occur, including those driven by changes in applicable regulations. 112 In accordance with (IAW) the Sikes Act and AFI 32-7064, Natural Resources Management, the INRMP is 113 required to be reviewed for operation and effect not less than every five years. Annual reviews and updates 114 are accomplished by the base Natural Resources Manager (NRM), and/or an Installation Support Team 115 Natural Resources Media Manager. The installation shall establish and maintain regular communications 116 with the appropriate federal and state agencies. At a minimum, the installation NRM (with assistance as 117 appropriate from the NR Media Manager) conducts an annual review of the INRMP in coordination with 118 internal stakeholders and local representatives of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 119 state fish and wildlife agency, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, 120 where applicable, and accomplishes pertinent updates. Installations will document the findings of the annual 121 review in an Annual INRMP Review Summary. By signature to the Annual INRMP Review Summary, the 122 collaborating agency representative asserts concurrence with the findings. Any agreed updates are then 123 made to the document, at a minimum updating the work plans. Following update, the installation NRM 124 obtains approval signatures on the updated document. 125

INRMP APPROVAL/SIGNATURE PAGES 126

Update Register 128

Page Number Update # Date Changed 130

1 - end 1 January 11, 1999 131

1 - end 2 April 15, 2002 132

1 - end 3 May 1, 2003 133

1 - end 4 June 3, 2004 134

1 - end 5 December 27, 2006 135

1 - end 6 September 2009 136

1 - end 7 June 2012 137

1 – end 8 September 2015 138

Update Notes 142

Update 1, January 11, 1999 143

Minor rewrite incorporating the USFWS and AFCEE review comments and various name changes. 144 More extensive USFWS and AFCEE comments to be incorporated in next major rewrite (est. 2000). 145

Update 2, April 15, 2002 146

Minor update designed to incorporate review comments from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural 147 Resources and to ensure that the INRMP is in full accordance with AFI 32-7064. 148

Update 3, May 1, 2003 149

Minor update designed to incorporate review comments from AFRL/RD. 150

Update 4, June 3, 2004 151

Minor updates to include reference to Pest Management Plan. Removed appendixes. 152

Update 5, December 27, 2006 153

Minor updates to include reference to Sikes Act and September 2005 Petrel report 154

Update 6, September 2009 155

Major reformatting to follow recommended outline provided by AFI 32-7064. 156

Update 7, June 2012 157

Reformatting to follow AFI 32-7064 and incorporate recent survey data and incorporate the Sikes Act 158 Improvement Act requirements. 159

Update 8, December 2015 160 Reformatting to follow revised Air Force template and update to include 2015 RME Biological survey 161 results. 162

1231470219C Typewritten Text

1231470219C Typewritten Text

164 Maui Space Surveillance Complex and Remote Maui Experiment Site

166 The signatures below represent the mutual agreement of the United States Air Force, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 167 Service, and the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources that this Integrated Natural Resources 168 Management Plan has been prepared in accordance with all applicable authorities, statutes, and regulations 169 pertaining to the conservation and management of natural resources on these sites.

See next page.

Mary M. Abrams, Ph.D.

Field Supervisor Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office US Fish and Wildlife Service

See next page.

Suzanne D. Case Chairperson HawaiiDLNR

Date

Date

164 Maui Space Surveillance Complex and Remote Maui Experiment Site

166 The signatures below represent the mutual agreement of the United States Air Force, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 167 Service, and the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources that this Integrated Natural Resources 168 Management Plan has been prepared in accordance with all applicable authorities, statutes, and regulations 169 pertaining to the conservation and management of natural resources on these sites.

Lt Col Andrew J Emery, USAF AFRL/DET 15 Installation Commander

Mary M. Abrams, Ph.D.

