31Z3-822-2 .pdf

TO 31Z3-822-2

17 JUNE 2011

Change 1 27 DECEMBER 2011

TECHNICAL MANUAL

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL AND

LANDING SYSTEMS

(ATCALS)

SITE REQUIREMENTS

404L

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT B - Distribution authorized to U S. Government agencies only for administrative or operational use (17 June 2011).

Other requests for this document shall be referred to OC-ALC/GKAAB, Tinker AFB, Oklahoma 73145-9127.

WARNING - This document contains technical data whose export is restricted by the Arms Export Control Act (Title 22, U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) or Executive Order 12470. Violations of these export laws are subject to severe criminal penalties. Disseminate in accordance with provisions of DoD Directive 5230.25.

HANDLING AND DESTRUCTION NOTICE - Handle in compliance with distribution statement and destroy by any method that will prevent disclo-sure of the contents or reconstruction of the document.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

*Zero in this column indicates an original page

A Change 1 USAF

NOTE: The portion of the text affected by the change is indicated by a vertical line in the outer margins of the page. Changes to illustrations are indicated by miniature pointing hands. Changes to wiring diagrams are indicated by shaded or screened areas.

TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS MANUAL IS 108, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:

Title A i - ii iii iv v - vi vii - viii 1-1 - 1-5 1-6 Blank 2-1 - 2-9 2-10 Blank 3-1 - 3-2 4-1 - 4-42 5-1 - 5-4 6-1 - 6-2

7-1 - 7-2 8-1 - 8-2 9-1 - 9-2

FP-1

FP-2 Blank

FP-3

FP-4 Blank

FP-5

FP-6 Blank

FP-7

FP-8 Blank

FP-9

FP-10 Blank FP-11 Added FP-12 Blank Added

FP-13 Added FP-14 Blank Added FP-15 Added FP-16 Blank Added FP-17 Added FP-18 Blank Added FP-19 Added FP-20 Blank Added FP-21 Added FP-22 Blank Added FP-23 Added FP-24 Blank Added FP-25 Added FP-26 Blank Added

Date of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .17 June 2011 Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . .27 December 2011

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INSERT LATEST CHANGED PAGES. DESTROY SUPERSEDED PAGES.

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter/Para Page 1 ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.1.1 Electrical Power Requirement Catagories.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.1.2 Specific Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.2 SPECIFIC POWER REQUIREMENTS/SPECIFICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.2.1 Commercial Power Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.2.2 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1.2.3 Backup Power Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

2 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING, BONDING, SHIELDING, AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . 2-1

2.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.1.1 Basic System Grounding, Bonding, Shielding, and Lightning Protection Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.1.2 Grounding, Bonding, Shielding, and Lightning Protection Subsystems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.2 ATCALS EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.2.1 Station Ground Maintenance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.2.2 Inspection of Site (Station) Grounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.3 SITE (STATION) GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.3.1 Current Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.3.2 New Installation Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.4 SYSTEM GROUNDING, BONDING, SHIELDING, AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION INSPECTION. . 2-4

2.4.1 Inspection Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.4.2 Inspection Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.5 SPECIFIC SHIELDING AND BONDING REQUIREMENTS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

2.5.1 TACAN Site Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

2.5.2 ILS Site Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL UNIT REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1.1 Environmental Control Unit (ECU) Support.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1.2 Specific Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.2 INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

4 OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1.3 Shelter Interior Installation of Fiber Optic Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1.4 Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.2 MODEM SPECIFICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.2.1 AN/FSQ-204 Standard Terminal Automation System (STARS) Modem Specifications.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

Chapter/Para Page

4.2.2 System: AN/GPN-20 Airport Surveillance Radar (Analog). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.2.3 System: AN/GPN-22 PAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.2.4 System: AN/GPN-30 Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR) Modem Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4.2.5 DBrite Digital Data and Control Modem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4.3 FIBER OPTICS SPECIFICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

4.3.1 AN/FRN-43, VORTAC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

4.3.2 AN/FRN-44, VOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21

4.3.3 AN/FRN-45, TACAN.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29

4.3.4 AN/GRN-30, LOCALIZER, P/O GRN-29 INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM (ILS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35

