164851ac_installation_manual_em710(s).pdf

Installation Manual

EM 710

Multibeam echo sounder

Kongsberg EM 710 Multibeam echo sounder

Installation Manual

Kongsberg Maritime

164851/C June 2009

Document history

Document number: 164851

Rev. A January 2006 First version.

Rev. B 11.08.2006

Rev. C June 2009

Note The information contained in this document remains the sole property of Kongsberg Maritime AS. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means, and the information contained within it is not to be communicated to a third party, without the prior written consent of Kongsberg Maritime AS.

Kongsberg Maritime AS endeavours to ensure that all information in this document is correct and fairly stated, but does not accept liability for any errors or omissions.

Warning The equipment to which this manual applies must only be used for the purpose for which it was designed. Improper use or maintenance may cause damage to the equipment and/or injury to personnel.

The user must be familiar with the contents of the appropriate manuals before attempting to operate or work on the equipment.

Kongsberg Maritime disclaims any responsibility for damage or injury caused by improper installation, use or maintenance of the equipment.

Comments To assist us in making improvements to the product and to this manual, we welcome comments and constructive criticism.

e-mail: km.documentation@kongsberg.com

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Table of contents

1 ABOUT THIS MANUAL

2 EM 710

2.1 System overview

2.2 System characteristics

2.3 Scope of supply

2.4 Supply conditions

2.4.1 Equipment responsibility

2.4.2 Project management

2.4.3 Installation, supervision and commissioning

2.5 Warranty

2.6 Installation requirements

2.6.1 Power supply

2.6.2 Environmental requirements

2.6.3 Noise sources

2.6.4 Dry docking

2.6.5 Wiring

2.7 General safety rules

3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Interfaces

3.2 Physical specifications

3.3 Power requirements

3.4 Environmental and EMC specifications

3.5 System performance data

3.6 External synchronisation and remote on/off

3.6.1 Clock sync 1 PPS

4 TRANSDUCER ARRAYS

4.1 Installation principles

4.1.1 Basic description

4.1.2 Installation philosophy

4.2 Installation steps

4.3 Locating the transducer array

4.3.1 The boundary water layer

4.3.2 Propeller noise

4.3.3 Noise from protruding objects on the hull

4.3.4 Summary

4.4 Installing the steel conduits

4.4.1 Logistics and references

4.4.2 Procedure

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4.5 Installing the mounting frames

4.5.1 Logistics and references

4.5.2 Procedures

4.5.3 Installation accuracy of frames

4.6 Installing the transducer modules

4.6.1 Logistics and references

4.6.2 Procedure

5 INSTALLATION EXAMPLES

5.1 Transducer blister

5.1.1 Logistics and references

5.2 Gondola

5.2.1 Logistics and references

5.3 Flush mount

5.4 Fairing

5.5 Steel box

6 SYSTEM UNITS

6.1 Operator station

6.2 Transceiver Unit

6.2.1 Location

6.2.2 General information

6.2.3 Logistics

6.2.4 Procedure

6.2.5 Surface preservation

6.3 Remote Control Junction Box

6.3.1 Location

6.3.2 General information

6.3.3 Logistics

7 CABLE LAYOUT

7.1 System cabling

7.2 Operator Station cables

7.3 Transceiver Unit cables

7.3.1 Transceiver Unit – front view

7.3.2 Transceiver Unit – rear view

7.3.3 Transceiver Unit – Cable configuration

7.3.4 TRU compact – 2 x 2 degree system

7.4 Transducer cables

7.4.1 Transmit array cable markings

7.4.2 Receive array cable markings

7.5 Cable specifications

7.6 Basic cabling requirements

8 ALIGNMENT

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8.1 Summary

8.2 Vessel coordinate system

8.3 Sensor location and alignment

8.3.1 Motion sensor

8.3.2 Heading sensor

8.3.3 Positioning system

8.3.4 Water line

8.4 Transducer Measurements

8.4.1 Transducer heading

8.4.2 Transducer roll and pitch

8.4.3 Transducer position

8.4.4 System calibration after final alignment

8.5 Calibration of system

9 SYSTEM TEST

9.1 Visual inspection of units

9.1.1 Scope

9.1.2 Operator Unit

9.1.3 Transceiver Unit

9.2 Electrical checks

9.2.1 Scope

9.2.2 Cabling

9.2.3 Operational voltages

9.3 Final installation checks

10 INSTALLATION DRAWINGS

10.1 Installation Drawings

10.1.1 0.5º mounting frame assembly TX module

10.1.2 1° mounting frame assembly RX module

10.1.3 2° mounting frame assembly TX/RX module

10.1.4 0.5 x 1° gondola

10.1.5 Transducer TX1 Outline dimensions

10.1.6 Transducer TX2 Outline dimensions

10.1.7 Transducer RX1 Outline dimensions

10.1.8 Transducer RX2 Outline dimensions

10.1.9 HWS Operator Station Outline dimensions

10.1.10 Transceiver Unit Outline dimensions

10.1.11 Transceiver Unit 2 x 2 degree system – Outline dimensions

10.1.12 Transceiver Unit mounting bracket

10.1.13 Junction Box – outline dimensions

10.1.14 Transceiver Unit cable clamp

10.2 Cable Drawings

10.2.1 Generic RS-232 Serial line

10.2.2 Generic coax cable

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10.2.3 Sound speed probe interface

10.2.4 RS-232 or RS-422/485 serial line

10.2.5 Trigger in/out (not used)

10.2.6 Internal control signals

10.2.7 Remote control and external trig

10.2.8 Standard AC power cable

10.2.9 Ethernet cable with RJ45

10.2.10 VGA/SVGA Display cable

10.2.11 USB cable

10.2.12 Keyboard cable

10.2.13 Mouse cable

10.2.14 Parallel printer

10.2.15 RX/TX transducer cables

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About this manual

1 ABOUT THIS MANUAL

The purpose of this manual

The purpose of this installation manual is to provide the descriptions and procedures required to install the Kongsberg EM 710 Multibeam echo sounder system units, and to perform the necessary cabling between the individual system units, and between the system and peripheral systems, sensors and devices.

