Attachment 10 Confined Space Entry Procedures.pdf

Fort Drum Regulation 385–11

Safety

Confined Space Entry Program

Command Safety Office Fort Drum, NY 20 January 2015

UNCLASSIFIED

SUMMARY of CHANGE

Confined Space Entry Program

This revision, dated 20 January 2015- -

○ Revises the requirement to provide a list of known Permit-Required Confined Spaces to the host Garrison Safety Director, Directorate of Emergency Services 911 Communication Center, Installation Fire Center (para 2-4c).

○ Revises the DES 911 Communication Center and the Fire (para 2-5c).

○ Revises the Chief of Occupational Health (para 2-16).

○ Removed “Ensure each Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Plan is evaluated for approval or disapproval by an Industrial Hygienist.”

○ Removed “Provide professional advice and guidance applicable to confined space in the realm of sampling, analysis, and health risk appraisals and (or) hazard evaluations.”

○ Updated Understand the hazards of workplace confined spaces and the relationship to the employee’s health status (para 2-16).

○ Updated Interpretation and evaluation of worker’s medical and occupational history to determine confined space limitations (para 2-16).

○ Revises Directorate of Emergency Services, 911 Communication Center and The Installation Fire Chief will (para 2-17.)

○ Adds The Industrial Hygienists (IH) responsibilities (para 2-18a – j).

○ Adds Director Public Works responsibilities (DPW) (para 2-19a – o)

○ Revises “DES Fire Services training coordinator” (para 3-7).

○ Revises Commander/Director to “The Entrant Supervisor” (para 3-26a.).

○ Adds “Lockout/Tagout (LOTO)” (para 3-21).

○ Revises Commander to “Assistant Chief of Operation (Fire Services)” (para 5-1).

○ Adds Director Network Enterprise Center (NEC) (para 2-20a – n).

Command Safety Office 20 January 2015

*HQS US Army Garrison Fort Drum, NY

Safety

Confined Space Entry Program

History. This is a revision regulation.

Summary. This regulation prescribes policies, responsibilities, and procedures for personnel to enter into confined spaces on Fort Drum.

Proponent. The proponent is the Command Safety Office.

Applicability. This plan applies to all 10th Mountain Division (LI) units, civilian organizations (DA and contractor), tenant units, and non-assigned military units and civilian organizations visiting Fort Drum.

Suggested Improvements.

Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements on DA Form 2028, (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank

Forms) directly to the Command Safety Office

ATTN: IMDR-SO,

P-10282 4th Armored Div. Dr., Fort Drum, NY 13602.

Distribution. This publication is distributed through the following Fort Drum website:

Fort Drum Intranet Portal at:

https://portal.drum.army.mil/Doc s/default.aspx

Restrictions. There are no restrictions.

Contents (Listed by paragraph and page number)

Chapter 1 Introduction, page 1 Purpose • 1-1, page 1 References • 1-2, page 1 Explanation of Abbreviations and Terms • 1-3, page 1 Control Hierarchy • 1-4, page 1

Chapter 2 Duties and Responsibilities, page 2 Garrison Commander • 2-1, page 2 Garrison Safety Director • 2-2, page 2 Unit Level Organization Leader • 2-3, page 2 Commanders and Directors • 2-4, page 2 Confined Space Coordinator • 2-5, page 3 Entry (On-Site) Supervisor • 2-6, page 4 Confined Space Entrants • 2-7, page 4 Confined Space Attendant • 2-8, page 4 Rescue Team • 2-9, page 5 Contracting Officer (CO) • 2-10, page 5

*This regulation supersedes Fort Drum Regulation 385–11, dated 9 May 2011.

Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 i https://portal.drum.army.mil/Docs/default.aspx https://portal.drum.army.mil/Docs/default.aspx

Contents–Continued

Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) • 2-11, page 5 Civilian Personnel Officer • 2-12, page 5 In-House Design • 2-13, page 6 Army Design Managers • 2-14, page 6 Maintenance Work • 2-15, page 6 Chief of Occupational Health • 2-16, page 6 Installation Fire Chief • 2-17, page 6 Industrial Hygienist • 2-18, page 6 Director Public Works • 2-19, page 7 Director Network Enterprise Center (NEC) • 2-20, page 8

Chapter 3 Requirements, page 8

Section I Training Requirements, page 8 Commanders and Directors • 3-1, page 8 General Training • 3-2, page 9 Specific Training for Atmospheric Monitoring Personnel • 3-3, page 9 Specific Training for Attendants • 3-4, page 9 Specific Training for Rescue and Emergency Services Personnel • 3-5, page 9 Important Rescue Training Considerations • 3-6, page 10 Verification of Training • 3-7, page 10 Documentation of Training • 3-8, page 10

Section II General Requirements, page 10 Identification of Confined Spaces • 3-9, page 10 Written Confined Space Program • 3-10, page 10 Alternative to a Full Permit Entry • 3-11, page 11 Alternate Procedures • 3-12, page 11 “Safe for Entry” • 3-13, page 11 Initial Testing and Evaluation of Confined Space Conditions • 3-14, page 11 Toxic Atmospheres • 3-15, page 13 Classification of Confined Spaces • 3-16, page 13 Approved Equipment • 3-17, page 13 Testing of Confined Spaces • 3-18, page 13 Calibration of Monitoring Equipment • 3-19, page 14 Atmospheric Monitoring • 3-20, page 14 Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) • 3-21, page 14

