B08-Attach_18-Treatment_Guidelines_-_Fort_Yellowstone_-_Final_-_Full_Document.pdf

Table of Contents

Project Team 3

List of buildings assessed 4

Part 1 Project Overview

Project Purpose 5

Project Background 5

Scope and Objectives 5

Methodology 6

Treatment 6

Part 2 Treatment Guidelines

Building No. 2, Double Captain’s Quarters 9

Building No. 3, Field Officer’s Quarters 27

Building No. 4 and 5, Double Officer’s Quarters 43

Building No. 6 and 7, Double Officer’s Quarters 61

Building No. 8, Army Post Headquarters 79

Building No. 9, Guard House 97

Building No. 10, 11, and 12, Quartermaster Storehouse, Commissary, and Granary 115

Building No. 14, Hospital Sergeant’s Quarters 135

Building No. 30 and 33, Noncommissioned Sergeant’s Quarters 151

Building No. 31 and 32, Noncommissioned Sergeant’s Quarters 169

Building No. 83, Quarters 83, Lower Mammoth 185

Appendices 197

A Wood Sash Window Preservation, Best Practice Guidelines

B Wood Storm Window Specification

C Roof Eave Sketch Detail

D French Drain Sketch Detail

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Project Team

Historic Preservation Training Center

Craig Chenevert, Historical Architect, Principal Author

Rebecca Cybularz, Historical Architect

Jennifer Leeds, Historical Architect

Mark Slater, Historical Architect

Erin Gibbs, Historic Preservation Training Manager

Yellowstone National Park

Doug Madsen, Landscape Architect/Project Manager

Nancy Finley, Chief of Yellowstone Center for Resources

Robert Kammel, Chief of Professional Services

Duane Bubac, Chief of Facilities Management

Daniel Hallett, Deputy Chief of Facilities Management

Tobin Roop, Chief, Branch of Cultural Resources

Zehra Osman, Landscape Architect/Cultural Resources Specialist

Denver Service Center

Jason Longshore, Contracting Officer

Dennis Brooke, Project Manager

Carol Sperat, Contracting Officer’s Representative

Kristen Rowe, Contracting Officer’s Representative

Fort Yellowstone buildings assessed in this report:

• Building No. 2, Double Captain’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 2815

• Building No. 3, Field Officer’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 3851

• Building No. 4, Double Officer’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 5944

• Building No. 5, Double Officer’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 5947

• Building No. 6, Double Officer’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 5954

• Building No. 7, Double Officer’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 5956

• Building No. 8, Army Post Headquarters, FMSS Asset No. 5958

• Building No. 9, Guard House, FMSS Asset No. 5961

• Building No. 10, Quartermaster Storehouse, FMSS Asset No. 6022

• Building No. 11, Commissary, FMSS Asset No. 6023

• Building No. 12, Granary, FMSS Asset No. 6024

• Building No. 14, Hospital Sergeant’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 6031

• Building No. 30, Noncommissioned Sergeant’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 6056

• Building No. 31, Noncommissioned Sergeant’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 6058

• Building No. 32, Noncommissioned Sergeant’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 6062

• Building No. 33, Noncommissioned Sergeant’s Quarters, FMSS Asset No. 6064

• Building No. 83, Quarters 83, Lower Mammoth, FMSS6133

Project Overview

Project Purpose

The purpose of this Treatment Guidelines Report is to provide documentary, photographic and explicit information detailing the existing exterior conditions of sixteen residences at Fort

Yellowstone and one residence at Lower Mammoth Hot Springs. The Treatment Guidelines

Report will safe-guard the preservation efforts by defining compliance with The Secretary of the

Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring & Reconstructing Historic Buildings and recommends an appropriate level of treatment to each building in order to meet the National Park Service’s mission requirement as outlined in NPS-28, Guidelines for the Management of Cultural Resources.

Project Background

The Historic Preservation Training Center (HPTC) developed this report to provide treatment guidelines for the sixteen residences at Fort Yellowstone and one residence at Lower Mammoth

Hot Springs. The treatment guidelines, upon implementation, will stabilize all residences, ensure that all structures are returned to good repair, and preserve and respect their character defining features. Exterior treatments will protect the building from weather conditions, provide a water resistant exterior, allow for proper ventilation, and keep the building structurally sound.

All of these Fort Yellowstone residences are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as contributors to the Fort Yellowstone National Historic Landmark District. Building 83 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributor to the Mammoth Hot Springs

Historic District.

Scope and Objectives

These Treatment Guidelines include the following:

1. Project Overview

2. Standards

3. Physical description of each building taken from the National Register Nomination forms

4. A description of each exterior building element

5. A visual condition assessment of each exterior building element

6. Treatment guidelines for each exterior building element

Methodology

The full HPTC team visited the site between November 2-5 to conduct field research, prepare a typical building feature master list, record the visual conditions of the building elements and to photograph each structure. The project team conducted and documented an exterior feature inventory visual condition assessment. The HPTC team leader reviewed existing background documents provided by the park and used architectural drawing and historic photos to create a comparison between past and present conditions.

