Atch 28 APPENDIX 22 DOD Supplement to National Manual Uniform Traffic Control Devices.pdf

UFC 4-022-01

27 July 2017

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

ENTRY CONTROL FACILITIES

ACCESS CONTROL POINTS

ENTRY CONTROL FACILITIES

ACCESS CONTROL POINTS

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.

Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND (Preparing Activity)

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER CENTER

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by ... )

Change No. Date Location

This UFC supersedes UFC 4-022-01, dated 25 May 2005.

FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.)

Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the most stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change Request. The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Refer to UFC 1-200-01, DoD Building Code (General Building Requirements), for implementation of new issuances on projects.

AUTHORIZED BY:

LARRY D. McCALLISTER, PhD, PE, PMP, SES

JOSEPH E. GOTT, P.E.

Chief Engineer

Acting Chief, Engineering and Construction Directorate of Civil Works

Naval Facilities Engineering Command

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

EDWIN H. OSHIBA, SES, DAF MICHAEL McANDREW Deputy Director of Civil Engineers DCS/Logistics, Engineering & Force Protection

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Facilities Investment and Management) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Energy, Installations, and Environment)

This Page Intentionally Left Blank i

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

REVISION SUMMARY SHEET

Subject: UFC 4-022-01, Entry Control Facilities / Access Control Points

Cancels: UFC 4-022-01, Security Engineering: Entry Control Facilities / Access Control Points, dated 25 May 2005

Reasons for Revision: UFC 4-022-01 was updated for the following reasons:

• To eliminate information that could be referenced from other references, especially tables, charts, figures, and diagrams.

• To improve consistency and uniformity of terminology.

• To remove ambiguous language and clarify between recommendations and requirements.

• To minimize the amount of service-specific items.

• To incorporate new and updated standards and requirements.

• To eliminate extraneous information so pertinent information is more accessible.

• To reduce misunderstandings of some of its provisions.

• To address situations not previously addressed by the standards.

• To improve consistency of interpretation.

• To reduce redundancy or inconsistency with other UFCs that were not available at the time of the previous version of this document.

• To eliminate standards or recommendations that were unnecessary or that had been superseded by other UFCs.

• To eliminate materials covered by other documents and to reference them where appropriate.

• To incorporate information based on new studies and research or new or revised national standards.

Impact. Most of the changes result in overall life cycle cost savings. Further impacts include the following:

• More consistent application of the provisions of the document due to clearer and more consistent guidance.

• Improved designs and reduced construction costs due to the changes of requirements versus recommendations.

Non Unified Issues. Document content is unified and consistent for all services and agencies of the Department of Defense.

ii iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1

PURPOSE. ................................................................................................ 1 1-1

APPLICABILITY. ....................................................................................... 1 1-2

SCOPE AND GUIDANCE. ........................................................................ 1 1-3

VULNERABILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT. ......................................... 1 1-4

EXAMPLES AND APPLICATION. ............................................................ 2 1-5

DOD BUILDING CODE. ............................................................................ 2 1-6

ECF/ACP MISSION, PRIORITIES AND FUNCTIONS. ............................. 2 1-7

ECF/ACP Function. ............................................................................... 2 1-7.1

ECF/ACP Checklist. ............................................................................... 3 1-7.2

Security Concerns. ................................................................................ 3 1-7.3

Safety Concerns. ................................................................................... 3 1-7.4

Capacity. ................................................................................................ 3 1-7.5

Sustainability.......................................................................................... 4 1-7.6

REFERENCES. ......................................................................................... 4 1-8

GLOSSARY. .............................................................................................. 4 1-9

POLICY REQUIREMENTS........................................................................ 4 1-10

DOD REQUIREMENTS. ............................................................................ 4 1-11

NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS. ................................................................. 4 1-12

GEOGRAPHIC COMBATANT COMMANDER REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5 1-13

INSTALLATION SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. ........................................ 5 1-14