Field Supervisor Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office US Fish and Wildlife Service

Suzam; D. Case Chairperson HawaiiDLNR

(UJ

Date

Date

1l I tl [,{) Date

Annual Review and Coordination Page 196

The purpose of the annual review is to establish and maintain regular communications with the 198 appropriate federal, state, and installation organizations to address issues concerning implementation of 199 the INRMP. At a minimum, this shall include an annual review of the INRMP by the installation in 200 coordination with USFWS and State DLNR. The annual review will be certified by the installation or 201 wing commander or designee. 202

The annual review verifies that: (1) all “must fund” projects and activities have been budgeted for and 203 implementation is on schedule; (2) all required trained natural resources positions are filled or are in the 204 process of being filled; (3) projects and activities for the upcoming year have been identified and included 205 in the INRMP (Note: an updated project list does not necessitate revising the INRMP if the goals and 206 objectives remain unchanged); (4) all required coordination with USFWS and DLNR has occurred; and 207

(5) any significant changes to the installation’s mission requirements or its natural resources have been 208 identified. 209

Record of Annual Review

Date Reviewer Agency Comments/Updates Submitted?

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 213

The purpose of an Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) is to “assist the installation 214 commander with the conservation and rehabilitation of natural resources consistent with the use of the 215 installation to ensure the readiness of the Armed Forces” (AFI 32-7064). This INRMP will guide the 216 protection and management of all natural resources at the Air Force Research Laboratory 217 (AFRL)/Detachment 15 (DET 15), Maui Space Surveillance Complex (MSSC) and Remote Maui 218 Experiment Site (RME). It will also ensure compliance with all directives, policies, and guidelines set 219 forth by the United States Air Force (USAF) and Department of Defense (DoD) as well as all state and 220 federal laws. This plan contains goals, practices, and guidelines for the management of natural resources. 221 It provides descriptions of the physical and biotic environments at the MSSC and RME and discusses 222 how the USAF mission may affect these resources. The implementation of the INRMP will benefit the 223 USAF because it provides guidance for the management and conservation of natural resources that will 224 maintain or improve the diversity of native species, avoid the introduction of invasive species to the 225 fragile ecosystem, and minimize the impact on natural resources and the USAF mission at the MSSC and 226 RME. The INRMP will provide a framework for the Installation Commander to implement management 227 of natural resources in accordance with the military mission. 228

The implementation of these goals will not require significant changes in management direction of the 229 installation locations. The successful implementation of these goals will improve the natural environment 230 for all users of the area by promoting biological diversity, protecting threatened and endangered species, 231 and maintaining a balanced and healthy ecosystem for the implementation of any specific construction 232 projects or actions that might impact this plan, the appropriate environmental impact analysis 233 (Environmental Impact Statement [EIS]/Environmental Assessment [EA]/or Categorical Exclusion 234 [CATEX]) will be performed, as required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and 32 CFR 235 989, Department of the Air Force, Environmental Impact Analysis Process. 236

The USAF proposes to implement this INRMP, which supports the management of natural resources. 237 The purpose of the INRMP is to carry out the set of resource-specific management measures, which 238 would enable AFRL Det 15 to effectively manage the use and condition of natural resources within these 239 locations. Implementation of this INRMP would support the USAF’s continuing need to ensure the safety 240 and efficiency of the mission, while practicing sound resource stewardship and complying with 241 environmental policies and regulations. 242

Goals of this INRMP are: 243

Goal 1: Comply with the Sikes Act Improvement Act of 1997, and the Sikes Act 244 Reauthorization Act of 2013, as amended and the Air Force Instruction (AFI 32-7064) Integrated 245 Natural Resources Management, as updated; 246

Goal 2: Foster an atmosphere of coordination and cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 247 Service (USFWS), Haleakalā National Park Service (NPS), and Hawaii Department of Land and 248 Natural Resources (DLNR) to inventory, map and preserve endangered species on or near the 249 site; 250

Goal 3: Ensure populations of threatened and endangered species on or near the site are 251 protected and managed in compliance with the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended 252

(ESA); 253

Goal 4: Prevent the introduction of or the spread of invasive species to the summit area (MSSC) 255 and at RME in accordance with the NPS requirements; 256

Goal 5: Support resource conservation through ground maintenance programs and plans, when 258 and where possible; 259