5 FLIGHT INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.1.1 Actions Requiring Flight Inspection.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.1.2 Flight Inspection Availability and Cost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.2 FLIGHT INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.2.1 AN/FRN-44 VOR.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.2.2 AN/FRN-45 TACAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

5.2.3 AN/GPN-20(V) Radar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

5.2.4 AN/GPN-22(V) Radar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

5.2.5 AN/GRN-29 Instrument Landing System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

5.2.6 AN/TRN-41 TACAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.2.7 AN/TRN-45 Mobile Microwave Landing System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.2.8 COMPASS LOCATOR, NON DIRECTIONAL BEACON (NDB), AND RADIO/HOMING BEACON. . . 5-3

5.2.9 AN/TRN-26 TACAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.2.10 AN/MPN-14K and AN/MPN-14-K1 Landing Central.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

6 ROADS AND GROUNDS REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.2 ROADS AND GROUNDS GRASS CUTTING REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.2.1 AN/FRN-43 VORTAC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.2.2 AN/FRN-44 VOR.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.2.3 AN/FRN-45 TACAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.2.4 AN/GPN-20(V) Radar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.2.5 AN/GPN-22(V) Radar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.2.6 AN/GRN-29 Instrument Landing System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.3 ROADS AND GROUNDS SNOW REMOVAL REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.3.1 AN/FRN-43 VORTAC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.3.2 AN/FRN-44 VOR.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.3.3 AN/FRN-45 TACAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.3.4 AN/GPN-20(V) Radar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.3.5 AN/GPN-22(V) Radar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

6.3.6 AN/GRN-29 Instrument Landing System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

ChapterPageChapter Page 7 GROUND CHECK REQUIREMENTS AND MAINTENANCE REFERENCE FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.2 GROUND CHECK REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.2.1 AN/FRN-44 VOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.2.2 AN/GRN-29 Instrument Landing System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.2.3 AN/GRN-30(V) Localizer Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.2.4 AN/GRN-31(V) Glide Slope.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

8 EMERGENCY RADAR TOWER INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1.1 Emergency Tower Inspection Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1.2 Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1.3 Specific Inspection Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1.4 Report Tower Condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

9 DEHUMIDIFIER SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

9.1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

9.2 SPECIFICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 Change 1 iii/(iv blank)

Number Title Page

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FO-1. TACAN Site Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FP-1

FO-2. S-280 Shelter Lightning Protection and Obstruction Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FP-3

FO-3. S-588 Shelter Lightning Protection and Obstruction Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FP-5

FO-4. Alternate Shelter Lightning Protection and Obstruction Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FP-7

FO-5. ILS ECU Adapter Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FP-9

FO-6. AN/TPN-19 IECU Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FP-11 Change 1 v

Number Title Page

LIST OF TABLES

1-1 AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set Electrical Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1-2 AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set Electrical Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1-3 AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set Electrical Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1-4 AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set Electrical Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1-5 AN/GPN-22(V) Radar Set Group Electrical Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1-6 AN/GRN-29(V) Instrument Landing System (ILS) Electrical Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1-7 AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set UPS Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1-8 AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set UPS Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1-9 AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set UPS Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1-10 AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set UPS Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1-11 AN/GPN-22(V) Radar Set Group UPS Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1-12 AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set Backup Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1-13 AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set Backup Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1-14 AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set Backup Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1-15 AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set Backup Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1-16 AN/GPN-22(V) Radar Set Group Backup Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

1-17 AN/GRN-29(V) Instrument Landing System Backup Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

2-1 Grounding, Bonding, Shielding, and Lightning Protection References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2-2 Bonding Types and Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

2-3 Shielding Design References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2-4 Transient Protection Design References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2-5 Inspection Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

3-1 AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set Environmental Control Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3-2 AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set Environmental Control Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3-3 AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set Environmental Control Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3-4 AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set Environmental Control Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3-5 AN/GPN-22(V) Radar Set Group Environmental Control Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3-6 AN/GRN-29(V) Instrument Landing System (ILS) Environmental Control Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

4-1 AN/FSQ-204 Standard Terminal Automation System (STARS) Modem Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4-2 AN/GPN-30 Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR) Modem Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4-3 DBrite Digital Data and Control Signal Modem Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4-4 DBrite Analog (VIDEO) Modem Replacement Data Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

4-5 Remote Data Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

7-1 Equipment Reference and Maintenance Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

8-1 References for Emergency Radar Tower Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8-2 Checklist for Specific Inspection Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

9-1 AHAM Dehumidifier Sizing Guidlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 vi Change 1

FOREWARD

The technical content and format of the manual conforms to the following specifications:

• Format: MIL-M-38784C This manual describes the general support requirements for ATCALS equipment.