OCONUS REQUIREMENTS. .................................................................... 5 1-15

DOD SECURITY ENGINEERING UFC SERIES ....................................... 5 1-16

DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings. ............................ 5 1-16.1

Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual. .................................. 6 1-16.2

Security Engineering Facilities Design Manual. ..................................... 6 1-16.3

Security Engineering Support Manuals. ................................................. 6 1-16.4

Security Engineering UFC Application. .................................................. 6 1-16.5

CLASSIFICATIONS AND FUNCTIONS .................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2

ECF/ACP USE CLASSIFICATIONS. ........................................................ 9 2-1

ECF/ACP FUNCTION. ............................................................................ 10 2-2

Site Functions. ..................................................................................... 10 2-2.1 iv

Building Functions. .............................................................................. 10 2-2.2

Multi-Function ECFs/ACPs. ................................................................. 10 2-2.3

ECF/ACP FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS. ................................................... 11 2-3

PLANNING AND SITE SELECTION CRITERIA ..................................... 17 CHAPTER 3

PLANNING. ............................................................................................. 17 3-1

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AND SAFETY STUDY. ................................. 18 3-2

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA. ................................................................ 18 3-3

Location and Master Plan Coordination. .............................................. 19 3-3.1

Master Plans and Future Development Plans. .................................... 19 3-3.2

Sustainability........................................................................................ 20 3-3.3

ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF AN ECF/ACP ......................... 21 CHAPTER 4

ECF/ACP ZONES. ................................................................................... 21 4-1

Approach Zone. ................................................................................... 21 4-1.1

Access Control Zone. .......................................................................... 22 4-1.2

Response Zone. .................................................................................. 24 4-1.3

Safety Zone. ........................................................................................ 24 4-1.4

DESIGN GUIDELINES ............................................................................ 25 CHAPTER 5

INTRODUCTION. .................................................................................... 25 5-1

GENERAL LAYOUT AND DESIGN GUIDELINES. ................................ 25 5-2

Containment and Control of Vehicles. ................................................. 25 5-2.1

Personnel Protection. .......................................................................... 26 5-2.2

Capability to Reject Unauthorized Vehicles. ........................................ 27 5-2.3

Traffic Considerations. ......................................................................... 27 5-2.4

Geometric Design. ............................................................................... 28 5-2.5

Speed Management. ........................................................................... 30 5-2.6

Traffic Control Devices. ....................................................................... 30 5-2.7

Multimodal and Alternative Transportation Considerations. ................. 31 5-2.8

Parking Guidance. ............................................................................... 31 5-2.9

Landscaping and Aesthetics. ............................................................... 32 5-2.10

APPROACH ZONE REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES.................... 32 5-3

ACCESS CONTROL ZONE REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES. ...... 33 5-4

RESPONSE ZONE REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES..................... 36 5-5

Layout Guidelines for the Response Zone. .......................................... 36 5-5.1 v

Passive Vehicle Barriers. ..................................................................... 41 5-5.2

Active Vehicle Barriers. ........................................................................ 41 5-5.3

Design and Safety Considerations. ...................................................... 42 5-5.4

Control Requirements. ......................................................................... 45 5-5.5

Detection Systems. .............................................................................. 45 5-5.6

VEHICLE INSPECTION CONSIDERATIONS. ........................................ 46 5-6

Location of Inspection Area. ................................................................ 47 5-6.1

Inspection Shelters. ............................................................................. 47 5-6.2

Location and Support for Inspection Equipment. ................................. 49 5-6.3

FACILITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. ......................................................... 49 5-7

Gatehouse, Guard Booth, and Overwatch. .......................................... 49 5-7.1

Visitor Control Center. ......................................................................... 49 5-7.2

Personnel Safety. ................................................................................ 49 5-7.3

General Requirements. ........................................................................ 50 5-7.4

Common Facility Requirements. .......................................................... 51 5-7.5

Visitor Control Center. ......................................................................... 52 5-7.6