Note

Detailed vessel specific mechanical drawings for the installation must be provided by the customer, or any shipyard contracted to perform the installation. Kongsberg Maritime AS may, on special order, supply these drawings. Drawings must be approved by the appropriate vessel certification authority prior to installation of the system.

The installation instructions given in this document must be adhered to. Failure to do so may render the guarantee void.

No special tools are generally required to perform installation, removal and replacement of modules and parts. When special tools are required, these are listed in the installation procedure.

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2 EM 710

Topics

• System overview on page 8

• System characteristics on page 11

• Scope of supply on page 12

• Supply conditions on page 14

• Installation requirements on page 16

• Warranty on page 16

• General safety rules on page 18

2.1 System overview

Key facts

The EM 710 multibeam echo sounder is a high to very high resolution seabed mapping system capable of meeting all relevant survey standards. The system configuration can be tailored to the user requirements, allowing for choice of beamwidths as well as transmission modes. The minimum acquisition depth is from less than 3 m below its transducers, and the maximum acquisition depth is up to 2000 m.

Acrosstrack coverage (swath width) is up to 5.5 times water depth to a maximum of more than 2000 m. The sounding density is very high, allowing even the very demanding LINZ special order survey specification for object detection to be met in full.

There are three basic versions of the EM 710:

• EM 710 - Full performance version.

• EM 710S - CW pulse forms only.

• EM 710RD - Short CW pulse only.

The reduced performance versions EM 710S and EM 710RD are upgradable to full performance.

Innovative acoustic principles

The EM 710 operates at sonar frequencies in the 70 to 100 kHz range. The transmit fan is divided into three sectors to maximize range capability but also to suppress interference from multiples of strong bottom echoes. The sectors are transmitted sequentially within each ping, and uses distinct frequencies or waveforms.

Both CW pulses of different lengths and even longer, compressible waveforms (chirps) are utilized. The alongtrack beamwidth depends upon the chosen transducer configuration with 0.5, 1 and 2 degrees available as standard. Focusing is applied individually to each transmit sector to retain the angular

8 164851/C resolution inside the near field. A ping rate of up to 25 per second is possible. The transmit fan is electronically stabilized for roll, pitch and yaw.

The EM 710 has a receive beamwidth of either 1 or 2 degrees depending on the chosen receive transducer. The number of beams is 256 or 128 respectively, with dynamic focusing employed in the near field.

A high density beam processing mode provides up to 400 or 200 soundings per swath by using a limited range window for the detections, which in practice is equivalent to synthetically sharpening the beamwidth.

The system will be able to generate two separate alongtrack swaths per ping. The system produces up to 800 (with 1 degree receive transducer) soundings per ping in this mode.

The beamspacing may be set to be either equiangular or equidistant. The receive beams are electronically roll stabilized.

This can be used to increase the resolution beyond what is achievable in normal operation. In high density mode, the size of each acoustic footprint is reduced to fit the higher sounding density. The coverage may be limited by the operator either in angle or in swath width without reducing the number of beams. A combination of phase and amplitude bottom detection algorithm is used, in order to provide soundings with the best possible accuracy.

Acoustical seabed imaging

Integrated seabed acoustical imaging capability is included as standard. Software to use this data for automatic seabed classification is available.

Water column display

A real time display window for water column backscatter is available. Logging of water column data and of raw stave data (before beamforming) is a system option.

Choice of operator software

The EM 710 is delivered as a complete stand-alone seabed mapping system. The Operator Station, a high-performance PC work station, includes the necessary operator controls for setting up and running the system, data logging and system testing. The Seafloor Information System (SIS) by Kongsberg Maritime also includes an extensive set of graphical displays for data quality control, as well as system calibration and other tools which are required. SIS supports on-line real-time data cleaning to improve the overall survey efficiency.

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Post-processing software for the EM 710 is available from both Kongsberg Maritime and third-party suppliers.

System drawing

Figure 1 EM 710 system units and interfaces

System configuration with desktop operator station, transceiver unit and transducer arrays.

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2.2 System characteristics

Main units

The basic EM 710 multibeam echo sounder consists four units

• Transmit Transducer

• Receive Transducer

• Transceiver Unit

• Operator Station A complete mapping system will in addition include a vessel motion sensor, heading sensor, sound velocity sensor(s) and a positioning system.

Transducers

The EM 710 transducers are fully water tight units intended for many years of trouble-free operation in rough seas. The transmit and receive transducers both have a width of 224 mm and a height of 118 mm. Their length depends upon the chosen beamwidth, either 970 mm for a 1 degree unit or 490 mm for a 2 degrees unit.

The weights are respectively 35 and 18 kg (excluding cables).

The weight of a 0.5º x 1º system are 70 and 18 kg (excluding cables).

The transducers have a maximum depth rating of 250 m.

A transmit beamwidth of 0.5 degree is achieved by mounting two 970 mm transmit transducers together alongship. Such a beamwidth reduction is not possible with the receive transducer.

