Attch_1i_-_LAAFB_Facilities_Excellence_Plan_2014.pdf

Los Angeles

Air Force Base

Facilities

Excellence

Plan 2014

FA4610-17-R-0002

Attachment 1i

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Facilities Excellence plan 2014

Table of Contents:

Section 1: Introduction

1.1 Facilities Excellence Program

1.1.1 Facilities Excellence Plan Purpose

1.1.2 Air Force Space Command Facilities Excellence Guide

1.1.3 Facilities Excellence Program and Standards Handbook

1.2 Planning Description

1.3 FEP Organization

1.4 Installation Description

1.4.1 LAAFB, Main Base

1.4.2 Fort MacArthur

1.4.3 Pacific Heights and Pacific Crest

1.4.4 Camp Parks

1.4.5 Carson Annex 4

1.5 History

1.5.1 LAAFB Main Base

1.5.2 Fort MacArthur

1.5.3 Pacific Crest & Pacific Heights

1.5.4 Camp Parks Communication Annex

1.5.5 Carson Annex

1.6 Local and Regional Condition

1.6.1 Vicinity & Adjacent Neighborhoods

1.6.2 Climate

1.7 Character Areas

Section 2: Architectural Standards

2.1 LAAFB, Main Base

2.1.1 Assets

2.1.2 Recommendations

2.1.3 Form/Scale/Height/Massing

2.1.4 Material/Color/Finishes

2.1.5 Roofs

2.1.6 Fenestration (Windows and Doors)

2.1.7 Entries

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2014 Facilities Excellence Plan