Goal 6: Increase the awareness, appreciation and conservation of natural resources on MSSC 261 and RME. 262

This INRMP is not an environmental document prepared to satisfy requirements of NEPA. Prior to 263 implementation of land disturbance type actions, or other proposed projects, the Environmental Impact 264 Analysis Process (EIAP) will be performed, per NEPA, to determine environmental impacts. 265

1.0 OVERVIEW AND SCOPE 267

This INRMP was developed to provide for effective management and protection of natural resources. It 268 summarizes the natural resources present on the installation and outlines strategies to adequately manage 269 those resources. Natural resources are valuable assets of the United States Air Force. They provide the 270 natural infrastructure needed for testing weapons and technology, as well as for training military personnel 271 for deployment. Sound management of natural resources increases the effectiveness of Air Force 272 adaptability in all environments. The Air Force has stewardship responsibility over the physical lands on 273 which installations are located to ensure all natural resources are properly conserved, protected, and used 274 in sustainable ways. The primary objective of the Air Force natural resources program is to sustain, restore 275 and modernize natural infrastructure to ensure operational capability and no net loss in the capability of AF 276 lands to support the military mission of the installation. The plan outlines and assigns responsibilities for 277 the management of natural resources, discusses related concerns, and provides program management 278 elements that will help to maintain or improve the natural resources within the context of the installation’s 279 mission. The INRMP is intended for use by all base personnel. The Sikes Act is the legal driver for the 280

INRMP. 281

1.1 Purpose and Scope 282

The Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) is a road map for ecosystem and natural 283 resources management at the MSSC and RME. The plan integrates the management of natural resources 284 with the USAF mission and reflects an interdisciplinary approach to ecosystem management. As stated in 285 AFI 32-7064, the INRMP is prepared “to assist the installation commander with the conservation and 286 rehabilitation of natural resources consistent with the use of the installation to ensure the readiness of the 287 Armed Forces.” 288

The purpose of this plan is to: 289

• Describe the current status and desired future conditions of natural resources at MSSC and RME; 290

• Document decisions regarding management, use, and protection of natural resources; 291

• Communicate resource management planning and decision-making information in a way that is 292 useful to installation managers, contractors, Federal, State and local agencies and the general 293 public; and 294

• Provide information to serve as a baseline for measuring future changes and impacts to the 295 installation's natural resources. 296

The INRMP presents a description of land use, land management practices, and natural resource 298 management activities at the MSSC and RME sites. Maps, ownership data, and other information on land 299 specific to the installations are included. Such documentation ensures continuity in the context of periodic 300 replacement of personnel, and it allows identification of local land treatment measures that reflect 301 compliance with regulatory requirements. 302

1.2 Management Philosophy 303

The INRMP will be integrated and coordinated with the site’s environmental plans and other planning 304 documents to ensure that mission activities of R&D/O&M related to the DET 15 mission are conducted 305 consonant with sound ecosystem management for the protection of biodiversity while ensuring 306 conservation. Maintaining ecosystem integrity promotes good stewardship by protecting existing 307 biodiversity while ensuring lasting use of the installation. This plan establishes general goals for 308 management, use, and protection of existing natural resources and specific goals for protecting threatened 309 and endangered species in the area. 310

As an interdisciplinary document, the INRMP incorporates guidance from multiple resources: 311 environmental assessments performed at the installation, environmental management plans, the US Fish 312 and Wildlife Service (USFWS); State of Hawaii laws; Air Force regulations and instructions; the MSSC 313 lease agreement between the Board of Regents of the University of Hawaii (UH) and the United States of 314 America for AFRL property at Haleakalā; the RME license agreement with the Haleakalā Ranch Company; 315 Haleakalā National Park, National Park Service (NPS); the University of Hawaii (UH) Haleakalā High 316 Altitude Observatory Site Management Plan (HOMP); and information gathered from existing plans and 317 documents related to natural resource management. 318

At a minimum, the natural resource management strategies described in this plan will be reviewed on an 319 annual basis and updated every five (5) years by the AFRL/RD and DET 15 Environmental Safety and 320 Occupational Health Council (ESOHC.) Threatened and endangered species management and grounds 321 maintenance are management strategies required for the MSSC and RME.. 322

1.3 Authority 323

This INRMP has been developed, and will be implemented, through the authority found in various laws, 324 regulations, policies, directives, and agreements including the following: 325

Installation-Specific Policies (including State and Local Laws and Regulations) Public Laws • Sikes Act, 16 U.S.C. 670 et seq.

