Attachment_14_NERI_Graphic_Layouts_PART_2.pdf

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve Canyon Rim Visitor Center | Lansing, West Virginia

Submission Date: March 10, 2021

PRODUCTION DESIGN I

SDII DRAFT DDI DDI COMP PDI PDIISDI DDII PDI

GRAPHICS

NOTE:

This document is “Attachment 14 NERI Graphic Layouts PART 2”

The vast exposed cliffs of New River Gorge contain a uniquely hard sandstone comprised of 98 percent quartz. Visit Endless Wall Trail to experience this unique geologic feature for yourself.

explore!

Nuttall Sandstone Cliffs

P R O J E C T:

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, Canyon Rim Visitor Center Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

57GL-04.02-900Scale = 80% (11" dia.)

Sandstone Falls is the largest waterfall on the New River and marks a transition from wide, calm waters to a narrow, fast-flowing river through the gorge. Your journey to the falls from this visitor center will take you through some of the most scenic routes in the park.

explore!

Sandstone Falls

P R O J E C T:

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, Canyon Rim Visitor Center Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

58GL-04.02-910Scale = 80%

P R O J E C T:

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, Canyon Rim Visitor Center Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

59GL-04.02 MuralsScale =100%

West Virginia coal miners were regionally, internationally, and racially diverse. Workers from nearby states, African Americans from the south, and immigrants from southern and eastern Europe comprised the workforce. In 1909, African Americans alone made up 26 percent of the state’s mine workers.

17 million tonsof COAL

This 1810 map shows settlements along the New River. Although many settlers continued west to farm on flat land, some decided to stay in West Virginia. Farming was not easy here, but the rugged mountaineers that endured came to define the region.

What Brought People Here?

After miners extracted coal from underground, workers cooked some of it in large ovens to burn out impurities, creating coke. This carbon byproduct is fuel for the iron and steel industries.

Coal miners worked in cramped, dangerous conditions, some so tight they had to crawl to access the coal seam. They faced constant threats of explosion, roof collapse, fire, or electrocution. Despite these dangers, miners produced millions of tons of coal from New River Gorge coal mines, 17 million at the Kaymoor mines alone from 1900 to 1962.

While the New River Gorge provided resources needed for a developing nation, the extraction of coal and timber from this region impacted the landscape.

After years of industrial use, the landscape has regenerated.

The Bluestone, Gauley, and New Rivers comprise one of the oldest river systems on Earth. New River Gorge is the longest and deepest in the Appalachian Region.

what shaped the gorge?

The f irst people arrived here 14,000 years ago. Paleo-Indians used distinctive spearpoints to hunt animals. For thousands of years thereafter, people hunted and gathered resources from the bountiful gorge.

Some Native Americans farmed the lands along the New River.

Railroads supported the coal and lumber industries, transporting goods and offering access to new locations.

Towns like Hamlet, depicted here, flourished as lumber mills boomed. By the 1930s, logging had depleted the forests, leading to the closure of the mills.

William Richmond gifted this tract of land to his daughter, Mary Richmond Trump, in 1888. Mary built what is thought to be the first homestead on the site. The Trump-Lilly and Richmond- Hamilton farms near Sandstone Falls represent farming for early settlers in the 1800s.

explore!

Trump-Lilly Farm

Sandstone Falls is the largest waterfall on the New River and marks a transition from wide, calm waters to a narrow, fast-flowing river through the gorge. Your journey to the falls from this visitor center will take you through some of the most scenic routes in the park.

explore!

Sandstone Falls

The vast exposed cliffs of New River Gorge contain a uniquely hard sandstone comprised of 98 percent quartz. Visit Endless Wall Trail to experience this unique geologic feature for yourself.

explore!

Nuttall Sandstone Cliffs

What

Over millions of years, natural forces changed this landscape. As mountains rose, water drained down the slopes. These mountains slowly eroded, but the water remained, eventually forming the ancestral Teays River. This river continued to cut across the landscape as the next mountains rose. A melting-glacial ice sheet from the north influenced this river’s path at the end of the last ice age. Now known as the New River, this waterway continues to shape this part of the Appalachian Mountains.

Shaped the Gorge?

Peoples of the Paleoindian through early historic periods lived in this area.

Prehistoric peoples create the first Clovis points to hunt mammoth, mastodon, and other Ice Age creatures.

Europeans settle in the lower New River region.

Jacob Smith settles Quinnimont for subsistence farming along a rich, fertile river bottom section of the New River.

John Nuttall opens mines at Nuttallburg.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) is completed along the river corridor.

Colonel Joseph Beury ships the first load of “New River Smokeless Coal” from Quinnimont on the C&O Railroad.

Crews complete a railroad bridge across the New River at Thurmond.

Mother Jones is jailed for leading union strikes at the age of 71.

McKendree Hospital began a nursing school that offered one of few career opportunities for women at that time.

Mother Jones is jailed again for leading union strikes at the age of 82.

Henry Ford purchases mines in Nuttallburg to provide coal for his company’s steel mills.

Building of the Hawk’s Nest tunnel leads the death of an estimated 700-2,000 men, mostly African Americans.

Many businesses are forced to close during the Great Depression.

The C&O Railway changes from steam to diesel locomotives, leaving many railyard jobs obsolete in towns like Thurmond and Hinton.

Most coal towns are abandoned following the closing of the mines they were built to support.

