Attachment 9_OEBGD Vol 5_Belgium Netherlands_Contract Renewal_24-BE-200_v2Oct24.pdf

DOD MANUAL 4715.05, VOLUME 5

OVERSEAS ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE GUIDANCE

DOCUMENT: WASTE

Originating Component: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment

Effective: June 29, 2020

Releasability: Cleared for public release. Available on the Directives Division Website at https://www.esd.whs.mil/DD/.

Approved by: W. Jordan Gillis, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment

Purpose: This manual, known as the OEBGD, is composed of multiple volumes, each addressing specific areas of environmental management such as conservation; air and toxics; water; hazardous materials, storage tanks, spills, and pesticides; and waste. In accordance with the authority in DoD Directives (DoDDs) 5134.01 and 4715.1E and the July 13, 2018 Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, and the requirements in DoD Instruction (DoDI) 4715.05:

• This manual:

o Implements policy, assigns responsibilities, and provides standards to protect human health and the environment on enduring installations under DoD control outside the United States.

o Considers and, where relevant, incorporates generally accepted federal environmental standards applicable to DoD installations, facilities, and actions in the United States, and incorporates requirements of U.S. law that have extraterritorial application to the DoD.

o Is used by DoD lead environmental components (LECs) to establish and update final governing standards (FGSs).

o Establishes baseline environmental standards for installations in countries for which an FGS is not required or has not been developed.

• This volume identifies environmental standards for installations to ensure:

o Solid waste is collected, transported, stored, and recycled or disposed of in a manner protective of human health and the environment.

o Hazardous waste is identified, stored, transported, treated, and recycled or disposed of in a manner protective of human health and the environment.

o Medical waste is handled, stored, treated, and disposed of safely.

DoDM 4715.05, Volume 5, June 29, 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION

1.1. Applicability

1.2. Policy

1.3. Information Collections

SECTION 2: RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1. Director, Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)

2.2. DoD Component Heads

2.3. Combatant Commanders

2.4. Commander, United States European Command (USEUCOM)

SECTION 3: GENERAL OEBGD GUIDANCE

3.1. Use of this Volume and FGSs

3.2. Waste Management

3.3. Effective Dates

3.4. Noncompliance Terminology

3.5. Sampling and Analytical Considerations

3.6. Recordkeeping

3.7. Related Programs

SECTION 4: SOLID WASTE

4.1. Introduction

4.2. General

4.3. Collection

4.5. Recycling

4.6. Landfills

4.7. Incineration

4.9. Alternative Technologies

SECTION 5: HAZARDOUS WASTE

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Personnel Qualifications

a. Refresher Training

b. Training Contents and Requirements

c. Documentation of Training

5.3. Hazardous Waste Determination and Characterization

5.4. Hazardous Waste Accumulation Points (HWAPs)

5.5. HWSAs

a. Location Standards

b. Design and Operation of HWSAs

c. Waste Analysis and Verification

d. Security

e. Required Aisle Space

f. Required Equipment

g. Access to Communications or Alarm System

h. General Inspection Requirements

i. Storage Practices

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3

j. Closure and Closure Plans

5.6. Use and Management of Containers

a. Container Handling and Storage

b. Management of Containers

c. Secondary Containment Systems

d. Incompatible Wastes

e. Ignitable or Reactive Waste

f. Residues of Hazardous Waste in Containers

5.7. Tank Systems

a. Assessment of Existing Tank System Integrity

b. Design and Installation of New Tank Systems or System Components

c. Containment and Detection of Releases

d. Operation and Inspection

e. Response to Leaks or Spills

f. Closure

5.8. Management of Used Oil, Batteries, Antifreeze, and Wipes

a. Used Oil Burned for Energy Recovery

b. Prohibitions on Dust Suppression or Road Treatment

c. Disposal of Batteries

d. Disposal of Antifreeze

e. Management of Used Wipes

5.9. Hazardous Waste Disposal

a. Disposal Through DLA Disposition Services

b. Disposal Location

c. Disposal Procedures

d. Incinerators

e. Treatment

f. Treatment at the Point of Generation

5.10. Spill Prevention and Response Plan

5.11. Recordkeeping Requirements

a. HWSAs

b. HWAPs

c. Records

APPENDIX 5A: CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES AND LISTS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

5A.1. Characteristics of Hazardous Wastes

a. Ignitability

b. Corrosivity

c. Reactivity

d. Toxicity

5A.2. Lists of Hazardous Wastes

a. General

b. Hazardous Wastes from Nonspecific Sources

c. Hazardous Waste from Specific Sources

TABLE OF CONTENTS 4

d. Discarded Commercial Chemical Products, Off-Specification Species, Container Residues, and Spill Residue

SECTION 6: MEDICAL WASTE

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Training

6.3. Generation

6.4. Handling within the Facility

6.5. Storage

6.6. Treatment and Disposal

6.7. Contingency Planning

6.8. Spills

6.9. Recordkeeping

GLOSSARY

G.1. Acronyms G.2. Definitions

REFERENCES

TABLES

Table 1. Sewage Sludge Pollutant for Land Application Table 2. Maximum Concentration of Contaminants for the Toxicity Characteristic Table 3. List of Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Substances Table 4. Hazard Codes Table 5. Listed Hazardous Wastes from Nonspecific Sources Table 6. Maximum Concentration of Contaminants for Non-Wastewater Table 7. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Infectious Medical Waste

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION 5

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION

1.1. APPLICABILITY.

This volume:

a. Applies to:

(1) OSD, the Military Departments, the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, the DoD Field Activities, and all other organizational entities within the DoD (referred to collectively in this issuance as the “DoD Components”).