This manual consists of nine chapters as follows:

The glossary contains a complete listing of the abbreviations/acronyms used in this manual. The following is a listing of new acronyms used in this manual:

Military standards (MIL-STD), Air Force Instructions (AFI) and Air Force Handbooks (AFH) are referenced in this manual where necessary. These are not available through the Air Force Technical Order system and must be obtained through the publications system.

Corrections and changes to this manual will be submitted through the Air Force Technical Order Improvement System, IAW TO 00-5-1.

Chapter Title Description

1 Electrical Power Requirements This chapter contains information on the commercial, UPS and backup power (generator) support requirements for ATCALS equipment.

2 Equipment Grounding, Bonding, Shielding, and Lightning Protection Requirements

This chapter contains information on equipment grounding, bonding, shielding and lightning protection and inspection requirements in support of ATCALS equipment.

3 Environmental Control Unit Requirements

This chapter contains support requirements for the environmental control of ATCALS shelter temperature and humidity.

4 Modem Specifications This chapter contains the requirements for ATCALS equipment modems.

5 Flight Inspection Requirements This chapter contains the flight inspection requirements for ATCALS equipment.

6 Roads and Grounds Requirements This chapter contains the requirements for roads and grounds support of the ATCALS equipment for grass cutting and snow removal.

7 Ground Check Requirements This chapter contains the ground check requirements for ATCALS equipment.

8 Emergency Radar Tower Inspection This chapter contains a checklist to be used whenever it is possible that damage may have occurred to a metal tower used for ATCALS purposes and an immediate inspection of the tower is required for damage analysis.

9 Dehumidifier Specifications This chapter provides technical guidance in the selection of dehumidifiers and drainage used with ATCALS equipment installed in S-XXX shelters.

Acronym Description

ATCALS Air Traffic Control And Landing Systems

ECU Environmental Control Unit

ILS Instrument Landing System

TACAN Tactical Air Navigation

TBD To Be Determined (Information to be supplied by Government)

UPS Uninteruptible Power Supply

VOR VHF OnniRange vii

List of Related Publications

Number Title

00-5-1 Air Force Technical Order System

31-10-24 Installation Practices - Comm Sys Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding

AFI 32-1024 Standard Facility Requirements

AFI 32-1063 Electric Power Systems

AFI 32-1065 Grounding Systems

AFH 32-9007 Managing Air Force Real Property

DOD 5000.2 Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisitions

FAAO 6750.16C Siting Criteria for Instrument Landing Systems

FAAO 6750.49A Maintenance of Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) Facilities

FAAO 6950.2D Electrical Power Policy Implementation at National Airspace System Facilities

MIL-STD-38784C Standard Practice for Manuals, Technical: General Style and Format Requirements

MIL-STD-188-124A Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding for Common Long Haul/Tactical Communication Systems Including Ground Based Communications-Electronics Facilities and Equipment

MIL-HDBK-419A Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding for Electronic Equipment and Facilities

NEC, Articles 90-820 National Electrical Code

NFPA 78 National Fire Protection Code, Lightning Protection Code viii

CHAPTER 1

ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENTS

1.1 GENERAL.

This chapter provides the specifications for those ATCALS equipments that require a modem for operation.

1.1.1 Electrical Power Requirement Categories. The electrical power requirements for ATCALS equipment fall into three categories: commercial power, uninterruptible power supplies, and backup power (generator).

1.1.2 Specific Requirements. Specific requirements for each of the ATCALS equipment is provided in each of these categories in this chapter.

