Attachment 3 - MAHG241077 Remove Rubber and Restripe Runway - Specs.pdf

PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

Project Title: Remove Rubber and Restripe Runway

Project #: MAHG241077 AIRFIELD RUNWAY RUBBER REMOVAL, Section 011152

RUBBER REMOVAL EQUIPMENT

Mechanical rubber removal equipment includes waterblasting, shotblasting, or other approved nonchemical systems. Control equipment to be used on asphalt or tar concrete to remove rubber accumulations and minimize disturbance to asphalt or tar mixtures. Equipment to be used on Portland cement concretes shall be controlled to remove rubber accumulations and prevent removal of hardened paste from the concrete.

Basic hand tools and the following major types of mechanical equipment will be considered acceptable for this project.

Waterblasting Equipment Provide mobile waterblasting equipment capable of producing a pressurized stream of water that will effectively remove rubber from the pavement surface without significantly damaging the pavement. Regulate water pressure so that substantially all rubber accumulations are removed during execution of the work.

Shotblasting Equipment Provide mobile self-propelled shotblasting equipment capable of producing an adjustable depth of rubber removal and of propelling abrasive particles at high velocities on the rubber for effective removal. Each unit shall be self-cleaning and self-contained. Provide equipment able to confine the abrasive, any dust that is produced, and removed rubber; and capable of recycling the abrasive for reuse.

SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-03 Product Data

Rubber Removal

Equipment A list of construction equipment including item names and descriptions.

Rubber Removal Statements regarding the suitability of materials, personnel, and methods proposed to accomplish the work.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Maintenance of Traffic Coordinate the operation of equipment and the performance of work upon and in the vicinity of airfields with the Contracting Officer and with the Flight Operations Officer. Neither equipment nor personnel shall use any portion of an airfield without permission of these officers unless the runway is closed. In all cases, maintain verbal communication with the control tower before and during work in the vicinity of the airfield. The control tower shall be advised when work is completed.

Runways will be closed during the following times:

Landing and Take-Offs Emergency landings and take-offs shall take precedence over all Contractor operations. When notified of an emergency situation, cease all rubber removal operations and immediately clear the runway of all equipment and personnel for a distance of at least 200 feet from the

FA301025R0016

Attachment #3

Project #: MAHG241077 edge of the runway.

DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Deliver materials that are required in the approved rubber removal process, in original manufacturer's containers labeled with appropriate EPA, OSHA, or other agency warnings, if applicable. Protect materials from the environment until their use is required during execution of the work.

ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Pavement surface shall be free of snow, ice or slush. Surface temperature shall be at least 40 degrees F and rising at the beginning of operations except those involving shotblasting or sandblasting for which a lower surface temperature may be approved. Cease operation during thunderstorms. Cease operation during rainfall except for waterblasting. Cease waterblasting where surface water accumulation alters the effectiveness of material removal.

RUBBER REMOVAL

The pavement surface may be of Portland cement, tar or asphalt mixtures.

Exercise close control of water pressure and blasting time/duration to prevent disintegration damage to asphalt and tar concretes. Exercise extremely good control for porous friction courses. Demonstrate the ability to remove rubber at a touchdown area of the runway selected by the Contracting Officer; at least one site per runway will be chosen.

Rubber removal shall be as complete as possible without damage to the pavement surface. The surface texture of the cleaned demonstration area will be compared to that of nonrubber traffic areas to determine satisfactory completion of the removal operation. After approval of the Contractor's operations the cleaned area will become the standard for rubber removal and final surface texture for the remainder of work. To avoid abrasive damage to existing pavements during rubber removal, lighter passes may be considered by Project Manager and Contracting Officer on case by case basis.

Keep the worksite clean of debris and waste from rubber removal operations. Cleanup operations shall be continuous. Debris and waste materials shall be accumulated and disposed at approved sites.

-- End of Section --

Project #: MAHG241077 AIRFIELD PAVEMENT PAINT APPLICATION, Section 240010

REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

(GSA) FS TT-B-1325 (Rev C) Beads (Glass Spheres) Retro-Reflective (Metric) FS TT-P-1952 (Rev D) Paint, Traffic and Airfield Markings, Waterborne

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

All machines, tools and equipment used in the performance of the work shall be approved and maintained in satisfactory operating condition.

Equipment operating on roads and runways shall display low speed traffic markings and traffic warning lights.

Paint Application Equipment

Self-Propelled or Mobile-Drawn Pneumatic Spraying Machines The equipment to apply paint to pavements shall be a self-propelled or mobile-drawn pneumatic spraying machine with suitable arrangements of atomizing nozzles and controls to obtain the specified results. The machine shall have a speed during application not less than 5 mph, and shall be capable of applying the stripe widths indicated, at the paint coverage rate specified in paragraph APPLICATION, and of even uniform thickness with clear-cut edges.

The equipment used to apply the paint binder to airfield pavements shall be a self-propelled or mobile-drawn pneumatic spraying machine with an arrangement of atomizing nozzles capable of applying a line width at any one time in multiples of 6 inches, from 6 inches to 36 inches. The paint applicator shall have paint reservoirs or tanks of sufficient capacity and suitable gauges to apply paint in accordance with requirements specified.

Tanks shall be equipped with suitable air-driven mechanical agitators. The spray mechanism shall be equipped with quick-action valves conveniently located, and shall include necessary pressure regulators and gauges in full view and reach of the operator. Paint strainers shall be installed in paint supply lines to ensure freedom from residue and foreign matter that may cause malfunction of the spray guns. The paint applicator shall be readily adaptable for attachment of an air-actuated dispenser for the reflective media approved for use. Pneumatic spray guns shall be provided for hand application of paint in areas where the mobile paint applicator cannot be used.

Hand-Operated, Push-Type Machines All machines, tools, and equipment used in performance of the work shall be approved and maintained in satisfactory operating condition. Hand-operated push-type machines of a type commonly used for application of paint to pavement surfaces will be acceptable for marking small streets and parking areas. Applicator machine shall be equipped with the necessary paint tanks and spraying nozzles, and shall be capable of applying paint uniformly at coverage specified. Sandblasting equipment shall be provided as required for cleaning surfaces to be painted. Hand-operated spray guns shall be provided for use in areas where push-type machines cannot be used.

Project #: MAHG241077

Reflective Media Dispenser The dispenser for applying the reflective media shall be attached to the paint dispenser and shall operate automatically and simultaneously with the applicator through the same control mechanism. The dispenser shall be capable of adjustment and designed to provide uniform flow of reflective media over the full length and width of the stripe at the rate of coverage specified in paragraph APPLICATION, at all operating speeds of the applicator to which it is attached.