Section III Specific Requirements, page 16 Entry Into Confined Spaces • 3-22, page 16 Permit system • 3-23, page 16 Entry Permit • 3-24, page 17 Testing and Classification of Confined Spaces • 3-25, page 17 Entry Into Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) Conditions Space • 3-26, page 18 Entry Into Permit-Required Confined Spaces • 3-27, page 18 ii Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015

Contents–Continued

Entry Into Non-Permit Confined Spaces • 3-28, page 20 Welding, Cutting, and Brazing Permit • 3-29, page 21

Chapter 4 Hazards, page 21 Physical Hazards • 4-1, page 21 Thermal Hazards • 4-2, page 21 Noise Impacts on Confined Space Workers • 4-3, page 21 General Safety Hazards • 4-4, page 22 Controls for Physical Hazards • 4-5, page 22

Chapter 5 Emergency and Rescue Procedures, page 22 Rescue Service Personnel • 5-1, page 22 Responsibilities • 5-2, page 22 Self-Rescue • 5-3, page 22 Non-Entry Rescue • 5-4, page 22 Entry Rescue • 5-5, page 23 Rescue Plan • 5-6, page 23 Re-Evaluate • 5-7, page 23 Rescue Services (Local Agreement) • 5-8, page 23 Off-Site Rescue • 5-9, page 23 Inspection of Safety Equipment• 5-10, page 24 Harness and Retrieval Lines • 5-11, page 24 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) • 5-12, page 24

Chapter 6 Contractor Confined Space Operations, page 24 Fort Drum Requirements • 6-1, page 24 Contractor Requirements • 6-2, page 25

Appendixes

A. References, page 26

B. Permit-Required Confined Space Decision Flow Chart, page 27

C. Sample Safe Entry Checklist, page 28

D. Permit Required Confined Space Sign, page 31

E. Examples of Confined Spaces, page 32

F. Sample Permit-Required Confined Space Permit, page 33

Glossary

Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 iii

Blank Page iv Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015

Chapter 1 Introduction

1-1. Purpose The purpose of this Confined Space Entry Program is to:

a. Reduce safety and health hazards for all personnel (Soldiers, DA civilians, contractors, etc.) who work in Confined Spaces. The primary concern is to protect personnel who are working in spaces that are large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; spaces that have limited or restricted means for entry or exit;

unfavorable natural ventilation, and spaces that are not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Typical confined space work areas are: boilers, cupolas, degreasers, furnaces, pipelines, trenches, pits, pumping stations, fuel cells, septic tanks, silos, storage tanks, utility vaults, vats, or similar enclosures as shown at appendix E. The primary standards covering permit-required confined spaces are: OSHA Standards 29 CFR 1910.146, General Industry, 29 CFR 1926.21(b)(6)(i)(ii) / 1926.353, Construction Industry, and US Army Corps of Engineers Safety and Health Requirements Manual EM 385-1-1.

b. Protect personnel from confined space related accidents through effective education, engineering, administrative controls, and aggressive enforcement of standards.

c. Apply a hierarchy of control measures to every job site where permit required confined space entry has been identified through a comprehensive job hazard analysis.

d. Reduce confined space accident costs associated with lost time and worker’s compensation claims.

e. Improve mission capability and increase the overall well-being and productivity of the work force.

1-2. References Required and related publications and prescribed and referenced forms are listed in appendix A.

1-3. Explanation of Abbreviations and Terms Abbreviations and special terms used in this pamphlet are explained in the glossary.

1-4. Control Hierarchy The hierarchy of control measures targeted toward eliminating, or significantly reducing the risks associated with confined space entry hazards in the workplace are:

a. Engineering Controls. Those controls that eliminate or reduce the hazard through implementation of sound engineering practices. Ventilation is one of the most common engineering controls used in confined spaces. When ventilation is used to remove atmospheric contaminants from the confined space, the space will be ventilated until the atmosphere is within the acceptable ranges. Ventilation will be maintained during the occupancy if there is a potential for the atmospheric conditions to move out of the acceptable range. When ventilation is not possible or feasible, alternate protective measures or methods to remove air contaminants and protect occupants will be determined by the qualified person prior to authorizing entry. Conditions regarding continuous forced air ventilation will be used as follows:

(1) Forced air ventilation will be so directed as to ventilate the immediate areas where an employee is or will be present within the space.

(2) Continuous ventilation is maintained until all employees have left the space.

(3) Air supply for forced air ventilation will be from a clean source.

(4) “CAUTION” If vehicles are in the vicinity – ensure they are down wind, so carbon monoxide isn’t accidentally forced thru ventilation.

b. Work Practice (Administrative) Controls. Those (administrative) controls are those controls that eliminate or reduce the hazard through changes in the work practice (e.g., rotating

Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 1 workers, reducing the amount of worker exposure, and housekeeping). Confined spaces will be cleaned/decontaminated of hazardous materials to the extent feasible before entry.