• National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.

• Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.

• Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, 43 U.S.C.

1701 et seq.

• Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, 16 U.S.C. 703-712 et seq.

State of Hawaii • Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Chapter 13: Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) Department of Defense • DoDI 4715.3 Natural Resources Conservation Program

(February 2011)

• DoDM 4715.03 Integrated Natural Resources Management

Plan (INRMP) Implementation Manual (December 2013) Air Force Instructions and Policy Directives

• AFI 32-7064, Integrated Natural Resources Management (18 November 2014)

• AFI 32-7065, Cultural Resources Management (19 Nov 2014)

• AFPD 32-70, Environmental Quality

• AFI 32-7062, Air Force Comprehensive Planning

• AFI 32-1021, Planning and Programming of Facility

Construction Projects Contract • SOW for IROSS Research and Development and Site

Infrastructure, 2006-2012

• Host Maintenance Contract, WCFS, 2012-2017

1.4 Integration with Other Plans 327

This INRMP was prepared in consultation with and is consistent with other MSSC and RME plans. 328 Documents consulted included: 329

• MSSS Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP), 2010-2015 330

• MSSC, Remote Maui Experiment Site and MHPCC Integrated Pest Management Plan, December 331

2014 332

• MSSC, RME, and All Other Det 15 Locations, Hazardous Waste Management Plan (HWMP), 333

January 2015 334

The MSSS ICRMP identifies the cultural resources, including both historic and archaeological resources at 336 the MSSC and RME sites. The ICRMP includes an inventory of archaeologic sites located adjacent to 337 MSSC and one historic building that is eligible for National Registration. Additionally, the ICRMP 338 identifies cultural resource compliance-related issues unique to MSSC and procedures for consultation and 339 management of potential conflicts or contingencies. 340

The Integrated Pest Management Plan provides a snapshot of AFRL/Det 15 pest management operations at 341 the MSSC and RME sites. It identifies specific insect, rodent, and invasive plant species and acceptable 342 methods for controlling each pest at each site. 343

The MSSC HWMP describes the actions and procedures necessary to ensure compliance with all applicable 344 federal, state, and local laws and regulations related to hazardous waste management, reporting, and 345 pollution prevention.. 346

2.0 INSTALLATION PROFILE 348

Office of Primary Responsibility The AFRL/DET 15 Installation Commander has overall responsibility for implementing the Natural Resources Management program and is the lead organization for monitoring compliance with applicable federal, state and local regulations

Natural Resources Manager/POC Ms. Michelle Hedrick, 505-846-4574, michelle.hedrick.1@us.af.mil

State and local regulatory POCs (Include agency name for Sikes Act cooperating agencies)

-Robyn Thorson, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1 -Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources

Total acreage managed by installation

7.8

Total acreage of wetlands 0 Total acreage of forested land 0 Does installation have any Biological Opinions? (If yes, list title and date, and identify where they are maintained)

None.