Surface Preparation Equipment

Sandblasting Equipment Sandblasting equipment shall include an air compressor, hoses, and nozzles of proper size and capacity as required for cleaning surfaces to be painted. The compressor shall be capable of furnishing not less than 150 cfm of air at a pressure of not less than 90 psi at each nozzle used, and shall be equipped with traps that will maintain the compressed air free of oil and water.

Waterblast Equipment The water pressure shall be specified at 2600 psi at 140 degrees F in order to adequately clean the surfaces to be marked.

Marking Removal Equipment Equipment shall be mounted on rubber tires and shall be capable of removing markings from the pavement without damaging the pavement surface or joint sealant. Waterblasting equipment shall be capable of producing an adjustable, pressurized stream of water. Sandblasting equipment shall include an air compressor, hoses, and nozzles. The compressor shall be equipped with traps to maintain the air free of oil and water.

Shotblasting Equipment Shotblasting equipment shall be capable of producing an adjustable depth of removal of marking and pavement. Each unit shall be self-cleaning and self-contained, shall be able to confine dust and debris from the operation, and shall be capable of recycling the abrasive for reuse.

Special Cases Certain areas of existing pavements within selected areas where paint is to be removed may be aged or damaged. Contractor is allowed to remove lighter amounts of paint to prevent pavement damage at selected areas within project on case by case basis as approved by Contracting Officer and Project Manager.

Composition Requirements

Manufacturer's current printed product description and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each type paint/color proposed for use.

Qualifications Documentation on personnel qualifications, as specified.

SD-06 Test Reports

Sampling and

Testing Certified copies of the test reports, prior to the use of the materials at the jobsite. Testing shall be performed in an approved independent laboratory.

SD-07 Certificates

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Certificate stating that the proposed pavement marking paint meets the VOC regulations of the local Air Pollution Control District having jurisdiction over the geographical area in which the project is located.

ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Pavement surface shall be free of snow, ice, or slush. Surface temperature shall be at least 40 degrees F and rising at the beginning of operations, except those involving shot or sand blasting. Operation shall cease during thunderstorms. Operation shall cease during rainfall, except for waterblasting. Waterblasting shall cease where surface water accumulation alters the effectiveness of material removal.

PAINT

The paint shall be homogeneous, easily stirred to smooth consistency, and shall show no hard settlement or other objectionable characteristics during a storage period of 6 months. Paints for airfields, roads, parking areas, and streets shall conform to FS TT-P-1952, color as indicated.

Pavement marking paints shall comply with applicable state and local laws enacted to ensure compliance with Federal Clean Air Standards. Paint materials shall conform to the restrictions of the local Air Pollution Control District.

REFLECTIVE MEDIA

Reflective media for airfields shall conform to FS TT-B-1325, Type I, Gradation A. Reflective media for roads and streets shall conform to FS TT-B-1325, Type I, Gradation A or AASHTO M 247, Type I.

EXECUTION

SURFACE PREPARATION

Thoroughly clean surfaces to be marked before application of the pavement marking material. Dust, dirt, and other granular surface deposits shall be removed by sweeping, blowing with compressed air, rinsing with water or a combination of these methods as required. Rubber deposits, surface laitance, existing paint markings, and other coatings adhering to the pavement shall be completely removed with scrapers, wire brushes, sandblasting, or mechanical abrasion as directed. Areas of old pavement affected with oil or grease shall be scrubbed with several applications of CE Environmental approved detergent or degreaser and rinsed thoroughly after each application.

After cleaning, oil-soaked areas shall be sealed with cut shellac to prevent bleeding through the new paint. Pavement surfaces shall be allowed to dry, when water is used for cleaning, prior to striping or marking.

Surfaces shall be recleaned, when work has been stopped due to rain.

Cleaning Existing Pavement Markings In general, markings shall not be placed over existing pavement marking patterns. Remove existing pavement markings, which are in good condition but interfere or conflict with the newly applied marking patterns.

Deteriorated or obscured markings that are not misleading or confusing or interfere with the adhesion of the new marking material do not require removal. New preformed and thermoplastic pavement markings shall not be applied over existing preformed or thermoplastic markings.

Whenever grinding, scraping, sandblasting or other operations are performed the work must be conducted in such a manner that the finished pavement surface is not damaged or left in a pattern that is misleading or confusing. When these operations are completed the pavement surface shall be blown off with compressed air to remove residue and debris resulting from the cleaning work.

Cleaning Concrete Curing Compounds On new Portland cement concrete pavements, cleaning operations shall not begin until a minimum of 30 days after the placement of concrete.

All new concrete pavements shall be cleaned by either sandblasting or water blasting. When water blasting is performed, thermoplastic and preformed markings shall be applied no sooner than 24 hours after the blasting has been completed. The extent of the blasting work shall be to clean and prepare the concrete surface as follows:

a. There is no visible evidence of curing compound on the peaks of the textured concrete surface.

b. There are no heavy puddled deposits of curing compound in the valleys of the textured concrete surface.

c. All remaining curing compound is intact; all loose and flaking material is removed.

d. The peaks of the textured pavement surface are rounded in profile and free of sharp edges and irregularities.

e. The surface to be marked is dry.

APPLICATION

All pavement markings and patterns shall be placed as shown on the plans.

Paint Paint shall be applied to clean, dry surfaces, and only when air and pavement temperatures are above 40 degrees F and less than 95 degrees F.

Paint temperature shall be maintained within these same limits. New asphalt pavement surfaces and new Portland concrete cement shall be allowed to cure for a period of not less than 30 days before applications of paint. Paint shall be applied pneumatically with approved equipment at rate of coverage specified. Provide guidelines and templates as necessary to control paint application. Special precautions shall be taken in marking numbers, letters, and symbols. Edges of markings shall be sharply outlined.

Rate of Application

Reflective Markings: Pigmented binder shall be applied evenly to the pavement area to be coated at a rate of 105 plus or minus 5 square feet/gallon. Glass spheres shall be applied uniformly to the wet paint on airfield pavement at a rate of 8 plus or minus 0.5 pounds of glass spheres per gallon of paint.

a. Nonreflective Markings: Paint shall be applied evenly to the pavement surface to be coated at a rate of 105 plus or minus 5 square feet/gallon.

Drying The maximum drying time requirements of the paint specifications will be strictly enforced to prevent undue softening of bitumen, and pickup, displacement, or discoloration by tires of traffic. If there is a delay in drying of the markings, painting operations shall be discontinued until cause of the slow drying is determined and corrected.

Reflective Media Application of reflective media shall immediately follow application of pigmented binder. Drop-on application of glass spheres shall be accomplished to insure that reflective media is evenly distributed at the specified rate of coverage. Should there be malfunction of either paint applicator or reflective media dispenser, operations shall be discontinued immediately until deficiency is corrected.