(2) Actions of the DoD Components on installations, as defined in DoDI 4715.05, under DoD control outside the United States.

(3) Support functions for U.S. military vessels, ships, aircraft, and space vehicles provided by the DoD Components, including management and disposal of off-loaded waste or hazardous materials.

b. Does not apply to:

(1) U.S. military vessels, ships, aircraft, or space vehicles.

(2) Off-installation training.

(3) Contingency locations, which are addressed in DoDI 4715.22.

(4) Facilities and activities associated with the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, in accordance with Executive Order (E.O.) 12344 and conducted pursuant to Section 7158 of Title 42, United States Code.

(5) Actions to remediate environmental contamination, which are addressed in DoDI 4715.08.

(6) Environmental analyses conducted in accordance with E.O. 12114.

(7) DoD installations that do not have the potential to affect the natural environment (e.g., activities that are primarily administrative) or where, in consultation with the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment, the geographic Combatant Commander has determined that no significant force health protection or environmental threats exist.

(8) Activities, systems, operations, and areas where DoD has no authority or responsibility including Cooperative Security Locations.

SECTION 1: GENERAL ISSUANCE INFORMATION 6

c. Does not create any rights or obligations enforceable against the United States, DoD, or any of its components, nor does it create any standard of care or practice for individuals.

Although this manual refers to other DoDDs, DoDIs, and DoD manuals (DoDMs), it is intended only to coordinate the requirements of those issuances as required to implement the policies in DoDI 4715.05. This manual does not change other DoDDs, DoDIs, or DoDMs or alter DoD policies. Conflicts, issues, or concerns related to the country-specific FGS or this manual should be presented to the LEC or the Combatant Commander, as appropriate.

1.2. POLICY.

In accordance with the policy in DoDI 4715.05, the DoD:

a. Manages and applies installation assets to sustain the DoD national defense mission; uses environmental, safety, and occupational health management systems in mission planning and execution across all military operations and activities; and ensures all organizations plan, program, and budget to manage the environmental, safety, and occupational health risks that their activities generate in accordance with DoDD 4715.1E.

b. Establishes, maintains, and complies with the FGSs to protect human health and the environment for those foreign countries identified by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment. The FGSs will reconcile the requirements of applicable international agreements and applicable host-nation (HN) environmental standards with E.O.

12088 and this manual.

c. Ensures that DoD waste generated on installations outside the United States—that is considered hazardous under this manual or the FGS—will not be disposed of in the HN without an agreement as described in Section 5 of Enclosure 3 of DoDI 4715.05.

1.3. INFORMATION COLLECTIONS.

DD Form 1348-1A, “Issue Release/Receipt Document,” and DD Form 1348-2, “Issue Release/Receipt Document with Address Label,” referred to in Paragraph 5.9.c.(3), do not require licensing with a report control symbol in accordance with Enclosure 3, Paragraph 1.b.(7) of Volume 1 of DoDM 8910.01.

SECTION 2: RESPONSIBILITIES 7

SECTION 2: RESPONSIBILITIES

2.1. DIRECTOR, DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY (DLA).

In addition to the responsibilities in Paragraph 2.4., and under the authority, direction, and control of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment through the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Materiel Readiness, the Director, DLA, participates in the process to determine whether DoD-generated hazardous waste may be disposed of in a foreign nation in accordance with Section 5 of Enclosure 3 of DoDI 4715.05 and Section 5 of this volume.

2.2. DOD COMPONENT HEADS.

The DoD Component heads:

a. Implement the procedures in this volume when no FGS applies.

b. Plan, program, and budget to meet the standards contained in this volume.

2.3. COMBATANT COMMANDERS.

In addition to the responsibilities in Paragraph 2.2., and through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant Commanders:

a. Provide general oversight and coordination with the DoD LECs, as necessary, to carry out their missions in accordance with this volume.

b. Adjudicate requests for exceptions to the requirements of this volume in accordance with DoDI 4715.05, when the Military Department requesting the exception is also the DoD LEC.

When the Combatant Commander is the DoD LEC and requests an exception, the request is elevated to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment for adjudication.

2.4. COMMANDER, UNITED STATES EUROPEAN COMMAND (USEUCOM).

The Commander, USEUCOM, is designated as the DoD Theater Environmental Coordinator for Europe due to the unique construct and influence of the European Union. In addition to the responsibilities in Paragraphs 2.2. and 2.3., the Commander, USEUCOM, oversees the consistent application of this volume at installations within the European Union and geographically located within the USEUCOM area of responsibility. Additional guidance is provided in Enclosure 4 of DoDI 4715.05.

SECTION 3: GENERAL OEBGD GUIDANCE 8

SECTION 3: GENERAL OEBGD GUIDANCE

3.1. USE OF THIS VOLUME AND FGSs.

DoD LECs use this volume to conduct the comparative analysis of waste required to develop each country-specific FGS. The comparative analysis considers HN environmental standards, international agreements, and the standards found in this volume, with the more protective standard being used to establish the FGS. The FGSs ensure consistent application of environmental standards for all installations operated by DoD Components within an HN.