2.2 Fort MacArthur

2.2.1 Roofs

2.2.2 Foundations

2.2.3 Walls

2.2.4 Porches

2.2.5 Windows

2.2.6 Doors

2.2.7 Colors

2.2.8 Painting

2.2.9 Perimeter Fencing

2.2.10 Considerations for Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

2.2.11 Phone/Communication

2.2.12 Mechanical Equipment

2.2.13 Additions

2.3 Site Development Guidelines

2.3.1 Site Conditions

2.3.1.1 Topography

2.3.1.2 Surrounding Land Use

2.3.1.3 Natural Site Systems

2.3.1.4 Circulation Systems

2.3.1.5 Utility Systems

2.3.2 Building Orientation

2.3.2.1 Functional Relationships

2.3.2.2 Functional Hierarchy

2.3.2.3 Scale

2.3.3 Site Planning

2.3.3.1 Site Analysis

2.3.3.2 Preservation of Natural Site Features

2.3.3.3 Site Context

2.3.3.4 Building and Site Configuration

2.3.4 ADA Site Standards

2.3.5 Force Protection

Section 3: Building Interior Standards

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3.1 Introduction

3.2 General Observations

3.2.1 Image and Function

3.2.2 Lighting

3.2.3 Energy Efficiency

3.2.4 Air Quality and Temperature

3.2.5 Acoustics

3.2.6 Space Allocation

3.2.6.1 Space Allocation Enforcement

3.2.7 Ancillary Spaces

3.2.8 Accessories

3.2.8.1 Artwork, Trophy Cases, and Awards:

3.2.8.2 Signage:

3.2.9 Conference Rooms:

3.2.10 Emergency Exits:

3.2.11 Fire Protection Systems

3.2.12 Craftsmanship and Installation

3.3 Recommendations

3.3.1 Image and Function

3.3.2 Lighting

3.3.3 Energy Efficiency

3.3.4 Air Quality and Temperature

3.3.4.1 Cooling

3.3.4.2 Heating

3.3.5 Acoustics

3.3.6 Space Planning and Work Tools

3.3.7 Ancillary Spaces

3.3.7.1 Reception and Waiting Area

3.3.7.2 Supply, Copying, and Filing

3.3.7.3 Break Rooms, Vending, and Coffee Areas

3.3.7.4 Large Break Rooms

3.3.7.5 Conference Rooms:

3.3.8 Accessories

3.3.8.1 Department Artwork

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3.3.8.2 Bulletin Boards

3.3.8.3 Decorative Plants

3.3.8.4 Trophy Cases

3.3.9 Fire Protections Systems

3.3.10 Craftsmanship and Installation

3.4 Space Planning Criteria

3.4.1 Ancillary Space

3.4.1.1 Reception Areas

3.4.1.2 Waiting Areas:

3.4.1.3 Coat Storage:

3.4.1.4 Conference Room:

3.4.1.5 Training Rooms

3.4.1.6 Telecommunications Rooms

3.4.2 Office Workspace Layouts

3.4.2.1 Break Rooms

3.4.2.2 File, Supply, and Storage Areas

3.4.2.3 Supply and Storage Areas

3.4.3 Equipment Areas

3.4.4 Workspace Furniture

3.4.4.1 LAAFB Systems Furniture Workspace

3.5 Finish Standards

3.5.1 Interior Materials

3.5.1.1 Carpet

3.5.1.2 Color

3.5.1.3 Tile

3.5.1.4 Paint

3.5.1.5 Ceilings

3.5.1.6 Accessories

3.5.1.7 Demountable Walls

3.5.2 Lighting

3.5.3 Operational Finishes

3.5.4 Interior Signage

3.5.4.1 Style and Color

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3.5.4.2 Typeface and Layout

3.5.4.3 Installation

3.5.4.4 Illumination

3.5.4.5 Types

3.5.4.6 Conference Room Door

3.6 Bathrooms

Section 4: Landscape Development

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 General Recommendations

4.1.1.1 LAAFB

4.1.1.2 Fort MacArthur

4.2 Landscape Character Areas

4.2.1 LAAFB, Main Base

4.2.2 Fort MacArthur

4.3 General Guidelines

4.3.1 Planting Principles

4.3.2 Planting Guidelines

4.3.2.1 Trees

4.3.2.2 Shrubs

4.3.3 General Landscape Elements

4.3.3.1 Slopes and Berms

4.3.3.2 Retaining Walls

4.3.3.3 Ground Fabrics

4.3.3.4 Decorative Rock Blanket

4.3.3.5 Edging and Headers

4.3.3.6 Root Barriers

4.3.3.7 Parking Lots

4.3.3.8 Xeriscaping

4.3.3.9 Bioswale

4.4 Installation, Maintenance, and Management

4.4.1 Planting Procedures for Trees and Shrubs

Section 5: Hardscape Standards

5.1 Introduction

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5.2 Recommendations

5.3 Curbs

5.3.1 Barrier Curbs

5.3.2 Mountable Curbs

5.3.3 Painting

5.4 Parking

5.4.1 Design

5.4.2 Minimum AT/FP Standards for New and Existing Buildings

5.4.3 Off-Street Parking Guidelines

5.4.4 Parking Space Criteria

5.4.5 Parking Garages

5.4.6 Motorcycle Parking

5.4.7 Bicycle Parking

5.4.8 Open Storage Lots

5.5 Pedestrian and Cyclist Circulation System

5.5.1.1 Class I Bike Path – (Off Street Paved Bike Paths)

5.5.1.2 Class II Bikeway—(On Street Paved Bike Paths)

5.5.1.3 Class III Bikeway—(On Street Shared Lane Bicycle Routes)

5.5.2 Pathway Design

5.5.3 Curb Ramps

5.5.4 Steps

5.5.5 Crosswalks

5.6 Streets

5.6.1 Layout

5.6.2 Hierarchy

5.6.3 Intersections

5.6.4 Road Standards

5.6.5 Markings

5.6.6 Utility Cuts

5.7 Gates

5.7.1 Layout

5.7.2 Barricades

5.7.3 Force Protection

5.8 Courtyard, Plaza, and Pavements

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5.8.1 Asphalt

5.8.2 Concrete

5.8.3 Pavers

5.8.4 Water Feature

Section 6: Site Furnishings

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Courtyards and Plazas

6.3 Pavilions and Shelters

6.3.1 Gazebos

6.3.2 Shade Structures

6.3.3 Picnic Shelters

6.3.4 Bus Shelters

6.4 Site Elements

6.4.1 Seating and Benches

6.4.2 Trash Receptacles, Ash Urns, and Sand Barrels

6.4.3 Planters

6.4.4 Bike Racks

6.4.5 Bollards

6.4.6 Barricades

6.4.7 Playground Equipment

6.5 Fences, Screening, and Enclosures

6.5.1 Free-Standing Walls

6.5.2 Fences

6.5.2.1 Perimeter Fence

6.5.2.2 Screen Fence

6.5.2.3 Green Fence

6.5.2.4 Vehicle Intrusion Deterrent Fence

6.5.2.5 Chain Link Fence

6.5.3 Dumpster Enclosures

6.6 Information Systems

6.6.1 Newspaper Dispensers

6.6.2 Postal Drop and Pick-up Boxes

6.6.3 Vending Machines

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6.6.4 Cable TV (LAAFB Campus only)

6.6.5 Giant Voice/PA System/Mass Notification Systems

6.6.6 Non-Classified Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNet)

6.7 Monuments and Displays

6.7.1 Flag Displays

6.7.2 Monuments

6.7.3 Static Displays

6.7.4 Personal Office Space Displays

6.8 Exterior Signage

6.8.1 Base Identification Signs

6.8.2 Military Identification Signs

6.8.3 Community Identification Signs

6.8.4 Directional Signs

6.8.5 Regulatory Signs

6.8.6 Motivation Signs

6.8.7 Information Signs

6.8.8 Electronic Marquee Signs

6.8.9 Historic Interpretive Signs

6.9 Exterior Lighting

6.9.1 Area Lighting

6.9.1.1 Roadway Lighting

6.9.1.2 Parking Area Lighting

6.9.1.3 Walkway and Pathway Lighting

6.9.2 Facility Exterior Lighting

6.9.3 Special Lighting Applications

6.9.3.1 Flagpole Areas

6.9.3.2 Static Display Areas

6.9.3.3 Base Main Entrance

6.9.3.4 Landscape Lighting

Section 7: Infrastructure & Equipment Standards

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Infrastructure Standards

7.2.1 General Standards

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7.2.1.1 Survey Standards

7.2.1.2 Underground Piping Labels

7.2.2 Fire Protection Piping Systems

7.2.3 Domestic Water Piping Systems

7.2.4 Reclaimed Water Piping Systems

7.2.5 Natural Gas Piping Systems

7.2.6 Fire Hydrants

7.2.7 Back Flow Preventers

7.2.8 Electrical Distribution Ductbank Systems

7.2.9 Communications Infrastructure

7.2.9.1 Communications Infrastructure

7.2.9.2 Cyberspace Infrastructure Planning System (CIPS)

7.2.9.3 Communications Work Orders

7.2.9.4 Communications Systems Installation Records (CSIRS)

7.2.9.5 Communications Mission Data Set (CMDS)

7.2.9.6 Information Assurance

7.2.9.7 Environmental Controls

Section 8: Maintenance, Revisions, and Implementation

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Responsibilities

8.2.1 Plan Maintenance

8.2.2 Plan Revisions

8.2.3 Plan Implementation

8.3 Procedures

Appendix A: Sustainable Design .......................................................................................... i

Appendix B: Historic Preservation Standards ..................................................................... iv

Appendix C: Furniture Standards ....................................................................................... vi

Appendix D: Finishes ...................................................................................................... xviii

Appendix E: Site Furniture Finishes ................................................................................. xxiii

Appendix F: Glossary ...................................................................................................... xxxi

Appendix F: Acknowledgement .................................................................................... xxxiv

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This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Introduction | 1

2014 FACILITIES EXCELLENCE PLAN

Section 1: Introduction

1.1 Facilities Excellence Program

The Los Angeles Air Force Base (LAAFB) Facilities Excellence Plan (FEP) is a tool used to guide the development or redevelopment of all facilities on the installation. It provides guidance for site development and design, building exterior and interior design, and landscape development.