-- End of Section --

UFC 3-260-01

17 NOVEMBER 2008

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT PLANNING

AND DESIGN

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT PLANNING AND DESIGN

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY (Preparing Activity)

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

This UFC supersedes UFC 3-260-01, dated 1 November 2001.

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA).

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

JAMES C. DALTON, P.E.

Chief, Engineering and Construction U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

JOSEPH E. GOTT, P.E.

Chief Engineer Naval Facilities Engineering Command

PAUL A. PARKER

The Deputy Civil Engineer DCS/Installations & Logistics Department of the Air Force

MICHAEL McANDREW Director, Facility Investment and Management Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations and Environment) http://www.wbdg.org/pdfs/ufc_implementation.pdf http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4 http://dod.wbdg.org/

REVISION SUMMARY SHEET

Document: UFC 3-260-01 Superseding: UFC 3-260-01, dated 1 November 2001

Description of Changes: This update to UFC 3-260-01:

Updates and adds references to associated design manuals and publications with related standards and criteria Clarifies: the application of criteria to airfields and facilities constructed under previous standards;

the aircraft wheel load design requirements for drainage structures in shoulder areas and the graded area of clear zones; pavement types and surface smoothness criteria near arresting system cables; information on limited use helipads

Adds: a requirement to file FAA Form 7460-2 for project completion; a requirement for USAF activities to develop a construction phasing plan for all projects; new aircraft mission-design series to runway classification by aircraft type; new Air Force aircraft arresting systems; information on siting criteria for fire hydrants when required adjacent to aprons; an allowance for service roads controlled by ATC within the graded area of clear zone; specific wheel load requirements for the paved portion of runway overruns and shoulder areas; Service-specific AICUZ guidelines; a new Navy and Marine Corps requirement for transverse slope requirements near aircraft arresting system cables; criteria for runway and taxiway intersection fillets; new tables and figures;

information on Navy/Marine Corps exemptions from waivers

Revises criteria for: longitudinal grades of runway and shoulders; transverse grade of runway, paved shoulder, unpaved shoulder, and area to be graded; runway lateral clearance zones;

mandatory frangibility zone; rate of longitudinal grade change per 30 meters for fixed-wing taxiways; grade of area between taxiway shoulder and taxiway clearance line on fixed-wing taxiways; taxiway intersections; paved shoulders on USAF runways with a paved surface wider than the minimum needed for the mission; fixed-wing aprons; warm-up pads; siting warm-up pads, other aprons, hot cargo spots, and taxiways to these facilities; siting access roads and parking areas for access roads; siting compass calibration pads; siting of hazardous cargo pads; hangar access aprons; landing zones; rotary-wing landing lanes; aircraft clearances inside hangars; waiver processing procedures; compatible use zones; jet blast requirements and blast resistant pavement;

Air Force tie-downs and static ground; Air Force airfield support facilities; airfield construction projects; establishing the building restriction line at USAF bases

Revises: Navy/Marine Corps aircraft dimensions

Reasons for Changes:

Response to AFSAS Mishap ID 305221, F-15C, Class A, Landing Mishap, Final Evaluation, 20020903FTFA315A, Recommendations 3 & 4 Response to HQ ACC/A7OI request that grade allowances be aligned with FAA criteria Response to COE recommendations based on current construction techniques Response to C-32A Class A Mishap, 20060601, Recommendation 7 Response to NAVFAC ECO recommendations Response to AFSAS mishap ID 305955, F-15E, Class C, 05022003001C, Recommendation 5.1 Improvement to readability of figures and addition of information via new tables and figures

Impact: There are negligible cost impacts; however, these benefits should be realized:

Increased aircraft safety during runway construction projects Reduced costs for providing paved shoulders on runways wider than 46 meters Reduced costs for grading runway shoulders Improved waiver processing guidelines

Non-Unification Issues: Due to differences in mission, aircraft, tactics, mishap potential and mishap rates for specific aircraft, not all criteria within this UFC are unified. The primary elements of criteria that are not unified are clear zone and accident potential zone (APZ) shapes and sizes, separation distances between runways and taxiways, and size and implementation dates for certain protected air space elements. Maintaining these differences allows the Services to avoid costs associated with non-mission-driven changes in airfield configuration and mapping, and acquisition of real property or avigation easements.

Planning: The processes vary among the Services due to differing organizational structures and are delineated in separate Service-specific directives.

Clear zone and APZ shapes and sizes: These areas are different for each Service and class of runway because they are based on the types of aircraft that use the runways and Service-specific accident potential.

Distances between fixed and rotary wing runways: The distance is greater for Air Force and Navy/Marine Corps runways due to the frequency of operations by high-performance aircraft.

Increased width of landing lanes for Navy/Marine Corps: The width is increased to prevent rotor wash damage to landing lane shoulders and subsequent potential foreign object damage (FOD) from large rotary wing aircraft.

Lesser width of Class A taxiways on Navy/Marine Corps: No new Navy/Marine Corps Class A facilities have been constructed since World War II. The Navy will unify their criteria but must defer until the next UFC update to allow for a thorough evaluation.

No Navy/Marine Corps requirement for paved shoulders on Class A taxiways: Same rationale as for the width of Class A taxiways above.

Reduced site distance for Air Force taxiways: Enables the Army and Navy/Marine Corps to operate with uncontrolled taxiways.

Increased clearance from taxiway centerlines to fixed or mobile obstacles: The Air Force routinely operates C-5 aircraft on all Air Force airfields. Use of the reduced clearances slows taxi speeds and hinders expedient operations.

Reduced distance between taxiway and parallel taxiway centerlines on Army airfields: The Army does not routinely simultaneously operate numerous wide-body aircraft on a single airfield.

Different Air Force and Navy/Marine Corps intersection geometry: The differences are in the methods for widening the pavement prior to intersections.

Tow way width differences: The Navy/Marine Corps base tow way width on three general aircraft types; the Air Force and Army base tow way width on mission aircraft.

Clearance from tow way centerline to fixed or mobile obstacles: The Navy/Marine Corps require distance be based on tow way type; the Air Force and Army require clearance be based on mission aircraft.

Vertical clearance from tow way pavement surface to fixed or mobile obstacles: The Navy/Marine Corps require distance be based on tow way type; the Air Force and Army require clearance be based on mission aircraft.

Differences in apron spacing for parking aircraft: The Navy/Marine Corps apron spacing requirements are developed for each aircraft in the inventory. Air Force and Army requirements are based on aircraft wingspan.

Differences in Air Force and Army apron clearance distance: The Army requires a 38-meter (125-foot) clearance distance for all Class B aircraft aprons. This distance is sufficient to accommodate C-5 aircraft. The Air Force formerly used the same criteria but recently began basing the required distance on the most demanding aircraft that uses the apron. This is because all aprons will not accommodate C-5 aircraft.