The transducers are supplied as standard with 15 m long underwater cables terminated with a surface connector directly pluggable into the Transceiver Unit. On special order underwater connectors or longer cables may be supplied. Five, ten or twenty cables are used on the transmit transducer, two or four on the receive transducer, in accordance with the transducer length.

Transceiver Unit

The EM 710 Transceiver Unit contains all transmit and receive electronics, and the Processing Unit which performs the beamforming, bottom detection, and motion and sound speed corrections. It contains all interfaces for time-critical external sensors such as vessel attitude (roll, pitch, heading and heave), vessel position and external clock. More than one sensor of each type may be connected simultaneously, with one in use but all logged.

The Transceiver Unit comprises two 19” sub-racks contained in a cabinet designed for bulkhead or deck mounting.

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For the 2° x 2° system, the TRU are compressed in one 19” sub-rack.

The number of circuit boards will depend upon the chosen transducer configuration. Twisted pair Ethernet is used for data communication with the Operator Station.

Operator Station

The Operator Station of the EM 710 is the HWS high performance dual-processor PC workstation. The operator software is the Seafloor Information System (SIS). The HWS dual bootable to either Linux® or Windows XP®.

SIS, as a minimum, allows setting the EM 710 installation and runtime parameters, data logging and running self-test on the system without restrictions.

The SIS software also includes functionality for survey planning, 2D and 3D geographical display of the survey results, seabed image and water column displays, plus real-time data cleaning algorithms.

Alternatively, third-party software solutions can be used for the operator interface and real-time processing.

The HWS is normally supplied with a 19” industrialized LCD monitor with a resolution of 1280 x 1024 pixels. Support for a second monitor is included. A spill-proof US keyboard and a standard optical mouse is normally supplied, but optionally a small IP 65 rated keyboard with integrated track stick can be delivered.

2.3 Scope of supply

Standard system

A basic EM 710 multibeam echo sounder delivery includes:

1 Operator Station HWS with 19” LCD monitor 2 Transceiver Unit configured according to chosen model 3 Transducers in accordance to chosen model

• Transmit transducer (includes mounting frame)

• Receive transducer

• Necessary transducer cables (15 m length)

4 Signal and control cables

• Ethernet cable between Transceiver Unit and Operator

Station (4.5 m length) 5 All system software 6 Technical manuals covering system installation, operation and maintenance

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Options

System options available include:

• Mounting arrangement for over-the-side mounting of 2 by

2 degrees model transducers which may include integrated motion sensor, heading sensor and positioning sensor

• Remote control unit for Transceiver Unit

• Non-standard cable lengths or connectors

• Helmsman Display and/or additional monitors

• Various software options

• Removable disks

• IP65 integrated keyboard and pointing device

• Spare parts

System integration

The EM 710 system as presented in this product description is prepared for integration with other sensors to form a complete seabed mapping and inspection system. Kongsberg Maritime can supply the EM 710 either as a subsystem for integration by the user or other parties, or we can offer complete system solutions tailored to the user’s need.

Dual frequency system solutions can be formed by combining the EM 710 with a lower frequency multibeam echo sounder such as the EM 122 and EM 302.

Additionally Kongsberg Maritime may deliver the EM 710 as part of a complete survey system. This may include integration with single beam echo sounders and/or other multibeam echo sounders for seamless coverage of any depth range.

Services

Kongsberg Maritime AS may assist with the required engineering services for installation. These services may include:

• Recommending the best location of the transducer arrays

• Installation sketches to fit the specific vessel

• Assistance during the installation

• Testing

• Training Assistance from Kongsberg Maritime AS must be ordered separately, and are charged according to the contract.

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2.4 Supply conditions

2.4.1 Equipment responsibility

Upon receipt of the equipment the system owner or installation shipyard automatically becomes fully responsible for the equipment, unless otherwise stated in the contract. This responsibility covers the storage period before installation, the actual installation, commissioning, and the period between the completion of the commissioning and the acceptance of the equipment by the end user (normally the owner of the vessel or platform into which the equipment is to be installed).

During the installation period the equipment must be covered in such a way that it is protected from dust, paint spray/splashes and welding/cutting sparks. Precautions must be taken to ensure that no part of the equipment is used as a work platform, or for any other purpose for which it was not designed.

Any damage incurred during the installation period, even with a Kongsberg Maritime AS representative present, is the installation shipyard’s responsibility unless it can be proven that the damage was due to production or material defects in the equipment delivered by Kongsberg Maritime AS, or irresponsibility by Kongsberg Maritime AS personnel.

2.4.2 Project management

Project manager

Kongsberg Maritime AS will normally appoint a dedicated project manager for the delivery project. The manager will follow up the installation and delivery, and will be the installation shipyard’s and end user’s point of contact.

Installation performed by Kongsberg Maritime

Kongsberg Maritime AS will assist during the installation if specified in the contract or requested by the installation shipyard or customer. Before any installation work by Kongsberg Maritime AS can begin, all cables (at least those which are in any way connected with the system) must be run and connected to their respective terminations. These cables together with the transducer installation will then be checked by the Kongsberg Maritime AS engineers before they are used.

Depending upon the availability of electrical power either from the generators on board or from ashore, the equipment related to the system, and the various parts of the system will be tested during the Setting to Work (STW) period. This requires that interfaces to equipment delivered by other subcontractors are ready for integration testing.

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Delays may occur if any of the equipment related to the system is not available for Kongsberg Maritime AS for testing. During sea trials, the vessel must be at Kongsberg Maritime’s disposal when required, even though we cannot be held responsible for expenses relating to the running costs of the vessel.