NR Program Applicability (Place a checkmark next to each program that must be implemented at the installation. Document applicability and current management practices in Section 7.0)

☐ Fish and Wildlife Management Program Threatened and endangered species Invasive species ☐ Wetlands Protection Program ☐ Grounds Maintenance Contract/SOW ☐ Forest Management Program ☐ Wildland Fire Management Program ☐ Agricultural Outleasing Program Integrated Pest Management Program ☐ Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) Program Coastal Zones/Marine Resources Management Program Cultural Resources Management Program

2.1 Installation Overview 350

2.1.1 Location and Area 351

AFRL/DET 15 performs research and development of technologies to enhance the AF situational 352 awareness of objects in space. DET 15 has three main complexes that support this research; the Maui 353 High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC), MSSC and RME which are all located on the island of 354 Maui, Hawaii, (Figure 1). DET 15’s parent command, AFRL/RD is headquartered at Kirtland Air Force 355 Base (AFB), New Mexico. It is recognized as the DOD’s center of expertise for lasers, high-power 356 microwaves, and other directed energy technologies. 357

Figure 1: Location map of MSSC and RME on the Island of Maui 359

Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC), Kihei – Maui Hawaii. The MHPCC Defense 360 Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRC), established in 1993, is managed by AFRL/DET 15. The 361 MHPCC is one of five U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) supercomputer sites using high performance 362 computing system that allocate more than 70 million computational hours annually to the DSRC, 363 Research, Development, Test and Evaluation community is a national resource at the forefront of High 364 Performance Computing Chartered to support a diverse base of DoD and other government users, the 365 MHPCC DSRC is facilitating the collaborations needed to solve tomorrow’s complex computational 366 problems today. 367

The MHPCC facility, (Figure 2) is located on the Island of Maui, Hawaii at Kihei within the Maui 368 Research and Technology Park (MRTP.) The facility is approximately 31,760 gross square feet and sits 369 on 2.7 acres with paved parking, and landscaping surrounding the facility. Grounds maintenance for this 370 facility is managed by MRTP and is not subject to management under this INRMP. 371

Figure 2: The MHPCC Facility, located in the Maui Research and Technology Park in Kihei, HI houses the Det 15 373

Headquarters Offices 374

Maui Space Surveillance Complex (MSSC), Haleakalā - Maui Hawaii. The Air Force MSSC is 375 located on the Island of Maui, Hawaii, at the 10,000 foot elevation of the summit of Haleakalā, the eastern 376 and larger of two volcanic masses that form the island. Ownership and management of the MSSC was 377 transferred from the Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) to the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC), 378 AFRL/RD in 2000. The MSSC is a state-of-the-art electro-optical complex combining operational 379 satellite tracking facilities with a research and development facility. It operates three DET 15 telescopes 380 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The facility performs vital advanced space surveillance operations, 381 including space object identification. Due to year-round viewing conditions and a relatively stable 382 climate, the facility routinely performs deep space observing operations and has the capability of 383 projecting lasers into the atmosphere. 384

The MSSC has three main facilities; the Maui Space Surveillance System (MSSS) building that includes 385 the three Space Command Ground-based Electro Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) system 386 GEODSS telescope towers that track satellites and obtain data; the Butler building that houses the 387 operations and maintenance equipment and personnel; and the Advanced Electro-Optical System (AEOS) 388 facility that contains the 3.6m telescope, the mirror coating facility and laboratories; is located within the 389 Haleakalā High Altitude Observatory site (HO). 390

Figure 3: The MSSC consists of 4.4 acres and is located within the Haleakalā Observatory (HO) site ceded to the 392

University of Hawaii by the State of Hawaii. 393

AFRL hosts University of Hawaii and other visiting experimenters at the MSSC. The HO site is an 18-394 acre parcel of land ceded to the University of Hawaii (UH) in 1961 through State of Hawaii Executive 395 Order 1987 (Figure 3). MSSC comprises approximately 4.4 acres of land leased by the United States of 396 America Air Force and owned by the University of Hawaii. The site, constructed in 1965, is currently 397 under the jurisdiction of the AFRL. MSSC is adjacent to the boundary of Haleakalā National Park and 398 the Kula Forest Reserve. The HO parcel resides in the General subzone of the State Conservation 399 District, the management of which is regulated by State of Hawaii Revised Statutes and the UH Long 400 Range Development Plan (LRDP). 401

Figure 4: RME Site is leased from a privately-owned ranch located in Kihei, HI approximately one mile east of the 404