The FEP has several functions:

o Provide efficient fully functional facilities that support the mission.

o Assure mission requirements are fully met at an appropriate life cycle cost utilizing quality design, construction, maintenance, and repair.

o Assure the optimum use of existing facilities to minimize new military construction requirements.

o Assure standardization of installation, equipment, materials, and visual quality.

o Represent a wise investment of public funds.

1.1.1 Facilities Excellence Plan Purpose

Achieving facilities excellence requires careful planning and articulation of standards. This FEP document establishes and records installation-specific standards and provides a tool to ensure these standards are consistently applied. The FEP recognizes the cultural, environmental, climatic, and existing facility conditions unique to LAAFB and provides guidelines and direction to achieve the appropriate environments for people living and working at LAAFB by defining the appropriate styles, finishes, and materials to be used to achieve the best facility lifecycle costs.

1.1.2 Air Force Space Command Facilities

Excellence Guide

Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) Facilities Excellence Guide 2005 is a policy and reference document for all levels within AFSPC. It contains command policy and guidelines for installation development, planning, and design, including pictorial examples.

1.1.3 Facilities Excellence Program and

Standards Handbook

AFSPC Handbook 32-1004, 11 October 2011, provides guidance and standards to be applied when developing installation-specific Facilities Excellence Plans.

1.2 Planning Description

Initial planning for FEP development is important.

As part of the process, design decision makers will be involved in the FEP planning effort. These individuals are the main conduits through which future development of the base is routed;

therefore, they should each have a thorough understanding of the reasoning behind recommendations proposed in the FEP.

Goals and objectives should be established to assess needs and to determine program design and implementation.

A goal is a broad statement of purpose and an ideal condition. It arises from the philosophy of the organization and its needs. It is not measurable, and it does not play a part in program evaluation. For each goal a series of objectives need to be established. Objectives state the specific intent. Objectives may be a statement of priorities in accomplishing an overall FEP.

Figure 1: Existing Facilities Excellence Plan

Introduction | 2

1.3 FEP Organization

The FEP is organized to promote ease of use and accommodate routine updates and revisions.

Organization and primary components:

Section 1 – Introduction: Introduces the FEP and describes its various components.

Section 2 – Architectural Standards: Describes the built assets and liabilities of each character area. Design standards for materials, roof shapes, fenestration, entries, service areas, additions, and other items are established.

Section 3 - Building Interior: Describes general observations of existing building interiors and provides recommendations for future development, including space planning criteria, furnishings standards, finish standards, and interior signage standards including wayfinding.

Section 4 - Landscaping: Summarizes current LAAFB landscape development planning, including landscape character areas, planting principles, general landscape elements, installation, maintenance, and management topics.

Section 5 - Pavement: Identifies installation-wide pavement recommendations and standards, including roadways, parking, gates, and plazas.

Section 6 - Site Furnishings: Describes installation-wide site furnishing standards, including courtyards, pavilions, furnishings, fences, monuments, and exterior signage.

Section 7 - Infrastructure and Equipment:

Describes installation-wide systems and services required to support mission, including utilities.

Section 8 - Maintenance Revisions, and Implementation: Describes strategies for maintaining the FEP including responsibilities and procedures to ensure the FEP is followed and remains up to date.

1.4 Installation Description

LAAFB includes sites in El Segundo, California;

Fort MacArthur in San Pedro, California; Pacific Crest and Pacific Heights located in San Pedro, California; Carson Annex 4 located in Carson, California; and Camp Parks near Dublin, California. These include the main administrative and operation areas of LAAFB.

The southern edge of Fort MacArthur, Pacific Heights and Pacific Crest are considered military housing. These properties are currently managed by Tierra Vista Communities through a privatized partnership; however, the areas are still owned by LAAFB.

LAAFB’s location provides immediate access to regional, national, and international transportation. As a result, the Base occupies an excellent geographic position with respect to the entire Southern California region, allowing LAAFB to access intellectual, service, and technical resources of 20 million people living in proximity to some of the most outstanding educational and technical training institutions in the world.

1.4.1 LAAFB, Main Base

LAAFB, Main Base, is located at 400 North Douglas Street in the City of El Segundo, California. This location serves as the main administrative and operational portion of LAAFB and is comprised of 56.5 acres. It is located within an industrial neighborhood approximately one mile southeast of Los Angeles International Airport and 2.8 miles east of Dockweiler Beach State Park, on the northwest corner of the intersection of El Segundo and Aviation Boulevards. The main entrance/exit is from Douglas Street on its western boundary with an additional entrance/exit from Aviation Boulevard on its eastern boundary. Emergency gates are located along El Segundo Boulevard and north of Douglas Gate.

The Main Base at LAAFB consists of research and development facilities, administrative offices, and industrial shops.

The Base is bordered by El Segundo Boulevard to its south, Douglas Street to its west, Aviation Boulevard to its east and land owned by Northrop Grumman to its north. Land-use surrounding the Base are zoned light industrial on the south, corporate office to the east, and urban mixed-use to the north and to the west.

1.4.2 Fort MacArthur

Located at the southern most point of the

Introduction | 3 historical peninsula of San Pedro, Fort MacArthur is 96 acres in size and approximately 18 miles south of the Main Base. The Fort now serves as a housing area for military personnel who work at LAAFB, but it holds a long and proud history as an Army installation before it was acquired by the Air Force.