Differences in apron layout for rotary wing aircraft: Formerly, Air Force and Army rotary wing criteria were slightly different. The Air Force has adopted Army rotary wing criteria as optional and will standardize these criteria in the next revision of AFH 32-1084, Facility Requirements.

i

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1-1 PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL

1-2 SCOPE

1-2.1 Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) 1-2.2 Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace 1-2.3 Navigational Aids (NAVAIDS) and Lighting 1-2.4 Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) Aircraft

(V-22)

1-3 REFERENCES

1-4 APPLICATION OF CRITERIA

1-4.1 Existing Facilities 1-4.2 Modification of Existing Facilities 1-4.3 New Construction 1-4.4 Metric Application 1-4.5 Military Activities on Civil Owned Airfields 1-4.6 USAFE Installations

1-5 SERVICE REQUIREMENTS

1-6 THEATER OF OPERATIONS

1-7 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR DESIGN

1-7.1 Integration of Security Measures 1-7.2 Security-Related Requirements

1-8 WAIVERS TO CRITERIA

1-9 USAF WORK ORDER COORDINATION AND AUTHORIZATION

1-10 NEW RUNWAYS, EXTENDING EXISTING RUNWAYS, AND

NOTICE OF CONSTRUCTION

1-11 CONSTRUCTION PHASING PLAN

1-12 ZONING

1-13 ASSOCIATED DESIGN MANUALS

1-14 USE OF TERMS

CHAPTER 2: AVIATION FACILITIES PLANNING

2-1 APPLICABILITY

2-1.1 Manual Usage 2-1.2 Terms 2-1.3 Planning Process 2-1.4 Planning Elements 2-1.5 Guidance 2-1.6 Additional Planning Factors 2-1.7 Space Allowances

2-2 JUSTIFICATION

2-2.1 Aviation Facilties Planning 2-2.2 Number of Aircraft 2-2.3 Joint Use Facilities ii

2-3 GENERAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

2-3.1 Goals and Objectives 2-3.2 Functional Proponent 2-3.3 Requirements 2-3.4 Safety 2-3.5 Design Aircraft 2-3.6 Airspace and Land Area

2-4 PLANNING STUDIES

2-4.1 Master Plan 2-4.2 Land Use Studies 2-4.3 Environmental Studies 2-4.4 Aircraft Noise Studies 2-4.5 Instrumented Runway Studies

2-5 SITING AVIATION FACILITIES

2-5.1 Location 2-5.2 Site Selection 2-5.3 Airspace Approval 2-5.4 Airfield Safety Clearances

2-6 AIRSIDE AND LANDSIDE FACILITIES

2-7 LANDING AND TAKEOFF AREA

2-7.1 Runways and Helipads 2-7.2 Number of Runways 2-7.3 Number of Helipads 2-7.4 Runway Location 2-7.5 Runway and Helipad Separation 2-7.6 Runway Instrumentation

2-8 AIRCRAFT GROUND MOVEMENT AND PARKING AREAS

2-8.1 Taxiways 2-8.2 Aircraft Parking Aprons

2-9 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AREA (OTHER THAN PAVEMENTS)

2-9.1 Aircraft Maintenance Facilities 2-9.2 Aviation Maintenance Buildings (Air Force and Navy) 2-9.3 Aviation Maintenance Buildings (Army) 2-9.4 Maintenance Aprons 2-9.5 Apron Lighting 2-9.6 Security

2-10 AVIATION OPERATIONS SUPPORT AREA

2-10.1 Aviation Operations Support Facilities 2-10.2 Location 2-10.3 Orientation of Facilities 2-10.4 Multiple Supporting Facilities 2-10.5 Transient Facilities 2-10.6 Other Support Facilities 2-10.7 Aircraft Fuel Storage and Dispensing 2-10.8 Roadways to Support Airfield Activities 2-10.9 Navy/Marine Corps Exemptions from Waivers iii

CHAPTER 3: RUNWAYS (FIXED-WING) AND IMAGINARY SURFACES

3-1 CONTENTS

3-2 REQUIREMENTS

3-3 RUNWAY CLASSIFICATION

3-3.1 Class A Runways 3-3.2 Class B Runways 3-3.3 Rotary-Wing and V/STOL Aircraft 3-3.4 Landing Zones

3-4 RUNWAY SYSTEMS

3-4.1 Single Runway 3-4.2 Parallel Runways 3-4.3 Crosswind Runways

3-5 RUNWAY ORIENTATION/WIND DATA

3-6 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RUNWAY ORIENTATION

3-6.1 Obstructions 3-6.2 Restricted Airspace 3-6.3 Built-Up Areas 3-6.4 Neighboring Airports 3-6.5 Topography 3-6.6 Soil Conditions 3-6.7 Noise Analysis

3-7 RUNWAY DESIGNATION

3-8 RUNWAY DIMENSIONS

3-8.1 Runway Dimension Criteria, Except Runway Length 3-8.2 Runway Length Criteria 3-8.3 Layout

3-9 SHOULDERS

3-9.1 Paved Shoulder Areas 3-9.2 Unpaved Shoulder Areas

3-10 RUNWAY OVERRUNS

3-10.1 The Paved Portion of the Overrun 3-10.2 The Unpaved Portion of the Overrun

3-11 RUNWAY CLEAR ZONES

3-11.1 Treatment of Clear Zones 3-11.2 Clear Zone Mandatory Frangibility Zone (MFZ) 3-11.3 US Navy Clear Zones

3-12 ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONES (APZ)

3-13 AIRSPACE IMAGINARY SURFACES

3-13.1 Types of Airspace Imaginary Surfaces 3-13.2 Imaginary Surfaces

3-14 AIRSPACE FOR AIRFIELDS WITH TWO OR MORE RUNWAYS

3-15 OBSTRUCTIONS TO AIR NAVIGATION

3-15.1 Aircraft Movement Area 3-15.2 Determining Obstructions 3-15.3 Trees

3-16 AIRCRAFT ARRESTING SYSTEMS

3-16.1 Navy and Marine Corps Requirements iv

3-16.2 Installation Design and Repair Considerations 3-16.3 Joint-Use Airfields 3-16.4 Military Rights Agreements for Non-CONUS Locations

CHAPTER 4: ROTARY-WING RUNWAYS, HELIPADS, LANDING LANES,

AND HOVERPOINTS

4-1 CONTENTS

4-2 LANDING AND TAKEOFF LAYOUT REQUIREMENTS

4-3 ROTARY-WING RUNWAY

4-3.1 Orientation and Designation 4-3.2 Dimensions 4-3.3 Layout

4-4 HELIPADS

4-4.1 Standard VFR Helipad 4-4.2 Limited Use Helipad 4-4.3 IFR Helipad 4-4.4 Helipad Location 4-4.5 Dimensional Criteria 4-4.6 Layout Criteria