1.2 SPECIFIC POWER REQUIREMENTS/SPECIFICATIONS.

1.2.1 Commercial Power Requirements. Co

Table 1-1. AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set Electrical Power Requirements

Equipment Electrical Power Requirement

AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set 120 VAC, 10%; 60 3 Hz; 3 Wires

Table 1-2. AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set Electrical Power Requirements

Equipment Electrical Power Requirement

AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set 120 VAC, 10%; 60 3 Hz; 3 Wires

Table 1-3. AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set Electrical Power Requirements

Equipment Electrical Power Requirement

AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set 120 VAC, 10 %; 50 3 Hz / 60 3 Hz; 3 Wires

Table 1-4. AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set Electrical Power Requirements

Equipment Electrical Power Requirement

AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set 120/208 VAC; 50/60 Hz; 3-Phase; 4 Wire; 75 Amps per phase; 9.0 KVA per phase

Emergency Power: 25.2 VDC from internal rechargeable 25 amp/ hour battery bank 1-1

1.2.2 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Specifications. UPS specifications are identified in Tables 1-7 through 1-11.

Stated UPS Specifications are for the equipment only and do not include additional load for ancillary equipment (i.e. ECUs, dehumidifiers, lighting, convienience outlets, etc.). AN/GRN-29(V) ILS contains an integrated battery back-up systems and does not require a separate UPS. The AN/FRN-44 VOR is also equipped with a battery back-up system but batteries can be removed if an UPS capable of supporting the load for a minimum of 20 minutes is used

Table 1-5. AN/GPN-22(V) Radar Set Group Electrical Power Requirements

Equipment Electrical Power Requirement

AN/GPN-23(V) Radar Set 120/280 VAC, 3-Phase, 4-Wire, 50/60 Hz

Display Segment (RAPCON Equipment) 120/208 VAC, 3 Phase, 4 Wire, 50/60 Hz

Table 1-6. AN/GRN-29(V) Instrument Landing System (ILS) Electrical Power Requirements

Equipment Electrical Power Requirement

AN/GRN-30(V) Localizer Station 115/225 VAC, 10%; 50 3-Hz or 60 3-Hz; 3 Wire; 100 A

AN/GRN-31(V) Glide Slope Station 115/225 VAC, 10%; 50 3-Hz or 60 3-Hz; 3 Wire; 100 A

AN/GRN-32(V) Radio Beacon Set 103.5 to 126 VAC; single-phase; 47 to 63 Hz; 240 W (80 W additional for battery heaters where required)

Table 1-7. AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set UPS Specifications

Equipment UPS Specifications

AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set 8 KVA ; 60 Hz; with a battery capacity of greater than 1800 Amp Hrs.

Table 1-8. AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set UPS Specifications

Equipment UPS Specifications

AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set 8 KVA ; 60 Hz; with a battery capacity of greater than 1800 Amp Hrs.

Table 1-9. AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set UPS Specifications

Equipment UPS Specifications

AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set 8 KVA ; 60 Hz; with a battery capacity of greater than 1800 Amp Hrs.

1-2

1.2.3 Backup Power Specifications. Backup power specifications are identified in Tables 1-12 through 1-17.

1.2.3.1 Requirements for an Uninterruptible Power Supply Located in an ATCALS Facility.

NOTE

• The Air Force Power Conditioning and Continuation Interfacing Equipment Materiel Group Management Office (OO-ALC/LIPC, 6040 Gum Lane, Bldg 1216, Hill AFB UT, 84056-5825, DSN 777-5422) must be contacted to order any Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) for ATCALS. OO-ALC/LIPC is responsible for providing UPS solutions to the AF for sensitive electronics equipment and. systems. OO-ALC/LIPC, if requested, will assist in determining the appropriate UPS, conduct field testing to determine sitting require-ments and develop installation plans for the UPS contract.

• With the exception of FRN-43, FRN-44, and FRN-45 facilities, all ATCALS UPS installations must be external to existing system shelters, unless approved in writing by the ATCALS Program Office.

• The following are general requirements that must be taken into account when acquiring and installing an UPS at an ATCALS facility:UPS must be IAW the following minimal standards.

1.2.3.1.1 UPS must be IAW the following minimal standards.

UL 1778 for safety ANSI C62.41/IEEE 587 for ability to withstand surges FCC Part 5, Subpart J, Class A for EMC IEC 801-2 or ANSI C62.41-1980 for ability to withstand electrostatic discharge

1.2.3.1.2 In addition to the above standards, all ATCALS UPS installations shall meet the following minimal UPS output specifications.

a. Voltage distortion: 5% total harmonic distortion (THD) with 3% maximum for any single harmonics for linear loads.

b. Frequency: ± 0.1 % of nominal frequency.

c. Load power factor: 0.9 leading to 0.6 lagging. Power factors should be measured for each system to determine exact requirements.

d. Voltage regulation: ± 2% for balanced load.

e. Voltage adjustment range: ± 5% manual adjustment.

f. Frequency slew rate: 1 Hz/second maximum.

g. Common mode noise rejection: greater than 85Db.