MHPCC. 405

Remote Maui Experiment (RME), Kihei - Maui Hawaii. An adjunct facility, the RME site is a 3.4 acre 406 Air Force site leased from Haleakalā Ranch (a privately-owned ranch). The site is located near the Maui 407 Research and Technology Park and MHPCC in Kihei (at sea level.) The surrounding ranch property is 408 maintained primarily as an active cattle operation. 409

In 1982 a receiving station was constructed in Kihei at the newly constructed Relay Mirror Experiment 410 facility (RME). The RME site was used to test a program that could demonstrate that a laser beam could 411 be accurately relayed from earth to an orbiting satellite and then back to a target on the ground. Although 412 this experiment is no longer performed the renamed Remote Maui Experiment (RME) is still used for 413 laboratory research to support space situational awareness technology efforts. The RME facility currently 414 houses administrative personnel, optics, and electronics laboratory space. The RME site plan shown in 415 Figure 4 is surrounded by a 10-foot high chain link perimeter fence and contains sparse vegetation. The 416 ground within the site is mostly covered with a four-inch course of lava rock. 417

Both the MSSC and RME sites are leased and licensed parcels, respectively, owned by non-federal 418 entities. The MSSC parcel is leased from the University of Hawaii, and the RME site is licensed from 419 Haleakalā Ranch. As a result, the Air Force is obligated to comply with the terms and conditions of each 420 agreement and any associated Federal or State environmental laws and guidance documents and 421 implementing the natural resource management activities identified in the INRMP. 422

Installation/GSU Location and Area Descriptions 424

Base/GSU Name Main Use/Mission Acreage

Addressed in

INRMP?

Describe NR Implications

[Maui High Performance Computing

Center]

Main Det 15 Headquarters Offices and High

Performance Computing Center

2.7 No The MHPCC Building is

located in the Maui Research and Technology Park with paved parking and landscaping managed under a MRTP contract.

[Maui Space Surveillance

Complex]

The MSSC is a state-of-the-art electro-optical complex combining operational satellite tracking facilities with a research and development facility. It operates three DET 15 telescopes 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The facility performs vital advanced space surveillance operations, including space object identification.

4.4 Yes Endangered and threatened

species of animals: Hawaiian dark-rumped petrels (Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis), Hawaiian goose (Branta sandvicensis), Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus); and Hawaiian Yellow-faced (Hylaeus sp) bee and plants: Silversword (Argyroxiphium sandwicense var. macrocephalum) have been identified as living near and within the MSSC compound.

[Remote Maui

Experiment (RME) Site]

Laboratory research site supporting space situational awareness technology R&D efforts

3.4 Yes The endangered Hawaiian

hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) and Blackburn's sphinx moth (Manduca blackburn) have been identified in the area adjacent to RME. Other NR management consists of pest control within RME buildings and control of non-native weeds on the site.

2.1.2 Installation History 426

MSSC. The MSSC has been used for space surveillance and electro-optical research for over forty years. 427 Construction by the USAF began in 1963 and initial site operations started in 1965. The MSSC has been 428 used continuously ever since by various hosts and tenants (ARPA, DARPA, SAC, NORAD, AFSC, 429 AFSPC, and AFMC). The original leasehold was 2.5 acres and subsequent additions have brought the 430 total leased area for the MSSC to approximately 4.4 acres. 431

RME. In 1988 a receiving station was also constructed in Kīhei at the newly completed Relay Mirror 432 Experiment (RME) facility. The site was designed to demonstrate and evaluate the ability to transmit low 433 power lasers over long distances via relay satellites and ground stations. The program consisted of two 434 separate facilities: a ground-based laser source system and an experiment scoring and control center 435 (ESCC). In 2000 the site was renamed Remote Maui Experiment Site to support the multiple tests that 436 included RF receiving, a radar transmitter and the Raven telescope. Not a specific telescope 437 configuration, Raven is, instead, the concept of combining commercially available components and 438 integrating them into a system supporting specific requirements or missions. 439

2.1.3 Military Missions 440

The MSSC conducts space surveillance and research for the U.S. Department of Defense. The operations 441 are performed in the three GEODSS telescope towers, two telescopes of MSSS and the 3.6m telescope in 442