After completion of the commissioning, the equipment should be officially handed over to the end user and the appropriate documents signed in accordance with the contract. All defects or deviations from the contract must be specified in detail in these documents. It should be noted that if such defects or deviations are not specified, they cannot be used by any of the parties concerned as valid reason for not signing the documents.

2.4.3 Installation, supervision and

commissioning

Electrical and mechanical installation

The installation shipyard is normally responsible for the installation of the entire system. In addition, the shipyard is responsible for providing and connecting all cables other than special cables supplied with the equipment. The actual installation and cable laying must comply with the vessel’s classification rules and the recommendations given in this manual.

Base frames may be required for some units. If so, these must be manufactured in accordance with the drawings provided in the applicable sections in this manual.

During the installation period, the equipment must be covered in such a way that it is protected from dust, paint spray/splashes and welding/cutting sparks. Precautions must be taken to ensure that no part of the equipment is used as a work platform, or for any other purpose for which it was not designed.

Note

Any damage incurred during the installation period, even with a Kongsberg Maritime AS representative present, is the installation shipyard’s responsibility unless it can be proven that the damage was due to production or material defects in the equipment delivered by Kongsberg Maritime AS, or irresponsibility by Kongsberg Maritime AS personnel.

Pre-commissioning and acceptance tests

Pre-commissioning and acceptance tests are conducted by Kongsberg Maritime AS personnel.

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Installation tests

The Kongsberg Maritime installation period (after shipyard installation) is normally divided into three consecutive phases

• The initial start-up and dock-side testing period. This period is normally known as Setting-to-Work (STW).

• Dock-side commissioning under operational conditions. This commissioning period is normally ended with a Harbour Acceptance Test (HAT).

• Sea Acceptance Test (SAT) with final commissioning under operational conditions at sea.

The extent of the tests is normally defined in the contract.

If required during a contractual test period, the shipyard must provide assistance necessary for the rapid and efficient completion of the work even when the work is to be performed outside normal working hours. This requirement includes assistance from subcontractors when applicable. Excessive waiting time resulting from delays caused by the shipyard will be charged to the shipyard.

HAT and SAT are performed according to Kongsberg Maritime test procedures

2.5 Warranty

The warranty on the scope of supply is 24 months from the date when the equipment is sent from the factory. Warranty does not cover damage or defects coming from improper storing of the equipment (i.e. cable damage by temperature oscillation, rusty components, physical damage etc.)

2.6 Installation requirements

2.6.1 Power supply

The supply voltage to the equipment is to be kept within the specifications given in the chapter Power requirements on page 22.

Kongsberg Maritime strongly recommends that the EM 710 Operator Station is powered through an Uninterruptedly Power Supply (UPS). The UPS must be large enough to allow minimum 10 minutes operation. The system can then be switched off in a controlled manner in case of power failures.

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2.6.2 Environmental requirements

Vibrations

If the vibration velocity amplitude at the base of the installed equipment is expected to exceed 1g in the range 5–50 Hz, constantly during operational life, special precautions are to be taken.

Consult the applicable manufacturer’s documentation for shock and vibration damping of the EM 710 Operator Station and peripherals.

For more information about temperature and environment, see Environmental and EMC specifications on page 23

Temperature and humidity

All equipment, unless otherwise specified, must be protected from temperature extremes and excessive humidity.

2.6.3 Noise sources

The vessel’s hull, rudder(s) and propeller(s) should be thoroughly inspected in dry dock prior to installation. Roughness below the water-line, deformities in the shell plating and protruding obstacles can create acoustical noise. These sources of turbulence must be smoothed or removed as best as possible. It is especially important that the propeller(s) is not pitted or damaged.

2.6.4 Dry docking

The Transducer installation must be done when the vessel is in dry dock. Make sure there is sufficient working space under the hull for this installation work.

Note

The location of the gondola and/or protection blister must be noted on the vessel’s docking plan for future reference.

2.6.5 Wiring

All cables between the bridge, the various operation- and equipment rooms, must be supported and protected along their entire length using conduits or cable trays. Note that the cables must not be installed in the vicinity of high-power supplies and cables, antenna cables or other possible sources of interference.

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2.7 General safety rules

The system operates on 115 and/or 230 Vac, 50/60 Hz with a switch in the Transceiver Unit.

WARNING

This voltage can be lethal.

The following safety precautions must be followed at all times during installation and maintenance work:

• Always switch off all power before installation or maintenance. Use the main circuit breaker, and label the breaker with a warning sign that informs others that maintenance or installation work is being carried out on the system.

• Read and understand the first aid instructions for electric shock.

• For safety reasons during troubleshooting on the equipment with power ON, two persons should always be present.

• Whenever maintenance is carried out, it is essential that a first aid kit is available, and that the maintenance personnel are familiar with the first aid instructions for electrical shock.

• The various parts of the system are heavy. Make sure that the appropriate tools and certified lifting equipment are available, and that the personnel are trained in installation and maintenance work.

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Technical specifications

3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Note

Kongsberg Maritime AS is engaged in continuous development of its products and reserves the right to alter specifications without prior notice.