Last operating coal mine in the gorge at Kaymoor closes.

New River Gorge Bridge is completed on October 22, 1977.

The U.S. Congress establishes New River Gorge National River in southern West Virginia.

First whitewater rafting industry opens in the gorge.

New River Gorge celebrates the first official Bridge Day.

The U.S. Congress establishes Bluestone National Scenic River and Gauley River National Recreation Area.

14,000 years ago – 1640 AD 11,000 years ago 1671 - 1750s 1827 18731872 1889 1902 1910 1913 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1961 1968 1977 1978 1980 1988

Human History in the Gorge

What

The New River connects people through time.

Water carved the gorge, providing a corridor for Native Americans to access the region.

Later loggers, coal miners, and other historic inhabitants also followed the river into the gorge. Abundant natural resources enticed them to stay. After workers completed the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway in 1873, industrial towns boomed and fueled the growing nation.

Brought People Here?

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How much coal did miners remove from

Kaymoor mines?

Mining towns flourished as people rushed to the area. John Nuttall founded Nuttallburg in 1870 to mine “smokeless” coal hidden in the gorge. Henry Ford later leased the mines in 1920 to fuel his automobile manufacturing facilities. Production ceased in 1958, but you can visit the site today.

explore!

Nuttallburg mine site

220 mya Pangea Breaks Apart

220–66 mya The Appalachian Mountains form, along with Coal and Sandstone

250–66 mya The Age of Dinosaurs

200 mya First Mammals

66–1 mya Land Uplifts and Forms the Gorge

56 mya Early Primates

6 mya Early Humans First Walk Upright

2.6 mya Dawn of Technology: Early

Humans Create Tools

800,000 ya Humans Control Fire

200,000 ya Humans’ Brains Rapidly Advance

12,000 ya Glaciers Advance and Retreat

(The Pleistocene Ice Age)

10,000 ya The New River Forms

0.01 mya –present Human History: Logging and Coal

Mining in the Region

Clues to the Past Fossil evidence provides clues to the plants and animals that lived in New River Gorge long before humans arrived thousands of years ago. These two fossils of Lepidodendron, or “scale trees,” date to around 220 million years ago.

The cash register is 16" W x 24"H x 20"D.

Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

60GL-04.02 MuralsScale =100%

West Virginia coal miners were regionally, internationally, and racially diverse. Workers from nearby states, African Americans from the south, and immigrants from southern and eastern Europe comprised the workforce. In 1909, African Americans alone made up 26 percent of the state’s mine workers.

17 million tonsof COAL

This 1810 map shows settlements along the New River. Although many settlers continued west to farm on flat land, some decided to stay in West Virginia. Farming was not easy here, but the rugged mountaineers that endured came to define the region.

What Brought People Here?

After miners extracted coal from underground, workers cooked some of it in large ovens to burn out impurities, creating coke. This carbon byproduct is fuel for the iron and steel industries.

Coal miners worked in cramped, dangerous conditions, some so tight they had to crawl to access the coal seam. They faced constant threats of explosion, roof collapse, fire, or electrocution. Despite these dangers, miners produced millions of tons of coal from New River Gorge coal mines, 17 million at the Kaymoor mines alone from 1900 to 1962.

While the New River Gorge provided resources needed for a developing nation, the extraction of coal and timber from this region impacted the landscape.

After years of industrial use, the landscape has regenerated.

The Bluestone, Gauley, and New Rivers comprise one of the oldest river systems on Earth. New River Gorge is the longest and deepest in the Appalachian Region.

what shaped the gorge?

The f irst people arrived here 14,000 years ago. Paleo-Indians used distinctive spearpoints to hunt animals. For thousands of years thereafter, people hunted and gathered resources from the bountiful gorge.

Some Native Americans farmed the lands along the New River.

Railroads supported the coal and lumber industries, transporting goods and offering access to new locations.

Towns like Hamlet, depicted here, flourished as lumber mills boomed. By the 1930s, logging had depleted the forests, leading to the closure of the mills.

William Richmond gifted this tract of land to his daughter, Mary Richmond Trump, in 1888. Mary built what is thought to be the first homestead on the site. The Trump-Lilly and Richmond- Hamilton farms near Sandstone Falls represent farming for early settlers in the 1800s.

explore!

Trump-Lilly Farm

Sandstone Falls is the largest waterfall on the New River and marks a transition from wide, calm waters to a narrow, fast-flowing river through the gorge. Your journey to the falls from this visitor center will take you through some of the most scenic routes in the park.

explore!

Sandstone Falls

The vast exposed cliffs of New River Gorge contain a uniquely hard sandstone comprised of 98 percent quartz. Visit Endless Wall Trail to experience this unique geologic feature for yourself.

explore!

Nuttall Sandstone Cliffs

What

Over millions of years, natural forces changed this landscape. As mountains rose, water drained down the slopes. These mountains slowly eroded, but the water remained, eventually forming the ancestral Teays River. This river continued to cut across the landscape as the next mountains rose. A melting-glacial ice sheet from the north influenced this river’s path at the end of the last ice age. Now known as the New River, this waterway continues to shape this part of the Appalachian Mountains.

Shaped the Gorge?

Peoples of the Paleoindian through early historic periods lived in this area.

Prehistoric peoples create the first Clovis points to hunt mammoth, mastodon, and other Ice Age creatures.