Compliance with the standards of this volume is achieved by complying with the current FGSs, since the standards of this volume are reflected in the FGSs. In cases where updates or revisions to this volume have not yet been considered and incorporated into an FGS, installations must comply with the more protective standard, whether it is found in this volume or the FGS.

a. For DoD Components on DoD installations in foreign countries for which FGSs are not required, or have yet to be established, installations must comply with applicable international agreements, applicable HN environmental standards pursuant to Section 1-801 of E.O. 12088, and this volume. In cases of conflicting requirements, the DoD Components will normally comply with the standard that is more protective of human health and the environment.

b. DoD Components will consult with the DoD LEC or, if no DoD LEC is designated, with the applicable Combatant Commander on actions that could seriously affect mission, involve a substantial commitment of funds, or set a precedent.

3.2. WASTE MANAGEMENT.

This volume contains standards for the management of solid, hazardous, and medical waste generated on DoD installations outside the United States. These standards apply to all facilities, tenants, operations, and activities under DoD control on the installation.

3.3. EFFECTIVE DATES.

Standards identified in this manual are effective immediately upon publication. Installations and DoD Components must plan, program, and budget in accordance with Section 6 of Enclosure 3 of DoDI 4715.05.

3.4. NONCOMPLIANCE TERMINOLOGY.

Terms such as “noncompliance,” “out of compliance,” “violation,” “exceedance,” “nonconformity,” and “nonconformance” are used synonymously to describe the condition of failing to meet a standard or a specific limit or value within a standard in this manual.

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SECTION 3: GENERAL OEBGD GUIDANCE 9

3.5. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS.

a. In many cases, standards of this manual are based on specific monitoring, sampling, and analytical methods that must be considered when determining compliance or comparing with HN standards.

b. Laboratory analyses necessary to implement the FGS or this volume must normally be conducted in a laboratory that has been certified by a U.S. or HN regulatory authority, or accredited through the DoD Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program, for the applicable test method and follows required quality assurance and quality control protocol. In the absence of a certified laboratory, analyses may also be conducted at a laboratory that has an established reliable record of quality assurance compliance with standards for the applicable test method that are generally recognized by appropriate industry or scientific organizations.

c. Field sample and data collection must be conducted by personnel with demonstrated experience in the applicable test method and sampling. All procedures used for testing, quality assurance, and reporting of results should be those commonly accepted in the field of air pollution control.

3.6. RECORDKEEPING.

All records generated while implementing the standards in this manual must be maintained by installations in accordance with the FGS, this manual, DoDI 5015.02, and DoD Component policies.

3.7. RELATED PROGRAMS.

Additional guidance about related programs and initiatives that may apply outside the United States is included in other DoD policies and issuances.

a. Pollution prevention is addressed in DoDD 4715.1E and DoDIs 4715.23 and 4150.07.

b. Sustainable procurement is addressed in DoDI 4105.72.

c. Hazard communication is addressed in DoDI 6050.05.

d. Safety and occupational health is addressed in DoDIs 6055.01 and 6055.05.

SECTION 4: SOLID WASTE 10

SECTION 4: SOLID WASTE

4.1. INTRODUCTION.

This section contains standards on solid wastes so they are collected, transported, stored, and recycled or disposed of in a manner protective of human health and the environment. These integrated waste management standards:

a. Apply to institutional, residential, commercial, and industrial solid waste generated at the installation.

b. Address general solid waste not otherwise classified or specially managed. Standards for hazardous and medical waste are provided in Sections 5 and 6. Standards for disposal of asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are provided in Sections 5 and 7 of Volume 2.

4.2. GENERAL.

a. DoD solid wastes must be collected, stored, and recycled in a manner that is protective of human health and the environment and consistent with Paragraphs 4.3., 4.4., and 4.5.

b. DoD solid wastes must be treated or disposed of at facilities that meet the requirements for landfills in Paragraph 4.6., incinerators in Paragraph 4.7., or sludge land application in Paragraph 4.8., as appropriate.

c. The disposal of solid waste in landfills that do not meet the standards of Paragraph 4.6.

constitutes open dumping and is prohibited.

d. Except as provided in Paragraph 4.6.c.(5), open burning of solid waste is prohibited.

e. Personnel performing solid waste management activities should be trained in accordance with assigned responsibilities.

f. Installations must maintain records associated with the design, operation, and maintenance of solid waste management facilities, as appropriate.

4.3. COLLECTION.

Installations must:

a. Ensure all vehicles used for the collection and transportation of solid waste are enclosed or have adequate provisions so there is no spillage when vehicles are in transit.

b. Collect solid waste frequently enough to inhibit the propagation or attraction of vectors and pests. At a minimum, collect solid waste containing food waste weekly. In some climates, it

SECTION 4: SOLID WASTE 11

may be necessary to collect waste more often to inhibit the propagation or attraction of vectors and pests.

Installations must:

a. At a minimum, store bulky wastes by removing all doors from large household appliances and covering the items. Such practices are necessary to reduce the attractive nuisance (i.e., hazard to children) and the accumulation of solid waste and water in and around the bulky items.

Refer to Section 4 for solid waste management requirements associated with municipal waste combustor units.

(1) Screen bulky wastes for the presence of ozone-depleting substances in accordance with Section 4 of Volume 2 or hazardous constituents in accordance with Section 5 of this volume.