Currently Fort MacArthur consists of 376 privatized housing units, 28 temporary lodging facilities, recreational facilities, the historic parade ground maintained as a large open lawn area, warehouses and storage facilities, group quarters, maintenance shops, a family support squadron, a chapel, a medical clinic, and administrative offices.

To the east, the Fort is bordered by the West Channel/Cabrillo Beach recreational complex, and the Los Angeles Harbor. The north, south, and west sides of Fort MacArthur are bordered primarily by single family and multi-family dwellings, along with some commercial properties.

The main entrance to the Fort is from Pacific Avenue at Meyler Road on its western boundary with an additional entrance located at 30th Street from Pacific Avenue.

1.4.3 Pacific Heights and Pacific Crest

The Pacific Crest and Pacific Heights communities are located high atop the San Pedro peninsula located in San Pedro, California. These communities are about 2 miles north and west of Fort MacArthur.

The Pacific Crest and Pacific Heights housing communities were purchased and constructed to alleviate the housing shortage that existed after the construction of townhouses at Fort MacArthur. The 170 units of military family housing are built on 11.34 acres of land at White Point, known as Pacific Heights, and 22.09 acres of land nearby Bogdanovich Park, known as Pacific Crest.

1.4.4 Camp Parks

Located in Dublin CA, and approximately 22 miles

Figure 3: Fort MacArthur Historic District

Figure 4: Camp Parks Facilities

Figure 2: LAAFB Main Base, SMC Courtyard

Introduction | 4 east-southeast of the City of Oakland, the Camp Parks Communications Annex (ETQJ) provides radiometric calibration, testing, recording, anomaly resolution and evaluation of the on-orbit performance characteristics for Defense Satellite Communications Satellite (DSCS) and Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) satellites.

Camp Parks Annex is 11.7 acres in total and is surrounded by the US Army Camp Parks training site.

1.4.5 Carson Annex 4

The property is an 85,000 square foot office building located at 18901 South Wilmington Avenue, which lies on a 4.05 acres business park at the northwest corner of Wilmington Avenue and University Drive in the City of Carson, California. The property lies within the Dominguez Technology Center (DTC) owned and managed by Watson Partners, L.P. The tenant that operates the Annex is Defense Cost Management Agency West Region (DCMAWR).

The property was transferred to LAAFB in 2001.

The property is surrounded on the north and the west by the remainder of the DTC. On the east of the property is Wilmington Avenue, a four-lane thoroughfare, and on the south is University Drive, a four-lane thoroughfare, both owned and maintained by the City of Carson.

1.5 History

1.5.1 LAAFB Main Base

The Space and Missile Systems Center evolved from the Western Development Division, activated on July 1, 1954, in Inglewood, California. In June 1957, it was re-designated the Air Force Ballistic Missile Division (AFBMD).

In 1955, the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation purchased approximately 41 acres on the southeast corner of Aviation and El Segundo Boulevards in the City of El Segundo, where a complex of buildings was constructed for its operations. This complex became known as the Research and Development Center and was referred to as Area A. The Air Force purchased Area A in 1961 as the headquarters for the Aerospace Corporation, created in 1960 primarily to support Air Force space programs. In October

1962, a 52-acre parcel at the northwest corner of Aviation and El Segundo Boulevards, part of an aircraft plant owned by the U.S. Navy, was transferred to the Air Force and became known as Area B.

In 1962, The Aerospace Corporation purchased a 31-acre parcel directly south of Area B and built its current headquarters facilities, making Area A available for government use. By April 10, 1964, the land transfer process was complete and the Air Force property at the intersection of Aviation and El Segundo Boulevards was designated as Los Angeles Air Force Station.

The original mission of the AFBMD was to develop intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) for the U.S. Air Force (USAF). The mission was changed in February 1956 to development of the first military satellite system. The ICBM mission remained with AFBMD and its successors through the decades, but space mission was reassigned several times by the Department of Defense (DoD). In February 1958, the DoD activated the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and placed it in charge of all DoD space programs during their research and development phases. In September 1959, ARPA lost its dominant role when the DoD divided responsibility for developing military satellites among the three Services. The USAF was assigned to develop and launch all military space boosters. This arrangement continued until March 1961, when the DoD gave AFBMD responsibility for developing all military space systems, ending the role of the Army and the Navy except under exceptional circumstances.

The final policy change occurred in September 1970 when the DoD decided the USAF would remain responsible for developing, producing, and launching space boosters and deploying satellite systems for missile warning and surveillance of enemy nuclear delivery capabilities.

On August 17, 1987, Los Angeles Air Force Station was re-designated LAAFB and, in 1992, Space Division and the Ballistic Missile Office (BMO) were reunited under the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC). LAAFB was designated SMC

Introduction | 5

Headquarters with responsibility for research and development, acquisition, launch, and on-orbit testing of military space and missile systems. The 655th Air Base Group was replaced with the 61st Air Base Group in 1994. In October 2001, LAAFB was realigned under the Air Force Space Command.