Topics

• Interfaces on page 19

• Physical specifications on page 21

• Power requirements on page 22

• Environmental and EMC specifications on page 23

• System performance data on page 23

• External synchronisation and remote on/off on page 24

3.1 Interfaces

These interfaces are found on the Transceiver Unit and the Operator Station:

• Serial lines with operator adjustable baud rate, parity, data length and stop bit length for:

– Motion sensor (roll, pitch, heave and optionally heading) in format supported by sensors from the main suppliers like Applanix , iXSEA, Coda, Kongsberg Maritime

– Heading NMEA 0183 HDT, SKR82/LR60 or EM attitude format or Sperry Mk39 format

– Positions in either Simrad 90, NMEA 0183 GGA or GGK format

– External clock in NMEA 0183 ZDA format / Trimble UTC

– Sound speed at transducer

– Sea level height (tide)

– Single beam echo sounder depths

– Output of depth straight down in NMEA 0183 DPT format

• Interface for 1PPS (pulse per second) clock synchronisation signal

• SATA and Firewire interface for external data storage devices

• USB 2.0 interfaces for data storage, printing or plotting

• Parallel interface for Postscript colour graphics printer/plotter

• Ethernet interface for velocity input needed for Doppler compensation in chirp mode.

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• Gigabit and Megabit Ethernet interface for input of sound speed profile, tide and echo sounder depths, and output of all data normally logged to disk.

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3.2 Physical specifications

Transducer – 2 degrees

• Length: 490 mm

• Width: 224 mm

• Height: 118 mm

• Weight: 18 kg (nominal without cables)

Transducer – 1 degree

• Length: 970 mm

• Width: 224 mm

• Height: 118 mm

• Weight: 35 kg (nominal without cables)

Transducer – 0.5 degree (two 1 degree modules)

• Length: 1940 mm

• Width: 224 mm

• Height: 118 mm

• Weight: 70 kg (nominal without cables and mounting frame)

Transceiver Unit (version for bulkhead mounting)

• Height: 841 mm

• Width: 540 mm

• Depth: 750 mm (nominal including shock absorbers)

• Weight:

– 106 kg (2 by 2 degrees)

– 111 kg (1 by 2 degrees)

– 116 kg (1 by 1 degree)

– 127 kg (0.5 by 1 degree)

Note

A smaller Transceiver Unit is normally used for the 2 by 2 degrees model. (See below)

TRU compact – 2 x 2 degree system on page 87

Transceiver Unit – 2 x 2 degree system (version for bulkhead mounting)

• Height: 573 mm

• Width: 540 mm

• Depth: 750 mm (nominal including shock absorbers)

• Weight: 83 kg

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Operator Station

• Height: 127 mm

• Width: 427 mm (excluding rack fixing brackets)

• Depth: 480 mm (excluding handles and connectors)

• Weight: Approximately 20 kg

19” inch LCD monitor

• Height: 444 mm (excluding mounting brackets)

• Width: 483 mm (excluding mounting brackets)

• Depth: 68 mm (excluding mounting brackets)

• Weight: 12 kg (approximately with bracket)

3.3 Power requirements

Operational voltage and frequency

• AC voltage: 115 (60 Hz) or 230 (50 Hz) Vac Voltage ± 10% Frequency ± 5%

Acceptable transients

• Short time (max. 2 sec) : ± 20%, 42 – 69 Hz

• Spikes (max. 50µs) : < 1000 V

Transceiver Unit

• 0.5° x 1°: < 800W

• 1° x 1°: < 600W

• 1° x 2°: < 500W

• 2° x 2°: < 400W

• The single phase supply must be protected with 16A (230 Vac supply) slow-blow fuses.

• Operator Station: < 250 W

• LCD monitor: < 60 W (max)

• Remote Control: None Note

For 115 Vac operation, please contact km.hydrographic.support@kongsberg.com

22 164851/C mailto:km.hydrographic.support@kongsberg.com

Power interrupts

Menu settings, all parameters and the sound speed profile are stored on the Operator Station’s harddisk during operation, so operation can continue after power interruption. However, the file system may be damaged, so the use of an uninterruptable power supply (UPS) is highly recommended.

3.4 Environmental and EMC specifications

The system meets all requirements of the IACS E10 specification.

The Transceiver Unit meet the additional stronger requirements of the IEC 60945 specification.

The Operator Station and the LCD monitor are both IP22 rated.

The Transceiver Unit is IP54 rated.

Environment

• Operating temperature, sonar room: –5 to 50º C for TRU and

TD

• Operating temperature, operating room: +5 to 50º C for HWS

• Storage temperature: –30 to +70º C

• Humidity: 95% RH at 55°C , non-condensing Humidity requirements will depend on customer requirements.

Normal specification is up to 80% non-condensing.

Note

To extend the lifetime of the equipment, the sonar room should be equipped with sufficient ventilation and the temperature should not be too high (i.e. not > 30ºC) for long periods of time.

Vibration

• 5 – 150 Hz, 1.23g rms 2 hours duration

Shock

• Cabinets w/shock absorbers: 15g half period sine pulse

• Duration: 11 ms

3.5 System performance data

• Frequency range: 70 to 100 kHz

• Maximum ping rate: 30 Hz

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• Number of beams and soundings for each ping:

– 1 x 2 and 2 x 2 degrees: 128 beams with 200 soundings in High Density mode per swath

– 0.5 x 1 and 1 x 1 degree: 256 beams with 400 soundings in High Density mode per swath

– With Dual swath the number of beams and soundings are doubled

• Beamwidths: 0.5 x 1,1 x 2, 1 x 2 or 2 x 2 degrees

• Beam spacing: Equidistant, Equiangle, High Density

• Coverage sector: Up to 140 degrees

• Transmit beam steering: Stabilized for roll, pitch and yaw

• Receive beam steering: Stabilized for roll

• Depth range from transducers: 3 to approximately 2.000 metres

• Depth resolution: 1 cm

• Pulse lengths: 0.15, 0.5 and 2 ms CW and up to 120 ms FM

• Range sampling rate: 14 kHz (5 cm) at data output

3.6 External synchronisation and remote on/off

The RS 232 serial line type RTS and CTS signals are used for external synchronisation. In addition a trig out signal is issued by the TRU.