Cleaning/decontamination will be the preferred method of reducing exposure to hazardous materials. Where this is not practicable, personal protective equipment (PPE) will be worn by the entry personnel to provide appropriate protection against the hazards that may be present.

c. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). If the hazard cannot be eliminated or reduced to a safe level through engineering and/or work practice controls, PPE will be used. A qualified person will determine the PPE needs of all personnel entering the confined space, including rescue teams. PPE, which meet the specifications of applicable standards, will be selected in accordance with the requirements of the job to be performed.

“CAUTION” If any type of respirator is required, fit testing, medical surveillance etc. is mandatory prior to donning.

Chapter 2 Duties and Responsibilities

2-1. Garrison Commander Garrison Commander has implemented this Confined Space Program in accordance with AR 385–10, The Army Safety Program, OSHA Standards 29 CFR 1910, General Industry, 29 CFR 1926, Construction Industry, and the US Army Corps of Engineers safety and health requirements contained in EM 385-1-1; and will provide the necessary resources, and delegate sufficient authority to subordinate commanders/directors and division chiefs to implement the program.

2-2. Garrison Safety Director The Garrison Safety Director has developed and implemented this regulation for the Garrison Commander. The Safety Manager and his/her staff may be called upon to provide guidance and technical assistance to commanders/directors regarding implementation of and compliance with elements of the Confined Space Entry Program, and will integrate the program elements into existing Safety and Occupational Health Inspection (SOHI) criteria in order to ensure compliance during evaluations. In addition, the Safety Staff may be called upon to provide or assist with training.

2-3. Unit Level Organization Leader Each organization having tasks that require entry into confined spaces shall be responsible for its related portions of the confined space entry program, and accomplish it with assistance from the safety office as required.

2-4. Commanders and Directors (NOTE: 29 CFR 1910.146 refers to "employer,” which is synonymous with commander/director).

a. IAW 29 CFR 1910.146(c)(1): The employer shall evaluate the workplace to develop a list of known Non-Permit Confined Spaces and Permit-Required Confined Spaces. Review all Non- Permit Confined Spaces within their area of responsibility at least annually to ascertain that no changes occurred which would affect the original classification. NOTE: The decision flow chart in appendix B will facilitate compliance with this requirement.

b. IAW 29 CFR 1910.146(c)(2): If the workplace contains Permit-Required Confined Spaces, the employer shall inform exposed employees by posting danger signs or by any other equally effective means, of the existence and location of and the danger posed by the permit

2 Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 spaces. NOTE: A sign reading DANGER -- PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE, DO NOT ENTER or other similar language will satisfy the requirement for a sign.

c. Provide a list of known Permit-Required Confined Spaces to the host Garrison Safety Director, Directorate of Emergency Services 911 Communication Center, Installation Fire Chief, Preventive Medicine Officer, Industrial Hygiene and Director of Public works IGI&S manager.

For a current list of all known Confined Spaces go to https://mapsrus.drum.army.mil/

d. Establish a written confined space entry program covering each sub-organization conducting confined space entry operations.

e. Ensure required Permit-Required Confined Space entry equipment is procured and is in compliance with confined space standards.

f. Designate a qualified representative responsible for implementing the confined space program.

g. Ensure that cancelled or expired entry permits are reviewed for lessons learned.

h. Ensure personnel assigned confined space duties have been adequately trained and certified. NOTE: See paragraphs 2-5 through 2-9 for titles and descriptions of typical confined space entry personnel.

2-5. Confined Space Coordinator The person designated by the military unit commander or civilian organization’s director to manage the activities where confined space entry has been identified through comprehensive Job Hazard Analysis (JHA). The hazard analysis will identify the sequence of work to be performed in the confined space, the specific hazards known or anticipated, and the control measures to be implemented to eliminate or reduce each of the hazards to an acceptable level.

No entry will be permitted until the hazard analysis has been reviewed and discussed by all persons engaged in the activity. Confined Space Coordinators are also responsible for the following–

a. Ensure requirements for confined space entry have been completed before entry is authorized.

b. Ensure confined space monitoring is performed by personnel qualified and trained in confined space entry procedures.

c. Notify the DES 911 Communication Center (772-5156) and the Fire Department (772- 5514) or other rescue teams before beginning and when completing confined space operations.

d. Ensure the rescue team has simulated and documented a rescue in a confined space within the past twelve months.

e. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of exposure.

f. Issue a permit to the Entrant Supervisor, determining the entry requirements, and a permit review and signature from the authorized entry supervisor.

g. Notify all involved employees of the permit requirements and post the permit in a conspicuous location near the job.

h. Renew the permit or have it reissued as needed (a new permit is required every shift).

i. Determine the number of attendants required to perform the work and ensure the attendant knows how to communicate with the entrants and how to obtain assistance.

j. Post any required barriers and signs, IAW US DOT manual on uniform traffic control devices for spaces in the roadway.

k. Remain alert to changing conditions that might affect the conditions of the permits, (i.e., require additional atmospheric monitoring or changes in personal protective equipment).

l. Change and reissue the permit, or issue a new permit as necessary (must be coordinated).

m. Ensure periodic atmospheric monitoring is done according to permit requirements.