Since structures on both Area A and Area B needed costly renovation and retrofitting to meet contemporary seismic and building codes, the Air Force entered into an agreement with a joint venture partnership (Kearney Real Estate, Morgan Stanley Real Estate Fund, and Catellus, the developer) (JVP) to use an innovative technique to upgrade facilities. As part of that agreement, modern office facilities were constructed by the JVP on Area B in return for releasing ownership of Area A to the JVP. Area A was turned over to the JVP on April 10, 2006 following construction of B270, B271, B281 (CDC), and the Schriever Space Complex courtyard. On this date, Area B became “LAAFB” and all personnel working in Area A relocated to LAAFB. On July 31, 2006 the 61st Air Base Group became the 61st Air Base Wing (61 ABW) and six new SMC wings were formed, including the Launch and Range Systems Wing (LRSW), MILSATCOM Systems Wing (MCSW), Space Based Infrared Systems Wing (ISSW), Space Development and Test Wing (SDTW), Space Superiority Systems Wing (SYSW), and Global Positioning Systems Wing (GPSW). On July 31, 2010 the 61st ABW transitioned back to the 61st Air Base Group. SMC transitioned the wings to directorates and the groups to divisions on November 10, 2010. The directorates and divisions include: MILSATCOM Systems Directorate, Global Positioning Systems Directorate, Space Superiority Systems Directorate, Launch and Range Systems Directorate, Space-Based Infrared Systems Directorate, Defense Weather Systems Directorate, Space Logistics Directorate, Satellite Control and Network Systems Division and Missile Defense Systems Division.

Figure 5: Area “A” & Area “B”, 1963

Figure 6: Area “B”, circa 1960’s

Figure 7: Historic Fort MacArthur

Introduction | 6

1.5.2 Fort MacArthur

Fort MacArthur was a U.S. Army installation before it was acquired by the USAF. In 1914, the government reservation at the Port of San Pedro was named Fort MacArthur in honor of Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur, a military leader in the Spanish-American war, and father of future General of the Army, Douglas MacArthur.

At that time, the Fort consisted of three parcels of land: the Middle Reservation; an area on Point Fermin, later known as the Upper Reservation;

and a small plot on Terminal Point.

Fort MacArthur was established as a coastal artillery battery. During World War I, the Fort guarded the harbor and served as a training and staging area for Army units departing for the European theater. More than 4,000 soldiers at one time were stationed at the Fort before the end of the war.

Between World Wars, Fort MacArthur continued to protect the harbor. However, its armament grew increasingly outmoded in comparison to naval ordnance. In 1926 and 1930, the Army placed two modern 14-inch railroad guns at the Middle Reservation. Antiaircraft units were added to the Fort’s defense in the 1930s.

Fort MacArthur’s mission changed after WWII when it became a major training center for Army reservists from Southern California. In 1954, the Fort became an antiaircraft missile site when a NIKE AJAX missile battery was emplaced on the Upper Reservation. By 1974, the NIKE sites had become obsolete and were shut down, reducing the Army’s presence at Fort MacArthur.

Although the Army retained the Middle Reservation as an administrative center for support of active and reserve Army and National Guard units in Southern California, it disposed of all other land attached to the Fort. In 1975, Fort MacArthur became a sub-post of Fort Ord and was manned by an Army support detachment.

In 1978, the Army announced that it would transfer its support units from Fort MacArthur to the Los Alamitos Armed Forces Reserve Center and would declare the remaining land excess. At that point, Space and Missile Systems

Organization (SAMSO) was looking for a site to build housing for its military personnel, many of whom could not afford to buy or even rent housing in the very expensive Los Angeles market. SAMSO saw Fort MacArthur as the solution to its problem, and it asked the Air Staff to place a hold on the land. In September 1979, the Department of Defense approved the transfer of Fort MacArthur from Army to Air Force jurisdiction. After some initial delays, Congress appropriated funds for construction of military housing at the Fort, and 370 townhouses were built there between November 1981 and December 1985. In addition, 33 existing homes at the Fort were renovated. Fort MacArthur was officially transferred from Army to Air Force control on 1 October 1982, and Air Force families began moving into the first of the newly built townhouses at that point.

1.5.3 Pacific Crest & Pacific Heights

While the construction of townhouses at Fort MacArthur alleviated the housing problem for Air Force personnel in Los Angeles, it did not completely solve it, and even before construction was finished, Space Division began looking for a place where it could build another 170 units. It targeted 50 acres at White Point, which the Army had declared excess in 1975 and turned over to the City of Los Angeles. The city was unwilling to transfer this land to the Air Force, but a compromise was eventually reached whereby the Air Force received title to 11.34 acres at White Point and 22.09 acres of nearby Bogdanovich Park. An agreement to this effect was signed in April 1987, and between August 1987 and August 1989, 170 units of military family housing were built at the White Point site, which was renamed Pacific Heights, and at Bogdanovich Park, which was later renamed Pacific Crest.

SMC gave up its original plans to build 150 additional units of housing on Fort MacArthur’s Upper Reservation because of environmental concerns. Instead, it decided to build a final increment of housing consisting of 71 units on another 24.4 acres of White Point. The site, then occupied by Navy housing, was available because of the closure of the United States Naval Station in Long Beach. This project was delayed during

Introduction | 7

Figure 8: Location of Facilities Currently Owned by LAAFB

Introduction | 8

1997 by concerns about the historical preservation of sites associated with the large guns which had guarded the Harbor of Los Angeles during World War II and earlier. The Air Force satisfied those concerns by undertaking preservation efforts, and construction proceeded.

The construction contractor finally completed the 71 units on 7 November 2000. The new housing site was named Pacific Heights II. Its completion gave Los Angeles AFB a total of 617 units of military family housing at Fort Heights, Pacific Crest, and Pacific Heights II, making the base a much more attractive assignment for military families.

1.5.4 Camp Parks Communication Annex

MCW MILSATCOM WIDEBAND (WGS) has a satellite annex located within the boundaries of Camp Parks near Dublin, California. Previously, the annex fell within the control of Onizuka Air Force Station. However, the Base Realignment and Closure BRAC commission listed Onizuka on its official list of bases to be closed on November 9, 2005. The mission of Onizuka was to be transferred to Vandenberg in 2011, but the jurisdiction over Camp Parks Communication Annex was transferred to LAAFB by AFSPC on October 1, 2006.