4-5 SAME DIRECTION INGRESS/EGRESS

4-5.1 Dimensions Criteria 4-5.2 Layout Criteria

4-6 HOVERPOINTS

4-6.1 General 4-6.2 Hoverpoint Location 4-6.3 Dimensions 4-6.4 Layout

4-7 ROTARY-WING LANDING LANES

4-7.1 Requirements for a Landing Lane 4-7.2 Landing Lane Location 4-7.3 Touchdown Points 4-7.4 Dimensions 4-7.5 Layout

4-8 AIR FORCE HELICOPTER SLIDE AREAS (OR

4-9 SHOULDERS FOR ROTARY-WING FACILITIES

4-10 OVERRUNS FOR ROTARY-WING RUNWAYS AND LANDING

LANES

4-11 CLEAR ZONE AND ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE (APZ)

4-11.1 Clear Zone Land Use 4-11.2 Accident Potential Zone (APZ) 4-11.3 Dimensions

4-12 IMAGINARY SURFACES FOR ROTARY-WING RUNWAYS,

HELIPADS, LANDING LANES, AND HOVERPOINTS

4-13 OBSTRUCTIONS AND AIRFIELD AIRSPACE CRITERIA

v

CHAPTER 5: TAXIWAYS

5-1 CONTENTS

5-2 TAXIWAY REQUIREMENTS

5-2 TAXIWAY SYSTEMS

5-3.1 Basic 5-3.2 Parallel Taxiway 5-3.3 High-Speed Taxiway Turnoff 5-3.4 Additional Types of Taxiways 5-3.5 Taxilanes 5-3.6 USAF Taxitraks

5-4 TAXIWAY LAYOUT

5-4.1 Efficiency 5-4.2 Direct Access 5-4.3 Simple Taxiing Routes 5-4.4 Delay Prevention 5-4.5 Runway Exit Criteria 5-4.6 Taxiway Designation

5-5 FIXED-WING TAXIWAY DIMENSIONS

5-5.1 Criteria 5-5.2 Transverse Cross-Section

5-6 ROTARY-WING TAXIWAY DIMENSIONS

5-7 TAXIWAYS AT DUAL USE (FIXED- AND ROTARY-WING)

AIRFIELDS

5-7.1 Criteria 5-7.2 Taxiway Shoulders

5-8 TAXIWAY INTERSECTION CRITERIA

5-8.1 Fillet-Only Dimensions 5-8.2 Fillet and Lead-in to Fillet Dimensions

5-9 HIGH-SPEED RUNWAY EXITS

5-10 APRON ACCESS TAXIWAYS

5-10.1 Parking Aprons 5-10.2 Fighter Aircraft Aprons

5-11 SHOULDERS

5-11.1 Fixed-Wing Taxiways 5-11.2 Rotary-Wing Taxiways

5-12 TOWWAYS

5-12.1 Dimensions 5-12.2 Layout 5-12.3 Existing Roadways

5-13 HANGAR ACCESS

CHAPTER 6: APRONS AND OTHER PAVEMENTS

6-1 CONTENTS

6-2 APRON REQUIREMENTS

6-3 TYPES OF APRONS AND OTHER PAVEMENTS

6-4 AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS

vi

6-5 PARKING APRON FOR FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT

6-5.1 Location 6-5.2 Size 6-5.3 Army Parking Apron Layout 6-5.4 Air Force Parking Apron Layout 6-5.5 Layout for Combined Army and Air Force Parking Aprons 6-5.6 Tactical/Fighter Parking Apron Layout 6-5.7 Refueling Considerations 6-5.8 Parking Dimensions

6-6 TAXIING CHARACTERISTICS ON APRONS FOR FIXED-WING

AIRCRAFT

6-6.1 Apron Taxilanes 6-6.2 Turning Capabilities (Aircraft Turning and Maneuvering

Characteristics 6-6.3 Departure Sequencing 6-6.4 Minimum Standoff Distances from Edge Pavements

6-7 PARKING APRON FOR ROTARY-WING AIRCRAFT

6-7.1 Location 6-7.2 Apron Size 6-7.3 Maneuverability 6-7.4 Army Parking Apron Layout 6-7.5 Air Force Parking Apron Layout 6-7.6 Refueling Considerations 6-7.7 Parking Dimensions

6-8 WARM-UP PADS

6-8.1 Navy and Marine Corps 6-8.2 Location 6-8.3 Siting Considerations 6-8.4 Warm-Up Pad Size 6-8.5 Taxi-In/Taxi-Out Capabilities 6-8.6 Parking Angle 6-8.7 Turning Radius 6-8.8 Taxilanes on Warm-Up Pads 6-8.9 Tie-Downs and Grounding Points

6-9 POWER CHECK PAD

6-9.1 Location and Siting Considerations 6-9.2 Unsuppressed Power Check Pad Layout 6-9.3 Access Taxiway/Towway 6-9.4 Grading 6-9.5 Thrust Anchors/Mooring Points 6-9.6 Anchor Blocks 6-9.7 Power Check Pad Facilities 6-9.8 Noise Considerations

6-10 ARM/DISARM PADS

6-10.1 Navy and Marine Corps Requirements 6-10.2 Location 6-10.3 Siting Considerations vii

6-10.4 Arm/Disarm Pad Size 6-10.5 Taxi-In/Taxi-Out Capabilities 6-10.6 Parking Angle 6-10.7 Turning Radius 6-10.8 Access Road 6-10.9 Tie-downs and Grounding Points 6-10.10 Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards

6-11 COMPASS CALIBRATION PAD

6-11.1 Air Force 6-11.2 Navy and Marine Corps 6-11.3 Locatoin 6-11.4 Siting Considerations 6-11.5 Compass Calibration Pad (CCP) Size 6-11.6 Access Taxiway/Towway 6-11.7 Grading 6-11.8 Tie-Down/Mooring Points 6-11.9 Embedded Material 6-11.10 Control Points

6-12 HAZARDOUS CARGO PADS

6-12.1 Navy and Marine Corps Requirements 6-12.2 Siting Criteria 6-12.3 Hazardous Cargo Pad Size 6-12.4 Access Taxiway 6-12.5 Tie-Down and Grounding Points 6-12.6 Miscellaneous Considerations

6-13 ALERT PAD

6-13.1 Navy and Marine Corps Requirements 6-13.2 Location 6-13.3 Siting Criteria 6-13.4 Alert Pad Size 6-13.5 Design Aircraft 6-13.6 Alert Aircraft Parking Arrangements 6-13.7 Jet Blast Distance Requirements 6-13.8 Taxi-In/Taxi-Out Capabilities 6-13.9 Turning Radius 6-13.1 Dedicated Access Taxiway 6-13.11 Tie-Down and Grounding Points

