Attachment_12_PECO_VC_Reference_Package_April_2021.pdf

Pecos National Historical Park Pecos Visitor Center | Pecos, New Mexico

April 2021

Attachment 12, PECO VC Reference Package

SDII DDI PRE-PROD PRODUCTIONSDI DDII PD2

REFERENCES

CE-1-000 LAND ANCHOR GROUNDFORMS

FLORA SILHOUETTES

To further ground the story in a firm sense of place, various native/local flora are to be rendered in stylized two-dimensional silhouette and placed throughout the exhibit space. These add dimensionality and visual interest, and serve as a brief orientation to natural resources found outside in the landscape.

Artist recreation of plant forms of the items listed on this page; see the design package for further details on proposed location of each plant.

Tree/Cane Cholla (Cylindropuntia imbricata)

(ABOVE)

Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia spp.)

Multiple species are in the park and they can be difficult to distinguish from one another without fruit.

The most prevalent species along the Pueblo Trail is likely Opuntia phaeacantha. It was identified along the trail in 2017 and is listed in the PECO Flowering Plant Project.

Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis)

One-Seed Juniper (Juniperus monosperma) Pinyon Pine (Pinus edulis)

Though a silhouette of the whole tree might be hard to identify as a pinyon pine, a close-up silhouette of a branch with needles and cones would be more easily identifiable.

James’ Penstemon (Penstemon jamesii)

Whole-leaf Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja integra)Great Plains / Soapweed Yucca (Yucca glauca) Banana Yucca (Yucca baccata)

CE-1-100 TACTILE PUEBLO MODEL

Visitors explore the Pecos Pueblo site in this tactile model. We lay out the North and South Pueblos, remains of the 1717 church and footprint of the 1625 church, and include Glorieta Creek as a geographic marker, and modern markers (Visitor Center, modern trail) as a means to orient visitors to the park’s most important resource and emphasize its placement within a specific geographic context.

The model should highlight broad architectural features, as well as topography of the area. Key items to highlight include:

• Area topography—exaggerate the mesilla elevation in order to make its rise understandable to users

• North and South Pueblos, and defensive walls

• 1717 church, and foundation of the 1625 church

[NOTE: 1625 church is shown in the drawings on this page. Fabricator to work with park to establish final loction of 1717 church.]

• Location of Convento, Estancia, Corrals (as dots)

• Glorieta Creek

• Direction(s) of crop fields

• Visitor Center and “You Are Here”, as well as path of the walking trail. Both should be a different color and texture to denote them as contemporary features as opposed to the others.

• Scale and Compass Rose

Dimensions: As noted in drawings package.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: Hard resin, color 3D model.

(RIGHT) SITE MAP

This site plan calls out the features to be included in the model.

(ABOVE) CHURCH AND CONVENTO FOCUS

A site plan of the Pecos Church and Convento. The model should reflect both the 1670s and 1770s footprints, the latter of which may be seen on the landscape today.

CE-1-100 TACTILE PUEBLO MODEL (CONT.)

(ABOVE) Artist reconstruction by Moorehead showing the North (foreground) and South Pueblo as the park wants them to appear in the model. Disregard the smaller structures near the North and South Pueblo.

(ABOVE) Plan of the 1625 and 1717 church.

The 1717 church us shown in black. Arrows show exterior of 1625 church foundation.

(ABOVE) South Pueblo- excavated north half;

shows the width/number of rooms along east-west axis (north is left end of map).

CE-1-100 TACTILE PUEBLO MODEL (CONT.)

Glorieta

Honey Boy Ranch

McClure Reservoir

North San Ysidro

Lower Colonias

Rosilla Peak

RoweBull Canyon

Pecos

ADJOINING 7.5' QUADRANGLES

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

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PECOS QUADRANGLE

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PECOS, NM

ROAD CLASSIFICATION

Check with local Forest Service unit for current travel conditions and restrictions.

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North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84). Projection and 1 000-meter grid: Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 13S

Produced by the United States Geological Survey

10 000-foot ticks: New Mexico Coordinate System of 1983 (east and central zones)

This map is not a legal document. Boundaries may be generalized for this map scale. Private lands within government reservations may not be shown. Obtain permission before entering private lands.

North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84). Projection and 1 000-meter grid: Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 13S

Produced by the United States Geological Survey

10 000-foot ticks: New Mexico Coordinate System of 1983 (east and central zones)

This map is not a legal document. Boundaries may be generalized for this map scale. Private lands within government reservations may not be shown. Obtain permission before entering private lands.