(2) Segregate and dispose of readily detachable or removable hazardous waste in accordance with Section 5 of this volume, or asbestos and PCBs in accordance with Sections 5 and 7 of Volume 2.

b. Design all buildings or other facilities that are constructed, modified, or leased after the effective date of this manual to:

(1) Provide adequate storage to accommodate the anticipated volume of solid waste and recyclables.

(2) Ensure storage areas are easily cleaned and maintained and allow for safe, efficient collection.

c. Securely store solid waste that contains food waste in containers that:

(1) Are leak-proof, waterproof, and vermin-proof, including sides, seams, and bottoms.

(2) Are durable enough to withstand anticipated use and environmental conditions without rusting, cracking, or deforming in a manner that impairs serviceability.

(3) Have functional lids.

d. Store containers on a firm, level, well-drained surface that is large enough to accommodate all of the containers and is maintained in a clean, spillage-free condition.

4.5. RECYCLING.

Installations must:

a. Recycle:

(1) Office paper if there are more than 100 office workers.

SECTION 4: SOLID WASTE 12

(2) Cardboard if more than 10 tons are generated per month.

(3) Newspapers if more than 500 families reside on the installation.

b. Store all solid wastes or materials that have been separated for recycling so they:

(1) Do not create a fire, health, or safety hazard.

(2) Do not provide food or harborage for vectors and pests.

(3) Are contained or bundled to avoid spillage.

c. If implementing a qualified recycling program, institute it in accordance with DoDI 4715.23.

4.6. LANDFILLS.

Installations must comply with these standards for the expansion and construction of new landfill units and the operation of existing and new landfills. Landfills failing to satisfy these standards constitute open dumps, which are prohibited. Landfills on DoD installations must meet all of the requirements of this paragraph. Installations disposing of solid waste at HN landfills must ensure the landfills comply with the requirements of Paragraph 4.6.c. If the landfill complies with the standards of this paragraph, sewage sludge may be disposed of in a municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF). Installations must:

a. Not initiate new landfill units or expand existing waste landfill units without consulting with the LEC and the Combatant Commander who has responsibility for the area where the landfill would be located. New construction or expansion is only permissible after the installation commander provides sufficient justification to the responsible LEC or Combatant Commander that no suitable alternative exists.

b. Design and operate new DoD MSWLF units that incorporate these factors:

(1) Location restrictions regarding airport safety (e.g., bird hazards), floodplains, wetlands, aquifers, seismic zones, and unstable areas.

(2) Procedures for excluding hazardous waste.

(3) Cover material standards (e.g., daily cover), disease vector control, explosive gas control, air quality standards (e.g., no open burning), access requirements, liquids restrictions, and recordkeeping requirements.

(4) An inspection program.

(5) A liner and leachate collection system designed and installed consistent with Unified Facilities Criteria 3-240-10A and in consideration of the location to prevent groundwater contamination that would adversely affect human health.

SECTION 4: SOLID WASTE 13

(a) Liners must consist of a minimum 30-mils [0.762-millimeter] flexible membrane liner and at least a 0.6-meter [2-foot] layer of compacted soil with a hydraulic conductivity of no more than 1 x 10-7 centimeters (cm) per second [3.94 x 10-8 inches per second]. Liner components consisting of high-density polyethylene must be at least 60-mils [1.524-millimeter] thick.

(b) Leachate collection systems must be designed and constructed to maintain less than 30-cm [11.8-inch] depth of leachate over the liner.

(6) A groundwater monitoring system unless the installation operating the landfill, after consultation with the LEC, determines that there is no reasonable potential for migration of hazardous constituents from the MSWLF to the uppermost aquifer during the active life of the facility and the post-closure care period.

(7) A written closure plan that is kept as part of the installation’s permanent records, with a minimum period of 5 years post-closure period. The plan must include, at a minimum:

(a) Monitoring and maintenance activities required to ensure the integrity of the final cover.

(b) Planned uses of the site during the post-closure period.

(c) Plans for continuing (during the post-closure period) leachate collection, groundwater monitoring, and methane monitoring.

(d) A survey plot showing the exact site location.

c. When operating MSWLF units:

(1) Use standard landfilling techniques of spreading and compacting solid wastes and placing daily cover over disposed solid waste at the end of each operating day to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging.

(2) Establish standards for unacceptable wastes based on site-specific factors, such as hydrology, chemical and biological characteristics of the waste, available alternative disposal methods, environmental and health effects, and the safety of personnel.

(3) Implement a program to detect and prevent the disposal of hazardous wastes, infectious medical wastes, PCBs, and wastes determined unsuitable for the specific MSWLF unit.

(4) Investigate options for composting municipal solid waste (MSW) as an alternative to landfilling or treatment before landfilling.

(5) Prohibit open burning, except for infrequent burning of agricultural wastes, silvicultural wastes, land-clearing debris, diseased trees, or debris from emergency cleanup operations.

SECTION 4: SOLID WASTE 14

(6) Develop procedures to divert recyclables, yard waste, and construction and demolition debris from MSWLF units to the maximum extent possible (e.g., composting, recycling).

(7) Operate the MSWLF unit in a manner to protect the health and safety of personnel associated with the operation.

(8) Maintain conditions that are unfavorable for the harboring, feeding, and breeding of disease vectors.