Equipment must be calibrated per manufactures instructions.

Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 3 https://mapsrus.drum.army.mil/

n. Ensure that personnel doing the work and all support personnel adhere to permit requirements.

o. Ensure the permit is canceled when the work is done; and ensuring the confined space is safely closed and all workers are cleared from the area.

2-6. Entry (On-Site) Supervisor An entry supervisor is a qualified person authorized to approve confined space entry permits and is responsible for–

a. Determining if conditions are acceptable for entry. See appendix C, Sample Safe Entry Checklist.

b. Authorizing entry and oversight of entry operations.

c. Termination of entry procedures as required.

d. May serve attendant, if trained and equipped appropriately for those duties.

e. Ensure measures are in place to keep unauthorized personnel clear of the area.

f. Continuously checks to verify and document permit requirements are being observed, (more frequent checks will be made if operations or conditions are anticipated that could affect permit requirements).

g. Ensure that necessary information on chemical hazards is kept at the work site for employees or rescue team.

h. Ensure that the Fire Department rescue team has been notified, and is available (e.g., an on installation team or a prearranged outside rescue service), and ensuring at least one member of the rescue team has current certification in First-Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

2-7. Confined Space Entrants Personnel who are granted permission to enter a confined space will–

a. Read and observe the entry permit requirements.

b. Stay alert to the hazards that could be encountered in a confined space.

c. Use the protective equipment required by the permit.

d. Immediately exit the confined space when ordered to do so by the attendant, an automatic alarms sound, they perceive they are in danger, or they notice physiological stresses or changes in themselves or co-workers (e.g., dizziness, blurred vision, shortness of breath).

2-8. Confined Space Attendant The Attendant will be stationed outside the work space and will–

a. Be knowledgeable of, and be able to recognize potential confined space hazards.

b. Maintain a sign-in/sign-out log with a count of all persons in the confined space and ensure all entrants sign in/sign-out.

c. Monitor surrounding activities to ensure the safety of personnel.

d. Maintain effective and continuous communication with personnel during confined space entry, work, and exit.

e. Order personnel to evacuate the confined space if he/she:

(1) Observes a condition that is not allowed on the entry permit.

(2) Notices the entrants acting strangely, possibly as a result of exposure to hazardous substances.

(3) Notices a situation outside the confined space, which could endanger personnel.

(4) Notices within the confined space a hazard, which has not been previously recognized or taken into consideration.

(5) Must leave his/her work station or must focus attention on the rescue of personnel in some other confined space that he/she is monitoring.

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f. Immediately summon the Rescue Team if crew rescue becomes necessary; and keep unauthorized persons out of the confined space, order them out, or notify authorized personnel of the unauthorized entry.

NOTE: As an “Attendant” you cannot leave your work station to obtain tool, get something to eat, or go to the bathroom unless you order the entrant to evacuate the work space. Your assigned duty is to ensure the entrant is following procedures and is safe. No Exceptions.

2-9. Rescue Team The Rescue Team members will–

a. Complete a training drill using mannequins or personnel in a simulation of the confined space prior to the issuance of an entry permit for any confined space and at least once every 12 months thereafter (also in attendance will be a member of the Garrison Safety Office).

b. Respond immediately to rescue calls from the Attendant or any other person recognizing a need for rescue from the confined space. NOTE: Attendant entry into a confined space is not authorized under any condition.

c. In addition to emergency response training, receive the same training as that required of the authorized entrants; and have current certification in first-aid and CPR. NOTE:

Training/simulation must be documented.

2-10. Contracting Officer (CO) The contracting officer, typically through the Contracting Officer’s Representative, will ensure the requirements of the Garrison Confined Space Program are integrated into all applicable contracts, and that contractors understand when either they or their sub-contractors perform work on the installation or facility, they must adhere to the established guidelines set forth in the program document. Contractors will be informed of this requirement as well as the on-site construction rules that apply during the pre-construction conference.

2-11. Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) The COR shall ensure all construction contracts, prior to start of construction, include specific sections which address confined spaces, and that contractors comply with the USACE manual 385-1-1 IAW FAR 52.236-14. It is the contractor’s responsibility to provide confined space entry protection to all workers exposed to confined space hazards, and to ensure that they have been properly trained. Contractors shall submit a written confined space entry plan as part of the contract, which includes training requirements for their workers as well as subcontractor workers, to the COR for review and approval. The COR will–

a. Send the contractor's confined space entry plan to the Safety Office (Mr. Bill Bellis), Installation Fire Chief (CAPT. Dan Leary), and Chief of Occupational Health (Mr. Bart Bushen) for review and approval.

b. Ensure that the contractor does not begin any construction-related activities until the submitted confined space entry Plan has been approved.

c. Ensure confined space entry will be one of the main topics discussed during the Pre- Construction Conference.