Imagery...................................................NAIP, May 2011 Roads..............................................©2006-2013 TomTom Roads within US Forest Service Lands.............FSTopo Data with limited Forest Service updates, 2013 Names...............................................................GNIS, 2013 Hydrography....................National Hydrography Dataset, 2011 Contours............................National Elevation Dataset, 1999 Boundaries....................Census, IBWC, IBC, USGS, 1972 - 2012 Public Land Survey System..................................BLM, 2011

This map was produced to conform with the National Geospatial Program US Topo Product Standard, 2011.

A metadata file associated with this product is draft version 0.6.15

CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEET

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ON THIS PAGE:

Topography studies, Pecos Pueblo mesa.

CE-1-100 TACTILE PUEBLO MODEL (CONT.) Images on this page reflet the 3D model created of the pueblo and churches. Park can provide additional images and access to the 3D file.

1717 Church, looking east. Convento in the 1700s. Convento in the 1700s, North Pueblo looking south. North Pueblo looking southeast. South Pueblo and 1600s Church.

South Pueblo looking south/southeast to 1600s church. South and North Pueblos in the 1700s. South Pueblo looking northwest.

EP-1-900 INTRODUCTORY VIDEO SCREENS

A projection presentation creates a “wow” pull into the space and showcases footage of the natural landscapes and beauty of the area that surrounds Pecos Pueblo which fades into a brief introduction.

High-level interpretation draws visitors in with the rich and lasting connections between the people and the land here. Just behind the introductory structure (and visible through the translucent acrylic screen with a matte film) is the existing architectural scale pueblo model in conjunction with a new model of the entire Pecos Pueblo grounds to better showcase the entire area.

Visitors will also see the scenic Pueblo in the back of the first room. The excitement of stepping into this recreation helps pique interest and draw visitors in.

Dimensions: Projection to glass panel, 60” wide.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

NOTE: Images on this page reflect the types of landscapes, seasonality, and other inspirations that the video production should take.

CE-2-000 GROUND / WALL FORM

A slow rising mud wall emerges from the landscape, connecting the materiality of especially the early period of Pecos to the landscape from which it came.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

Imagery is for reference to the site and its soil. Photographs include built environments that post-date the era in question; note that early walls were composed of stones, mud mortar, and mud plaster.

CE-2-303 RECREATED MANO

Visitors consider the work of processing the small corn cobs for food, a staple of the Pueblo and pre-Pueblo diet. The exhibit will seek to secure the mano in order to allow visitors to hold it and feel its weight while avoiding a pinching hazard. Build to match existing mano and metate in park’s collection (see dimensions and reference photos here, park to lend physical artifacts for fabricator’s reference during production.)

Dimensions:

Original metate (PECO 532): L16.5”, W10.25”, H4” (39 lbs.)

Original mano (PECO 287): L6.25”, W 4”, H 1.25” (2 lbs.)

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: Original is stone;

fabricator to determine best material for recreation and method for securing metate to shelf, securing mano to metate, and mounting reproduction corn cob on or associated with metate.

CE-2-304 CORN RECREATION

Prop / touchable model of historically-sized corn helps visitors understand that the fruit was unlike the ears of corn we buy at the grocery store today. Affixed to the table / metate. To be modeled / based off of the existing corn cob artifact (pictured here).

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method:

To be determined by selected fabricator.

PHOTOS:

mano (top), metate (left), preferred arrangement of objects (right).

CE-2-353 PITHOUSE MODEL

Small tactile model of Pithouses provides physical access to this pre-Pueblo story at Pecos. Model should reflect how Pithouses are built below-ground, with a main room and antechamber.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: Hard resin, color 3D model.

VISUALIZATION (left):

ROBERT B. CIACCIO ILLUSTRATION

Artist’s visualization of the later configuration of the pithouse at PECO 207. People’s activities reflect the artifacts found on the floor, as seen in the plan on page 13. The women at the far left, for example, are using manos to grind maize in metates that rest on the ground.

Narrative and visualization from Archaeology Southwest Magazine, Volume 33 No. 3 (Summer 2019), “Pecos Pueblo: A Place of Persistence”, p. 15.

VISUALIZATION (right):

MESA VERDE-STYLE PITHOUSE

This reference picture reflects a Basketmaker III-era pithouse at the Mesa Verde site. While design should draw primarily from the Ciaccio illustration, we include it here for further reference.

From https://www.crowcanyon.org/ EducationProducts/peoples_mesa_ verde/basketmaker_III_housing.aspNOTE: model should include a small LED light to reflect a burning hearth, a key part of the pithouse.