Table 1-10. AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set UPS Specifications

Equipment UPS SpecificationsRequirement

AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set OPERATING COMMAND DETERMINATION

Table 1-11. AN/GPN-22(V) Radar Set Group UPS Specifications

Equipment UPS SpecificationsRequirement

AN/GPN-22(V) Radar Set OPERATING COMMAND DETERMINATION 1-3

1.2.3.1.3 UPS calculated MTBF should be greater then 40,000 hours.

1.2.3.1.4 UPS must be the on-line type continuously providing inverted power.

1.2.3.1.5 Insure that the appropriate environmental conditions are maintained IAW the instructions of the UPS manufacture.

1.2.3.1.6 For facilities at altitudes of greater than 2000 meters (6,560 feet), insure that the UPS specifications are derated IAW manufacture specifications.

1.2.3.1.7 Insure that the UPS and battery package weights are taken into consideration during the installation design.

1.2.3.1.8 Insure that the ATCALS equipment power factors have been measured and taken into account during the selection of the UPS.

1.2.3.1.9 The UPS must have an auto bypass circuit.

1.2.3.1.10 The UPS shall be capable of providing at least 20 minutes of power to allow for full operation of the system with input power re-moved.

1.2.3.1.11 An external maintenance bypass must be installed to allow for the entire UPS system to be completely removed and isolated from the facility power grid.

Table 1-12. AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set Backup Power Specifications

Equipment Backup Power Specifications

AN/FRN-43 VORTAC Navigational Set 120 VAC, 10%; 60 3 Hz; 3 Wires; with automatic switchover during power loss and restoration.

Table 1-13. AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set Backup Power Specifications

Equipment Backup Power Specifications

AN/FRN-44 VOR Navigational Set 120 VAC, 10%; 60 3 Hz; 3 Wires; with automatic switchover during power loss and restoration.

Table 1-14. AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set Backup Power Specifications

Equipment Backup Power Specifications

AN/FRN-45 TACAN Navigational Set 120 VAC, 10%; 60 3 Hz; 3 Wires; with automatic switchover during power loss and restoration.

Table 1-15. AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set Backup Power Specifications

Equipment Backup Power Specifications

AN/GPN-20(V) Radar Set Follow FAA Order 6950.2D for systems in National Airspace System. Operating Command Determination for those not in National Airspace System. Capacity requirements same as commercial power.

1-4

Table 1-16. AN/GPN-22(V) Radar Set Group Backup Power Specifications

Equipment Backup Power Specifications

AN/GPN-22(V) Radar Set OPERATING COMMAND DETERMINATION

Table 1-17. AN/GRN-29(V) Instrument Landing System Backup Power Specifications

Equipment Backup Power Specifications

AN/GRN-30(V) Localizer Station 115/225 VAC, 10%; 50 3-Hz or 60 3-Hz; 3 Wire; 100 A

AN/GRN-31(V) Glide Slope Station 115/225 VAC, 10%; 50 3-Hz or 60 3-Hz; 3 Wire; 100 A

AN/GRN-32(V) Radio Beacon Set 103.5 to 126 VAC; single-phase; 47 to 63 Hz; 240 W (80 W additional for battery heaters where required) 1-5/(1-6 Blank)

CHAPTER 2

EQUIPMENT GROUNDING, BONDING, SHIELDING AND LIGHTNING

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

2.1 GENERAL.

2.1.1 Basic System Grounding, Bonding, Shielding, and Lightning Protection Considerations. Table 2-1 contains references that should be used to ensure ATCALS equipment and facilities have appropriate grounding, bonding, shielding, and lightning protection:

2.1.2 Grounding, Bonding, Shielding, and Lightning Protection Subsystems. Grounding, bonding, and shielding are approched from a total system concept by the DOD. MIL-STD-188-124 and MIL-HDBK-419A layout the requirements of the subsystems. The subsystems are as follows:

2.1.2.1 Earth Electrode Subsystem (EES). The EES consists of a network of ground rods, wires, pipes, and other metal conductors which establish electric contact between elements of the facility and the earth ground. The EES subsystem components are defined in the following paragraphs.