AEOS. 443

There are two missions performed at the MSSC. The first is to perform research and development of 444 optical acquisition, tracking, measurement, and propagation technologies for laser beam control and 445 imaging applications involving satellites and other objects in support of the Air Force Research 446 Laboratory, Optics Division (AFRL/RDS). The unique location for electro-optical instrumentation at the 447 summit of Haleakalā provides significant capabilities for deep space surveillance, the second mission. 448 The MSSC and GEODSS missions are operated primarily by contractor personnel. 449

The RME site is used to support various AFRL experiments in the areas of optical and laser technology 450 research and development. The site provides a line of sight to the MSSC for experiments requiring 451 extended ranges and facilities to support ground to space technology developments. 452

The MSSC and RME is a branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate 453 headquartered on Kirtland AFB, NM. The Branch Commander's office is located in the MHPCC Building 454 in Kihei. 455

Listing of Tenants and NR Responsibility 456

Tenant Organization NR Responsibility GEODSS at MSSC The AFRL Det 15 Commander is responsible for ensuring natural resources management and compliance for GEODSS activities.

2.1.4 Surrounding Communities 458

There are no communities in the immediate vicinity of the MSSC site. The nearest community is the 459 rural town of Kula, which is located approximately five miles northwest of the installation and 460 approximately twenty miles by road. In 2010, Kula had an estimated population of approximately 10,000 461 people. 462

The RME site is located on the east side of the town of Kihei across from the Pi’ilani Highway. Kihei is 463 situated on the southwestern coast of Maui and was historically noted for its dry, dusty and hot days with 464 typically less than 8-10 inches of rain annually. However, Kihei has become a top tourist destination with 465 its numerous shopping malls and miles of beaches. The town currently has a resident population of 466 approximately 25,000 people. 467

2.1.5 Local and Regional Natural Areas 468

The most significant natural areas that are within the vicinity of the MSSC site are the Haleakalā National 469 Park and several nearby state forest preserves. Established in 1916, Haleakalā National Park protects 470 over 30,000 acres of land on the island of Maui. Within the park, over 24,000 acres of land are 471 designated as wilderness, and this land is managed and protected under the Wilderness Act of 1964. The 472 park contains a number of diverse ecosystems across its landscape which rises from sea level to over 473 10,000 feet in elevation. These landscapes include alpine aeolian, subalpine shrub lands, rainforest, dry 474 forest, and stream ecosystems. 475

Haleakalā is the largest and easternmost of the volcanic complexes that make up Maui. Maui is the 476 second largest island of the Hawaiian Archipelago at 726 square miles, the second youngest island, and 477 the second highest island. Haleakalā is the world’s largest dormant shield volcano made up of thousands 478 of thin (average 15 feet thick) basaltic lava flows. Each island of the Hawaiian chain is the summit of a 479 huge volcanic mountain rising 15,000 feet from the ocean floor to sea level. The Hawaiian Archipelago 480 is 2,000 miles from the nearest continent and 500 miles from any other land. The Hawaiian chain forms a 481 southeast trending line roughly 1,500 miles long. The Hawaiian Islands are in a sub-tropical climate, 482 lying between the equatorial zone and the mid-latitude zone at latitudes of 19 - 22 degrees North. 483

2.2 Physical Environment 484

2.2.1 Climate 485

The MSSC site is located on the summit with an altitude of 10,000 feet elevation in a zone that is subject 486 to greater seasonal temperature variations than the lower slopes of Haleakalā or most other areas in 487 Hawaii. Temperatures may fluctuate by thirty degrees or more from night to day, and daytime 488 temperatures generally range from as high as 73 degrees F in the summer to below 20 degrees F in the 489 winter (Western Regional Climate Center 2012). The colder Winter temperatures combined with moist 490 air sometimes result in frost, hail, snow, or sleet. At the summit annual rainfall totals average 491 approximately 39 inches per year. The MSSC is above the inversion layer of the atmosphere much of the 492 time. The air is generally clear and visibility is generally clear depending on the weather. 493