BELOW: park-drawn plan view of the pithouse tactile exhibit.

RIGHT: Sketch of the park’s proposed plan view of the pithouse tactile exhibit.

CE-3-000 CEILING

Authenticity is vitally important in fabricating a convincing pueblo ceiling structure.

Dimensions: As noted in drawings package.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by fabricator.

CE-3-000 WALL FORM

The color and texture of the groundform largely remains in this exhibit, but has now established itself as a scenic wall treatment. An exposed part of the wall reveals traditional pueblo construction—stones, mud mortar, and mud plaster.

Note that interior walls of pueblo room should be two-toned—see design document for details.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

Reference to texture from extant traditional pueblo wall.

Reference to mud mortar/ plaster color and consistency. The park supplied the design team with this reference to guide the designs featured in the Design Package. The fabricator should review and follow these directions as well.

CE-3-000 CEILING (CONTINUED)

Authenticity is vitally important in fabricating a convincing pueblo ceiling structure.

Dimensions: As noted in drawings package.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by fabricator.

CE-3-250 PUEBLO MODEL ADDITIONSIM-3-010 PECOS PEOPLE CUSTOM ILLUSTRATION

The park would like to enhance its existing model with additional activity. Consider new figures that add people interacting with one another—in conversation, for example, with one person looking out of a window. Other figures may be returning from farming or hunting, carrying their harvest with them. All details should reflect the pre-Spanish pueblo (e.g., clothing, foods, etc.)

Dimensions: Figures should match existing; see drawings package for details.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: Painted ceramic, to match existing.

The park requires a new custom illustration of Pecos people, as current illustrations tend to show Pecos people as unhappy and lean—more characteristic of the end of Pecos occupation than the pueblo at its zenith of strength and influence. This illustration will be reproduced at life-size and paired with a quote, just as other illustrations are to be treated in the exhibit space.

Dimensions: See graphics/drawings package for more details.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: Oil on canvas, to match existing illustration style.

Left: image of farmers. Figure(s) should carry a basket full of maize. Top: Oscar Berninghaus, “The Rabbit Hunter” (NOTE: clothing is incorrect for this time period). Figure(s) should be carrying two hares.

Other illustrations currently in use in murals depict Pecos people as strong and capable; match this sentiment in this illustration. Use these for reference to clothing, as well.

Above: consider matching the straight-on pose as depicted above (do not include the Spanish priest). This illustration should include an adult woman, man, and at least one child.

The Pecos people should look confident; the park feels that this depiction is too stern.

CE-3-801-807 PUEBLO ROOM: PROPS (PARK PROVIDED)

Various tactile props will be added into the recreated Pueblo room to give it more vibrancy and liveliness.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package. Note that spindles, battens, and mule deer antlers should be embedded in the wall to hang objects. These should hang “haphazardly”—not like a trophy. Poles should be 2-4 inches thick and irregular (not perfectly straight or round).

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

BASKETS (3) (PARK WILL PROVIDE)

Three (3) replica baskets of various sizes should be included. The Apache ladies from the consultation have a contact for someone who could make them.

Note photo for reference—potential baskets for reference are circled in the upper right.

GOURDS (2+)

A buffalo gourd and cultivated squash should be included in the exhibit.

Note photo for reference—potential inspiration is circled in the upper left.

MANO & METATE

Lower priority—though already exists in Exhibit 2, this item may appear again in this scene.

BLANKETS & HIDES

Three rabbit hides hanging on the wall and/or laying on the floor, as noted in the circled items of this reference photo.

BOW AND ARROW (PARK WILL PROVIDE)

A replica bow and arrow must be hung up and secured. It may be made to look like this object from National Park Service, El Morro (provenience unknown). The item is described thusly:

Sinew wrapped bow and arrows. The bow is strung with sinew, and reinforced with the same material, but a crack runs crosswise through the center of the arch. Both arrows have sinew-bound feather fletching and stone points and painted red nock ends. The three-feathered arrow is known to be a replica, and it is likely the other is as well.

YUCCA SANDALS (PARK WILL PROVIDE)

Lower priority—but the park believes that Mary Weahkee from the New Mexico Office of Archaeological Studies may supply a good reference for securing these handmade props.