2-12. Civilian Personnel Officer The Civilian Personnel Advisory Center (CPAC) will provide support to supervisors and other individuals responsible for enforcing the Confined Space Program requirements. An example of support would be to develop job descriptions, which address requirements for personnel assigned to work in confined spaces hazard areas, and the necessity to utilize confined space protective equipment as a condition of employment. In addition, the civilian personnel advisory center will advise supervisors with respect to appropriate disciplinary measures when personnel fail to comply with established confined space entry protection requirements.

Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 5

2-13. In-House Design Responsible individuals will strive to eliminate confined space hazards in the design of new buildings, facilities, and equipment by engineering-in various systems and modifications designed to eliminate the need to enter confined spaces. NOTE: Signs shall be permanently installed to identify confined spaces that will require routine maintenance repair work.

2-14. Army Design Managers The Army Design Managers shall ensure that architects and engineers incorporate the U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers safety design guides, mil handbooks, and design manuals in the design effort to eliminate of control confined space hazards whenever possible.

2-15. Maintenance Work The COs/CORs and Army safety personnel shall ensure that all maintenance contract work performed by contractors, to include work encompassing confined space entry requirements, is performed in accordance with USACE manual EM 385-1, 29 CFRs 1910.146 and all applicable publications, standards and regulations. Army maintenance workers shall be trained to recognize the hazards of confined space entry in the work place and the use of required protective equipment.

2-16. Chief of Occupational Health The Chief of Occupational Health will–

a. Ensure each Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Plan is evaluated for approval or disapproval by an Industrial Hygienist.

b. Provide professional advice and guidance applicable to confined space in the realm of sampling, analysis, and health risk appraisals and (or) hazard evaluations.

2-17. Installation Fire Chief Directorate of Emergency Services, 911 Communication Center and The Installation Fire Chief will–

a. Ensure each Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Plan is evaluated for approval or disapproval.

b. Provide rescue support for confined space entries according to local agreements.

c. Provide confined space entry rescue support to tenant units and contractors according to local support agreements.

d. Ensure the fire prevention representatives on confined space rescue teams are trained in confined space requirements and training is documented. Each individual will have attended a formal confined space course. If the person has not attended a formal confined space course, the Fire Chief will ensure the person has adequate experience in confined space operations.

e. When requested, assist the commander or director in obtaining training for entrants, entry supervisors, and organizational rescue teams.

f. Assist in identification and selection of required equipment, to include PPE and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), for organizational rescue teams.

g. Coordinate unit or contractor entry and exit times to ensure rescue personnel are available and ready.

2-18. Industrial Hygienist The Industrial Hygienist will–

a. Enroll all personnel who may enter confined spaces in the installation respiratory protection program.

6 Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015

b. Ensure that the industrial hygiene representative(s) are trained in confined space requirements.

c. Provide local training on the use, calibration (user), and care of atmosphere testing and monitoring equipment. Certify organizational personnel, as required, to test confined spaces. If unable to support this requirement, the industrial hygienist will assist in identifying a training resource.

d. Document the location of each confined space with the information provided by the commander or director ( with the assistance from the Garrison Safety Office, DPW etc.).

e. Assist in training personnel for confined space duties.

f. Evaluate worker exposure to hazardous chemicals.

g. Assist in the selection of appropriate respiratory equipment and other PPE.

h. Assist commanders, directors, and entry supervisors in the selection of proper PPE.

i. Assist entry supervisors in the interpretation of monitoring results.

j. If certified organizational personnel are not available:

(1) Evaluate confined spaces for hazardous atmospheres and Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) conditions as necessary to meet mission requirements.

(2) Sample the atmosphere in the confined space as often as may be required to ensure changing conditions do not result in unacceptable atmospheres.

2-19. Director Public Works (DPW) The Director Public Works will– Designate a person within the Directorate to manage confined space activities where entry has been identified for Utilities Branch. The Public Works Confined Space Coordinator is also responsible for the following:

a. Ensure requirements for confined space entry have been completed before entry is authorized.

b. Ensure confined space monitoring is performed by personnel qualified and trained in confined space entry procedures.

c. Notify the Fire Department before beginning and when completing confined space operations.

d. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including the mode, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure.

e. Filling out a permit, determining the entry requirements, and requiring a permit review and signature from the authorized utilities branch supervisor.

f. Notify all involved employees of the permit requirements and posting the permit in a conspicuous location near the job site.

g. Renew the permit or have it reissued as needed (a new permit is required for every shift).

h. Determine the number of attendants required to perform the work and ensure the attendant knows how to communicate with the entrants and how to obtain Emergency Medical Service (EMS) assistance.

i. Post any required barriers and signs, (i.e., The authenticated Confined Space Permit, DANGER—PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE, DO NOT ENTER).

j. Remain alert to changing conditions that might affect the conditions of the permit, (i.e., require additional atmospheric monitoring or changes in personal protective equipment).

k. Change and reissue the permit, or issue a new permit as necessary.

l. Ensure periodic atmospheric monitoring is done according to permit requirements.

m. Ensure that personnel doing the work and all support personnel adhere to permit requirements.

n. Ensure the permit is cancelled when the work is done; and ensure the confined space is closed and all workers are cleared from the area.

Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 7

o. Ensure the confined space coordinator maintains a permit log and retains on file for one year after the last entry has been made and closed.

p. Maintain a database of all Confined Spaces through the IGI&S manager; a list of Communication Vaults, Electrical Manholes, GeoThermal Manholes, Sewer Manholes and Storm Manholes can be located using the https://mapsrus.drum.army.mil web site to identify access points to a targeted location.

2-20. Director Network Enterprise Center (NEC) The Director Network Enterprise will– Designate a person within the Directorate to manage confined space activities where entry has been identified for Utilities Branch. The Public Works Confined Space Coordinator is also responsible for the following:

a. Ensure requirements for confined space entry have been completed before entry is authorized.

b. Ensure confined space monitoring is performed by personnel qualified and trained in confined space entry procedures.

c. Notify the Fire Department before beginning and when completing confined space operations.

d. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including the mode, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure.

e. Filling out a permit, determining the entry requirements, and requiring a permit review and signature from the authorized utilities branch supervisor.

f. Notify all involved employees of the permit requirements and posting the permit in a conspicuous location near the job site.

g. Renew the permit or have it reissued as needed (a new permit is required for every shift).

h. Determine the number of attendants required to perform the work and ensuring the attendant knows how to communicate with the entrants and hoe to obtain EMS assistance.

i. Post any required barriers and signs, (i.e., The Confined Space Permit, DANGER PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE, DO NOT ENTER).Remain alert to changing conditions that might affect the conditions of the permit, (i.e., require additional atmospheric monitoring or changes in personal protective equipment).

j. Change and reissue the permit, or issue a new permit as necessary.

k. Ensure periodic atmospheric monitoring is done according to permit requirements.

l. Ensure that personnel doing the work and all support personnel adhere to permit requirements.

m. Ensure the permit is cancelled when the work is done; and ensuring the confined space is closed and all workers are cleared from the area.

n. Ensure the confined space coordinator maintains a permit log and retains on file for one year after the last entry has been made and closed.

Chapter 3 Requirements

Section I Training Requirements

3-1. Commanders and Directors Commanders and Directors will in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146, provide training so that all employees whose work is regulated by this section acquire the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of their duties in confined spaces:

8 Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 https://mapsrus.drum.army.mil/

a. Before the employee is first assigned duties under this section and when there is a change in assigned duties.

b. Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that presents a hazard for which an employee has not been trained.

c. Whenever the employer has reason to believe either that there are deviations from the permit space entry procedures required in this section or that there are inadequacies in the employee's knowledge or use of these procedures.

3-2. General Training All employees who will enter confined spaces will be trained in entry procedures. Personnel responsible for supervising, planning, entering, or participating in confined space entry and rescue will be adequately trained in their functional duties prior to any confined space entry.

Training will include:

a. Explanation of the general hazards associated with confined spaces.

b. Discussion of specific confined space hazards associated with the facility, location, or operation.

c. Reason for, proper use, and limitations of PPE and other safety equipment required for entry into confined spaces.

d. An explanation of permits and other procedural requirements for conducting a confined space entry.

e. A clear understanding of what conditions would prohibit entry.

f. How to respond to emergencies.

g. Duties and responsibilities as a member of the confined space entry team.

h. A description of how to recognize symptoms of overexposure to probable air contaminants in themselves and co-workers, and method(s) for alerting attendants.

3-3. Specific Training for Atmospheric Monitoring Personnel Training will include proper use of monitoring instruments such as:

a. Proper use of the equipment.

b. Knowledge of calibration.

c. Knowledge of sampling strategies and techniques.

d. Knowledge of:

(1) Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL).

(2) Threshold Limit Values (TLV).

(3) Lower Explosive Limits (LEL).

(4) Upper Explosive Limits (UEL).

3-4. Specific Training for Attendants Training will include the following:

a. Procedures for summoning rescue or other emergency services.

b. Proper utilization of equipment used for communicating with entry and emergency/rescue personnel.

3-5. Specific Training for Rescue and Emergency Services Personnel Training must include:

a. Recognition of permit space hazards.

b. Control of permit space hazards.

c. Use of atmospheric monitoring equipment.

d. Use and maintenance of rescue equipment.

e. Annual practice of permit space rescues.

f. Proficiency in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 9

g. Documentation of training.

3-6. Important Rescue Training Considerations

a. Ensure that the rescuer does not travel a greater distance than allowed by the air supply, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), and escape cylinders. Analyze distance, space configurations, physical obstacles, and total time needed to enter the space, perform the rescue operations, and leave the space.

b. Leave the space immediately whenever a problem arises with respiratory protection equipment or whenever the attendant orders evacuation.

3-7. Verification of Training Periodic assessment of the effectiveness of employee training will be conducted by a qualified person, DES Fire Services training coordinator. Training sessions will be repeated as often as necessary to maintain an acceptable level of personnel competence.

3-8. Documentation of Training All confined space training for entry supervisors, entrants, attendants, testers and (or) monitors, and rescue team members will, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146, be certified, documented, and kept up-to-date. The certification will contain each individual’s name and dates of training or retraining and either the initials or signature of the trainer and (or) instructor. Training will be documented for safety related items such as CPR or respirator use, or on an authorized computerized information management system.