6-14 AIRCRAFT WASH RACKS

6-14.1 Location 6-14.2 Wash Rack Size 6-14.3 Wash Rack Facilities 6-14.4 Wash Rack Grading 6-14.5 Tie-Down and Grounding Points 6-14.6 Concrete Curbs 6-14.7 Service Points 6-14.8 Wastewater Collection 6-14.9 Wastewater Treatment viii

6-14.10 Utilities Control Building 6-14.11 Utilities

6-15 HANGAR ACCESS APRONS

6-15.1 Dimensions 6-15.2 Grades for Aircraft Fueling Ramps 6-15.3 Grades for Aircraft Access into Hangars

6-16 TAXIING CHARACTERISTICS ON APRONS FOR ROTARY-WING

AIRCRAFT

6-16.1 Hoverlane/Taxilane Width at Army Facilities 6-16.2 Hoverlane/Taxilane Width at Air Force Facilities

6-17 FIXED-WING AND ROTARY-WING GRADING STANDARDS

6-17.1 Fixed-Wing Aircraft 6-17.2 Rotary-Wing Aircraft 6-17.3 Grades for Aircraft Fueling Ramps

6-18 SHOULDERS

6-18.1 Paved Shoulder Areas 6-18.2 Unpaved Shoulder Areas

6-19 MISCELLANEOUS APRON DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

6-19.1 Jet Blast Deflectors 6-19.2 Line Vehicle Parking 6-19.3 Utilities

6-20 CV-22 APRON CLEARANCES

6-21 US NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AIRCRAFT BLOCK

DIMENSIONS

CHAPTER 7: LANDING ZONES FOR C-130 AND C-17

7-1 GENERAL INFORMATION

7-1.1 Differences in Service Criteria 7-1.2 Differences in Service Criteria

7-2 DEFINITIONS

7-2.1 Accident Potential Zone-Landing Zone (APZ-LZ) 7-2.2 Clear Zone-LZ 7-2.3 Contingency Operations 7-2.4 Exclusion Area 7-2.5 Graded Area 7-2.6 Imaginary Surfaces-LZ 7-2.7 Infield Area 7-2.8 Landing Zone (LZ) 7-2.9 Maintained Area 7-2.10 Parking Maximum on Ground (MOG) 7-2.11 Paved Landing Zone (LZ) 7-2.12 Primary Surface 7-2.13 Runway End 7-2.14 Semi-Prepared Landing Zone (LZ) 7-2.15 Turnaround (or Hammerhead)

7-3 ACRONYMS

ix

7-4 SITE PLANNING FOR LANDING ZONES (LZ)

7-4.1 Future Development (Land or Aircraft Technology) 7-4.2 Prohibited Land Uses 7-4.3 APZs not on DOD Property

7-5 SITING CONSIDERATIONS

7-5.1 Training Landing Zones (LZs) 7-5.2 Siting Landing Zones (LZs) 7-5.3 FAA Requirements 7-5.4 Siting LZs in Built-Up Areas

7-6 GEOMETRIC CRITERIA FOR RUNWAYS AND OVERRUNS

7-6.1 LZ Runway Lengths 7-6.2 LZ Runway Widths 7-6.3 LZ Operating Surface Gradient Allowances 7-6.4 LZ Shoulders 7-6.5 Turnarounds

7-7 IMAGINARY SURFACES AND LAND USE CONTROL AREAS

7-8 OPERATIONAL WAIVERS TO CRITERIA

7-9 SEPARATION DISTANCES BETWEEN PERMANENT

RUNWAYS/HELIPADS AND LZ RUNWAYS

7-9.1 Separation Distances between Permanent

Runways/Helipads and LZ Runways for Simultaneous Operations

7-9.2 Separation between Permanent Class A or Class B Runways and LZ Runways for Non-Simultaneous Operations

7-10 SURFACE TYPES

7-11 MARKING AND LIGHTING

CHAPTER 8: AIRCRAFT HANGAR PAVEMENTS

8-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

8-2 AIRCRAFT MODULES SPACE

8-3 HANGAR AND SHELTER CLEARANCES

8-4 HANGAR FLOOR DESIGN

GLOSSARY

APPENDIX A: REFERENCES

APPENDIX B: BEST PRACTICES

SECTION 1 WAIVER PROCESSING PROCEDURES

B1-1 ARMY

B1-1.1 Waiver Procedures B1-1.2 Contents of Waiver Requests B1-1.3 Additional Requirements x

B1-2 AIR FORCE

B1-2.1 Waivers to Criteria and Standards B1-2.2 Waiver Processing Procedures B1-2.3 Waiver Authority B1-2.4 Effective Length of Waiver B1-2.5 Responsibilities

B1-3 NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

B1-3.1 Applicability B1-3.2 Approval B1-3.3 Obtaining Waiver B1-3.4 Exemptions from Waiver

SECTION 2 ARMY LAND USE AND FACILITY SPACE -- ALLOWANCES

B2-1 APPLICABILITY

B2-1.1 Air Force B2-1.2 Navy and Marine Corps

SECTION 3 DOD AIR INSTALLATIONS COMPATIBLE USE ZONES

SUGGESTED LAND USE COMPATIBILITY IN ACCIDENT POTENTIAL

ZONES

B3-1 LEGEND

B3-2 NOTES

B3-3 REFERENCES

B3-3.1 DOD

B3-3.2 Air Force B3-3.3 Navy/Marine Corps

SECTION 4 WIND COVERAGE STUDIES

B4-1 APPLICABILITY

B4-1.1 Army B4-1.2 Air Force B4-1.3 Navy and Marine Corps

B4-2 OBJECTIVE

B4-3 GENERAL

B4-3.1 Basic Conditions B4-3.2 Meteorological Conditions

B4-4 WIND VELOCITY AND DIRECTION

B4-4.1 Composite Windrose B4-4.2 Terrain B4-4.3 Additional Weather Data B4-4.4 Wind Distribution

B4-5 USE OF WINDROSE DIAGRAMS

B4-5.1 Drawing the Windrose B4-5.2 Special Conditions B4-5.3 Desired Runway Orientation xi

B4-6 WIND COVERAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR RUNWAYS

B4-6.1 Primary Runways B4-6.2 Secondary Runways B4-6.3 Maximum Allowable Crosswind Components (Navy Only) B4-6.4 Allowable Variations of Wind Direction

SECTION 5 EXTRACT OF FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION PART 77,

OBJECTS AFFECTING NAVIGABLE AIRSPACE

SECTION 6 AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS FOR AIRFIELD-HELIPORT