DIGGING STICK (PARK WILL PROVIDE)

A replica digging stick might resemble this replica crafted in 1968 from weathered wood. One end has been shaped into a blade. Image sourced from National Park Service, El Morro: https://swvirtualmuseum.nau.

edu/photos/picture.php?/4639/category/827

CE-3-801-807 PUEBLO ROOM: PROPS (TO BE ACQUIRED)

Various tactile props will be added into the recreated Pueblo room to give it more vibrancy and liveliness.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package. Note that spindles, battens, and mule deer antlers should be embedded in the wall to hang objects. These should hang “haphazardly”—not like a trophy. Poles should be 2-4 inches thick and irregular (not perfectly straight or round).

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

DIPPER GOURDS (2)

Hanging strings should be frayed and worn, suggesting use.

Ensure that the source gourd is of an appropriate species for use. Park has identified:

https://www.etsy.com/listing/489310436/vghd-dipper-gourdseedthese-get?gpla=1&gao=1& RABBIT HIDES (3)

Fabricator should determine and recommend best pest mitigration approach for hides while allowing items to remain tactile. Park has identified the following source:

https://montanaleather.com/product/rabbit-skins/?attribute_color=Dark

CE-3-800 PUEBLO ROOM: LAYOUT

Various tactile props will be added into the recreated Pueblo room to give it more vibrancy and liveliness.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package. Note that spindles, battens, and mule deer antlers should be embedded in the wall to hang objects. These should hang “haphazardly”—not like a trophy. Poles should be 2-4 inches thick and irregular (not perfectly straight or round).

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

ABOVE: park-provided sketch laying out content for the pueblo room.

FIRE PIT REFERENCE

Fire pit should measure 24 inches long by 12 inches wide—roughly rectangular, edges and floored with sandstone slabs (1 or 2). Edges are formed by setting sandstone slabs upright on their side/ends and flat on the bottom. Should stick up above the floor level two inches or less.

As with other features in the pueblo room, it is important that the fire pit and its components appear hand-hewn and imperfect.

CE-4-000 WALL FORM

The wall form continues into Exhibit 4, but with stark change: a bright whitewash should be applied to the outer portion of the wall, consistent with the 1619 church that once stood at Pecos..

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

The 17th century wall form should reflect more of a brick styling, as noted to the right.

Photograph depicts San Esteban Del Rey Mission Church in Acoma Pueblo, and is intended for reference to color only.

Cross-section of this 16th century wall reflects the more brick-based inner construction that the wall form should allude to in this exhibit area. Whereas traditional pueblo architecture used stones, Spanish construction even of this first church utilized adobe brick.

Images below from Archaeology Southwest Magazine, Volume 33 No. 3 (Summer 2019), “Pecos Pueblo: A Place of Persistence”, p. 44.

YUCCA CORDAGE

Natural, historically-accurate material should be sourced to make the rope. This yucca-based cordage is featured in a video from Southern California:

https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=YVuq0nyGRho

ROPE REFERENCE

The illustration at left (found at https:// newmexiconomad.com/the-pueblo-revolt-of-1680/) and the statue of Po’pay at the U.S. Capitol (above) may serve as a good reference to look, style, and length.

TYING REFERENCE

(BELOW)

The Indian Pueblo Cultural Center has a video posted describing the process of making yucca rope at https://indianpueblo.org/ revolt/knotted-cord/

POTS AND BLANKETS

Items should be acquired from the same source as for CE-3- 801-807, for consistency. Only a handful of props are needed here.

CE-4-750 PUEBLO REVOLT ROPE

A knotted rope, like the one used by Pueblo people to count down the days to their coordinated uprising against the Spanish, provides a tactile connection point to this dramatic story.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package

Materials and Construction Method: Natural material, such as yucca, should be sourced for the cord. Three to four knots should be tied. Multiple yucca versions should be made for replacement; or fabricator should recommend nylon for durability.

CE-4-300 ENCOMIENDA ITEMS

Props reflect the kinds of items that Pecos people labored to produce under the Encomienda system.

Dimensions: To be determined by the fabricator.

Placement: As noted in the drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: Buyout items should be treated for better durability over the object’s lifespan.

CE-4-450 TACTILE HIDES

Touchable hides are hung to connect visitors to the story of new animals introduced by the Spanish that fundamentally altered the Pecos Pueblo economy, diet, and environment.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator. Full hide may not be needed; strips ok.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: authentic props should be considered, pending review of (or mitigation for) pest infestation.