4.1.2. The climate of the RME site, located at approximately 280 feet above sea level, is mild and 494 characterized by air temperatures that vary minimally. Located on the leeward side of Maui, Kihei is dry 495 and hot with a total annual rainfall of approximately 8-10 inches. High temperatures throughout the year 496 average between 81 and 90 degrees F, with the highest temperatures occurring in August. Similarly, low 497 temperatures do not fluctuate greatly and average between 62 and 67 degrees F. 498

2.2.2 Landforms 499

The MSSC site is wholly contained within Pu’u Kolekole. The Kolekole volcanic center is located in 500 East Maui on the southwest rift of Haleakalā, adjacent to the deeply eroded and spectacular summit 501 depression. Geological field studies describe the HO property as an asymmetric volcanic cone whose 502 slopes are steeper at the western and northwestern sides, while the eastern and southern slopes are gentler. 503 Much of the northern slope — most of which is occupied by the MSSC — is flattened and had been 504 disturbed. The central crater of Kolekole is described as a flattened bowl of ponded ankaramite lava, 505 spatter and pyroclastic ejecta (KC Environmental, Inc. 2010). 506

The installation is situated at 10,000 feet above sea level on the north-northwest edge of a truncated cone-507 shaped hill. The hill is approximately 2,000 feet wide at the base, 600 feet high and 900 feet wide across 508 the top. To the northwest of the site there is a very steep down-slope, with rocky slopes surrounding the 509 rest of the facility. 510

RME is located east of the Pi’ilani Highway on Haleakalā ranch land in Kihei and is east of the Maui 511 Research & Technology Park and Maui High Performance Computing Center. RME is located at sea 512 level and is surrounded by dry grasses (buffelgrass), low rocky ridges and shallow gullies. The soil is 513 stony silty clay loam (volcanic rock), 3-25% slope which covers hard igneous bedrock. The soil has 514 moderate permeability, medium runoff and severe erosion. Very little vegetation grows at site, with the 515 exception of non-native weeds. 516

2.2.3 Geology and Soils 517

The Haleakalā shield volcano’s most recent eruption occurred sometime between the years 1790 and 518 1793AD, along the southwest major rift zone on the mountain near the base of the southwestern slope. 519 The flows are several miles wide and were the last eruptions of the Hana volcanic series, characterized by 520 cinder cones and lava along the southwest rift and slopes of the mountain. The MSSC is built on the 521 prehistoric cinder and lava eruptions of the preceding eruptive phase, termed the Kula series (Kolekole 522 cinder cone). The substrate beneath the facility consists of about 100 feet of alkalic pyroclastic cinders 523 blown out of a vent roughly 300 feet west of MSSC. It is a mixture of ash, cinders, pumice and lava, 524 which are black, red, yellow, brown, or variegated in color. Deeper beneath MSSC are inter-bedded 525 ankaramite basalt lava flows in the cinder cone. 526

Poorly sorted pyroclastic debris and lava belonging to volcanic activity from the most recent eruptive 527 phase characterize the materials at the summit of Haleakalā. As a result, soil development is very poor to 528 non-existent, and even the finest clastic material is nearly devoid of organic content. This area of the 529 summit can support only a sparse distribution of hardy plants. 530

The geology and soils of the RME site consist of alluvium, dune sand, colluviums, mudflow deposits, and 531 lagoonal deposits (University of Hawaii, Department of Geography 1983). The soils are classified as 532 WID2 – Waiakoa is extremely stony, silty clay loam 3 to 25 percent slopes, eroded (USDWS Web Soil 533 Survey 2012). Most of the RME site has been covered in 4 inches of crushed lava rock. 534

2.2.4 Hydrology 535

Because the cinders are extremely porous there are no permanent surface water flows on or near the 536 MSSC. During rain events, most of the runoff generated at the MSSC is diverted by culverts and pipes 537 into the infiltration basin located in the…