Gatehouse. .......................................................................................... 57 5-7.7

ID Check Island and Guard Booth. ...................................................... 59 5-7.8

Overwatch Position. ............................................................................. 61 5-7.9

Overhead Canopy. ............................................................................... 63 5-7.10

ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATIONS REQUIREMENTS. ................ 64 5-8

General Guidance. ............................................................................... 64 5-8.1

Alternate Electrical Power Source. ...................................................... 65 5-8.2

Uninterruptible Power Supply. ............................................................. 66 5-8.3

Infrastructure........................................................................................ 67 5-8.4

Information Technology. ...................................................................... 68 5-8.5

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV). ....................................................... 69 5-8.6

Intrusion Detection System (IDS). ........................................................ 69 5-8.7

General Power Requirements.............................................................. 70 5-8.8

EXTERIOR LIGHTING. ........................................................................... 70 5-9

General Requirements. ........................................................................ 71 5-9.1

Approach and Response Zone Lighting. .............................................. 72 5-9.2

Access Control Zone Lighting. ............................................................. 72 5-9.3 vi

CONSTRUCTION PHASING. .................................................................. 73 5-10

LARGE COMMERCIAL VEHICLE AND TRUCK INSPECTION CHAPTER 6

FACILITIES

INTRODUCTION. .................................................................................... 75 6-1

MISSION AND OPERATION. .................................................................. 76 6-2

SIZING OF LARGE VEHICLE INSPECTION FACILITIES...................... 76 6-3

INSPECTION EQUIPMENT. .................................................................... 76 6-4

Under Vehicle Search Systems (UVSS). ............................................. 77 6-4.1

Cargo and Vehicle Inspection Systems. .............................................. 77 6-4.2

LAYOUT OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INPECTION FACILITY. ........... 78 6-5

Security Considerations. ...................................................................... 78 6-5.1

Inspection Equipment Considerations. ................................................ 78 6-5.2

APPENDIX A REFERENCES

APPENDIX B NAVY GATE AUTOMATION

B-1 GATE AUTOMATION

B-1.1 Major Equipment (Per Lane):

B-1.2 Major Equipment (ABA Compliant Pedestrian Turnstiles)

B-1.3 Major Equipment (Guard House):

B-1.4 Major Equipment (Visitor’s Center):

B-1.5 Major Equipment (Primary and Secondary Monitoring locations):

B-1.6 Connectivity (Guard House):

B-1.7 Connectivity (Visitor’s Center):

APPENDIX C ARMY GATE AUTOMATION

C-1 GATE AUTOMATION

C-1.1 Major Equipment (Per Lane)

C-1.2 Major Equipment (Per ACP)

C-1.3 Registration Operations

C-1.4 Registration Equipment

C-1.5 Registration Data Package

C-1.6 Database Overview

APPENDIX D ECF/ACP DEVELOPMENT CHECKLIST

APPENDIX E GLOSSARY

vii

FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Security Engineering UFC Application Figure 2-1 Visitors/DoD Personnel ECF/ACP – Functional Relationships Figure 2-2 DoD/Authorized Personnel Only ECF/ACP – Functional Relationships

Figure 2-3 Commercial Vehicle ECF/ACP: Functional Relationships Figure 2-4 Primary ECF/ACP w/POV, Visitor, and Commercial Vehicle Processing Figure 4-1 ECF/ACP Zones Figure 5-1 Gatehouse Location Options Figure 5-2 Vehicle Threat Scenario #1 Diagram

Figure 5-3 Vehicle Threat Scenario #2 Diagram Figure 5-4 Vehicle Threat Scenario #3 Diagram Figure 5-5 Vehicle Threat Scenario #4 Diagram

Figure 5-6 Inspection Shelter and Inspection Office Example - POV Figure 5-7 Inspection Shelter and Inspection Office Example - Commercial