1.5.5 Carson Annex

LAAFB acquired Carson Annex in 1996. The BRAC 93 recommended that Defense Contract Management District West (DCMDW) Headquarters located in a Government Services Administration (GSA) commercially leased facility in El Segundo, be relocated to the Long Beach Naval Shipyard in Los Angeles, California. The Navy was unable to complete a land exchange.

Since the Long Beach Naval Shipyard was due to close, a new home for the DCMDW was needed.

BRAC 95 redirected the previous BRAC 93 actions.

Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) recommended the most cost-effective alternative was for DCMDW to purchase a commercially owned facility to be held by Military Services. DLA recommended the USAF be the holder and designated LAAFB as the local support.

Carson Annex is located within a controlled government compound in Carson, California with five other similar buildings. The current facility consists of 85,000 square feet of office space.

LAAFB BRAC 93 directed the Sun Valley Armed Forces Radio and Television Broadcast Center (AFRTS-BC) as the most economical solution to retaining the Carson Annex site. This AFRTS-BC site was conveyed to the SAMS developer in 2003.

1.6 Local and Regional Condition

Refer to figure 8 to view and locate the current locations of all properties owned by LAAFB.

1.6.1 Vicinity & Adjacent Neighborhoods

LAAFB is located in the City of El Segundo, a highly urbanized and densely settled western part of the Los Angeles Basin. To the south of LAAFB is Aerospace Corporation, which is located in a Light Industrial Zone. To the east of LAAFB are office buildings and associated parking and residential areas. Northrop-Grumman aircraft production facilities are located immediately north of LAAFB.

The military family housing (MFH) area is located in the City of Los Angeles in the San Pedro community on the Palos Verdes Peninsula.

Housing at Ft. MacArthur overlooks the Marina and the Pacific Ocean and is adjacent to mixed residential neighborhoods on its other sides.

Pacific Heights and Pacific Crest housing areas are located in mixed-use neighborhoods that are primarily residential with some commercial-office uses at the main intersections. In addition, Pacific Heights is next to White Point Park on the south and overlooks the Pacific Ocean. For detailed information on existing and future off-installation land uses, refer to the LAAFB General Plan. Refer to figure 9 for the location of these properties.

The Camp Parks Communication Annex resides in a semi-rural setting approximately 25 miles southeast of San Jose, adjacent to Onizuka Air Force Station (Figure 8).

1.6.2 Climate

The climate of the Los Angeles Basin is typically mild, with average temperatures ranging from mid-50 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) in January to a high of 70° F in August. Cool, humid breeze off the ocean moderates the temperature at the

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Figure 9: Location of Existing LAAFB Military Housing

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Base. The climate is naturally semi-arid; hot, dry winds from the north are common during the fall and winter months. Drought-tolerant vegetation is native to the region. The annual average rainfall for the area is approximately 12 inches.

1.7 Character Areas

For the purpose of describing architectural compatibility with respect to the FEP, LAAFB was organized into two unique character areas: Main Base and Fort MacArthur. These character areas have been designated based on the installation's existing land use pattern and the use of a consistent design vocabulary that establishes visual unity. Other factors such as geographic and circulation patterns were also considered when establishing the installation character areas.

Pacific Heights and Pacific Crest will not be considered in this FEP as they are under the control of the housing privatization contractor.

Requirements for the Camp Parks and Carson Annex are still being defined, due to the recent acquisition of this area.

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Section 2: Architectural Standards

For purposes of this section, the discussions are organized based on the character areas described in Section 1.

2.1 LAAFB, Main Base

Facilities at LAAFB Main Base include: the office core buildings B270, B271, B272; B281 (Child Development Center (CDC)); B286 (Fitness Center); B210 (Medical/Dental Clinic); B251 (Commissary); B252 (Base Exchange (BX)); B284 (support building); and B292 (Parking Structure).

2.1.1 Assets

As a result of new construction in 2005-2006, functions conducted in Area A were relocated to LAAFB (previously called Area B) where new, more efficient, multi-story buildings created additional open space. The new LAAFB complies with Anti-Terrorist/Force Protection (AT/FP) requirements. A campus-like environment created by grouping buildings allows for more gathering spaces as well as consolidation of parking.

2.1.2 Recommendations

The objective for LAAFB is to present a unified visual image by using consistent building materials and finish treatments. The core buildings of the Base (B270, B271, and B272) set standard for the rest of the Base. Buildings were designed to have clearly defined and recognizable pedestrian entrances oriented in the direction of pedestrian and vehicular flows and related to human scale.

2.1.3 Form/Scale/Height/Massing

At LAAFB the building form remains simple with vertical and horizontal elements to break up large facades. For example, ground floors give the expression as the "base" to the overall building, employing material or articulation changes. The building articulation expresses the building's individual floor levels. Building massing creates courtyards and malls at a pedestrian scale.

Building massing also provides smaller and more intimate places for conversation and spaces with seating areas located in the shade. There are different height restrictions on Base depending on building location, as per zoning regulations of the El Segundo Municipal Code. The height limit of the Base is the average of these areas:

o The north and west boundaries of the Base are zoned as Urban Mix-Use North, with height limit standards of maximum one hundred seventy five feet (175’).

o The South boundary of the Base is zoned Light Industry, with height limit standard of maximum two hundred feet (200’) o The east boundary of the Base is zoned Corporate Office, with height limit of maximum two hundred feet (200’)

This equates the average maximum height for the Main Base to 137.5 feet. Please refer to the City of EL Segundo’s Municipal Code for reference.

2.1.4 Material/Color/Finishes

Building articulation, office buildings, and existing LAAFB facilities were designed to complement each other in terms of materials, color, and finishes. Building exteriors is white or light grey to blend in with Base surroundings. The only exceptions to this are industrial facilities (Fire Pump House and Recycling Center, future medical clinic warehouse) that are burnished and tan color CMU block structures.