The signals are available on the plug marked remote on the TXP

RIO.

Table 1

Signal Levels Function TRU remote plug

CTS

(TRU input)

H=high= +3 to +15 V L=low = -3 to -15 V

H: Ping command to TRU L: Wait

Pin 8

RTS

(TRU output)

H=high= +3 to +15 V L=low = -3 to -15 V

H: TRU is ready for a new ping L: TRU is busy

Pin 7

CTS/RTS gnd Pin 6

Trig out (TRU output)

TTL Level H: TX is off L: TX is active Pin 1

Trig gnd Pin 2

For cable details, see Remote control and external trig on

24 164851/C

Figure 2 Typical sequence

When the TRU is ready for a new ping, RTS is set to H. When the external device is ready for a new ping, CTS shall be changed to H. The CTS must be high for minimum 100 microseconds.

The TRU will then change RTS to L (busy), issue a Trig out signal (will be low for 1 millisecond) to indicate the start of the transmit pulses, and then transmit the TX pulses. After the Trig out is received, the external device should turn CTS back to L.

When the receive period is finished and the TRU is ready for a new ping, the RTS will be changed to H, and the TRU will wait for a new trigger (a high level on CTS). If CTS is H all the time, or if external sync in the installation menu is switched off, the TRU will ping at its maximum rate.

Remote on/off

The TRU on/off function can be remotely controlled. The TRU is turned on by connecting pin 4 and 5 in the TRU remote plug together.

Trigger in/out (not used) on page 138

3.6.1 Clock sync 1 PPS

The 1 PPS (on pulse per second) signal is connected to the coax connector on the BSP RIO board. The BSP RIO is equipped with an optocoupler at this input. The input series resistor is tuned for a TTL signal (Low level<0.6 V, High level>3.2 V). The falling edge of the signal is used by the TRU to synchronize the internal clock. The 1 PPS signal must be minimum 1 microsecond long.

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4 TRANSDUCER ARRAYS

This chapter describes the installation of the EM 710 Transmit (TX) and Receive (RX) Transducer Arrays.

Drawings showing the installation principles and the physical dimensions are included in the text. Other drawings are included in the Drawing File.

Topics

• Installation principles on page 26

• Installation steps on page 27

• Locating the transducer array on page 31

• Installing the steel conduits on page 36

• Installing the mounting frames on page 38

• Installing the transducer modules on page 39

4.1 Installation principles

4.1.1 Basic description

The EM 710 uses separate transducer arrays for transmitting and receiving sound pulses.

The transducers may be fixed to the hull with bolts from the front, either directly on or recessed into the hull, or within sea chests.

The two transducer arrays are normally mounted as “T” or “L”-configurations, or a similar variant under the vessel’s hull (Mills Cross configuration).

The transmit transducer array should be approximately aligned parallel to the vessel’s keel. The receiver transducer array should be approximately aligned 90º on the keel. Both transducers should be horizontal, approximately on a plane on the keel.

There is no need for the arrays to have the exact same heading, roll and pitch.

The number of individual Tx and Rx modules in the two arrays depends on the chosen EM 710 configuration.

System configuration TX modules RX modules

0.5 x 1 degree 2 x TX1 1 x RX1

1 x 1 degree 1 x TX1 1 x RX1

1 x 2 degree 1 x TX1 1 x RX2

2 x 2 degree 1 x TX2 1 x RX2

The cables connecting the transducers to the Transceiver Unit have a standard length of 15 m, and are terminated with connectors which plug directly into the cabinet.

26 164851/C

Transducer arrays

4.1.2 Installation philosophy

The EM 710 Multibeam echo sounder is supplied as a basic echo sounder with two relatively large transducers. While the electronic units are installed using normal tools, the transducer arrays must be located and installed depending on the vessel’s design. A number of different factors related to the vessel’s design must be taken into consideration during the installation planning.

The basic installation methods are:

• Gondola

• Blister

• Flush-mounted integrated into the hull

• Externally mounted with fairing(s)

• In a box keel

• Any combination of the above See chapter Installation examples on page 43 A fairing will usually be added around the transducers to ensure laminar water flow without any aeration problems. A blister or gondola installation may help in avoiding air bubble blockage of the sound path under the transducers by aerated water. Blisters and gondolas may also contain additional transducers for other systems.

Normally, in a permanent installation, the cables enter the hull through tubes which are fitted with standard ship type cable glands (Brattberg, Roxtec or equivalent) to provide water tightness. The cable glands should be of the type having a pressure rating of 4 bars or more. If the tubes end below the vessel’s water-line, classification requirements may require a double set of glands.

The installation of the transducer arrays must thus be planned together with the installation shipyard and/or the client.

Once the installation method is defined, the installation shipyard must provide the necessary drawings. These drawings must be approved by the vessel’s classification authority.

If required, Kongsberg Maritime AS can assist with the required engineering.

4.2 Installation steps

The following steps must be taken to install the EM 710 transducer arrays:

1 Determine the physical location of the transducer arrays under the vessel’s hull.

Locating the transducer array on page 31

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Note it is important to minimize the alongship gap between the RX and the TX arrays to improve the performance at very shallow water (to get overlap between RX and TX footprints).

2 Design the transducer installation method.

• Several methods may be used: gondola, blister, flush mounting, external mounting with fairing(s), or any combination of these. The method must be chosen according to the vessel’s hull design.

• On a new vessel, the transducer arrays may be incorporated into the hull for flush mounting. On older vessels, a transducer blitser is usually designed to be mounted under the hull. A gondola can also be designed.