Europeans settle in the lower New River region.

Jacob Smith settles Quinnimont for subsistence farming along a rich, fertile river bottom section of the New River.

John Nuttall opens mines at Nuttallburg.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) is completed along the river corridor.

Colonel Joseph Beury ships the first load of “New River Smokeless Coal” from Quinnimont on the C&O Railroad.

Crews complete a railroad bridge across the New River at Thurmond.

Mother Jones is jailed for leading union strikes at the age of 71.

McKendree Hospital began a nursing school that offered one of few career opportunities for women at that time.

Mother Jones is jailed again for leading union strikes at the age of 82.

Henry Ford purchases mines in Nuttallburg to provide coal for his company’s steel mills.

Building of the Hawk’s Nest tunnel leads the death of an estimated 700-2,000 men, mostly African Americans.

Many businesses are forced to close during the Great Depression.

The C&O Railway changes from steam to diesel locomotives, leaving many railyard jobs obsolete in towns like Thurmond and Hinton.

Most coal towns are abandoned following the closing of the mines they were built to support.

Last operating coal mine in the gorge at Kaymoor closes.

New River Gorge Bridge is completed on October 22, 1977.

The U.S. Congress establishes New River Gorge National River in southern West Virginia.

First whitewater rafting industry opens in the gorge.

New River Gorge celebrates the first official Bridge Day.

The U.S. Congress establishes Bluestone National Scenic River and Gauley River National Recreation Area.

14,000 years ago – 1640 AD 11,000 years ago 1671 - 1750s 1827 18731872 1889 1902 1910 1913 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1961 1968 1977 1978 1980 1988

Human History in the Gorge

What

The New River connects people through time.

Water carved the gorge, providing a corridor for Native Americans to access the region.

Later loggers, coal miners, and other historic inhabitants also followed the river into the gorge. Abundant natural resources enticed them to stay. After workers completed the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway in 1873, industrial towns boomed and fueled the growing nation.

Brought People Here?

A O

R ep or t, P ag e

A O

-0 4.

-1

C an ar y C ag e

A cc

W oo d Ty pe

N ew

R iv er G or ge

N at io na l R iv er S ou rc e:

C as e:

D is pl ay

N ot es

6.

in H ei gh t W id th x D ep th x U ni ts

D im en si on s:

B an k of

G le n Je an C ur at io n

Fa ci lit y, st

F lo or Lo ca tio n:

A O

-0 4.

-1

Sh ov el

M ix ed M at er ia ls

Ty pe

N ew R iv er

G or ge N at io na l R iv er

S ou rc e:

C as e:

D is pl ay

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.2 in

H ei gh t

W id th x

D ep th x

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F lo or Lo ca tio n:

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-0 4.

-1

Ta m pe r R od

M ix ed M at er ia ls

Ty pe

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S ou rc e:

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.5 in

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U ni ts D im en si on s:

C an yo n

R im

V is ito r C en te r Lo ca tio n:

6/

/2

N ew R iv er

G or ge N at io na l R iv er

How much coal did miners remove from

Kaymoor mines?

Mining towns flourished as people rushed to the area. John Nuttall founded Nuttallburg in 1870 to mine “smokeless” coal hidden in the gorge. Henry Ford later leased the mines in 1920 to fuel his automobile manufacturing facilities. Production ceased in 1958, but you can visit the site today.

explore!

Nuttallburg mine site

220 mya Pangea Breaks Apart

220–66 mya

Mining in the Region

Clues to the Past Fossil evidence provides clues to the plants and animals that lived in New River Gorge long before humans arrived thousands of years ago. These two fossils of Lepidodendron, or “scale trees,” date to around 220 million years ago.

Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

61GL-04.02-200Scale =27% (60" x 10")

Continents Collide Swamps Form Land Erodes Mountains Arise Gorge is Carved Continents Collide swamps Form land erodes mountains arise GorGe is Carved

West Virginia’s geologic story begins over 300 million years ago, when Earth had only one continent—Pangea. As Pangea separated, continents collided and mountains formed.

Water shaped this region over millions of years. Explore these scenes to learn about key moments in this region’s geologic past.

The first Appalachian Mountains uplifted as the African and American continents collided around 300 million years ago.

Water flowed from the mountains and collected in the land below, forming vast swamps rich in prehistoric plants.

Flowing water eroded the original mountains, depositing sediment in the lowlands. The Teays River ran across this flattened landscape.

A second period of uplift formed the present-day Appalachian Mountains and altered the course of the Teays River.

The Teays River evolved into the New River, which continues to carve and shape New River Gorge today.

Local Geology

COLOR, PAINTED RELIEF

ON HARDENED, SEALED SIGNFOAM

(CNC CUT OR CARVED RELIEF)

RAISED LETTERS

AND BRAILLE

CE-04.02-200 CE-04.02-210 CE-04.02-220 CE-04.02-230 CE-04.02-240

heat + pressure over time

P R O J E C T:

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, Canyon Rim Visitor Center Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

62GL-04.02-400, 410, 420Scale =46% (12" x 10" instructions)

Push the knob down to slowly compress the plant material into coal.

Coal formation begins as bacteria break down plant remains on Earth’s surface. As decaying plants slowly bury these materials, new bacteria transform it into a black organic mass over time.

Deposits of sediment eventually cover this muck.

Millions of years of pressure and heat condense it into coal.