Each exterior building element was evaluated and assigned an attendant condition rating.

The condition rating system is as follows.

Good - The feature was intact, structurally sound and performing its intended purpose. The feature needed no repair or rehabilitation, only routine or preventative maintenance.

Fair - The feature is in fair condition if either of the following conditions is present:

• There are early signs of wear, failure, or deterioration though the feature is generally structurally sound and performing its intended purpose - or -

• There is failure of a portion of the feature.

Poor - The feature is in poor condition if any of the following conditions is present:

• The feature is no longer performing its intended purpose - or -

• Significant elements of the feature are missing - or -

• Deterioration or damage affects more than 25% of the feature - or -

• The feature shows signs of imminent failure or breakdown.

Unknown - Not enough information is available to make an evaluation.

Treatment

Results of the feature inventory and the visual condition assessment are compiled into this report.

Preservation and rehabilitation treatments are recommended in accordance with The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring & Reconstructing Historic Buildings are recommended for all buildings included in this report.

The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with

Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring & Reconstructing Historic Buildings

Guidelines for Rehabilitation prepared by Kay Weeks and Anne Grimmer and revised by

Grimmer (2017) defined preservation as follows:

Preservation is defined as the act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity, and materials of an historic property. Work, including preliminary measures to protect and stabilize the property, generally focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and repair of historic materials and features rather than extensive replacement and new construction. New exterior additions are not within the scope of this treatment; however, the limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a preservation project. (27)

The preservation standard is appropriate for most of the treatment guidelines in this report, e.g.

painting and repair or replace in-kind.

The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with

Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring & Reconstructing Historic Buildings

Guidelines for Rehabilitation prepared by Kay Weeks and Anne Grimmer and revised by

Grimmer (2017) defined rehabilitation as follows:

Rehabilitation is defined as the act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair, alterations, and additions while preserving those portions or features which convey its historical, cultural, or architectural values. (75)

The rehabilitation standard is appropriate for repairs where minor detail changes are proposed in the treatment guidelines, e.g. Restoring the roof overhangs without the integral gutters at buildings 4-7 and adding ABA/ADA compliant stairs, handrails, landing, and guardrails at the rear entrances of buildings 4-7.

The overall goal of this document is to inform and direct the park’s project “Rehabilitate Exteriors of Historic Fort Yellowstone Buildings, PMIS 307127” and to serve as support documentation for the rehabilitation project’s NHPA Section 106 compliance process.

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Double Captain’s Quarters – Building 2

Double Captain’s Quarters

Common Name: Building 2

Location: Mammoth, Park County, WY

Date of Construction: 1909

Square Footage: 9,464

National Register Status: Contributing, Fort

Yellowstone NHL

Period of Significance: 1888 - 1918

FMSS Asset No: 2815

NPS Building No: HS-0002

Building Description

The Fort Yellowstone National Historic Landmark Nomination Form by R. Laurie Simmons and

Thomas H. Simmons (2000) describes the building as follows:

Double Captains' Quarters (Building 2), QMG No. 142-G, 1909. The captains' quarters originally provided housing for the army medical officer and the army engineer. It is a two-and-a-half story rock-faced ashlar native sandstone duplex residence with irregular coursing and a dressed-stone water table. The house is in the front row of buildings that face the parade ground and has a hipped roof covered with red clay tiles and one interior stone chimney. The roof has hipped roof dormers sided with painted wood shingles. Dormers are centered above the main entrances and have three windows. For the most part, the building has six-over-six-light double-hung windows.

The north and south walls have entrances to the two units in the building. The entrances are protected by gable roof porches with open king post trusses in the ends. The porch roofs are supported by wood posts, three at the outside corners and one at the two inside corners adjacent to the main wall of the building. The porches are enclosed on two sides with decorative cross-braced balustrades. The west sides of both porches are open and accessed via concrete steps. Both units also have hipped roof rear porches with post supports and stick balustrades. (15-16)

Building 2 is currently used by the park as a duplex housing unit.

Building Envelope Component Assessment and Guidelines

Site

Description

The site generally slopes from west to east. The high point is the top of the curb adjacent to

Officers Row and the low point is the site’s intersection at Barracks Street. The grade falls approximately 26 inches from the front to the back of the building. A gentle cross slope runs north to south. A six-inch concrete curb and gutter and a four foot wide sidewalk run along

Officers Row and two sidewalks extend from the road to the building. The site is fully sodded

Figure 1 – North (front unit 4A) elevation – Building 2 with mature evergreen and deciduous trees and an irrigation system. Several of these trees are within five feet of the building’s foundation.

Condition

The site is in good to fair condition. Much of the roof’s stormwater/snow melt drains into the building’s foundation and several low areas adjacent to the building’s foundation collect stormwater/snow melt in small ponds during these weather events. Evidence of ground burrowing rodent activity is negatively affecting the lawn and possibly the building’s foundations. The irrigation system, installed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, is beyond its service life and system replacement is due.