Section II General Requirements

3-9. Identification of Confined Spaces The commander or director, in coordination with the Confined Space Coordinator, will evaluate the workplace to determine if any spaces are permit-required confined spaces. See flow chart at appendix B. If permit-required confined spaces are identified, the Garrison Safety Office or assigned Confined Space Coordinator will inform exposed workers, by posting danger signs or by any other equally effective means, of the existence and location of and the danger posed by the permit spaces. A sign reading “DANGER – PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE, DO NOT ENTER” or using other similar language would satisfy the requirement for a sign. See appendix D for an example of the sign. If the commander decides that worker(s) will not enter permit spaces, the commander shall take effective measures to prevent worker(s) from entering the permit spaces. If the commander decides that workers will enter permit spaces, he/she shall develop a written permit space program that complies with this section. The written program shall be available for inspection by workers and their authorized representatives, along with training and all other additional regulatory requirements.

3-10. Written Confined Space Program Among other things, the OSHA standard requires the written program to:

a. Implement necessary measures to prevent unauthorized entry.

b. Identify and evaluate permit space hazards before allowing workers entry.

c. Test atmospheric conditions in the permit space before entry operations and monitor the space during entry.

d. Perform appropriate testing for the following atmospheric hazards in this sequence;

oxygen, combustible gases or vapors, and toxic gases or vapors.

e. Establish and implement the means, procedures, and practices to eliminate or control hazards necessary for safe permit space entry operations.

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f. Identify employee job duties.

g. Provide and maintain, at no cost to the employee, personal protective equipment and any other equipment necessary for safe entry and require employees to use it.

h. Ensure that at least one attendant is stationed outside the permit space for the duration of entry operations.

i. Coordinate entry operations when employees of more than one employer, or contractor, are working in the permit space.

j. Implement appropriate procedures for summoning rescue and emergency services, and preventing unauthorized personnel from attempting rescue.

k. Establish, in writing, and implement a system for the preparation, issue, use, and cancellation of entry permits.

l. Review established entry operations annually and revise the permit space entry program as necessary.

m. Implement the procedures that any attendant who is required to monitor multiple spaces will follow during an emergency in one or more of those spaces.

n. Maintain a master confined space inventory.

3-11. Alternative to a Full Permit Entry Under certain conditions described in 29 CFR 1910.146, the commander or director may use alternate procedures for worker entry into a permit space. For example, if an employer can demonstrate with monitoring and inspection data that the only hazard is an actual or potential hazardous atmosphere that can be made safe for entry using continued forced air ventilation, the commander may be exempted from some requirements, such as permits and attendants.

However, even in these circumstances, the employer must test the internal atmosphere of the space for oxygen content, flammable gases and vapors, and the potential for toxic air contaminants before any worker enters it, and periodic monitoring once they enter.

3-12. Alternate Procedures Alternate procedures can be used to enter a confined space when:

a. No other hazards exist.

b. Atmospheric hazards can be effectively removed and controlled by forced ventilation.

c. Workers can safely enter and do work in the space .

d. All testing results and monitoring data are documented, retained, and made available to each employee who enters the space.

3-13. “Safe for Entry” This is a general safety guideline of 50 percent of the permissible flammable level or permissible toxic substance level recommended during confined space entry under the alternate procedures. Under the alternate procedures, permit space safety is maintained solely by continuous forced air ventilation. It is important to prevent the atmosphere inside the confined space reaching hazardous concentrations to ensure that, in the event of ventilation failure (such as a fan breakdown), the workers will still have enough time to recognize the hazards and leave the space.

3-14. Initial Testing and Evaluation of Confined Space Conditions Some gases or vapors are heavier than air and will settle to the bottom of a confined space.

Additionally, some gases are lighter than air and will be found around the top of the confined space. Therefore, it is necessary to test all areas (top, middle, and bottom) of a confined space with properly calibrated testing instruments to determine what gases are present. If testing reveals oxygen-deficiency, or the presence of toxic gases or vapors, the space must be ventilated and re-tested before workers can enter. If ventilation is not possible and entry is

Fort Drum Regulation 385–11 • 20 January 2015 11 necessary (for emergency rescue for example), workers must have appropriate respiratory protection. Never trust your senses to determine if the air in a confined space is safe. You cannot see or smell many toxic gases and vapors, nor can you determine the level of oxygen present. Entry supervisors, in coordination with the Confined Space Coordinator, will test for and evaluate many factors prior to classifying a confined or enclosed space. Such evaluations will include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following considerations:

a. The contents or previous contents of the space that may result in the presence of flammables, toxic materials, oxygen-deficient or oxygen enriched atmospheres.

b. The location and configuration of the space, including restricted access, obstructions, remoteness, etc., which may inhibit or interfere with movement, ventilation, rescue efforts, or fire fighting efforts.

c. Potential hazards from the external environment, such as the proximity of liquid oxygen (LOX) storage operations, petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL) storage areas, sewer and waste water treatment processes, and underground disposal sites, which could affect the atmosphere within the confined space.