Figure 5-8 Model Visitors Center Figure 5-9 Model Visitors Center Figure 5-10 Model Gatehouse Floor Plan Figure 5-11 Model ID Check Island Details – High Volume

Figure 5-12 Model ID Check Island Details – Low Volume

Figure 5-13 Model Overwatch Figure 5-14 Model Duct Bank Plan Figure 6-1 Example of Commercial Vehicle Only ECF/ACP Figure B-1 Example of Lane Layout for Gage Automation

Figure B-2 Gate Automation System Schematic

Figure C-1 AIE Operational View Figure C-2 System Connectivity and Interface Description

TABLES

Table 2-1 ECF/ACP Use Major Classifications Table 2-2 ID #s for Figure 2-4 Table 5-1 Thickness of Common Materials for Resistance Against UL 752 Level III Table 5-2 Thickness of Common Materials for Resistance Against UL 753 Level V

Table 5-3 Visitors Center Elements Table C-1 Major Equipment Per Lane Table C-2 Major Equipment Per ACP viii

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1

PURPOSE. 1-1

This document presents the required baseline approach to the design of Continental United States (CONUS) and Outside Continental United States (OCONUS) Entry Control Facilities (ECFs) and Access Control Points (ACPs) at Department of Defense (DoD) military installations. The term “Entry Control Facilities/Access Control Points” encompasses the overall layout, organization, infrastructure, and facilities at entrance locations onto United States military installations. ECF is synonymous with the term Access Control Point (ACP) used in some service publications. This UFC identifies design features necessary to ensure that infrastructure constructed today will have the flexibility to support current and future technologies, a changing threat environment, and changes in operations.

APPLICABILITY. 1-2

This UFC provides planning and design criteria and guidance for DoD components and participating organizations. This document applies to all construction, renovation, modernization, and repair projects for entry control facilities/access control points

(ECF/ACP).

This UFC is not intended to guide the development of entry control points (ECPs).

ECPs are defined as an internal access control portal to a building or building compound once one passes through an existing installation ECF/ACP or after one has already been vetted and permitted into and within a controlled perimeter. The definition of a controlled perimeter is included in other security engineering UFC documents.

SCOPE AND GUIDANCE. 1-3

Commanders, security personnel, planners, designers, architects, and engineers must use this UFC when evaluating existing and providing new ECFs/ACPs of an installation.

Technical information considered generally known to professional designers, architects, or engineers or readily available in existing technical references (Unified Facilities Criteria - UFC, FHWA, AASHTO, SDDCTEA etc.) has not been included.

VULNERABILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT. 1-4

In accordance with DoD security and antiterrorism (AT) policies, a vulnerability and risk assessment must be conducted prior to beginning any security project. Upon identifying facility or asset vulnerabilities to threats, physical security measures such as access control, fences, gates, vehicle barriers and Electronic Security Systems (ESS) may be deployed to reduce vulnerabilities. In summary, this document assumes the planning phases, including the risk analysis, are complete prior to beginning design. For information on Security Engineering Planning and Design process, refer to UFC 4-020- 01 and UFC 4-020-02FA (described in the section “Security Engineering UFC Series” in this chapter). The engineering risk analysis conducted as part of UFC 4-020-01 should be consistent with the terrorism risk analysis conducted by the installation security/AT staff.

EXAMPLES AND APPLICATION. 1-5

The examples provided in this UFC are notional and will need to be site adapted using sound engineering and security practices as required by site constraints and the credentialing process of those professions. Consult with service guidelines and policies for specific facility related requirements. Consult with most recent source document for the most up to date information. This UFC is not intended to address procedural issues such as tactics and techniques; however, a well-designed ECF/ACP can enhance and improve operations. UFC 4-020-01, Security Engineering: Facilities Planning Manual contains information regarding the application and use of Security Engineering UFC documents and should be consulted prior to using this UFC in the project development process.