Treatment Guidelines

1. Consult with the park’s wildlife staff to discuss measures to prevent ground burrowing rodents from burrowing at the building’s foundation. See appendix D.

Figure 2 – Southwest (corner) – Building 2

Figure 3 – West (side) – Building 2

Low area of ponding water adjacent to the building’s foundation and directly below a roof eave

Downspout without a splash block, potential contributor to the stone foundation damage and ponding water

Downspout without a splash block, potential and ponding water

Low area of ponding water adjacent to the building’s foundation and directly below a roof eave

2. Engage the services of a certified arborist to evaluate the health of the trees on and provide recommended treatments to these trees to minimize the potential damage to the building and its foundation. Consider root pruning and/or the installation of root barriers.

3. In order to ensure the preservation of the character of the setting and cultural landscape, engage the services of a landscape architect to coordinate all site improvements, including work affecting trees, sidewalks (accessibility), site-grading, rodent-proofing, etc., in order to mitigate damage to trees and minimize tree loss while protecting building.

4. Implement the recommendations of the arborist.

5. Engage the services of a landscape architect to evaluate and design improvements to reestablish positive stormwater/snow melt drainage away from the building’s foundation.

This design should include swales and/or a subsurface drainage system created to collect stormwater/snow melt and direct it downhill away from the building. Area drains, French drains, low retaining walls, etc. should also be considered to achieve positive stormwater/snow melt drainage away from the building’s foundation. See appendix “D”.

6. Implement the recommendations of the landscape architect including the site stormwater/snow melt drainage improvements.

7. Replace portions of the concrete sidewalks from Officers Row to the building that are deteriorated and/or as required due to regrading the area around the buildings.

8. Remove the biological growth with D/2 biocide.

Foundation/Basement

Building 2 rests on an irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone faced concrete foundation wall with a basement. The foundation/basement wall is capped with a dressed stone water table and punctuated by wood hopper type windows below. The basement is equipped with a radon mitigation system.

Figure 4 – North (front, unit 4A) – Building 2

Biological growth due to stormwater and snow melt splash

Downspout without a splash block, potential contributor to the stone foundation damage and ponding water

Low area of ponding water adjacent to the roof valley

Condition

The foundation/basement wall appears to be in good condition. A few narrow cracks were observed around the building. The dressed stone water table and dressed stone windowsills of the basement exhibit areas of spalling.

1. Engage the services of a testing laboratory to perform an analysis of the original stone mortar to yield a recipe for a compatible repair mortar. Color match the inside of the mortar (the outside has over 100 years of patina).

2. Archive the results of the mortar analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Engage the services of an architect/structural engineer/geological technician to evaluate the cracks in the stone faced concrete foundation/basement wall and provide recommendations for the preservation of the stone. For areas where spalling occurs, consider stone repair products such as those by Cathedral Stone Products, Summit

Sealants, etc.

4. Implement the recommendations of the architect/structural engineer/geological technician. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

Figure 5 – South (front, unit 4B) – Building 2

Figure 6 – South (front, unit 4B) – Building 2

Spalling of dressed stone water table

Minor spalling of the dressed stone water table

Spalling of the dressed stone windowsills

5. Repair and repoint all areas of the stone foundation walls with missing or spalled stone and missing or loose mortar. The mortar mix shall be from the recipe determined by the mortar analysis. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

6. Provide splash blocks below all active downspouts to direct stormwater/snow melt drainage away from the building’s foundations.

Exterior Wall System

Building 2 is constructed of a light wood framing system with a veneer of irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone with dressed stone sills, lintels and a second story datum.

The exterior stone veneer walls appear to be in good condition. A few narrow cracks at mortar loss were observed around the building. The stone walls exhibit minor spalling especially of the dressed stone features.

mortar to yield a recipe for a compatible repair mortar. Color match the inside of the mortar (the outside has over 100 years of patina).

2. Archive the results of the mortar analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Engage the services of an architect/structural engineer to evaluate the cracks in the stone veneer and provide recommendations for the preservation of the stone. For areas where spalling occurs, consider stone repair products such as those manufactured by Cathedral

Stone Products, Summit Sealants, etc. Consider formalizing the cracks that run the full

Figure 7 – South (front, unit 4B) – Building 2

Dressed stone datum – in the shadows

Dressed stone lintel

Dressed stone sill

Irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone

Dressed stone lintel

Dressed stone sill

Dressed stone water table height of the wall into expansion joints and repairing the cracks in stones with injection grout such as those manufactured by Cathedral Stone Products. See appendix F.

4. Implement the recommendations of the architect/structural engineer. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

5. Repair and repoint all areas of the stone walls with missing or spalled stone and missing or loose mortar. The mortar mix shall be from the recipe determined by the mortar analysis. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

6. Remove all derelict mounting hardware, fasteners, etc., from the stone wall and patch the holes with a stone grout matching the color of the surrounding stone.

Exterior Windows

The windows in Building 2 are primarily wood double hung, six over two and six over one units.

The remaining are three light inward acting wood hopper type units in the basement. All windows are protected new wood storm windows.