(9) Ensure that methane gas generated by the MSWLF unit does not exceed 25 percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in structures on or near the MSWLF.

(10) Operate in an aesthetically acceptable manner.

(11) Operate in a manner to protect aquifers.

(12) Control public access to landfill facilities to prevent illegal dumping of waste and scavenging.

(13) If possible, prohibit the disposal of bulk or noncontainerized liquids.

(14) Maintain records of MSWLF operations specified in Paragraphs 4.6.c.(1) through 4.6.c.(13).

d. During closure and post-closure:

(1) Install a final cover system that is designed to minimize infiltration and erosion.

(2) Ensure the infiltration layer is composed of a minimum of 46 cm [18 inches] of earthen material, geotextiles, or a combination of the two, with a permeability:

(a) Less than or equal to the permeability of any bottom liner system or natural subsoil present, or

(b) No greater than 5 x 10-5 cm per second [1.97 x 10-5 inch per second], whichever is less.

(3) Ensure the final layer consists of a minimum of 21 cm [8 inches] of earthen material that is capable of sustaining native plant growth.

(4) If possible, revegetate the final cap with native plants that are compatible with the landfill design, including the liner.

4.7. INCINERATION.

a. Installations operating incinerators must meet the air quality requirements in Section 4 of Volume 2.

SECTION 4: SOLID WASTE 15

b. Installations operating MSW incinerators processing, or designed to process, more than 50 tons per day aggregate must also:

(1) Establish standards for acceptable and unacceptable wastes based on facility capability, chemical and biological characteristics of the waste, environmental and health effects, and personnel safety.

(2) Treat all waters discharged from the facility to meet the more protective of applicable water quality standards. See Section 5 of Volume 3 for wastewater and stormwater standards.

(3) Maintain conditions that are unfavorable for the harboring, feeding, and breeding of disease vectors.

(4) Operate in an aesthetically acceptable manner (e.g., perform routine housekeeping and regularly remove waste that cannot be processed by the facility).

(5) Characterize and dispose of residue and other solid waste resulting from incineration in an environmentally acceptable manner. See Section 5 for waste characterization and hazardous waste management standards.

c. Sewage sludge may be incinerated in an MSW incinerator if the incinerator accepts sewage sludge and has appropriate storage for the sludge while it awaits processing.

4.8. LAND APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE.

Installations must comply with the following requirements for land application of sewage sludge.

a. Landfilling, incineration, and land application are acceptable methods of disposal of sewage sludge. Sewage sludge that is landfilled or incinerated must meet the requirements in Paragraph 4.6. or 4.7, respectively.

b. Sewage sludge that has been properly treated and processed becomes biosolids, and can be applied to the land for beneficial reuse to either condition the soil or fertilize crops or other vegetation grown in the soil. Biosolids must meet pollutant limits, pathogen reduction requirements, and vector attraction reduction requirements before land application.

(1) Ensure biosolids applied to the land meet:

(a) The ceiling concentration for the pollutants shown in Table 1.

SECTION 4: SOLID WASTE 16

Table 1. Sewage Sludge Pollutant for Land Application

POLLUTANT

CEILING

CONCENTRATION

(mg/kg)*

CUMULATIVE

POLLUTANT

LOADING RATE

(kg/hectare)

MONTHLY

AVERAGE

CONCENTRATION

(mg/kg)*

ANNUAL

POLLUTANT

LOADING

RATE

(kg/hectare/ 365-day period)

Arsenic 75 41 41 2.0 Cadmium 85 39 39 1.9 Copper 4,300 1,500 1,500 75 Lead 840 300 300 15

Mercury 57 17 17 0.85 Molybdenum 75

Nickel 420 420 420 21 Selenium 100 100 100 5.0

Zinc 7,500 2,800 2,800 140 mg = milligram, kg = kilogram

* Dry weight basis.

(b) Either the cumulative pollutant loading rate, monthly average concentration, or annual loading rate.

4.9. ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES.

Alternative technologies and methods of treatment and disposal of solid waste must be protective of human health and the environment and meet the requirements of this volume, as appropriate.

SECTION 5: HAZARDOUS WASTE 17

SECTION 5: HAZARDOUS WASTE

5.1. INTRODUCTION.

This section contains standards on all hazardous waste generated so it is identified, characterized, stored, transported, treated, and recycled or disposed of in a manner protective of human health and the environment. It covers wastes that exhibit one or more characteristics of hazardous waste (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) or which are listed hazardous wastes. It does not cover:

a. Ammunition and explosives, which are covered in Defense Explosives Safety Regulation 6055.09.

b. Radioactive materials, which are covered in DoDI 4715.27.

5.2. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS.

Installations must ensure that personnel and their supervisors who are assigned duties involving actual or potential exposure to hazardous waste successfully complete an appropriate training program before assuming those duties. Personnel assigned to such duties must work under direct supervision until they have completed appropriate training.

a. Refresher Training.

All personnel performing hazardous waste duties must successfully complete annual refresher hazardous waste training.

b. Training Contents and Requirements.

The training program must:

(1) Include sufficient information to enable personnel to perform their assigned duties and fully comply with pertinent hazardous waste requirements.

(2) Be conducted by qualified personnel who have completed a training program in the subject, have comparable academic credentials, or possess relevant experience.