DESIGN AND EVALUATION

B6-1 GENERAL

SECTION 7 JET BLAST EFFECTS

B7-1 CONTENTS

B7-2 CONSIDERATIONS

B7-2.1 Blast Temperatures B7-2.2 Blast Velocities B7-2.3 Minimum Clearances B7-2.4 Engine Blast Relationship

B7-3 PROTECTION FROM JET BLAST EFFECTS

B7-3.1 Blast Deflectors B7-3.2 Unprotected Areas

B7-4 NOISE CONSIDERATIONS

B7-5 JET BLAST REQUIREMENTS

B7-5.1 Parked Aircraft B7-5.2 Taxiing Aircraft

SECTION 8 JET BLAST DEFLECTOR

B8-1 OVERVIEW

B8-1.1 Location B8-1.2 Size and Configuration B8-1.3 Paved Shoulders

SECTION 9 EXPLOSIVES ON OR NEAR AIRFIELDS

B9-1 CONTENTS

B9-2 SEPARATION DISTANCE REQUIREMENTS

B9-3 PROHIBITED ZONES

B9-4 HAZARDS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TO EED

B9-5 LIGHTNING PROTECTION

B9-6 GROUNDING OF AIRCRAFT

B9-7 HOT REFUELING

xii

SECTION 10 COMPASS CALIBRATION PAD MAGNETIC SURVEY

B10-1 CONTENTS

B10-2 AIR FORCE, NAVY, AND MARINE CORPS REQUIREMENTS

B10-3 ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS

B10-4 PRELIMINARY SURVEY REQUIREMENTS

B10-4.1 Proton Magnetometer Method B10-4.2 Distant Object Method B10-4.3 Reciprocal Observation Method

B10-5 MAGNETIC SURVEY REQUIREMENTS

B10-6 MAGNETIC SURVEY PROCEDURES

B10-6.1 Magnetic Field Survey (Variation Check) B10-6.2 Magnetic Direction Survey

B10-7 SITING CONSIDERATIONS

B10-7.1 Separation Distances B10-7.2 Checking Site

SECTION 11 TIEDOWNS, MOORING, AND GROUNDING POINTS

B11-1 TYPES OF EQUIPMENT

B11-1.1 Mooring and Grounding Point B11-1.2 Mooring Point B11-1.3 Static Grounding Point B11-1.4 Static Grounding Tiedown B11-1.5 Tiedown Mooring Eye

B11-2 MOORING POINTS FOR ARMY FIXED- AND ROTARY-WING

AIRCRAFT

B11-2.1 Type B11-2.2 Design Load B11-2.3 Layout B11-2.4 Installation

B11-3 EXISTING MOORING POINTS FOR ARMY

B11-3.1 Evaluation of Existing Mooring Points for Structural

Adequacy B11-3.2 Evaluation of Existing Mooring Points for Resistance

B11-4 STATIC GROUNDING POINTS FOR ARMY FIXED- AND ROTARY-

WING FACILITIES

B11-4.1 Type B11-4.2 Layout B11-4.3 Installation B11-4.4 Grounding Requirements

B11-5 AIR FORCE TIEDOWNS AND STATIC GROUNDS

B11-5.1 General B11-5.2 Layout B11-5.3 Installation B11-5.4 Grounding Requirements

B11-6 TIEDOWN MOORING EYES FOR NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

xiii

SECTION 12 FLIGHTLINE VEHICLE PARKING - NAVY AND MARINE CORPS

B12-1 CONTENTS

B12-2 ARMY AND AIR FORCE CRITERIA

B12-3 LOCATION

B12-3.1 Area Required B12-3.2 Station-Assigned Vehicles B12-3.3 Squadron-Assigned Vehicles B12-3.4 Refueling Vehicles

B12-4 SURFACING

B12-5 SHELTER

B12-6 LIGHTING

SECTION 13 DEVIATIONS FROM CRITERIA FOR AIR FORCE AIRFIELD

SUPPORT FACILITIES

B13-1 WAIVERABLE AIRFIELD SUPPORT FACILITIES

B13-1.1 Contents B13-1.2 Army, Navy, and Marine Corps Requirements B13-1.3 Fixed Base Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) or Fixed

Base Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR) B13-1.4 Airport Rotating Beacon B13-1.5 Nondirectional Radio Beacon Facilities B13-1.6 Rotating Beam Ceilometers B13-1.7 Laser Beam Ceilometers B13-1.8 Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT)

B13-2 PERMISSABLE DEVIATIONS FROM DESIGN CRITERIA

B13-2.1 Contents B13-2.2 Frangibility Requirements B13-2.3 Visual Air Navigational Facilities B13-2.4 Radar Facilities B13-2.5 Emergency Generators, Maintenance and Personnel

Facilities (Non-Frangible) B13-2.6 Remote Microwave Link (Non-Frangible) B13-2.7 PAR Reflectors (Frangible and Non-Frangible) B13-2.8 Airborne Radar Approach Reflectors (Non-Frangible) B13-2.9 Instrument Landing System (ILS) B13-2.10 Microwave Landing System (MLS) and Mobile Microwave

Landing System (MMLS) (Non-Frangible) B13-2.11 Mobile Navigational Aids and Communication Facilities

(Non-Frangible) B13-2.12 Mobile Air Traffic Control Towers (MATCT)

(Non-Frangible) B13-2.13 Terminal Very High Frequency Omnirange (TVOR) Facility and Very High Frequency Omnirange (VOR) Facility (Non-Frangible) xiv

B13-2.14 Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) Facility and Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range (VORTAC) Facility (Non-Frangible)

B13-2.15 Runway Supervisory Unit (RSU) (Non-Frangible) B13-2.16 Transmissometer Facilities (Non-Frangible) B13-2.17 Wind Measuring Set (Non-Frangible) B13-2.18 Temperature-Humidity Measuring Set (Non-Frangible) B13-2.19 Wind Direction Indicators (Frangible and Non-Frangible) B13-2.20 General Information for Operational and Maintenance

Support Facilities

SECTION 14 CONSTRUCTION PHASING PLAN AND OPERATIONAL SAFETY

ON AIRFIELDS DURING CONSTRUCTION

B14-1 CONTENTS

B14-2 NAVY AND MARINE CORPS REQUIREMENTS

B14-3 INFORMATION TO BE SHOWN ON THE CONSTRUCTION

PHASING PLAN

B14-3.1 Phasing B14-3.2 Aircraft Operational Areas B14-3.3 Additional Requirements B14-3.4 Temporary Displaced Thresholds B14-3.5 Access B14-3.6 Temporary Marking and Lighting B14-3.7 Safety Requirements and Procedures B14-3.8 FOD Checkpoints