The wood windows and storm windows appear to be in good condition and are eminently repairable.

Figure 8 – East (side) – Building 2

Dressed stone lintel

Typical wood double hung six over six window unit with wood storm window

Irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone

1. Engage the services of a paint analyst to determine the following:

a. The presence of lead-based paint.

b. The types and compatibility of existing paints.

c. The color scheme, including color matching, of the period of significance as determined by the park.

2. Archive the paint samples and the results of the paint analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Engage the services of a hazardous materials analyst to test the glazing putty of the wood window units for the presence of asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), etc.

4. All wood windows and wood storm windows shall be rehabilitated to full operation in accordance with the attached document, “Wood Sash Window Preservation, Best Practice

Guidelines, Grand Canyon National Park (BPG).” See appendix A.

5. Wood window units and wood storm window units that are not able to be rehabilitated according to the attached BPG, shall be replaced in kind with duplicate units of the original extant units. Full replacement of any window unit shall be reviewed in the field with park Cultural Resources staff. Decisions made during this meeting will be recorded in writing by the NPS project manager and a record copy of the decision given to the general contractor with directions on how to proceed.

Exterior Doors

The north (front unit 4A) and south (front unit 4B) main entry doors are half glass and panel wood doors with a single light and two equal vertical raised wood panels below. The storm doors are two thirds glass and panel wood doors with three horizontal lights and three horizontal raised wood panels below. The transom window and its storm unit are divided into three equal lights.

The east (side) entry and secondary entry doors are half glass and panel wood doors that are divided into two over two lights and two equal horizontal raised wood panels below. The storm

Figure 9 – South (front, unit 4B) – Building 2

Dressed stone water table

Wood hopper type basement window with wood storm window

Irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar

Spalling of the dressed stone windowsills doors are two thirds glass and panel wood doors with three equal horizontal lights and three horizontal raised wood panels below.

All exterior doors appear to be in good physical condition.

a. The presence of lead-based paint.

b. The types and compatibility of the existing paints.

c. The color scheme, including color matching, of the period of significance as determined by the park.

2. Archive the paint samples and the results of the paint analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Strip all existing paint on all sides of all doors, storm doors, and transoms. This task should not be performed until all paint testing is complete.

4. Repair or replace in kind all decayed, damaged, and missing components, etc. All new wood materials shall be back primed.

5. Prepare, prime, and paint all wood doors, storm doors, screen doors, and transoms with a permeable paint such as a traditional linseed oil based paint. All paint preparation, priming, and painting shall be performed in strict accordance with all the paint system manufacturer’s written instructions.

6. Provide new compatible hardware in a matching finish to replace missing, damaged, worn, or incompatible existing door hardware and weatherstripping, etc.

Figure 10 – North (front) – Building 2 Figure 11 – East (side) – Building 2

Roof System

The roof covering system consists of unglazed red Ludowici French style interlocking clay roof tiles with matching clay tile hip and ridge trim pieces and sheet metal, lead, or mortar flashings.

The roofs overhangs are composed of painted decoratively cut exposed rafter tails and painted wood roof decking.

The main roof and porch roofs are drained by a double wall sheet metal gutter and downspout system. The outer wall of the gutters has an ogee profile and the inner wall is a simple box profile. Round fluted downspouts, conductor heads, and round cast iron boots carry the stormwater/snow melt down to grade. The gutters and downspouts are character defining features and should be retained.

Building 2 has a small section of flat roof located east of the main roof’s ridge. This section of roof is covered in flat, seamed sheet lead.

Figure 12 – South (front, unit2) – Building 2

Figure 13 – South (front, unit 4B) – Building 2

Clay tile hip trim

Sheet metal valley flashing

Sheet metal roof/wall flashing

Interlocking clay roof tiles

Broken sheet metal gutter

Fluted downspout

Flat seamed sheet lead roof covering

Sheet metal base and counter flashing

Interlocking clay roof tiles

Condition

The roof covering system appears to be in good condition with no obvious damage or deterioration to any of the roofing system components. The park’s facilities management team reports seasonal roof leaks that are likely due to ice damning.

The double wall sheet metal gutter and downspout system is in fair condition exhibiting several areas of damage, evidence of leaks, and non-traditional repairs. The park’s facilities management team reports that maintaining gutters and downspouts is a significant challenge due to snow and subsequent ice damning pushing the gutters off of the buildings.

1. Engage the services of an architect/roofing consultant to perform a thorough inspection of the existing roof covering system, gutters, and downspouts and provide recommendations for the repair of all deficiencies. The park would also like to add sheet metal flashing over the top of all gutters so that snow, snow melt, and stormwater falls directly from all roofs to the ground. This detail will be similar to that employed at Building 1, the

Albright Visitor Center.

2. Perform all repairs identified during the roof inspection, blower door test and infrared imaging to the roof covering system, gutters, and downspouts and implement the new covered gutter design. All required replacement materials shall be in kind and new materials matching the existing.