DOD BUILDING CODE. 1-6

Comply with UFC 1-200-01, DoD Building Code (General Building Requirements). UFC 1-200-01 provides applicability of model building codes and government unique criteria for typical design disciplines and building systems, as well as for accessibility, antiterrorism, security, high performance and sustainability requirements, and safety.

Use this UFC in addition to UFC 1-200-01 and the UFCs and government criteria referenced therein.

ECF/ACP MISSION, PRIORITIES AND FUNCTIONS. 1-7

The objective of ECFs/ACPs is to secure the installation from unauthorized access and intercept contraband (weapons, explosives, drugs, classified material, etc.) while maximizing vehicular traffic flow by ensuring the proper level of access control and safety for all DoD personnel, visitors, and commercial traffic to an installation.

ECF/ACP priorities include:

• Security

• Safety

• Capacity

• Sustainability

ECF/ACP Function. 1-7.1

An ECF/ACP and its facilities when required perform a variety of functions including visitor processing, vehicle registration, ID checks, privately owned vehicle (POV) inspections, and commercial/large vehicle inspections. An ECF/ACP when required should accommodate pedestrians and a variety of vehicles, including passenger vehicles, trucks, oversize vehicles, construction equipment, buses, recreational vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles.

ECF/ACP Checklist. 1-7.2

Appendix D is a checklist for the development of ECF/ACP designs that is provided to assist in the planning and design stages to determine the requirements and major features for proposed ECF/ACP projects.

Security Concerns. 1-7.3

It is well established that installations must focus on threats that can be mitigated at the first line of defense–the installation perimeter. ECFs/ACPs and the access control they provide are extremely important to defense-in-depth and effective risk mitigation.

An ECF/ACP:

• Is a part of the installation perimeter and a legal line of demarcation and provides the first physical security boundary layer that restricts entry/access to DoD installations.

• Must accommodate Random Antiterrorism Measures (RAM), for sustained operations

• Must be able to operate at all Force Protection Conditions (FPCONs), including 100% vehicle inspections.

• Must have security features that protect against vehicle-borne threats and illegal entry.

Safety Concerns. 1-7.4

ECFs/ACPs must have a working environment that is both safe and comfortable for Security Forces personnel. Security Forces safety includes provisions for personal protection against attack and errant drivers; consider climate, location, and orientation.

Design the ECF/ACP so that persons and vehicles entering and leaving the facility do so in a safe and orderly manner to protect themselves, security personnel, and pedestrians from harm.

Capacity. 1-7.5

Design the ECF/ACP to maximize the flow of traffic without compromising safety, security, or causing undue delays that may affect installation operations or off-installation public highway users. A traffic engineering and safety study is recommended prior to the modification of an existing ECF/ACP and prior to the implementation of active vehicle barriers (AVB) and automated equipment. A traffic engineering and safety study is required prior to the major modification of an existing ECF/ACP and prior to the design of a new ECF/ACP.

Sustainability. 1-7.6

The ECF/ACP should reduce energy costs, facility maintenance and operations costs through sustainable design where appropriate. Refer to the DoD Building Code for additional guidance.

REFERENCES. 1-8

Appendix A contains a list of references used in this document. The publication date of the code or standard is not included in this document. The most recent edition of referenced publications applies, unless otherwise specified.

GLOSSARY. 1-9

Appendix E contains acronyms, abbreviations, and terms.

POLICY REQUIREMENTS. 1-10

The requirement to provide entry and access control comes from DoD Instruction/Directives, Geographic Combatant Commander (GCC) Instructions, Service Instruction/Directives, and Regional or Installation requirements. Consult Headquarters, Major Command, Regional, and Installation personnel to establish project requirements.

DOD REQUIREMENTS. 1-11

There are several instructions and publications within the Department of Defense (DoD) that establish required access control procedures for an installation, objectives of an ECF/ACP, and the responsibility for the operation of the facility. The most recent versions of these documents can be obtained from DoD, agency and service web sites.