B14-4 OTHER ITEMS TO BE SHOWN IN THE CONTRACT DRAWINGS

B14-4.1 Storage B14-4.2 Parking B14-4.3 Buildings B14-4.4 Designated Waste and Disposal Areas

B14-5 MAXIMUM EQUIPMENT HEIGHT

B14-6 OPERATIONAL SAFETY ON THE AIRFIELD DURING

CONSTRUCTION

B14-6.1 General Requirements B14-6.2 Formal Notification of Construction Activities B14-6.3 Safety Considerations B14-6.4 Examples of Hazardous and Marginal Conditions B14-6.5 Vehicles on the Airfield B14-6.6 Inspection B14-6.7 Special Safety Requirements during Construction B14-6.8 Construction Vehicle Traffic B14-6.9 Limitation on Construction B14-6.10 Marking and Lighting Closed or Hazardous Areas on

Airports B14-6.11 Temporary Runway Threshold Displacement xv

SECTION 15 AIRCRAFT TRIM PAD AND THRUST ANCHOR FOR UP TO 267

KILONEWTONS (60,000 POUNDS) THRUST

SECTION 16 NAVIGATION AIDS DESIGN AND SUPPORT

B16-1 GENERAL

SECTION 17 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER SITING CRITERIA

B17-1 GENERAL INFORMATION

B17-2 SITING CRITERIA

B17-2.1 Unobstructed View B17-2.2 Site Area Requirements B17-2.3 Quantity Distance Criteria B17-2.4 Obstruction Clearance B17-2.5 Siting Effects on NAVAIDS B17-2.6 Siting for Proper Depth Perception B17-2.7 Compliance With Airfield Standards B17-2.8 Orientation of the Cab B17-2.9 Extraneous Lighting B17-2.10 Weather Phenomena B17-2.11 Exhaust Fumes and other Visibility Impairments B17-2.12 Avoid Sources of Extraneous Noise B17-2.13 Personnel Access Considerations B17-2.14 Compliance With the Comprehensive Plan B17-2.15 Consider the Effects on Meteorological and

Communications Facilities

B17-3 MINIMUM REQUIRED FLOOR LEVELS

B17-4 SITING PROCEDURES

B17-4.1 Office Study by Siting Engineers B17-4.2 Field Study by Siting Engineers B17-4.3 TERPS Analysis

B17-5 SITE RECOMMENDATIONS

B17-6 SOI DISTRIBUTION

B17-7 SAMPLE SOI

SECTION 18 GUIDELINES FOR ESTABLISHING BUILDING RESTRICTION

LINE AT AIR FORCE BASES

B18-1 OVERVIEW

B18-1.1 General Information B18-1.2 Purpose

B18-2 ESTABLISHING THE BRL AT A BASE

B18-3 STATUS OF EXISTING AND FUTURE FACILITIES AND

OBSTRUCTIONS WITHIN THE AREA

B18-4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF AREA WITHIN BRL CONTROL

LINES

B18-4.1 Future Construction xvi

B18-4.2 Existing Facilities

B18-5 DOCUMENTATION AND REPORTING

B18-6 IMPLEMENTATION

B18-7 FUTURE MODIFICATION TO BRL

FIGURES

Figure 2-1. Aviation Facilities Planning Process Figure 3-1. Runway Transverse Sections and Primary Surface Figure 3-2. Clear Zone Transverse Section Detail Figure 3-3. Runway and Overrun Longitudinal Profile Figure 3-4. Army Clear Zone and Accident Potential Zone Guidelines Figure 3-5. Air Force Clear Zone and APZ Guidelines Figure 3-6. Navy and Marine Corps Clear Zone and APZ Guidelines Figure 3-7. Class A VFR Runway Primary Surface End Details Figure 3-8. Class A VFR Runway Isometric Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-9. Class A VFR Runway Plan and Profile Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-10. Class A IFR Runway Primary Surface End Details Figure 3-11. Class A IFR Runway Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-12. Class A IFR Runway Plan and Profile Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-13. Class B Army and Air Force Runway End and Clear Zone Details Figure 3-14. Class B Army Runway Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-15. Class B Army and Air Force Runway Airspace Plan and Profile Runway Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-16. Class B Navy Runway Primary Surface End Details Figure 3-17. Class B Air Force and Navy Runway Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-18. Class B Navy Runway Airspace Plan and Profile Runway Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-19. VFR and IFR Crosswind Runways Isometric Airspace Imaginary Surfaces Figure 3-20. Plan, Single Runway, Navy Class A, and Basic Training Outlying Field ... 55 Figure 3-21. Plan, Single Runway, and Navy Class B Figure 3-22. Typical Layout, Navy Dual Class B Runways Figure 4-1. Helicopter VFR Runway Figure 4-2. Helicopter IFR Runway Figure 4-3. IFR Airspace Imaginary Surfaces: IFR Helicopter Runway and Helipad Figure 4-4. Standard VFR Helipad for Army and Air Force Figure 4-5. Standard VFR Helipad for Navy and Marine Corps and Limited Use VFR Helipad for Army and Air Force Figure 4-6. Standard IFR Helipad Figure 4-7. Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps VFR Helipad with Same Direction Ingress/Egress Figure 4-8. Army and Air Force VFR Limited Use Helipad with Same Direction Ingress/Egress Figure 4-9. Army and Air Force IFR Helipad with Same Direction Ingress/Egress Figure 4-10. Helicopter Hoverpoint Figure 4-11. Rotary-Wing Landing Lane xvii

Figure 5-1. Common Taxiway Designations Figure 5-2. Spacing Requirements: Normal Taxiway Turnoffs Figure 5-3. Taxiway and Primary Surface Transverse Sections Figure 5-4. Runway/Taxiway Intersection Fillets Figure 5-5. Taxiway/Taxiway Intersection Fillets Figure 5-6. Intersection Geometry for Navy and Marine Corps Facilities Serving Aircraft with Wingspan Greater than 33.5 m (110 ft) Figure 5-7. Towway Criteria Figure 6-1. Apron Nomenclature and Criteria Figure 6-2. Army and Air Force Parking Plan Figure 6-3. Apron with Diagonal Parking Figure 6-4. Truck Refueling Safety Zone Example Figure 6-5. Type 1 Parking for All Rotary-Wing Aircraft Except CH-47 Figure 6-6. Type 1 Parking for CH-47 Figure 6-7. Type 2 Parking for Skid Rotary-Wing Aircraft Figure 6-8. Type 2 Parking for Wheeled Rotary-Wing Aircraft Figure 6-9. Warm-Up Pad at End of Parallel Taxiway Figure 6-10. Warm-Up Pad Next to Parallel Taxiway Figure 6-11. Warm-Up Pad Located in Clear Zone Figure 6-12. Warm-Up Pad Located in Approach-Departure Clearance Surface Figure 6-13.