(3) Be designed to ensure that facility personnel are able to respond effectively to emergencies by familiarizing them with emergency procedures, emergency equipment, and emergency systems.

(4) Address the following areas, in particular for personnel whose duties include hazardous waste handling and management:

(a) Emergency procedures (response to fire, explosion, and spills; use of communications and alarm systems; body and equipment decontamination).

SECTION 5: HAZARDOUS WASTE 18

(b) Drum and container handling and storage (including waste compatibility and segregation requirements); safe use of hazardous waste equipment; proper sampling procedures.

(c) Employee protection, including personal protective equipment, safety and health hazards, hazard communication, and worker exposure.

(d) Recordkeeping, security, inspections, spill prevention and response plans, storage requirements, and transportation requirements.

c. Documentation of Training.

Installations must document all hazardous waste training for each individual assigned duties involving actual or potential exposure to hazardous waste. Updated training records must be kept by the responsible facility manager or installation office and retained for at least 3 years after termination of duty of these personnel.

5.3. HAZARDOUS WASTE DETERMINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION.

Generators must:

a. Identify and characterize the solid wastes generated at their site using their knowledge of the materials and processes that generated the waste, or through laboratory analysis of the waste.

b. Identify inherent hazardous characteristics associated with a solid waste in terms of physical properties (e.g., solid, liquid, contained gases), chemical properties (e.g., chemical constituents, technical or chemical name), or other descriptive properties (e.g., ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic). The properties defining the characteristics should be measurable by standardized and available testing protocols. A hazardous waste or any mixture of a solid waste and a hazardous waste that is listed solely because it exhibits one or more characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, or reactivity, is not a hazardous waste if the waste no longer exhibits any characteristic of hazardous waste. See Appendix 5A and Tables 2 through 6 for characteristics of hazardous wastes and lists of hazardous wastes.

c. Prepare and maintain a Hazardous Waste Profile Sheet (HWPS) to identify each hazardous waste stream. The HWPS must be updated by the generator, as necessary, to reflect any new waste streams or process modifications that change the character of the hazardous waste being generated.

d. Use a unique (generator specific) identification number for all recordkeeping, reports, and manifests for hazardous waste.

5.4. HAZARDOUS WASTE ACCUMULATION POINTS (HWAPS).

Installations must ensure that HWAPs comply with the following standards.

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a. An HWAP must be at or near the point of generation and under the control of the operator.

b. Each HWAP must be designed and operated to provide appropriate segregation for different waste streams, including those that are chemically incompatible. Each HWAP must have warning signs appropriate for the waste being accumulated at that site. Each HWAP container must be labelled as hazardous waste or with an indication of the hazards of the contents (e.g., hazardous waste characteristic, hazard statement, chemical hazard label).

c. An HWAP may accumulate no more than the equivalent of a 208-liter [55-gallon] drum of hazardous waste, or a 1-liter [1-quart] container of acute hazardous waste, from each waste stream, at or near the point of generation. When these limits have been reached, the generator has 5 working days to move the hazardous waste to a hazardous waste storage area (HWSA) or ship it off-site for treatment or disposal. Wastes designated to be recycled or used for energy recovery (e.g., used oil or antifreeze), in accordance with the installation’s hazardous waste management program, are exempt from the 208-liter [55-gallon] and 1-liter [1-quart] volume accumulation limits, but must be transported off-site to a final destination facility within 1 year of first accumulation start date.

d. Installations must have procedures in place to deal with unknown wastes.

e. All standards for use and management of containers in Paragraph 5.6. apply to HWAPs with the exception of weekly inspections in Paragraph 5.6.b.(5).

f. The recordkeeping requirements for turn-in documents, manifests, and waste analysis and characterization records in Paragraphs 5.11.c.(1), 5.11.c.(4), and 5.11.c.(5) apply to HWAPs.

5.5. HWSAS.

Installations must ensure that HWSAs comply with the following standards.

a. Location Standards.

To the maximum extent possible, all HWSAs must be located to minimize the risk of release due to seismic activity, floods, or other natural events. For facilities located where they may face such risks, the installation spill prevention and response plan must address the risk.

b. Design and Operation of HWSAs.

HWSAs must be designed, constructed, maintained, and operated to minimize the possibility of fire, explosion, or any unplanned release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil, groundwater or surface water that could threaten human health or the environment.

Hazardous waste must not be stored longer than 1 year in an HWSA. Installations generating more than 1,000 kg [2,204 pounds] per month of hazardous waste, or 1 kg [2.2 pounds] per month of acute hazardous waste, should remove waste within 90 days.

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c. Waste Analysis and Verification.

(1) Waste Analysis Plan.

The HWSA manager, in conjunction with the generator(s) served, will develop a plan to determine how and when wastes are to be analyzed. The waste analysis plan will include procedures for characterization and verification testing. The plan must include parameters for testing and the rationale for choosing them, frequency of analysis, test methods, and sampling methods.

(2) Waste Analysis Records.

The HWSA must have, and keep on file, an HWPS for each waste stream that is stored at that HWSA.

(3) Waste Verification.

Generating activities will provide identification of incoming waste on the HWPS to the HWSA manager. Before accepting the waste, the HWSA manager will:

(a) Inspect the waste to ensure it matches the description provided.

(b) Ensure that no waste is accepted for storage unless an HWPS is provided, or is available and properly referenced.