Examples of transducer array installation methods are provided from Installation examples on page 43 A typical blister is shown in Blister and steel pipe arrangements (example) on page 34 A typical gondola is shown in Gondola for 0.5 x 1 degree system on page 35

3 Prepare the transducer array installation arrangement.

• The installation arrangement must be capable of accepting the two transducer frames.

4 Install the steel conduits.

The installation procedure is given on Installing the steel conduits on page 36

5 Install the mounting frames. Note that these are normally only required for the 0.5 degree transmit transducer.

The installation procedure is given on Installing the mounting frames on page 38

6 Install the transducer modules.

The installation procedure is given on Installing the transducer modules on page 39

7 Lay the transducer cables from the transducer modules to the steel conduits. Each cable is marked in both ends with the module’s serial number and cable number.

8 Note the orientation of the transducer cable outlet from the transducer modules. Fill in the tables below.

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Table 2 TX1 and TX2 Cable orientation

Module type (TX1 / TX2) Serial no.

Cable orientation (Port/starboard)

Table 3 TX1 and TX2 Cable orientation

Module type (TX1 / TX2) Serial no.

Cable orientation (Port/starboard)

Table 4 RX1 and RX2 Cable orientation

Module type (RX1 / RX2) Serial no.

Cable orientation (bow/astern)

Note

It is possible to mount the TX array(s) with the cables pointing to the port or to the starboard side. The default orientation is starboard side. (this should be used if possible, but cabling may make it difficult).

If mounting is in accordance with the default orientation, the installation heading is 0 degrees. If the TX array(s) is mounted with cables pointing to port side, 180 degrees must be added to the measured heading coming from the alignment. In this case the sign of the measured TX array installation roll and pitch angles must be inverted in the SIS installation menu.

Observe that the figures may have to be corrected after alignment measurements.

alignment on page 96 Note

For a 0.5 x 1 degree system, cables from both TX arrays must drawn in the same way (for example to the starboard side).

It is possible to mount the RX array with the cables pointing towards bow and towards stern. The default orientation is astern. (This should be used if possible, but cabling may make it difficult.)

If mounting is in accordance with the default orientation, the installation heading is the measured value coming from

164851/C 29 the alignment. If the array is mounted with cables pointing towards bow, 180 degrees must be added to the measured heading. In this case the sign of the RX array installation roll and pitch angles must be inverted in the SIS installation menu.

Observe that the figures may have to be corrected after alignment measurements.

alignment on page 96

9 Pull the cables up through the steel conduits 10 Seal the steel conduits 11 Connect the cables to the Transceiver Unit.

The installation procedure is given on Cable layout on

Figure 3 Default orientation of transducer modules and cables, top view, principle drawing

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4.3 Locating the transducer array

Correct location of the system’s transducer is vital for the operational performance.

A single answer to the question of where to locate the transducer arrays cannot be given. It depends very much on the vessel’s construction. However, there are some important guidelines which are generally applicable.

4.3.1 The boundary water layer

The upper water layers of the sea contain a myriad of small air bubbles created by breaking waves. In heavy seas the uppermost 5-10 metres may be air-filled, with the highest concentrations near the surface. Air bubbles absorb and reflect sound waves, and may in the worst conditions block sound transmission totally.

When a vessel moves through the sea, the friction between the hull and the water creates a boundary layer. The thickness of the boundary layer depends upon the vessel speed and the roughness of its hull. Any objects protruding from the hull, and any dents in the hull, will disturb the flow and increase the thickness of the boundary layer. The flow in this boundary layer may be laminar or turbulent. A laminar flow is a nicely ordered, parallel movement of the water. A turbulent flow has a disorderly pattern, full of eddies. The boundary layer increases in thickness when the flow goes from laminar to turbulent.

Furthermore, air bubbles in the sea water are pushed down below the hull and mixed into the boundary layer. The boundary layer is thin underneath the forward part of the vessel, and increases in thickness as it moves aftwards. If the sides of the hull are steep, some of the air bubbles in the boundary layer may escape to the sea surface along the vessel sides. It is our experience that a wide and flat bottom, with a rising angle less than about 13 degrees athwarthship, is prone to cause air problems for a transducer.

Sketch of boundary layer underneath the vessel on page 32 shows in principle the boundary layer of a vessel moving through the water.

The conclusion is that the transducer array should be mounted as deep as possible, and in the forward part of the hull.

4.3.2 Propeller noise

The propulsion propeller is the dominant noise source on most vessel types. The noise is transmitted through the sea water, and may in extreme cases reduce the maximum range capability of the EM 710.

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Figure 4 Sketch of boundary layer underneath the vessel

The transducer arrays should therefore be placed far away from the propeller, which means on the forward part of the hull.

Positions outside the direct line of sight from the propeller are favourable.

When a bow thruster operates, the noise and cavitation bubbles from its propellers may make an echo sounder useless. Even when the bow thruster is not in operation, its tunnel creates turbulence.

The tunnel may also drag air under the water, which escapes and make noise.

The transducer array should be placed with large distance from the bow thruster.

4.3.3 Noise from protruding objects on the

hull Objects protruding from the hull, such as zinc anodes, sonar transducers or even the vessel’s keel, generate turbulence and flow noise. Also holes and pipe outlets are noise sources. They may act as resonant cavities amplifying the flow noise at certain frequencies.

Thus the transducer array should not be located in the vicinity of such objects, and especially not close behind them.

4.3.4 Summary

Some of the above guidelines may be conflicting, and each case has to be treated individually in order to find the best compromise.