d. The types of operations that are conducted within the space, particularly those that by the very nature of the process produce toxic materials, flammables, oxygen depletion, oxygen enrichment or ignition sources.

e. Fixtures, devices, or equipment within the space that may create or contribute to hazardous conditions including piping systems, conduits, ducts, machinery, pressurized lines, etc.

f. The presence of other hazards such as slippery surfaces, deteriorated or unstable portable ladders, irritant or caustic materials, etc. Pay attention to the condition of permanently installed ladders, such as those with metal rungs embedded into concrete walls of manholes or other structures.

g. The boundary spaces and their contents to ensure fire or explosion are not caused in these spaces by the operation being conducted.

h. Initial testing that shall be performed from outside the space. Testing into the interior of the space may be performed by drop tests or insertion of sample probes and hoses into the space. Testing will be performed in the following sequence:

(1) Test Oxygen Content. Combustible gases are tested after tests for oxygen content because the threat of fire or explosion is more immediate and more life threatening, in most cases, than exposure to toxic gases and vapors. NOTE: Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere: An oxygen deficient atmosphere has less than 19.5% available oxygen. Any atmosphere with less than 19.5% oxygen will not be entered without an approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). The oxygen level in a confined space can decrease because of work being done, such as welding, cutting, or brazing; or it can be decreased by certain chemical reactions (rusting) or through bacterial action (fermentation). The oxygen level is also decreased if oxygen is displaced by another gas, such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen. Total displacement of oxygen by another gas, such as carbon dioxide, will result in unconsciousness, followed by death.

(2) Flammable Hazard. Many combustible gas indicators and (or) explosimeters require oxygen for proper operation (generally 10 to 30-percent oxygen by volume). Corrections for known flammable components, if different from the calibration gas, will be made according to the manufacturer’s instructions. NOTE: Flammable Atmospheres: Two things make an atmosphere flammable: 1) the oxygen in air; and 2) a flammable gas, vapor, or dust in the proper mixture. Different gases have different flammable ranges. If a source of ignition (e.g., a sparking or electrical tool) is introduced into a space containing a flammable atmosphere, an explosion will result. An oxygen-enriched atmosphere (above 21%) will cause flammable materials, such as clothing and hair, to burn violently when ignited. Therefore, never use pure oxygen to ventilate a confined space. Ventilate with normal air.

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(3) Toxic Materials. For the determination of initial confined space classification, chemical substances known or expected to be present shall be measured and evaluated for their potential to produce a hazardous atmosphere.

3-15. Toxic Atmospheres Most substances (liquids, vapors, gases, mists, solid materials, and dusts) will be considered hazardous in a confined space. Toxic substances can occur from the following:

a. The product stored in the space; The product can be absorbed into the walls and give off toxic gases when removed or when cleaning out the residue of a stored product, toxic gases can be given off.

b. The work being performed in a confined space: Welding, brazing, painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing, etc. Toxic atmospheres are generated in various processes. For example, cleaning solvents are used in many industries from cleaning/degreasing. The vapors from these solvents are very toxic in a confined space.

3-16. Classification of Confined Spaces Confined spaces are classified on the basis of measurements of the oxygen content, flammability, and toxicity by testing (use table 3-1). This table is based upon existing or potential confined space hazards. Confined spaces are also classified relative to material contained in the space that could cause engulfment or are configured in a manner that could result in entrapment and (or) asphyxiation. All personnel will assume confined spaces are permit-required until proven otherwise by means of testing and (or) inspection.

a. Permit-required confined spaces may contain hazards that present a situation that is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), has a potential for, or contains a hazardous atmosphere.

b. Non-permit confined space contains no hazardous atmosphere. The entrants will not perform any work that could cause a hazardous atmosphere. The space does not have a potential for engulfment and is not configured in a way that would cause entrapment or asphyxiation. Permits and signs are not required.

3-17. Approved Equipment Before purchasing equipment to support the confined space entry program, coordinate with the Confined Space Coordinator to ensure testing and monitoring equipment used in confined spaces is approved for use in Class I, Division 1 and the appropriate group atmosphere, as defined in NFPA 70, The National Electrical Code (NEC), Article 500, Hazardous (Classified) Locations. Only direct reading equipment with current calibration will be used. The supervisor will also ensure equipment meets required standards of safety as determined by an appropriate Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) as listed in the OSHA NRTL Program-- Underwriters’ Laboratories (UL), Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC), etc. Group classifications are provided in NFPA 497M, Manual for Classification of Gases, Vapors, and Dust for Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Locations. Guidance is also provided in National Materials Advisory Board (NMAB) 353-5, Classification of Gases, Liquids, and Volatile Solids Relative to Explosion-Proof Electrical Equipment.

3-18. Testing of Confined Spaces Testing, also called verification testing, will be accomplished prior to entry into permit-required confined spaces. This testing will be done by a qualified person who is trained and certified.

Testing for classification of confined spaces is accomplished by a technically qualified professional member of the organization’s confined space team.

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3-19. Calibration of Monitoring Equipment Monitoring equipment used to evaluate confined spaces will be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s…