3. Engage the services of a paint analyst to determine the following of the painted wood roof overhangs:

a. The presence of lead-based paint.

b. The types and compatibility of the existing paints.

c. The color scheme, including color matching, of the period of significance as determined by the park.

4. Archive the paint samples and the results of the paint analysis in the park’s museum collections.

5. Strip all existing paint from the decorative rafter tails and roof deck. This task should not be performed until all paint testing is complete.

Non-traditional gutter repair

Sheet metal gutter

Decoratively cut exposed rafter tails

Fluted downspout

Figure 14 – South (front, unit 4B) – Building 2

6. Repair or replace in kind all decayed, damaged, missing, incompatible wood components, etc. All new wood materials shall be back primed.

7. Prepare, prime, and paint all decorative rafter tails and exposed roof deck with a permeable paint such as a traditional linseed oil based paint. All paint preparation, priming, and painting shall be performed in strict accordance with all the paint system manufacturer’s written instructions.

Porches

The north and south (front) porches bear on the same irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone faced concrete foundation wall as the principal building supporting a concrete floor.

Square rusticated stone column bases with dressed stone caps bear square wood columns. A wood framed hipped roof with decoratively cut exposed rafter tails is topped with interlocking clay roof tiles. The porch has a wood guardrail and dressed stone capped cheek walls on the outer edge of the concrete steps.

The east (side) porches bear on irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone piers supporting a wood floor framing system with a painted wood tongue and groove floor. Square wood columns support a hipped roof with decoratively cut exposed rafter tails. Its roof is topped with interlocking clay roof tiles. The porch has wood stick balustrades and wood steps.

The east (side) secondary entrances have concrete steps and landings with stick balustrades.

Figure 15 – North (front, unit 4A) – Building 2

Spalling water table

Missing down spout extension and cast iron boot

Biological growth

Typical cracking in the wall

Low area of ponding water adjacent to the roof eave and adjacent to a downspout

The north (front, unit 4A) porch is in fair condition. The dressed stone water tables and sills of the north (front) porch exhibit extensive spalling and the presence of biological growth. All of the wood features are exhibiting paint cracking, peeling, and loss. The condition of the paint is beginning to lead to decay.

The south (front, unit 4B) porch is in fair condition. The concrete steps and dressed stone features exhibit extensive spalling. All of the wood features are exhibiting paint cracking, peeling, and loss. The condition of the paint is beginning to lead to decay.

The east (side) porches are in fair to poor condition exhibiting paint cracking, peeling, and loss of their wood features. The floor framing system and the painted wood tongue and groove floor are in an advanced state of decay as exhibited by the columns subsiding into the porch’s floor structure.

Figure 16 – North (front, unit 4A) – Building 2

Figure 17 – North (front, unit 4A) – Building 2

Concrete porch floor

Severely spalling dressed stone sill

Concrete steps

Column base with peeling paint

Spalling sill

Concrete steps

Biological growth

The east (side) secondary entrances are in good condition. All of the wood features are beginning to exhibit paint cracking, peeling, and loss. The wood features will begin to decay as the condition of the paint advances.

The park’s staff reports that elk cows frequently use the raised porches as a hiding place for their newborn caves. This habit can lead to an unsafe encounter between the building’s inhabitants and the protective new mothers.

a. The presence of lead-based paint.

b. The types and compatibility of the existing paints.

c. The color scheme, including color matching, of the period of significance as determined by the park.

2. Archive the paint samples and the results of the paint analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Engage the services of an architect/structural engineer to evaluate the cracks in the stone of the north (front, unit 4A) porch and provide recommendations for the preservation of the stone. For areas where spalling occurs, consider stone repair products such as those manufactured by Cathedral Stone Products, Summit Sealants, etc. Consider turning over severely spalled sill/step stones to hide the spalled surface.

4. Engage the services of an architect/structural engineer to perform a thorough inspection of the existing floor framing system and stairs of the east (side) porches and provide recommendations for the repair of all deficiencies.

5. Engage the services of an architect to evaluate stairs, landings, handrails, and guardrails of the east (side) porches and secondary entrances for compliance with the building code and provide a design to make the stairs, landings, handrails, and guardrails comply with the minimum requirements of the building code. The design shall be informed by historic photos and drawings.

6. Implement the recommended stone repairs to the north (front, unit 4A) porch from the architect/structural engineer. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

7. Implement the recommended repairs to the east (side) porch floor framing systems. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

8. Implement the recommended code improvements to the stairs, landings, handrails, and guardrails of the east (side) porches. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

9. Strip all existing paint on all wood features and tongue and groove porch flooring (where applicable). This task should not be performed until all paint testing is complete.

10. Repair or replace in kind all decayed, damaged, missing, incompatible wood components, etc. All new wood materials shall be back primed.

11. Prepare, prime, and paint all wood features and tongue and groove porch flooring (where applicable) with a permeable paint such as a traditional linseed oil based paint. All paint preparation, priming, and painting shall be performed in strict accordance with all the paint system manufacturer’s written instructions.