How Does Coal Form? K N

O B

P U

S H

E D

D O

W N

A N

D B

A C

K G

R A

P H

IC

R

E V

E A

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IC

W

IT

H

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LA

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E D

G E

S

Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

63GL-04.02-405Scale =100% (6.5" x 3")

Coal and Coke

Miners extract raw coal from the earth, as shown on the left. Workers heat this coal in ovens to remove impurities, forming the coke on the right.

Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

64GL-04.03-100Scale = 40% (24" dia.)

West Virginia coal miners were regionally, internationally, and racially diverse. Workers from nearby states, African Americans from the south, and immigrants from southern and eastern Europe comprised the workforce. In 1909, African Americans alone made up 26 percent of the state’s mine workers.

17 million tonsof COAL

This 1810 map shows settlements along the New River. Although many settlers continued west to farm on flat land, some decided to stay in West Virginia. Farming was not easy here, but the rugged mountaineers that endured came to define the region.

What Brought People Here?

After miners extracted coal from underground, workers cooked some of it in large ovens to burn out impurities, creating coke. This carbon byproduct is fuel for the iron and steel industries.

Coal miners worked in cramped, dangerous conditions, some so tight they had to crawl to access the coal seam. They faced constant threats of explosion, roof collapse, fire, or electrocution. Despite these dangers, miners produced millions of tons of coal from New River Gorge coal mines, 17 million at the Kaymoor mines alone from 1900 to 1962.

While the New River Gorge provided resources needed for a developing nation, the extraction of coal and timber from this region impacted the landscape.

After years of industrial use, the landscape has regenerated.

The Bluestone, Gauley, and New Rivers comprise one of the oldest river systems on Earth. New River Gorge is the longest and deepest in the Appalachian Region.

what shaped the gorge?

The f irst people arrived here 14,000 years ago. Paleo-Indians used distinctive spearpoints to hunt animals. For thousands of years thereafter, people hunted and gathered resources from the bountiful gorge.

Some Native Americans farmed the lands along the New River.

Railroads supported the coal and lumber industries, transporting goods and offering access to new locations.

Towns like Hamlet, depicted here, flourished as lumber mills boomed. By the 1930s, logging had depleted the forests, leading to the closure of the mills.

William Richmond gifted this tract of land to his daughter, Mary Richmond Trump, in 1888. Mary built what is thought to be the first homestead on the site. The Trump-Lilly and Richmond- Hamilton farms near Sandstone Falls represent farming for early settlers in the 1800s.

explore!

Trump-Lilly Farm

Sandstone Falls is the largest waterfall on the New River and marks a transition from wide, calm waters to a narrow, fast-flowing river through the gorge. Your journey to the falls from this visitor center will take you through some of the most scenic routes in the park.

explore!

Sandstone Falls

The vast exposed cliffs of New River Gorge contain a uniquely hard sandstone comprised of 98 percent quartz. Visit Endless Wall Trail to experience this unique geologic feature for yourself.

explore!

Nuttall Sandstone Cliffs

What

Over millions of years, natural forces changed this landscape. As mountains rose, water drained down the slopes. These mountains slowly eroded, but the water remained, eventually forming the ancestral Teays River. This river continued to cut across the landscape as the next mountains rose. A melting-glacial ice sheet from the north influenced this river’s path at the end of the last ice age. Now known as the New River, this waterway continues to shape this part of the Appalachian Mountains.

Shaped the Gorge?

Peoples of the Paleoindian through early historic periods lived in this area.

Prehistoric peoples create the first Clovis points to hunt mammoth, mastodon, and other Ice Age creatures.

Europeans settle in the lower New River region.

Jacob Smith settles Quinnimont for subsistence farming along a rich, fertile river bottom section of the New River.

John Nuttall opens mines at Nuttallburg.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) is completed along the river corridor.

Colonel Joseph Beury ships the first load of “New River Smokeless Coal” from Quinnimont on the C&O Railroad.

Crews complete a railroad bridge across the New River at Thurmond.

Mother Jones is jailed for leading union strikes at the age of 71.

McKendree Hospital began a nursing school that offered one of few career opportunities for women at that time.

Mother Jones is jailed again for leading union strikes at the age of 82.

Henry Ford purchases mines in Nuttallburg to provide coal for his company’s steel mills.

Building of the Hawk’s Nest tunnel leads the death of an estimated 700-2,000 men, mostly African Americans.

Many businesses are forced to close during the Great Depression.

The C&O Railway changes from steam to diesel locomotives, leaving many railyard jobs obsolete in towns like Thurmond and Hinton.

Most coal towns are abandoned following the closing of the mines they were built to support.

Last operating coal mine in the gorge at Kaymoor closes.

New River Gorge Bridge is completed on October 22, 1977.

The U.S. Congress establishes New River Gorge National River in southern West Virginia.

First whitewater rafting industry opens in the gorge.

New River Gorge celebrates the first official Bridge Day.

The U.S. Congress establishes Bluestone National Scenic River and Gauley River National Recreation Area.

14,000 years ago – 1640 AD 11,000 years ago 1671 - 1750s 1827 18731872 1889 1902 1910 1913 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1961 1968 1977 1978 1980 1988

Human History in the Gorge

What

The New River connects people through time.

Water carved the gorge, providing a corridor for Native Americans to access the region.