2.1.5 Roofs

Barrel roof elements were used at both gates and Medical Clinic to contrast with the grid-like nature of the typical façade articulation and to provide continuity with other LAAFB facilities.

Most other on-Base facilities have built-up roofs.

Photovoltaic (PV) roofs are being utilized wherever possible and comply with Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) requirements. On roof enclosures, when applicable, match building color with mesh screen enclosure.

2.1.6 Fenestration (Windows and Doors)

A vertical or horizontal ribbon window scheme was used for B270, B271 and B272. Sufficient recess in the window systems were provided to alleviate a thin appearance in the exterior

Architectural Standards | 12 building materials and provide a shadow line.

2.1.7 Entries

All entrances were clearly identified and in proportion to pedestrian scale and mass.

Consideration was given to incorporating either a building wall recess or a canopy integrated with the building façade to protect from inclement weather. Building B270 has exterior awnings.

2.2 Fort MacArthur

This FEP focuses on architecture for the non-privatized (O&M) areas of Fort MacArthur.

Included in these areas are historic buildings that must meet State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) requirements. Any modifications to these facilities must be approved by the SHPO prior to commencement of work.

2.2.1 Roofs

All roofs should receive an annual inspection per the LAAFB Operations Maintenance Plan. The Maintenance Master Plan should include a projected roof replacement schedule and cost. All roofs found damaged or leaking should be repaired as soon as possible.

Existing roofing conditions should be documented. Whenever possible, existing materials should be replaced with like materials.

Structural roofing members, dormers, soffits, and cornices found damaged by water, mold, or termites should be replaced as soon as possible.

Roof materials for all buildings on the Historic Registry are red clay tiles. Replacement materials must match existing and comply with SHPO requirements. All roof penetration shall match the color of the existing roof (pending SHPO approval).

2.2.2 Foundations

Existing foundation conditions should be documented. Remediation and repairs should be prepared according to historical structure preservation standards (NAPACT 1966).

2.2.3 Walls

Repair damaged or deteriorated stucco. Repaint only when necessary with appropriate color based on analysis of historic paint. Retain or repair wood siding. Where replacement is necessary, match existing clapboards in design, width, and species. Repaint only as needed to maintain moisture protection. Use color scheme based on analysis of existing paint layers.

2.2.4 Porches

Retain and maintain existing original porches.

Remove inappropriate porches from historic buildings and repair wall surfaces, fittings, and glazing as required. Where possible rebuild original porches that have been removed or enclosed. The paint on historic porch railings should match existing paint and be approved by

SHPO.

2.2.5 Windows

Additions or alterations to buildings must maintain the height configuration of the windows. Retain window size, fenestration pattern, and construction when replacing windows or altering the building. If replacing windows, preserve frame materials or use historically accurate reproductions. Avoid replacing original frames with aluminum frames, where possible. Restore historic windows where non-historic replacement windows have been installed.

2.2.6 Doors

Retain, repair, and maintain existing historic doors. If replacing doors, preserve existing frame materials or use historically accurate reproductions. The size of all existing door openings should be maintained if building additions or alterations are required. Restore all main entranceways by installing historically appropriate frames.

2.2.7 Colors

Paint to match existing colors or colors that have been used on a particular building in the past.

Standard exterior wall color is Dunn Edwards:

"Navajo White" SP 60. Ensure all painting work complies with SHPO requirements.

2.2.8 Painting

Paint when an existing system is no longer performing. Prepare surfaces with peeling paint by removing the paints, cleaning, priming, and

Architectural Standards | 13 repainting. Check eaves, cornices, and other wood materials for deterioration. Repair or replace and paint to match existing materials.

2.2.9 Perimeter Fencing

Fencing shall be AT/FP compliant and comply with SHPO standards when located within the historic district. Further details are given in Section 6.

2.2.10 Considerations for Americans with

Disabilities Act (ADA)

Accessibility should be considered when undertaking renovations to buildings within Fort MacArthur. A plan should be created to address ADA issues to ensure that buildings are accessible. Modifications should resemble the original design characteristics of main entrances or principal facades. Where possible, avoid alterations to the main facade and principal doorways. Place or install new ramps, lifts, and any additional fire escapes on the side or rear of buildings. Handrails and guardrails on ramps, stairs, steps, and lifts should match existing. Any addition to the exterior of the buildings should be coordinated with SHPO.

2.2.11 Phone/Communication

Exposed electrical lines and communication cables should be concealed underground whenever possible. Existing lines, conduits, and electric devices should be reconfigured, relocated, or concealed when significant renovation is scheduled. All penetrations should be with underground conduit through the wall and sealed watertight.

2.2.12 Mechanical Equipment

Equipment should be screened with fencing or landscaping appropriate to the standards of the facility. Mechanical equipment should meet all requirements of Infrastructure and Equipment Standards. Sound from all mechanical equipment in and around Fort MacArthur should not exceed 86 A-weighted decibels (dBA).

2.2.13 Additions

Since proximity of an addition has the potential to damage the historic fabric, additions are not advisable. If required, additions should follow all

Figure 11: AT/FP Perimeter, Main Base

Figure 10: Example of Structural Hierarchy & Site Planning on Main Base

Figure 12: Example of Building Orientation

Architectural Standards | 14 the guidelines for new construction within historic districts. Other additional principles that should be followed are to avoid changes that affect primary facades. Because some highly visible freestanding buildings may not have a secondary facade, additions to these structures are not advisable. In other cases, the size of an addition should be reduced so it causes minimal negative visual effects. The design should not establish a clear and obvious difference between the existing historic structure and a new addition.