12. Enclose the area below the porch floor structure (east side porches) to detour elk cows from using this space to hide their caves. Consider the use of 90 degree wood lattice, welded wire agricultural panels, etc. to enclose the area below the porch floor structure.

13. Remove the biological growth with D/2 biocide.

14. Refer to “Roof System” for roof covering treatment guidelines.

Chimneys

Building 2 has three irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone chimneys. Each chimney has a thin mortar wash on the top to repel stormwater and snow melt.

The chimneys all appear to be in good condition as viewed for the exterior. There is minor mortar loss, spalling and biological growth visible from the ground. Most of the mortar washes exhibit cracking, displacement, and loss.

Figure 18 – South (front, unit 4B) – Building 2

Figure 19 – East (side) – Building 2

Missing down spout extension and cast iron boot

Biological growth

Severely spalling concrete steps

Low area of ponding water adjacent to the roof eave and adjacent to a downspout

Interlocking clay roof tiles

Damaged sheet metal gutter

Square wood column with peeling paint

Column subsiding into the porch’s floor structure

Wood stick balustrade and steps

Sandstone pier

Restore to full operation the chimneys and fireplaces in the living room and dining room of

Building 2.

1. Engage the services of a testing laboratory to perform an analysis of the original mortar to yield a recipe for a compatible repair mortar. An analysis should be performed on the chimney mortar, the fireplace mortar, and the firebox mortar at a minimum. Color match the inside of the mortar (the outside has over 100 years of patina).

2. Archive the results of the mortar analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Engage the services of an architect and CSIA certified chimney sweep technician to conduct an inspection of all chimneys and the fireboxes, etc., of the fireplaces in the living rooms and dining rooms and provide a report with repair recommendations.

4. Perform all of the recommended repairs. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

5. Repair and repoint all areas of the stone chimneys with missing or spalled stone and missing or loose mortar. The mortar mix shall be from the recipe determined by the mortar analysis. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

6. Provide a new sloped mortar wash on the top of the chimneys serving the living room and dining room. The mortar mix shall be from the recipe determined by the mortar analysis.

7. Provide a vented precast concrete chimney cap for all inoperable chimneys. The profile of the chimney caps shall match the profile of the mortar washes of the operable chimneys.

Dormers

The west (side) dormers are clad in painted wood shingle siding with flat stock painted wood

Figure 20 – Chimneys – Building 2

Thin mortar wash

Spalled stone

Biological growth

Irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar trim and two, six over two wood double hung wood window units. Exposed wood rafters with decorative cut tails support a hipped roof topped with the same unglazed red Ludowici French style interlocking clay roof tiles as the principal building.

The northwest (front, unit 4A) and southwest (front, unit 4B) dormers are clad in painted wood shingle siding with flat stock painted wood trim and three, six over two wood double hung wood window unit. Exposed wood rafters with decorative cut tails support a hipped roof topped with the same unglazed red Ludowici French style interlocking clay roof tiles as the principal building.

The northeast (front, unit 4A) and southeast (front, unit 4B) dormers are clad in painted wood shingle siding with flat stock painted wood trim and one, six over two wood double hung wood window units. Exposed wood rafters with decorative cut tails support a hipped roof topped with the same unglazed red Ludowici French style interlocking clay roof tiles as the principal building.

All of the dormers appear to be in good condition. Their wood windows, siding, rafter tails, and roof deck are exhibiting paint cracking, peeling, and loss. The wood features will begin to decay as the condition of the paint advances.

a. The presence of lead-based paint.

b. The types and compatibility of the existing paints.

c. The color scheme, including color matching, of the period of significance as determined by the park.

2. Archive the paint samples and the results of the paint analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Strip the existing paint on all wood siding and features. This task should not be performed until all paint testing is complete.

Figure 21 – Northeast (front, unit 4B – Building 2

Unglazed red interlocking clay roof tiles

Wood rafters with decorative cut tails

Wood double hung windows

Painted wood shingle siding

4. Repair or replace in kind all decayed, damaged, missing, incompatible wood components, etc. All new wood materials shall be back primed.

5. Prepare, prime, and paint all wood siding and features with a permeable paint such as a traditional linseed oil based paint. All paint preparation, priming, and painting shall be performed in strict accordance with all the paint system manufacturer’s written instructions.

6. Refer to “Exterior Windows” for dormer window treatment guidelines.

7. Refer to “Roof System” for roof covering treatment guidelines.

END OF BUILDING 2 TREATMENT GUIDELINES

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Field Officer’s Quarters – Building 3

Field Officer’s Quarters

Common Name: Building 3

Location: Mammoth, Park County, WY

Date of Construction: 1909

Square Footage: 7,556

National Register Status: Contributing, Fort

Yellowstone NHL

Period of Significance: 1888 - 1918

FMSS Asset No: 3851

NPS Building No: HS-0003

Field Officer's Quarters (Building 3), QMG No. 145-G, 1909. This residence housed the post commander and acting superintendent of the park. Major Henry Alien, who occupied that position at the time the building was being planned, requested a larger residence similar to the commanding officer's quarters to accommodate the many visitors he hosted, but a field officer's set of architectural plans was approved with addition of a bedroom and bath in the attic.