Later loggers, coal miners, and other historic inhabitants also followed the river into the gorge. Abundant natural resources enticed them to stay. After workers completed the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway in 1873, industrial towns boomed and fueled the growing nation.

Brought People Here?

A O

R ep or t, P ag e

A O

-0 4.

-1

C an ar y C ag e

A cc

W oo d Ty pe

N ew

R iv er G or ge

N at io na l R iv er S ou rc e:

C as e:

D is pl ay

N ot es

6.

in H ei gh t W id th x D ep th x U ni ts

D im en si on s:

B an k of

G le n Je an C ur at io n

Fa ci lit y, st

F lo or Lo ca tio n:

A O

-0 4.

-1

Sh ov el

M ix ed M at er ia ls

Ty pe

N ew R iv er

G or ge N at io na l R iv er

S ou rc e:

C as e:

D is pl ay

N ot es

.2 in

H ei gh t

W id th x

D ep th x

U ni ts D im en si on s:

B an k of

G le n Je an C ur at io n

Fa ci lit y, st

F lo or Lo ca tio n:

A O

-0 4.

-1

Ta m pe r R od

M ix ed M at er ia ls

Ty pe

N ew R iv er

G or ge N at io na l R iv er

S ou rc e:

C as e:

D is pl ay

N ot es

0.

.5 in

H ei gh t

W id th x

D ep th x

U ni ts D im en si on s:

B an k of

G le n Je an C ur at io n

Fa ci lit y, st

F lo or Lo ca tio n:

A O

-0 4.

-1

H an d

A ug er M et al

Ty pe

N ew R iv er

G or ge N at io na l R iv er

S ou rc e:

C as e:

D is pl ay

N ot es in

H ei gh t

W id th x

D ep th x

U ni ts D im en si on s:

C an yo n

R im

V is ito r C en te r Lo ca tio n:

6/

/2

N ew R iv er

G or ge N at io na l R iv er

How much coal did miners remove from

Kaymoor mines?

Mining towns flourished as people rushed to the area. John Nuttall founded Nuttallburg in 1870 to mine “smokeless” coal hidden in the gorge. Henry Ford later leased the mines in 1920 to fuel his automobile manufacturing facilities. Production ceased in 1958, but you can visit the site today.

explore!

Nuttallburg mine site

220 mya Pangea Breaks Apart

220–66 mya

Mining in the Region

Clues to the Past Fossil evidence provides clues to the plants and animals that lived in New River Gorge long before humans arrived thousands of years ago. These two fossils of Lepidodendron, or “scale trees,” date to around 220 million years ago.

Mining towns flourished as people rushed to the area. John Nuttall founded Nuttallburg in 1870 to mine “smokeless” coal hidden in the gorge.

Henry Ford later leased the mine in 1920 to fuel his automobile manufacturing facilities. Production ceased in 1958, but you can visit the site today.

explore!

Nuttallburg mine site

P R O J E C T:

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, Canyon Rim Visitor Center Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

65GL-04.03-900Scale = 80%

Discover a classic boomtown and train depot (open seasonally) at Thurmond Historic District. At its peak in the early 1900s, Thurmond served nearly 76,000 passengers each year. Enjoy an out-side walking tour of the town, including remnants of the National Bank of Thurmond, passenger depot, and other buildings along commercial row.

explore!

Thurmond Historic District

P R O J E C T:

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, Canyon Rim Visitor Center Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

66GL-04.03-910Scale = 80% explore!

African American Heritage Driving Tour

Visit 17 historic sites as you discover stories of the many Black miners, railroad workers and community members that helped build and shape this region. Ask at front desk for more information.

P R O J E C T:

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, Canyon Rim Visitor Center Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

67GL-04.03-920Scale = 80%

William Richmond gifted this tract of land to his daughter, Mary Richmond Trump, in 1888. Mary built what is thought to be the first homestead on the site. The Trump-Lilly and Richmond- Hamilton farms near Sandstone Falls represent farming for early settlers in the 1800s.

explore!

Trump-Lilly Farm

P R O J E C T:

New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, Canyon Rim Visitor Center Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

68GL-04.03-930Scale = 80%

Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

69Image CaptionScale = 100%

West Virginia coal miners were regionally, internationally, and racially diverse. Workers from nearby states, African Americans from the south, and immigrants from southern and eastern Europe comprised the workforce. In 1909, African Americans alone made up 26 percent of the state’s mine workers.

17 million tonsof COAL

This 1810 map shows settlements along the New River. Although many settlers continued west to farm on flat land, some decided to stay in West Virginia. Farming was not easy here, but the rugged mountaineers that endured came to define the region.

What Brought People Here?

After miners extracted coal from underground, workers cooked some of it in large ovens to burn out impurities, creating coke. This carbon byproduct is fuel for the iron and steel industries.

Coal miners worked in cramped, dangerous conditions, some so tight they had to crawl to access the coal seam. They faced constant threats of explosion, roof collapse, fire, or electrocution. Despite these dangers, miners produced millions of tons of coal from New River Gorge coal mines, 17 million at the Kaymoor mines alone from 1900 to 1962.

While the New River Gorge provided resources needed for a developing nation, the extraction of coal and timber from this region impacted the landscape.

After years of industrial use, the landscape has regenerated.

The Bluestone, Gauley, and New Rivers comprise one of the oldest river systems on Earth. New River Gorge is the longest and deepest in the Appalachian Region.

what shaped the gorge?