Table 2-1. Grounding, Bonding, Shielding, and Lightning Protection References

Reference Purpose

MIL-STD-188-124A This standard provides standards for grounding, bonding and shielding for communications-electronics facilities and equipments and is mandatory for use by all DOD departments and agencies IAW DOD Instruction 5000.2, dated 23 Feb 91.

National Fire Protection Association

(NFPA) 78

This code covers lightning protection requirements for structures.

National Electrical Code (NEC), Articles 90-820

This code provides standards for the safeguarding of persons and properties from hazards arising with the use of electricity in ground-based systems.

Military Handbook-419A, Volumes I and II

This handbook covers grounding, bonding, shielding and transient protection for ground-based communication equipment, systems and facilities. Volume I covers basic theory of personnel protection, fault protection, lightning protections, interference reduction and Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) protection. Volume II covers applications of the basic theories reduces to practical procedures. Volume II is separated into applications for existing facilities, new facilities and design criteria for electronics equipment. Unless noted most references to the handbook will be Volume I.

Air Force Instruction 32-1063 This instruction lays out the responsibilities of the Base Civil Engineer (BCE) as it relates to power systems. Among other items this instruction denotes that the building ground system at electronic facilities must be tested every 21 months and that the user inspects, maintains, and repairs the in-house electronic equipment ground system.

Air Force Instruction 32-1065 This is the instruction that assigns the facility grounding system maintenance responsibilities to the BCE and lays out basic requirements for the facility electrical grounding systems. Note that ACTALS facilities are considered as Communication Facilities. (AFI 31- 1024, Attachment 1, paragraph A1.1.3) 2-1

2.1.2.1.1 Ring Ground. An EES is a buried system with ground electrodes (rods) tied together with a minimum separation and placed around a facility.

2.1.2.1.2 Ground Electrodes (Rods). A copper clad steel rod used to provide contact with the earth. A rod 3/4-inches (min) in diameter and 10-feet (min) in length is the standard.

2.1.2.1.3 Ground Resistance. The resistance a ground electrode or EES has with the earth. Military standard for resistance to ground of an ATCALS facility is 10 ohms or less. The fall-of-potentail method is the method used for measuring electrode-to-ground resistance of an EES.

2.1.2.1.4 Step Voltages. The voltage difference between two points on the earths surface at about 3-feet apart is the “step voltage”. High step voltages are induced on to ground surfaces by large ground currents such as lightning strikes or power system faults. There may be local step voltages near isolated (unconnected) ground rods.

2.1.2.1.5 Electrode Enhancements. The physical characteristics of the soilaround the EES area may have to be changed (enhanced) to lower the ground resistance.

2.1.2.1.6 Bonding. The process by which a low impedance path for the flow of current is established between objects is called bonding. A resistance of one milliohm between bonded conductors is the military standard. Table 2-2 defines the types of bonds and how they are used.

2.1.2.1.7 Corrosion. A bond will deteriorate because its function (a conductor of current) and its environment (chemical reaction). All bond designs must consider the metals used to prevent corrosion due to galvanic action of dissimilar metals. All exterior bonds must be coated with a protective coating.

2.1.2.2 Lightning Protection Subsystem (LPS). The LPS consists of a network of conductors which provide a nondestructive path to earth ground (EES) for lightning energy. The following paragraphs define considerations taken in the design of the LPS.

NOTE

Reference MIL-HDBK-124 for an explanation of lightning and its effects and NFPA 78 for design requirements for lightning protection of facilities.

Table 2-2. Bonding Types and Uses

Bond Type Purpose/Use

Direct Bond The establishment of an electrical path between objects without the use of an auxiliary conductor. Direct bonds are to be used when ever possible.

Indirect Bond The establishment of an electrical path between objects with the use of an auxiliary conductor (bonding strips or jumpers).

Permanent Bond A bond intended to remain in place for the life of the installation. Bonds which are inaccessible after installation must be permanently bonded. Welding is the preferred method of producing a direct bond. The use of soft solder for bonding is not permitted.

Semi permanent Bond A bond that can be disconnected or disassembled the reconnected to reassembled without degradation of the bond. Bolts, clamps, and special rivets are semi permanent bonds.