(c) Request a new HWPS from the generator if there is reason to believe that the process generating the waste has changed.

(d) Analyze waste shipments in accordance with the waste analysis plan to determine whether it matches the waste description on the accompanying manifest or other documentation.

(e) Reject wastes that do not match the accompanying waste descriptions unless the generator provides an accurate description.

(4) Waste Identification.

HWSA managers should have an appropriate plan in place for the acceptance or identification of unknown waste.

d. Security.

(1) General.

The installation must prevent the accidental entry, and minimize the possibility for unauthorized entry, of persons or livestock onto the HWSA grounds.

(2) Security System Design.

An acceptable security system for an HWSA consists of either:

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(a) A 24-hour surveillance system (e.g., television monitoring or surveillance by guards or other designated personnel) that continuously monitors and controls entry into the HWSA; or

(b) An artificial or natural barrier (e.g., a fence in good repair or a fence combined with a cliff) that completely surrounds the HWSA, combined with a means to control entrance at all times (e.g., an attendant, television monitors, locked gate, or controlled roadway access).

(3) Required Signs.

A sign with the legend “Danger: Unauthorized Personnel Keep Out,” must be posted at each entrance to the HWSA, and at other locations, in sufficient numbers to be seen from any approach to the HWSA. The legend must be written in English and the predominant language of the HN, and must be legible from a distance of at least 7.62 meters [25 feet]. Existing signs with a legend other than “Danger: Unauthorized Personnel Keep Out,” may be used if the legend on the sign indicates that only authorized personnel are allowed to enter the HWSA, and that entry can be dangerous.

e. Required Aisle Space.

Aisle space must allow for unobstructed movement of personnel, fire protection equipment, spill control equipment, and decontamination equipment to any area of facility operation during an emergency. Containers must not obstruct an exit.

f. Required Equipment.

(1) All HWSAs must be equipped with the following:

(a) An internal communications or alarm system capable of providing immediate emergency instruction (voice or signal) to HWSA personnel.

(b) A device, such as an intrinsically safe telephone (immediately available at the scene of operations), a hand-held two-way radio, or mobile telephone capable of summoning emergency assistance from installation security, fire departments, or emergency response teams.

(c) Portable fire extinguishers, fire control equipment appropriate to the material in storage (including special extinguishing equipment, as needed, such as that using foam, inert gas, or dry chemicals), spill control equipment, and decontamination equipment.

(d) Water at adequate volume and pressure to supply water hose streams, foam-producing equipment, automatic sprinklers, or water spray systems.

(e) Readily available personal protective equipment appropriate to the materials stored, and eyewash and shower facilities.

(2) Communications alarm systems, fire protection equipment, spill control equipment, and decontamination equipment, where required, must be maintained to ensure its proper operation in time of emergency.

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g. Access to Communications or Alarm System.

(1) Whenever hazardous waste is being poured, mixed, or otherwise handled, all personnel involved in the operation must have immediate access to an internal alarm or emergency communication device, either directly or through visual or voice contact with another person.

(2) If there is only one person on duty at the HWSA premises, that person must have immediate access to a device, such as a telephone (immediately available at the scene of operation) or a hand-held two-way radio, capable of summoning external emergency assistance.

h. General Inspection Requirements.

(1) General.

Installations must inspect the HWSAs for malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors, and discharges that may be causing, or may lead to, a release of hazardous waste constituents to the environment or threat to human health.

(2) Types of Equipment Covered.

Inspections must include all equipment and areas that are involved in the storage and handling of hazardous waste and are important to preventing, detecting, or responding to environmental or human health hazards. This includes all containers and areas with containers, tank systems and associated piping, and all monitoring equipment, safety and emergency equipment, security devices, and operating and structural equipment (such as dikes and sump pumps).

(3) Inspection Schedule.

Inspections must be conducted according to a written schedule that is kept at the HWSA.

The schedule must identify the types of problems (e.g., malfunctions or deterioration) that are to be looked for during the inspection (e.g., inoperative sump pump, leaking fitting, or eroding dike).

(4) Frequency of Inspections.

Minimum frequencies for inspecting containers and container storage areas are found in Paragraph 5.6.b.(5). Minimum frequencies for inspecting tank systems are found in Paragraph 5.7.d.(2). For equipment not covered by those sections, inspection frequency should be based on the rate of possible deterioration of the equipment and probability of an environmental or human health incident if the deterioration or malfunction or any operator error goes undetected between inspections. Areas subject to spills, such as loading and unloading areas, must be inspected daily when in use.

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(5) Remedy of Problems Revealed by Inspection.

If an inspection reveals any deterioration or malfunction of equipment or structures, the installation must remedy that deficiency in a timely manner to prevent an environmental or human health hazard. Where a hazard is imminent or has already occurred, action must be taken immediately.

(6) Maintenance of Inspection Records.

The installation must record inspections in an inspection log or summary and keep the records for at least 3 years from the date of inspection. At a minimum, these records must include the date and time of inspection, the name of the inspector, a notation of the observations made, and the date and nature of any repairs or other remedial actions.

i. Storage Practices.

(1) Incompatible Wastes.

Ignitable, reactive, or incompatible wastes must be stored so that they do not threaten human health or the environment. Dangers resulting from improper storage of incompatible wastes include generation of extreme heat, fire, explosion, and generation of toxic gases.