The f irst people arrived here 14,000 years ago. Paleo-Indians used distinctive spearpoints to hunt animals. For thousands of years thereafter, people hunted and gathered resources from the bountiful gorge.

Some Native Americans farmed the lands along the New River.

Railroads supported the coal and lumber industries, transporting goods and offering access to new locations.

Towns like Hamlet, depicted here, flourished as lumber mills boomed. By the 1930s, logging had depleted the forests, leading to the closure of the mills.

William Richmond gifted this tract of land to his daughter, Mary Richmond Trump, in 1888. Mary built what is thought to be the first homestead on the site. The Trump-Lilly and Richmond- Hamilton farms near Sandstone Falls represent farming for early settlers in the 1800s.

explore!

Trump-Lilly Farm

Sandstone Falls is the largest waterfall on the New River and marks a transition from wide, calm waters to a narrow, fast-flowing river through the gorge. Your journey to the falls from this visitor center will take you through some of the most scenic routes in the park.

explore!

Sandstone Falls

The vast exposed cliffs of New River Gorge contain a uniquely hard sandstone comprised of 98 percent quartz. Visit Endless Wall Trail to experience this unique geologic feature for yourself.

explore!

Nuttall Sandstone Cliffs

What

Over millions of years, natural forces changed this landscape. As mountains rose, water drained down the slopes. These mountains slowly eroded, but the water remained, eventually forming the ancestral Teays River. This river continued to cut across the landscape as the next mountains rose. A melting-glacial ice sheet from the north influenced this river’s path at the end of the last ice age. Now known as the New River, this waterway continues to shape this part of the Appalachian Mountains.

Shaped the Gorge?

Peoples of the Paleoindian through early historic periods lived in this area.

Prehistoric peoples create the first Clovis points to hunt mammoth, mastodon, and other Ice Age creatures.

Europeans settle in the lower New River region.

Jacob Smith settles Quinnimont for subsistence farming along a rich, fertile river bottom section of the New River.

John Nuttall opens mines at Nuttallburg.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) is completed along the river corridor.

Colonel Joseph Beury ships the first load of “New River Smokeless Coal” from Quinnimont on the C&O Railroad.

Crews complete a railroad bridge across the New River at Thurmond.

Mother Jones is jailed for leading union strikes at the age of 71.

McKendree Hospital began a nursing school that offered one of few career opportunities for women at that time.

Mother Jones is jailed again for leading union strikes at the age of 82.

Henry Ford purchases mines in Nuttallburg to provide coal for his company’s steel mills.

Building of the Hawk’s Nest tunnel leads the death of an estimated 700-2,000 men, mostly African Americans.

Many businesses are forced to close during the Great Depression.

The C&O Railway changes from steam to diesel locomotives, leaving many railyard jobs obsolete in towns like Thurmond and Hinton.

Most coal towns are abandoned following the closing of the mines they were built to support.

Last operating coal mine in the gorge at Kaymoor closes.

New River Gorge Bridge is completed on October 22, 1977.

The U.S. Congress establishes New River Gorge National River in southern West Virginia.

First whitewater rafting industry opens in the gorge.

New River Gorge celebrates the first official Bridge Day.

The U.S. Congress establishes Bluestone National Scenic River and Gauley River National Recreation Area.

14,000 years ago – 1640 AD 11,000 years ago 1671 - 1750s 1827 18731872 1889 1902 1910 1913 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1961 1968 1977 1978 1980 1988

Human History in the Gorge

What

The New River connects people through time.

Water carved the gorge, providing a corridor for Native Americans to access the region.

Later loggers, coal miners, and other historic inhabitants also followed the river into the gorge. Abundant natural resources enticed them to stay. After workers completed the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway in 1873, industrial towns boomed and fueled the growing nation.

Brought People Here?

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N ew R iv er

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How much coal did miners remove from

Kaymoor mines?

Mining towns flourished as people rushed to the area. John Nuttall founded Nuttallburg in 1870 to mine “smokeless” coal hidden in the gorge. Henry Ford later leased the mines in 1920 to fuel his automobile manufacturing facilities. Production ceased in 1958, but you can visit the site today.

explore!

Nuttallburg mine site

220 mya Pangea Breaks Apart

220–66 mya

Mining in the Region

Clues to the Past Fossil evidence provides clues to the plants and animals that lived in New River Gorge long before humans arrived thousands of years ago. These two fossils of Lepidodendron, or “scale trees,” date to around 220 million years ago.

Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

70Image CaptionScale = 100%

West Virginia coal miners were regionally, internationally, and racially diverse. Workers from nearby states, African Americans from the south, and immigrants from southern and eastern Europe comprised the workforce. In 1909, African Americans alone made up 26 percent of the state’s mine workers.

17 million tonsof COAL

This 1810 map shows settlements along the New River. Although many settlers continued west to farm on flat land, some decided to stay in West Virginia. Farming was not easy here, but the rugged mountaineers that endured came to define the region.

What Brought People Here?

After miners extracted coal from underground, workers cooked some of it in large ovens to burn out impurities, creating coke. This carbon byproduct is fuel for the iron and steel industries.

Coal miners worked in cramped, dangerous conditions, some so tight they had to crawl to access the coal seam. They faced constant threats of explosion, roof collapse, fire, or electrocution. Despite these dangers, miners produced millions of tons of coal from New River Gorge coal mines, 17 million at the Kaymoor mines alone from 1900 to 1962.