2-2

2.1.2.2.1 Cone-of-Protection. Taller structures have a higher probability of taking a lightning strike then other shorter structures in the surrounding area. As a result that structure “attracts” lightning to it and protects the smaller structures around it.

A general rule-of-thumb is that structures under a line 45 degrees from the top of the taller structure to ground are inside the taller structure’s cone-of-protection.

2.1.2.2.2 Zone-of-Protection. The Zone-of-Protection is the space located under the surface of a sphere having a radius of 150-feet (100-feet for special structures) that is tangent to the earth and is resting on a lightning protection termination device. The zone method is more effective then the cone-of-protection method for determining the protection space provided by a particular lightning device or system.

2.1.2.2.3 Down Conductors. Down Conductors are the primary conductor designed to carry the lightning energy to ground (EES). All metal objects up to 6-feet from a down conductor must be bonded to the down conductor. The conductor can not have a bend greater then 90 degrees or a radius less then 8-inches.

2.1.2.3 Fault Protection Subsystem (FPS). The FPS is a network of conductive paths to earth ground that are designed to protect personnel from shock hazard and equipment from damage resulting from faults. The “green wire” in a facility power system is a safety conductor designed to carry current only in the event of a fault.

NOTE

Bonding of the neutral and grounding conductors is only allowed at the service entrance of a facility.

2.1.2.4 Signal Reference Subsystem (SRS). The SRS is a network of conductive paths to earth ground that establish a common reference to minimize ground voltage differences between equipment. Elements of the SRS are defined in the following paragraphs.

2.1.2.4.1 Floating Ground. When a ground system is electrically isolated from the facility ground and other conductive items.

The system provides for a low noise signal network but allows for a charge voltage to build up between equipment. The floating ground is not recommended for communication facilities.

2.1.2.4.2 Single Point Ground. When all signal circuits in a ground system are referenced to a signal point with-in the facility and that point is the only connection made tot he EES. The signal point ground is used only for systems operating at lower frequencies (DC-300KHz) and is the only connection.

2.1.2.4.3 Multipoint Ground. When several ground circuits in a system are connected to the facility ground (EES) at different points. Use of the multipoint ground is for systems operating at higher frequencies (above 300KHz).

2.1.2.4.4 Equipotential Plane. A mass of conductors (grid) over or under the equipment(s) or system(s) to be grounded. The grid is attached to the facility ground (EES) at several points and conductor length is limited as much as possible. The equipontential plane is used for systems operating at both high and low frequencies and at facilities where communication units are separated throughout a facility.

2.1.2.5 Shielding. Shielding is required where it is necessary to protect equipments from interference from electromagnetic fields. Table 2-3 provides references for the design of this protection.

2-3

2.1.2.6 Transient Protection. Transient protection is required due to coupling problems and/or generated by lightning surges.

Table 2-4 provides references for the design of this protection.

2.2 ATCALS EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS.

2.2.1 Station Ground Maintenance. ATCALS equipment site grounds are maintained to equipment specifications and military standards by the responsible Civil Engineering function.

2.2.2 Inspection of Site (Station) Grounds. Testing of the Site (Station) grounds for ATCALS equipment will be scheduled every 21 months and be performed IAW T.O. 31-10-24 by the base Civil Engineers function. This includes mobile/transportable systems when operated at their garrison location (Station).

2.3 SITE (STATION) GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS.

2.3.1 Current Requirements. The requirement for all installed ATCALS equipment Site (Station) grounds is a maximum of 10 ohms IAW MIL-STD-188-124.

2.3.2 New Installation Requirements. The goal for new system installation is 0-5 ohms IAW AFI 32-1065 and MIL-HDBK- 419A. This includes mobile/transportable systems when operated at their garrison location (Station).

2.4 SYSTEM GROUNDING, BONDING, SHIELDING, AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION INSPECTION.

2.4.1 Inspection Requirements. ATCALS equipment/facility require inspection of the grounding, bonding, shielding and lightning protection system when installed and at various other times in the life of the system.