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Figure 5 Recommended location of the transducer array on the hull

The possibility of getting air bubbles in front of the transducer array is the most important factor.

If the vessel hull has a bulbous bow, this may well be a good transducer array location, but also in this case the flow pattern of the aerated water must be taken into consideration. Often the foremost part of the bulb is preferable as shown below.

Figure 6 Transducer array located on a bulbous bow

If a nominal horizontal mounting of the transducer array is desired, the transducers can be mounted parallel to the keel. Most ships have a positive design pitch of 0.5 to 2°. Backward tilt is not recommended, it may limit the operational weather window.

The recommended transducer array location is in the fore part of the hull, and normally follow the keel line with respect to tilt.

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Figure 7 Blister and steel pipe arrangements (example)

Vessel ’s hull

Water filled blister , air outlet towards the hull

Steel conduits must be terminated above the water line

One or two conduits for the Tx Transducer array

One steel conduit for the Rx Transducer array

Support brackets inside the hull, must not block for the transducer cables

Casings for the transducer arrays frames and modules

Ice and debris knife

(CD021644)

34 164851/C

Figure 8 Gondola for 0.5 x 1 degree system

Flatness before and after installation of arrays in the frame

1 Install the frame under the hull Installing the mounting frames on page 38

2 Check the flatness of the frame The mounting structures must not deviate from a flat surface more than ± 0.2 mm. This can be checked by measuring the relative vertical positions of the module mounting bars on the frames. If the deviations are too large, this has to be corrected before the modules are put in place Flatness of the frame on page 36

3 Install the modules When the installation of the transducer arrays are done in the frame, the transmit module has to be installed along the keel and the receiver module has to be installed across the keel. Therefore the angel between the transmit and receiver transducer has to be 90° in a “T” or a “L” module.

During the installation, check that the procedure Installing the transducer modules on page 39 are followed.

164851/C 35

4 Check the flatness of the installation of the modules in the frame

Figure 9 Flatness of the frame

5 After the installation of all modules in the frame, check the complete flatness of the frame and arrays surface.

The deviation shall not exceed ±0.2 mm in any direction of the surface.

4.4 Installing the steel conduits

The transducer cables connect through the vessel’s hull using steel conduits. The steel conduits are welded to the vessel’s hull.

The top of each conduit must be closed and sealed to preserve the watertightness. This can be done with a “Bratberger”, “Roxtec” or a similar sort of sealing device.

The installation of the steel conduits must be properly planned, and all plans and drawings must be approved by the vessel’s classification authority. This is always the yard’s responsibility.

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For the principles, see Blister and steel pipe arrangements (example) on page 34 The steel conduits must be designed to fit each individual vessel.

They are not included with the system delivery. The steel conduits must therefore be both provided (or manufactured) and installed by the installation shipyard. The number of steel conduits depends on the chosen system configuration and the internal diameter of the conduits.

• a 0.5° x 1° system (2 TX1 modules and 1 RX1 modules) requires two Tx conduits and one Rx conduit.

• a 1° x 1° system (1 TX1 modules and 1 RX1 modules) requires one Tx conduits and one Rx conduit.

• a 1° x 2° system (1 TX1 modules and 1 RX1 modules) requires one Tx conduits and one Rx conduit.

• a 2° x 2° system (1 TX1 modules and 1 RX1 modules) requires one common Tx and Rx conduit.

4.4.1 Logistics and references

Safety - Refer to the general safety procedures.

Qualifications - Mechanical workers Ship location - Dry dock Special tools - None Drawings Installation drawings on page 109

4.4.2 Procedure

How to mount the steel conduits

1 Design the steel conduits with appropriate length and diameter to fit the echo sounder.

2 Mount the steel conduits from the vessel hull and up towards the sonar room and the EM 710 Transceiver Unit.

• The steel conduit(s) should have an outer diameter of approximately 219 mm and an inner diameter of approximately 197.0 mm.

• The steel conduits are laid as required by the vessel structure and the location of the blister and sonar room.

The conduits may be bent if required, but not more than 30 degrees. Note however that one or two sharp bends on the conduits may require a larger diameter.

• The upper opening of the steel conduits should be above the vessel’s water line. If the openings of these conduits are under the water level, then special acceptances are needed from the classification soc.

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3 Close the top of the steel conduits with a seal.

• Kongsberg Maritime recommends the use of sealing from

Roxtec, Bratberg or similar. This system is described in the Appendices chapter in this manual.

4.5 Installing the mounting frames

Mounting frames are designed to house the individual transducer modules.

A mounting frame is normally required for the 0.5 degree transmit transducer as it consists of two separate modules. This should not be necessary for the other transducer models. These are self-contained units and due to their internal (very strong) carbon-fibre structures, they may be bolted directly to a flat mounting plate (for example).

While the transducer modules are mounted into the frames, the frames require casings. The casings must be individually designed for each vessel, and it is not a part of the system delivery. The casings must therefore both be provided (or manufactured) and installed by the installation shipyard.

The installation must be carried out according to arrangement drawings designed for the specific vessel. Refer to the drawings included in the Drawing File, and the applicable drawings prepared by the installation shipyard.

4.5.1 Logistics and references

Safety - Refer to the general safety procedures. Note that the units are heavy !

Personnel - Trained mechanical workers Ship location - Dry dock Special tools - None Drawings - Refer to the previously mentioned drawings in the Drawing File.

1° mounting frame assembly RX module on page 112 2° mounting frame assembly TX/RX module on page 114

4.5.2 Procedures

Note

The mounting frames must be handled with care. Please observe normal safety precautions for dockyard work and welding.

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