The field officer's quarters is a two-and-a-half-story, rock-faced ashlar native sandstone building with irregular coursing and a dressed-stone water table. The house has a T-shaped plan consisting of a main wing and a rear wing. The building is located in the front row of walk facing the parade ground. The hipped roof is covered with red clay tile and has three interior stone chimneys. The roof has a central front hipped roof dormer with three double-hung windows and cheeks clad with painted wood shingles; there are also hipped dormers on the north, south, and east. Windows throughout the building are primarily six-over-six-light double-hung with wooden sashes. The windows have dressed stone lintels and sills. The front (west) of the dwelling has a central entrance and a centered projecting hipped roof porch. The porch roof is supported by four stone columns and a solid stone balustrade. (13-14)

Building 3 is currently used by the park as a single housing unit.

The site generally slopes from the high point of the building’s west (front) elevation down toward Officers Row to the west and down toward Barracks Street on the east end. The grade falls approximately 36 inches from the front to the back of the building. A gentle cross slope runs

Figure 1 – West (front) elevation - Building 3 north to south. A six-inch concrete curb and gutter and a four foot wide sidewalk run along

Officers Row and a semi-circular sidewalk extends from the road to the building. The site is fully sodded with an irrigation system and a row of cottonwood trees that run along Officers Row approximately nine feet from the street. Additionally, there are three ±30 inch caliber evergreen trees adjacent to the northwest and southwest corners of the building. All of these trees are within five feet of the building’s foundation.

The site is in good to fair condition. Much of the roof’s stormwater/snow melt drains into the building’s foundation and several low areas adjacent to the building’s foundation collect stormwater/snow melt in small ponds during these weather events. Evidence of ground burrowing rodent activity is negatively affecting the lawn and possibly the building’s foundations. The irrigation system, installed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, is beyond its service life and system replacement is due.

1. Consult with the park’s wildlife staff to discuss measures to prevent ground burrowing rodents from burrowing at building’s foundation. See appendix D.

Figure 2 – Northeast (side) corner - Building 3

Low area of ponding water adjacent to the building’s foundation and directly below a roof valley

Biological growth due to stormwater and snow melt splash

Downspout without a splash block, potential and ponding water

Figure 3 – Southwest (side) corner - Building 3

Two of the three ±30 inch caliber evergreen trees adjacent to the building’s foundation

Low area of grade sloping toward the building’s foundation

2. Engage the services of a certified arborist to evaluate the health of the evergreen trees on the northwest and southwest corners of the building and provide recommended treatments to these trees to minimize the potential damage to the building and its foundation. Consider root pruning and/or the installation of root barriers.

3. In order to ensure the preservation of the character of the setting and cultural landscape, engage the services of a landscape architect to coordinate all site improvements, including work affecting trees, sidewalks (accessibility), site-grading, rodent-proofing, etc., in order to mitigate damage to trees and minimize tree loss while protecting building.

4. Implement the recommendations of the arborist.

5. Engage the services of a landscape architect to evaluate and design improvements to reestablish positive stormwater/snow melt drainage away from the building’s foundation.

This design should include swales and/or a subsurface drainage system created to collect stormwater/snow melt and direct it downhill away from the building. Area drains, French drains, low retaining walls, etc. should also be considered to achieve positive stormwater/snow melt drainage away from the building’s foundation. See appendix “D”.

6. Implement the recommendations of the landscape architect including the site stormwater/snow melt drainage improvements.

7. Replace portions of the concrete sidewalks from Officers Row to the building that are deteriorated and/or as required due to regrading the area around the buildings.

Foundation/Basement

Building 3 rests on an irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone faced concrete foundation wall with a basement. The foundation/basement wall is capped with a dressed stone water table and punctuated by wood hopper type windows below. The basement is equipped with a radon mitigation system.

The foundation/basement wall appears to be in good condition. Several narrow cracks were observed around the building. Some of the cracks are located directly adjacent to the three trees on the northwest and southwest corners of the building.

mortar to yield a recipe for a compatible repair mortar. Color match the inside of the mortar (the outside has over 100 years of patina).

2. Archive the results of the mortar analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Engage the services of an architect/structural engineer/geological technician to evaluate the cracks in the stone faced concrete foundation/basement wall and provide recommendations for the preservation of the stone. For areas where spalling occurs, consider stone repair products such as those by Cathedral Stone Products, Summit

Sealants, etc.

4. Implement the recommendations of the architect/structural engineer/geological technician. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

5. Repair and repoint all areas of the stone foundation walls with missing or spalled stone and missing or loose mortar. The mortar mix shall be from the recipe determined by the mortar analysis. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

6. Provide splash blocks below all active downspouts to direct stormwater/snow melt drainage away from the building’s foundations.

Exterior Wall System

Building 3 is constructed of a light wood framing system with a veneer of irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone with dressed stone sills, lintels, and a second story datum.