The intent of the references listed in Appendix A is to provide designers with the most relevant and specialized requirements for ECFs/ACPs. Other specific design requirements exist for various aspects of design such as buildings and roadways and are found in the DoD Building Code indicated above.

Specific to access control, Directive-Type Memorandum (DTM) 09-012, Interim Policy Guidance for DoD Physical Access Control establishes DoD access control policy and the minimum DoD security standards for controlling entry to DoD installations and stand-alone facilities.

NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS. 1-12

ECFs/ACPs must meet nationally accepted standards as applicable per Multi-Service Regulation (Army Regulation (AR) 55-80, Chief of Naval Operations Instruction (OPNAVINST) 11210.2, Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 32-1017, Marine Corps Order (MCO) 11210.2D and Defense Logistics Agency Regulation (DLAR) 4500.19) DoD Transportation Engineering Program and Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) – Title 23:

Highways, Chapter I, Subchapter G, Part 655, subpart f: Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways. Title 32: National Defense, Subtitle A, Chapter V, Part 634, Subpart D: Traffic Supervision. These references and other nationally recognized documents are found in Appendix A under National Design Standards.

GEOGRAPHIC COMBATANT COMMANDER REQUIREMENTS. 1-13

Geographic Combatant Commanders (GCC) issue requirements for antiterrorism and physical security for installations within their area of responsibility. Ensure any such requirements are incorporated in addition to the requirements found in DoD and Service Directive/Instructions. Resolve any differences in the requirements by applying the most stringent requirement.

INSTALLATION SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. 1-14

The FPCON and RAM specified in an installation AT Plan impact the operation, capacity, and design of the ECF/ACP. Ensure any such requirements are incorporated in addition to the requirements found in this UFC. Resolve any differences in the requirements for the design of an ECF/ACP by applying the most stringent requirement.

OCONUS REQUIREMENTS. 1-15

Code of Federal Regulations Title 32, National Defense, Part 634, Subpart D-Traffic Supervision establishes that it is the Commander’s responsibility to develop traffic codes based on the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) with the host nation. For ECFs/ACPs developed at OCONUS installations, refer to the SOFA agreement for direction on which standard to apply. If the SOFA agreement is not explicit on which standard dictates, the most stringent requirement must be applied.

Specific service requirements may also apply.

DOD SECURITY ENGINEERING UFC SERIES 1-16

This UFC is one of a series of security engineering Unified Facilities Criteria documents that cover minimum standards, planning, preliminary design, and detailed design for security and antiterrorism. The manuals in this series are designed to be used sequentially by a diverse audience to facilitate development of projects throughout the design cycle. The manuals in this series include the following, and the intended process for applying them is illustrated in Figure 1-1.

DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings. 1-16.1

UFC 4-010-01 establishes standards that provide minimum levels of protection against terrorist attacks for the occupants of all DoD inhabited buildings. This UFC is intended to be used by security and antiterrorism personnel and design teams to identify the minimum requirements that must be incorporated into the design of all new construction and major renovations of inhabited DoD buildings. They also include recommendations that should be, but are not required to be incorporated into all such buildings.

Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual. 1-16.2

UFC 4-020-01 presents processes for developing the design criteria necessary to incorporate security and antiterrorism into DoD facilities and for identifying the cost implications of applying those design criteria. Those design criteria may be limited to the requirements of the minimum standards, or they may include protection of assets other than those addressed in the minimum standards (people), aggressor tactics that are not addressed in the minimum standards or levels of protection beyond those required by the minimum standards.

The cost implications for security and antiterrorism are addressed as cost increases over conventional construction for common construction types. The changes in construction represented by those cost increases are tabulated for reference, but they represent only representative construction that will meet the requirements of the design criteria. The manual also addresses the tradeoffs between cost and risk. The Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual is intended to be used by planners as well as security and antiterrorism personnel with support from planning team members.