2.4.2 Inspection Checklist. Table 2-5 provides general points of inspection to determine if an ACTALS facility grounding system is appropriate, requires modification, or needs repair. The inspection elements noted are general in nature but will serve as a guide as to the general health of the grounding system. The primary reference used is MIL-STD-188-124. If the result of any inspection point is “No” or “Unknown” further investigation is required to determine if a correction, repair, or modification is required.

Table 2-3. Shielding Design References

Reference Information Provided

MIL-HDBK-419A, Chapter 8 Provides basic electromagnetic field and shielding theory needed for the design of systems to shield facilities and equipment.

MIL-HDBK-419A, Para 8.6 Provides basic design rules for selection of shielding materials.

MIL-STD-188-124, Para 5.3 to 5.3.2.6 Provide overall military shielding design requirements.

Table 2-4. Transient Protection Design References

Reference Information Provided

MIL-HDBK-419A, Chapter 6 Provides the theories of electromagnetic interference by coupling and basic solutions to limit interference.

MIL-HDBK-419A, Volume II Provides interference and transient protection for communication systems and facilities. Lightning generated surge protection is referenced paragraphs 1.3.3.5 and 1.3.3.7.

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Table 2-5. Inspection Checklist

Results

No. Check1 Yes No Unknown

1 Inspect the Records:

1.1 Does the Base Civil Engineering office have records and/or drawings of the facility grounding system?

1.2 Does the facility have an Earth Electrode Subsystem (EES) installed?

1.3 Has the resistance of the EES been measured and recorded every 21 months?

1.4 Was the resistance measured via the fall-of-potential method?

1.5 Are the measured resistances below 10 ohms or less?

1.6 Have the buried ground bonds been inspected and were the results recorded?

1.7 Has the lightning protection system been inspected and were the results recorded?

1.8 Are all buried connections welded or brazed?

1.9 Are the elements of the EES IAW the reference, paragraph 5.1.1.1 through 5.1.1.1.6?

2 Inspect the Earth Electrode Subsystem (EES):

2.1 Are all known fences, buildings, towers, conducts, pipes, and other metal structures (above and below ground) within 6 feet of the outside perimeter of the EES bonded to the EES?

2.2 If there are any EES systems within 20 feet, then is that system encompassed by the EES under inspection IAW the reference, paragraph 5.1.1.3.8.1?

2.3 If there are any EES systems within 200 feet, then is that system bonded to the EES under inspection IAW the reference, paragraph 5.1.1.3.8.1?

2.4 Are all exposed removable connections coated with a corrosion preventive or sealant?

2.5 Are all exposed removable connections tight?

2.6 Are all subsystem connection risers (lightning, fault, signal, and structure) run separately and connected to the EES at separate locations?

2.7 Are all connection risers unbroken and fully bonded to the connectors?

2.8 Are all connection riser bend radius greater than 8 inches?

2.9 Are all connection riser bend angles greater than 90 degrees?

2.10 Are all EES conductors that run through metal conduit bonded to that conduit?

2.11 Are all conductor routes as short as possible?

2.12 Are all conductors connected at both ends (no open-ended-cables)?

2.13 Are all metal pipes, conducts, and cables entering any facility within the EES bonded to the building entry plate IAW reference, Figure 4?

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2.14 Is the entry plate of any facility within the EES bonded to that EES with two 1/0 AWG cables bonded to the plate at different locations?

2.15 Are all metal cable raceways and trays bonded to each other and connected to the EES at intervals not to exceed 50 feet along each run?

2.16 Are all external wiring enclosures bonded to the EES via a grounding conductor attached to an external ground stud peripherally welded to the enclosure?

2.17 Are all waveguides connected to the EES at the vertical-to-horizontal transition location and at the entry point?

2.18 Are all waveguides electrically continous?

2.19 Are all waveguides connected to the EES at the first and last support locations?

2.20 Are all connections to the EES made with a minimum 6 AWG solid or stranded (minimum 14 AWG strands) copper wire or higher?

3 Inspect the Lightning Protection Subsystem (LPS):

3.1 Are there air terminals (lightning rods) completing protecting the facility IAW the reference, paragraph 5.1.1.3.2?

3.2 Are the terminals placed as to ensure that all buildings, towers, poles, masts, etc are under the zone-of-protection provided by the terminals? A “zone-of- protection” if the space located under the surface of a sphere having a radius of 150-feet that is tangent to the earth and is resting on a lightning protection termination device.