Sheep hide (approx. $250) Cow hide

Consider local sources and heritage breeds, e.g. Navajo Churro Sheep (see https://www.

navajosheepproject.org or http://www.navajo-churrosheep.com or http://www.bideaweefarm.

com/sheepskins.htm)

IM-4-901 CHURCH MURAL

The park requires a new custom illustration of the 1600s church to serve as a backdrop to the content explored in Scene 4. No existing illustration will work for the correct time period and iteration of the church desired.

Look to guidance in this Reference Package for CE-1-100 for further details on the 1600s church.

Dimensions: See graphics/drawings package for more details.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: Oil on canvas, to match existing illustration style.

The mural sample currently shown in graphics reflects the later, 1700s church. This sort of rough, simple style, however, reflects the needs of this mural. A great deal of content is layered against this scene, so detail is not required. The correct shape and character of the church is essential, however.

Black-and-white illustrations used in previous wayside graphics depict the look of the original 1600s church.

CE-5-200 CHURCH MODEL ADDITIONS

The park would like to enhance its existing model with additional activity. Consider new figures such as a Catholic priest and Pecos person in conversation, a shepherd with a flock, and people carrying a basket of bread.

Dimensions: Figures should match existing; see drawings package for details.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: Painted ceramic, to match existing.

CE-5-000 WALL FORM

The wall form in this exhibit falls away into the landscape mural, reflecting the end of the pueblo period. Here, the structure follows Exhibit 4, while color follows Exhibit 3.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

Reference to texture from extant traditional pueblo wall.

Reference to mud mortar/ plaster color and consistency.

(ABOVE) reference illustration to additional figures requested by park:

friar speaking to two-three children.

CE/IM-5-199 OUR LADY OF THE ANGELS OF PORCIÚNCULA

The fabricator is to secure a high-resolution digital image reproduction of the Our Lady of the Angels of Porciúncula painting, to be printed, mounted, and interpreted in the “church” scene. Under-life-size reproduction to be made of the painting, which once hung in the 1717 church and remains centrally important to the Pecos community and descendants today.

Permissions will need to be secured, and a custom-photograph / large-format scan will have to be made, if an existing one is not available.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: Print to canvas, to recreate painting texture.

Simple buy-out frame likely best matches the more humble approach the Spaniards took to the reconstructed church finished by 1717.

Photographic reproduction: Design team reached out to Archdiocese of Santa Fe, who has expressed interest in having the painting reproduced. A digital photographer should take a high-resolution photograph of the painting in consultation and coordination with the Archdiocese.

LEFT: The original painting is brought out annually for Feast Day celebrations.

The frame for the recreated painting should be humble, as in these references.

CE-6-290–294 TRADE INTERACTIVE PROPS

A variety of reproductions / props should be included in the trade section’s case to make connections to the interactive sections.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

Bison horn(s) buyout ($25–75)

Buy-out items may be acquired from source like Moscow Hide and Fur (hideandfur.com); image below from that site.

Macaw feathers—supplied by park.

CE-7-000, -090 WAGON AND MUDDY PATH

A recreated landform helps immerse a recreated wagon into the story of land and place. The wagon serves as a base to interpret both the connection of Pecos Pueblo to the Santa Fe Trail as well as the nearby Battle of Glorieta Pass.

Dimensions: As noted in drawings package.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

A muddy pathway allows us to “sink” the wagon slightly down into wheel ruts, providing greater access and viewing into its interior.

Image for reference to consistency & color of landform.

A reproduction wagon serves as a conduit for two stories—traders and travelers on the Santa Fe Trail, and the Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass, where the destruction of the Confederate supply train at the apex of the battle ended the “high water mark,” so to speak, of Rebel interest in conquering the West.

The wagon will be sourced of parts when available but also stylized as needed. In order to fit in the space, we cannot use a full wagon. Instead, we are splitting it long-ways. Interpretation within the wagon allow visitors to interact with the story through graphics and artifacts.

Additional props for this wagon—rope, spade(s), boxes—TBD with client.

CE-8-205 TEX AUSTIN KITSCH

Reproductions of kitsch items owned by Tex Austin may be incorporated into the case in Exhibit 8.

Buyouts may need to be slightly altered to match the existing artifacts. All original objects are held in private collection, but have been released for use as reproductions.

Park is in conversation with Gordon Hayes (1-505-425- 7535) regarding these items.

Dimensions: To be determined by fabricator.

Placement: As noted in drawings package.

Materials and Construction Method: To be determined by selected fabricator.

Bank wallet / folder

Wallet / folder Badge collection

Rodeo poster.

Tex Austin was a successful rodeo promoter. This may be best utilized as a print reproduction to be mounted to the wall.

Belt buckle