Security Engineering Facilities Design Manual. 1-16.3

UFC 4-020-02FA provides interdisciplinary design guidance for developing preliminary systems of protective measures to implement the design criteria established using UFC 4-020-01. Those protective measures include building and site elements, equipment, and the supporting manpower and procedures necessary to make them all work as a system. The information in UFC 4-020-02FA is in sufficient detail to support concept level project development, and as such can provide a good basis for a more detailed design. The manual also provides a process for assessing the impact of protective measures on risk. The primary audience for the Security Engineering Design Manual is the design team, but it can also be used by security and antiterrorism personnel.

Security Engineering Support Manuals. 1-16.4

In addition to the standards, planning, and design UFCs mentioned above, there is a series of additional UFCs that provide detailed design guidance for developing final designs based on the preliminary designs developed using UFC 4-020-02FA. These support manuals provide specialized, discipline specific design guidance. Some address specific tactics such as direct fire weapons, forced entry, or airborne contamination. Others address limited aspects of design such as resistance to progressive collapse or design of portions of buildings such as mail rooms. Still others address details of designs for specific protective measures such as vehicle barriers or electronic security systems. The Security Engineering Support Manuals are intended to be used by the design team during the development of final design packages.

Security Engineering UFC Application. 1-16.5

The application of the security engineering series of UFCs is illustrated in Figure 1-1.

UFC 4-020-01 is intended to be the starting point for any project that is likely to have security or antiterrorism requirements. By beginning with UFC 4-020-01, the design criteria will be developed that establishes which of the other UFCs in the series will need to be applied. The design criteria may indicate that only the minimum standards need to be incorporated, or it may include additional requirements, resulting in the need for application of additional UFCs. Even if only the minimum standards are required other UFCs may need to be applied if sufficient standoff distances are unavailable.

Applying this series of UFCs in the manner illustrated in Figure 1-1 will result in the most efficient use of resources for protecting assets against security and antiterrorism related threats.

Figure 1-1 Security Engineering UFC Application

CLASSIFICATIONS AND FUNCTIONS CHAPTER 2

ECF/ACP USE CLASSIFICATIONS. 2-1

ECFs/ACPs are classified based on the intended function and anticipated usage of the ECF/ACP. The four “use” classifications are outlined in Table 2-1. The use classification is a function of the type of traffic, hours of operation, and FPCON considerations.

Table 2-1 ECF/ACP Use Major Classifications

Use Classification

Operational Hours

FPCON

Considerations Typical Operation

Primary 24/7, Open continuously

Open thru FPCON Delta

Vehicle registration/Visitor Pass capacity. Regular operations, visitors with authorization. Could also be designated as truck and delivery ECF/ACP.

Secondary Regular hours, closed at times

Potentially closed at or above

FPCON Charlie

Regular operations, visitors with authorization.

Could also be designated as truck and delivery

ECF/ACP.

Limited Use Only opened for special purposes

Closed at most times

Tactical vehicles, Construction Equipment/Vehicles, HAZMAT, special events, emergency access... etc.

Pedestrian Access Varies

Potentially closed at or above

FPCON Charlie

Personnel only. Could be located near installation housing areas, near schools, or as part of a Primary or Secondary

ECF/ACP.

The guidance contained in this UFC is intended for primary and secondary ECFs/ACPs.

Primary and Secondary ECFs/ACPs must provide the means to defeat a vehicular and/or pedestrian threat through permanent measures. Limited-use ECFs/ACPs or internal/restricted area entry control points (ECP) may require significantly less infrastructure due to reduced operations. Limited Use ECFs/ACPs must provide means to defeat vehicular and/or pedestrian threats through temporary or permanent measures. Limited Use ECFs/ECPs/ACPs do not have routine hours of operation. A Pedestrian ECF/ACP may be part of an ECF/ACP that accommodates vehicles or it may stand alone.