2.3 Site Development Guidelines

New facilities and major additions to buildings should be constructed to visually blend with existing buildings and the natural environment while meeting all necessary functional requirements. This section contains generalized suggestions relative to the planning and design of sites accommodating the functional requirements of the buildings and associated site work.

The installation's sustainable design goals related to site development include the following elements:

o Maximize erosion and sediment control during construction.

o Accommodate alternative transportation options, including efficient, easily accessible bicycle circulation systems.

o Provide an accessible path to all primary building entrances.

o Incorporate methods and strategies that reduce site disturbances and destruction of plant life and animal communities.

o Utilize efficient roadway and parking design solutions. Minimize impervious surfaces and reduce the urban heat island effect.

o Develop design solutions that conserve site open space and cluster buildings efficiently on the site.

o Develop Accessible Community Park, Playgrounds and Electric Vehicle infrastructure.

2.3.1 Site Conditions

Careful analysis of natural site features and the existing context of a site aids in the creation of a design that optimizes use of installation assets.

Identification of the following site conditions is the first step in the site planning process:

2.3.1.1 Topography

Utilize topography by identifying and selecting sites or portions of sites that are appropriate to programmatic functions. Multi-story buildings can be used to retain slopes while providing entry at multiple levels. For example, changes in grade can often be accommodated in loading dock areas of buildings.

2.3.1.2 Surrounding Land Use

The context of a site must be identified and understood as part of the existing site conditions.

This process includes not only an understanding of the current surrounding land use, but also knowledge of future land uses. The relationship of the project to the General Plan and other Base Comprehensive Planning documents must be considered as well.

2.3.1.3 Natural Site Systems

Natural site systems should be identified and understood with respect to site planning, design, and construction activities. These natural systems can include soil, hydrology, geology, native flora and fauna, and microclimatic environmental conditions.

2.3.1.4 Circulation Systems

Circulation systems include not only the vehicular and pedestrian elements required by site development, but also the circulation pattern of the surrounding area in which the site is located.

An understanding of both systems of circulation is critical to a successful site development project.

2.3.1.5 Utility Systems

Utility systems often play a major role in development of a site. Relocation of existing utilities can be expensive and disruptive. New construction around existing utilities may result in a facility that is less than optimal. A balance between expense and disruption should always be considered.

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2.3.2 Building Orientation

Consider the following factors when orienting new buildings and building additions.

2.3.2.1 Functional Relationships

Consider how new buildings or additions will relate to nearby existing facilities. Avoid orienting service yards of new buildings toward the entrance of an existing building. When planning site circulation systems, existing pedestrian and vehicle pathways should be utilized for the new facility. Cluster and orient new buildings to share common pedestrian pathways. Where possible, keep new facilities within a five-minute (1,500 foot) walk from existing and related functions.

2.3.2.2 Functional Hierarchy

In the design, the most important function should have visual prominence. Orient the front of public facades toward the street. Establish an arrival sequence based on a transition of public to private space.

2.3.2.3 Scale

Design new buildings with sensitivity to the scale and form of adjacent, built, or natural features.

When possible, new buildings or building additions should have comparable scale with respect to nearby existing buildings. Align major features of the new structure with adjacent buildings to maintain vertical scale, where appropriate. Match major roof forms of existing buildings with new roofs or parapet wall features, wherever reasonable.

2.3.3 Site Planning

This section provides a general discussion of site planning considerations. General considerations before planning and layout of required site elements should include the following analysis and appropriate assessments.

2.3.3.1 Site Analysis

Site analysis is the first step in any site design.

Careful analysis of existing site conditions allows designers to work with features of the site and minimize negative development effects. Orient static functions, such as waiting areas, break rooms, and offices toward pleasing views.

Whenever possible, orient windows to the east and south for buildings that tend to experience heat loss. Provide shading for windows during summer months. Place windows on the north side for uniform daylight and where winter heat gain exceeds heat loss. Avoid orienting windows or doors toward the west. Orient entrances to the south or east, wherever possible.

2.3.3.2 Preservation of Natural Site Features

Avoid development in natural drainage ways, scenic areas, or where adverse environmental effects will result. Open spaces, such as natural ravines and park/Parade Ground, should be preserved, as should existing wooded areas, especially those adjacent to housing areas that serve as natural buffers between incompatible land uses. Site planning efforts should attempt to preserve stands of mature vegetation whenever possible.

2.3.3.3 Site Context

Locate and design buildings to integrate with existing site conditions to form coherent and useful spatial relationships. Respect the current land use pattern when developing new projects, and reinforce positive functional groupings and circulation patterns. When possible, place and place new buildings between existing structures or on former building sites.

2.3.3.4 Building and Site Configuration

Where possible, use building forms and configurations that visually define and create strong hierarchical and functional relationships.

Design building entrances to clearly define public and private spaces. Parking lots should not be positioned so they become the primary focus of a building group. Incorporate pedestrian-accessible courtyards and link walkways to the overall pedestrian network when possible.

Anticipate future expansion needs and develop long-range plans that can accommodate future building sites and parking areas.

Guidance: AFSPC Handbook 32-1004, Facilities Excellence Program and Standards.

2.3.4 ADA Site Standards

Every effort should be made to avoid site

Architectural Standards | 16 barriers. ADA-Compliant curb cuts, ramps, handrails, and grade-level entrances should be used. Provide designated handicapped parking spaces in all major parking lots close to primary building entrances. Incorporate drop-off zones to aid site accessibility for persons with mobility impairments. Modify existing structures for handicapped accessibility whenever possible, particularly public and community facilities that are most likely to be used by families, veterans, or visitors. All work to improve accessibility should comply with ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) and Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS).

These requirements are to be applied during the design, construction, addition to,…