The exterior stone veneer walls appear to be in good condition. Several narrow cracks and minor mortar loss were observed around the building. Some of the cracks located directly adjacent to the three trees on the northwest and southwest corners of the building.

Wood hopper type basement window

Typical cracking in the foundation/basement wall

Irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone

Low area of ponding water adjacent to the

Figure 4 – East (rear) - Building 3 mortar to yield a recipe for a compatible repair mortar. Color match the inside of the mortar (the outside has over 100 years of patina).

2. Archive the results of the mortar analysis in the park’s museum collections.

Dressed stone datum

Typical cracking in the wall

Dressed stone lintel

Dressed stone sill

Irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone

Dressed stone water table

Figure 5 – North (side) - Building 3

Irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone

Typical cracking in the wall

Figure 6 – Northwest (front) inside corner - Building 3

3. Engage the services of an architect/structural engineer to evaluate the cracks in the stone veneer and provide recommendations for the preservation of the stone. For areas where spalling occurs, consider stone repair products such as those manufactured by Cathedral

Stone Products, Summit Sealants, etc. Consider formalizing the cracks that run the full height of the wall into expansion joints and repairing the cracks in stones with injection grout such as those manufactured by Cathedral Stone Products. See appendix F.

4. Implement the recommendations of the architect/structural engineer. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

5. Repair and repoint all areas of the stone walls with missing or spalled stone and missing or loose mortar. The mortar mix shall be from the recipe determined by the mortar analysis. All required replacement materials shall be in kind.

6. Remove all derelict mounting hardware, fasteners, etc., from the stone wall and patch the holes with a stone grout matching the color of the surrounding stone.

The windows in Building 3 are primarily wood double hung, six over six units. The remaining are three light inward acting wood hopper type units in the basement. All windows are protected by wood storm windows.

The wood windows and storm windows appear to be in good condition and are eminently repairable.

Dressed stone lintel

Typical wood double hung six over six window unit with wood storm window

Irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone

Figure 7 – South (side) first floor - Building 3

Treatment Guidelines

1. Engage the services of a paint analyst to determine the following:

a. The presence of lead-based paint.

b. The types and compatibility of existing paints.

c. The color scheme, including color matching, of the period of significance as determined by the park.

2. Archive the paint samples and the results of the paint analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Engage the services of a hazardous materials analyst to test the glazing putty of the wood window units for the presence of asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), etc.

4. All wood windows and wood storm windows shall be rehabilitated to full operation in accordance with the attached document, “Wood Sash Window Preservation, Best Practice

Guidelines, Grand Canyon National Park (BPG).” See Appendix A.

5. Wood window units and wood storm window units that are not able to be rehabilitated according to the attached BPG, shall be replaced in kind with duplicate units of the original extant units. Full replacement of any window unit shall be reviewed in the field with park Cultural Resources staff. Decisions made during this meeting will be recorded in writing by the NPS project manager and a record copy of the decision given to the general contractor with directions on how to proceed.

The west (front) main entry doors are a pair of half glass and panel wood doors with a single light and two equal vertical raised wood panels below. The storm doors are a pair of two thirds glass and panel wood doors that are divided into three equal horizontal lights and three horizontal raised wood panels below. The transom window and its storm unit are divided into five equal lights.

The south (side) entry door is a half glass and panel wood door that is divided into two over two lights, with two equal horizontal raised wood panels below. The storm door is a two thirds glass and panel wood door that is divided into two over two lights, with three horizontal raised wood panels below. The transom window and its storm unit are divided into three equal lights.

The east (rear) entry doors are a pair of half glass and panel woods that are divided into two over two lights, with two equal horizontal raised wood panels below. The storm doors are a pair of two thirds glass and panel wood doors that are divided into three equal horizontal lights, with three horizontal raised wood panels below.

a. The presence of lead-based paint.

b. The types and compatibility of the existing paints.

c. The color scheme, including color matching, of the period of significance as determined by the park.

Figure 8 – West (front) main entry door - Building 3

Dressed stone lintel

Five light transom

Storm doors with entry doors beyond

Irregularly coursed, rusticated, ashlar sandstone

Dressed stone sill

Figure 9 – East (rear) entry door - Building 3

Dressed stone lintel

Entry door

Storm door

2. Archive the paint samples and the results of the paint analysis in the park’s museum collections.

3. Strip all existing paint on all sides of all doors, storm doors, and transoms. This task should not be performed until all paint testing is complete.

4. Repair or replace in kind all decayed, damaged, and missing components, etc. All new wood materials shall be back primed.

5. Prepare, prime, and paint all wood doors, storm doors, and transoms with a permeable paint such as a traditional linseed oil based paint. All paint preparation, priming, and painting shall be performed in strict accordance with all the paint system manufacturer’s written instructions.

6. Provide new compatible hardware in a matching finish to replace missing, damaged, The roof covering system consists of unglazed red Ludowici French style interlocking clay roof tiles with matching clay tile hip and ridge trim pieces and sheet metal or mortar flashings. The roofs’ overhangs are composed of painted decoratively cut exposed rafter tails and painted wood roof decking.

The main roof and…