While the New River Gorge provided resources needed for a developing nation, the extraction of coal and timber from this region impacted the landscape.

After years of industrial use, the landscape has regenerated.

The Bluestone, Gauley, and New Rivers comprise one of the oldest river systems on Earth. New River Gorge is the longest and deepest in the Appalachian Region.

what shaped the gorge?

The f irst people arrived here 14,000 years ago. Paleo-Indians used distinctive spearpoints to hunt animals. For thousands of years thereafter, people hunted and gathered resources from the bountiful gorge.

Some Native Americans farmed the lands along the New River.

Railroads supported the coal and lumber industries, transporting goods and offering access to new locations.

Towns like Hamlet, depicted here, flourished as lumber mills boomed. By the 1930s, logging had depleted the forests, leading to the closure of the mills.

William Richmond gifted this tract of land to his daughter, Mary Richmond Trump, in 1888. Mary built what is thought to be the first homestead on the site. The Trump-Lilly and Richmond- Hamilton farms near Sandstone Falls represent farming for early settlers in the 1800s.

explore!

Trump-Lilly Farm

Sandstone Falls is the largest waterfall on the New River and marks a transition from wide, calm waters to a narrow, fast-flowing river through the gorge. Your journey to the falls from this visitor center will take you through some of the most scenic routes in the park.

explore!

Sandstone Falls

The vast exposed cliffs of New River Gorge contain a uniquely hard sandstone comprised of 98 percent quartz. Visit Endless Wall Trail to experience this unique geologic feature for yourself.

explore!

Nuttall Sandstone Cliffs

What

Over millions of years, natural forces changed this landscape. As mountains rose, water drained down the slopes. These mountains slowly eroded, but the water remained, eventually forming the ancestral Teays River. This river continued to cut across the landscape as the next mountains rose. A melting-glacial ice sheet from the north influenced this river’s path at the end of the last ice age. Now known as the New River, this waterway continues to shape this part of the Appalachian Mountains.

Shaped the Gorge?

Peoples of the Paleoindian through early historic periods lived in this area.

Prehistoric peoples create the first Clovis points to hunt mammoth, mastodon, and other Ice Age creatures.

Europeans settle in the lower New River region.

Jacob Smith settles Quinnimont for subsistence farming along a rich, fertile river bottom section of the New River.

John Nuttall opens mines at Nuttallburg.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) is completed along the river corridor.

Colonel Joseph Beury ships the first load of “New River Smokeless Coal” from Quinnimont on the C&O Railroad.

Crews complete a railroad bridge across the New River at Thurmond.

Mother Jones is jailed for leading union strikes at the age of 71.

McKendree Hospital began a nursing school that offered one of few career opportunities for women at that time.

Mother Jones is jailed again for leading union strikes at the age of 82.

Henry Ford purchases mines in Nuttallburg to provide coal for his company’s steel mills.

Building of the Hawk’s Nest tunnel leads the death of an estimated 700-2,000 men, mostly African Americans.

Many businesses are forced to close during the Great Depression.

The C&O Railway changes from steam to diesel locomotives, leaving many railyard jobs obsolete in towns like Thurmond and Hinton.

Most coal towns are abandoned following the closing of the mines they were built to support.

Last operating coal mine in the gorge at Kaymoor closes.

New River Gorge Bridge is completed on October 22, 1977.

The U.S. Congress establishes New River Gorge National River in southern West Virginia.

First whitewater rafting industry opens in the gorge.

New River Gorge celebrates the first official Bridge Day.

The U.S. Congress establishes Bluestone National Scenic River and Gauley River National Recreation Area.

14,000 years ago – 1640 AD 11,000 years ago 1671 - 1750s 1827 18731872 1889 1902 1910 1913 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1961 1968 1977 1978 1980 1988

Human History in the Gorge

What

The New River connects people through time.

Water carved the gorge, providing a corridor for Native Americans to access the region.

Later loggers, coal miners, and other historic inhabitants also followed the river into the gorge. Abundant natural resources enticed them to stay. After workers completed the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway in 1873, industrial towns boomed and fueled the growing nation.

Brought People Here?

A O

R ep or t, P ag e

A O

-0 4.

-1

C an ar y C ag e

A cc

W oo d Ty pe

N ew

R iv er G or ge

N at io na l R iv er S ou rc e:

C as e:

D is pl ay

N ot es

6.

in H ei gh t W id th x D ep th x U ni ts

D im en si on s:

B an k of

G le n Je an C ur at io n

Fa ci lit y, st

F lo or Lo ca tio n:

A O

-0 4.

-1

Sh ov el

M ix ed M at er ia ls

Ty pe

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H ei gh t

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C an yo n

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V is ito r C en te r Lo ca tio n:

6/

/2

N ew R iv er

G or ge N at io na l R iv er

How much coal did miners remove from

Kaymoor mines?

Mining towns flourished as people rushed to the area. John Nuttall founded Nuttallburg in 1870 to mine “smokeless” coal hidden in the gorge. Henry Ford later leased the mines in 1920 to fuel his automobile manufacturing facilities. Production ceased in 1958, but you can visit the site today.

explore!