(2) Ignitable or Reactive Wastes.

The HWSA manager must take precautions to prevent accidental ignition or reaction of ignitable or reactive waste.

(a) This waste must be separated and protected from sources of ignition or reaction including, but not limited to, open flames, smoking, cutting and welding, hot surfaces, frictional heat, sparks (static, electrical, or mechanical), spontaneous ignition (e.g., from heat-producing chemical reactions), and radiant heat.

(b) While ignitable or reactive waste is being handled, the HWSA personnel must confine smoking and open flame to specially designated locations. “No Smoking” signs, or signs with the appropriate “No Smoking” icon, must be conspicuously placed wherever there is a hazard from ignitable or reactive waste. In areas where access by non-English speaking persons is expected, the “No Smoking” legend must be written in English and the predominant language of the HN.

(c) Water reactive waste cannot be stored in the same area as flammable and combustible liquid.

j. Closure and Closure Plans.

(1) Closure Plan.

Installations must prepare closure plans for all new and existing HWSAs. Closure plans for a new HWSA must be developed before the HWSA is opened. The closure plan will be

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implemented concurrent with the decision to close the HWSA. The closure plan must include estimates of the storage capacity of the hazardous waste, steps to be taken to remove or decontaminate all waste residues, and an estimate of the expected date for closure.

(2) Closure.

When the decision is made to close an HWSA, the closure plan must be implemented.

Closure should be done:

(a) In a manner that eliminates or minimizes the need for future maintenance or the potential for future releases of hazardous waste.

(b) According to the closure plan, including removal of all hazardous waste and hazardous waste residues from the containment system, including remaining containers, liners, and bases.

5.6. USE AND MANAGEMENT OF CONTAINERS.

Installations must ensure that hazardous waste containers comply with the following standards.

a. Container Handling and Storage.

(1) Containers holding hazardous waste must be in good condition, free from severe rusting, bulging, or structural defects.

(2) Containers used to store hazardous waste, including overpack containers, must be compatible with the materials stored.

b. Management of Containers.

(1) Containers holding hazardous waste must always be closed during storage, except when it is necessary to add or remove waste.

(2) Containers holding hazardous waste must not be opened, handled, or stored in a manner that may rupture the container or cause it to leak.

(3) Containers of flammable liquids must be grounded when transferring flammable liquids from one container to the other.

(4) Containers holding hazardous waste must be marked with a hazardous waste marking.

(5) HWSAs where containers are stored must be inspected weekly for leaking and deteriorating containers as well as deterioration of the containment system caused by corrosion or other factors. Secondary containment systems must be inspected for defects and emptied of accumulated releases or retained stormwater.

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c. Secondary Containment Systems.

HWAPs and HWSAs with containers must have a secondary containment system that meets the following standards:

(1) Must be sufficiently impervious to contain leaks, spills, and accumulated precipitation until the collected material is detected and removed.

(2) Must have sufficient capacity to contain 10 percent of the volume of stored containers or the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater.

(3) HWAPs and HWSAs with containers holding only wastes that do not contain free liquids do not need to have a containment system as described in Paragraphs 5.6.c.(1) and 5.6.c.(2) provided:

(a) The area is sloped or is otherwise designed and operated to drain and remove liquid resulting from precipitation; or

(b) The containers are elevated or are otherwise protected from contact with accumulated liquid.

(4) Spilled or leaked waste and accumulated precipitation must be removed from the sump or collection area in as timely a manner as is necessary to prevent overflow of the collection system. Stormwater captured in secondary containment areas should be inspected or tested before release. The inspection or testing must be reasonably capable of detecting contamination by the hazardous waste in the containers. Contaminated water must be treated as hazardous waste until determined otherwise.

d. Incompatible Wastes.

(1) Incompatible wastes and materials must not be placed in the same container.

(2) Hazardous waste must not be placed in an unwashed container that previously held an incompatible waste or material.

(3) A storage container holding hazardous waste that is incompatible with any waste or other materials stored nearby in other containers, piles, open tanks, or surface impoundments, must be separated from the other materials or protected from them by means of a dike, berm, wall, or other device.

e. Ignitable or Reactive Waste.

Areas that store containers holding ignitable or reactive waste must be located at least 15 meters [50 feet] inside the installation's boundary.

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f. Residues of Hazardous Waste in Containers.

All containers must be emptied of hazardous waste residues before they are disposed.

Hazardous waste residues must be managed as hazardous waste. Empty containers may be disposed of as normal solid waste. A container is considered empty when all wastes have been removed that can be removed through normal practices (e.g., pouring or pumping) and for containers holding:

(1) Hazardous waste, where all waste has been removed with no more than 2.5 cm [1 inch] of residue remains or, if the container is less than or equal to 450 liters [119 gallons], no more than 3 percent by weight of total capacity of the container remains, or, if the container is greater than 450 liters [119 gallons], no more than 0.3 percent by weight of the total capacity if the container remains.

(2) Acute hazardous waste, where the container or inner liner has been triple rinsed using a solvent capable of removing acute hazardous waste or has been cleaned by another method that has been shown in scientific literature, or by tests conducted by the generator, to achieve equivalent removal. A container with a liner is empty when the liner has been removed if the liner has prevented contact of the container with the acute hazardous waste.

(3) Compressed gas hazardous waste, when the pressure in the container approaches atmospheric.