Nuttallburg mine site

220 mya Pangea Breaks Apart

220–66 mya

Mining in the Region

Clues to the Past Fossil evidence provides clues to the plants and animals that lived in New River Gorge long before humans arrived thousands of years ago. These two fossils of Lepidodendron, or “scale trees,” date to around 220 million years ago.

Exhibit Planning & Design

G R A P H I C S :S C A L E :P H A S E :

© T H E D E S I G N M I N D S , I N C .

PDI

March 10, 2021

71Image CaptionScale = 100%

West Virginia coal miners were regionally, internationally, and racially diverse. Workers from nearby states, African Americans from the south, and immigrants from southern and eastern Europe comprised the workforce. In 1909, African Americans alone made up 26 percent of the state’s mine workers.

17 million tonsof COAL

This 1810 map shows settlements along the New River. Although many settlers continued west to farm on flat land, some decided to stay in West Virginia. Farming was not easy here, but the rugged mountaineers that endured came to define the region.

What Brought People Here?

After miners extracted coal from underground, workers cooked some of it in large ovens to burn out impurities, creating coke. This carbon byproduct is fuel for the iron and steel industries.

Coal miners worked in cramped, dangerous conditions, some so tight they had to crawl to access the coal seam. They faced constant threats of explosion, roof collapse, fire, or electrocution. Despite these dangers, miners produced millions of tons of coal from New River Gorge coal mines, 17 million at the Kaymoor mines alone from 1900 to 1962.

While the New River Gorge provided resources needed for a developing nation, the extraction of coal and timber from this region impacted the landscape.

After years of industrial use, the landscape has regenerated.

The Bluestone, Gauley, and New Rivers comprise one of the oldest river systems on Earth. New River Gorge is the longest and deepest in the Appalachian Region.

what shaped the gorge?

The f irst people arrived here 14,000 years ago. Paleo-Indians used distinctive spearpoints to hunt animals. For thousands of years thereafter, people hunted and gathered resources from the bountiful gorge.

Some Native Americans farmed the lands along the New River.

Railroads supported the coal and lumber industries, transporting goods and offering access to new locations.

Towns like Hamlet, depicted here, flourished as lumber mills boomed. By the 1930s, logging had depleted the forests, leading to the closure of the mills.

William Richmond gifted this tract of land to his daughter, Mary Richmond Trump, in 1888. Mary built what is thought to be the first homestead on the site. The Trump-Lilly and Richmond- Hamilton farms near Sandstone Falls represent farming for early settlers in the 1800s.

explore!

Trump-Lilly Farm

Sandstone Falls is the largest waterfall on the New River and marks a transition from wide, calm waters to a narrow, fast-flowing river through the gorge. Your journey to the falls from this visitor center will take you through some of the most scenic routes in the park.

explore!

Sandstone Falls

The vast exposed cliffs of New River Gorge contain a uniquely hard sandstone comprised of 98 percent quartz. Visit Endless Wall Trail to experience this unique geologic feature for yourself.

explore!

Nuttall Sandstone Cliffs

What

Over millions of years, natural forces changed this landscape. As mountains rose, water drained down the slopes. These mountains slowly eroded, but the water remained, eventually forming the ancestral Teays River. This river continued to cut across the landscape as the next mountains rose. A melting-glacial ice sheet from the north influenced this river’s path at the end of the last ice age. Now known as the New River, this waterway continues to shape this part of the Appalachian Mountains.

Shaped the Gorge?

Peoples of the Paleoindian through early historic periods lived in this area.

Prehistoric peoples create the first Clovis points to hunt mammoth, mastodon, and other Ice Age creatures.

Europeans settle in the lower New River region.

Jacob Smith settles Quinnimont for subsistence farming along a rich, fertile river bottom section of the New River.

John Nuttall opens mines at Nuttallburg.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) is completed along the river corridor.

Colonel Joseph Beury ships the first load of “New River Smokeless Coal” from Quinnimont on the C&O Railroad.

Crews complete a railroad bridge across the New River at Thurmond.

Mother Jones is jailed for leading union strikes at the age of 71.

McKendree Hospital began a nursing school that offered one of few career opportunities for women at that time.

Mother Jones is jailed again for leading union strikes at the age of 82.

Henry Ford purchases mines in Nuttallburg to provide coal for his company’s steel mills.

Building of the Hawk’s Nest tunnel leads the death of an estimated 700-2,000 men, mostly African Americans.

Many businesses are forced to close during the Great Depression.

The C&O Railway changes from steam to diesel locomotives, leaving many railyard jobs obsolete in towns like Thurmond and Hinton.

Most coal towns are abandoned following the closing of the mines they were built to support.

Last operating coal mine in the gorge at Kaymoor closes.

New River Gorge Bridge is completed on October 22, 1977.

The U.S. Congress establishes New River Gorge National River in southern West Virginia.

First whitewater rafting industry opens in the gorge.

New River Gorge celebrates the first official Bridge Day.

The U.S. Congress establishes Bluestone National Scenic River and Gauley River National Recreation Area.

14,000 years ago – 1640 AD 11,000 years ago 1671 - 1750s 1827 18731872 1889 1902 1910 1913 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1961 1968 1977 1978 1980 1988

Human History in the Gorge

What

The New River connects people through time.

Water carved the gorge, providing a corridor for Native Americans to access the region.

Later loggers, coal miners, and other historic inhabitants also followed the river into the gorge.