ECF/ACP FUNCTION. 2-2

An ECF/ACP can have many functions. Not all functions are required at every ECF/ACP. Functions for each ECF/ACP are based on the installation’s mission, AT Plan, ECF/ACP use classification, and land area. Functions may change to meet the demands of higher FPCON levels. The basic functions associated with an ECF/ACP are:

• Processing visitors

• Vehicle ID checks

• Personnel ID checks

• Privately Owned Vehicle (POV) Inspections

• Commercial/Large Vehicle Inspections

Site Functions. 2-2.1

ECF/ACP site functions include, but are not limited to, Approach Zone, Access Control Zone, Response Zone, Passive Vehicle Barriers, Active Vehicle Barriers (AVB), Command and Control, ID check area, Overwatch, Canopies, Turn Arounds, Search Areas, Lighting, and CCTV.

Building Functions. 2-2.2

Visitor Control Center (VCC), Guard Booths (Vehicle ID Check and Pedestrian ID Check), Search Area Building, Command and Control, Communications, Mechanical, Electrical, Latrine, Storage, and Overwatch are some building function components of the ECF/ACP.

Multi-Function ECFs/ACPs. 2-2.3

Where appropriate, ECF/ACP functional requirements should be consolidated or isolated to best maintain an installation’s mission.

Mixed Vehicles. 2-2.3.1

An installation with limited access control space may combine all the above functions within a single ECF/ACP or an installation with high commercial vehicle demand may designate one isolated ECF/ACP for commercial vehicle inspections. When combining or isolating ECF/ACP functional requirements, designers must consider the destination of each user (visitors, commercial vehicles, etc.) and the real estate available to provide adequate facilities.

Commercial Vehicles. 2-2.3.2

Within a combined ECF/ACP, truck processing must be segregated from POV processing. Traffic lanes that require speed management to delay a high performance passenger vehicle should exclude truck traffic from these lanes. The effectiveness of most speed management techniques for passenger vehicles decreases when trucks must use the same lanes.

Oversized Vehicles. 2-2.3.3

When designating the functions for all ECFs/ACPs at an installation, give consideration to the requirements to support oversized, atypical vehicles such as those frequently encountered during construction operations or during mobilization of military vehicles and equipment. These atypical vehicles should be supported by at least one limited use or primary/secondary ECF/ACP, which may require modifications such as wider lanes, limiting the use of channelization islands, or limiting potential obstructions. It is recommended that canopies cover all inbound lanes and that random, infrequent oversized vehicles be directed to limited use ECFs/ACPs or be directed through outbound lanes with the appropriate traffic management.

ECF/ACP FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS.2-3

The functional diagrams shown in Figure 2-1 through 2-4 illustrate general relationships and desired adjacencies for different types of ECFs/ACPs. These can be modified based on installation or site-specific requirements for an ECF/ACP. See SDDCTEA Pamphlet 55-15 Traffic and Safety Engineering for Better Entry Control Facilities, Army Standard for Access Control Points’ and ‘Army Access Control Points Standard Design, and Air Force Civil Engineer Center’s Facilities Dynamic Prototypes Design: Entry Control Facilities/Installation Access Control Points (ECF/IACP) for additional layout options.

The UFC defines functional flow requirements for ECPs/ACPs including visitor processing, truck inspection, and random inspections. All ECFs/ACPs must have a mechanism to conduct select inspections after the ID check area. In some cases, security requirements may require that all vehicles be inspected prior to entry. Where and when random inspection activities occur, facilities and procedures must be developed to minimize the impact to traffic flow on the main approach.

Figure 2-1 Visitors/DoD Personnel ECF/ACP – Functional Relationships

Figure 2-2 DoD/Authorized Personnel Only ECF/ACP – Functional Relationships

Figure 2-3 Commercial Vehicle ECF/ACP: Functional Relationships

Figure 2-4 Primary ECF/ACP w/POV, Visitor, and Commercial Vehicle Processing

Table 2-2 ID #s for Figure 2-4

APPROACH ZONE

ACCESS CONTROL ZONE

RESPONSE ZONE

1 - Approach

6/8/9 - ID Check Area POV and Truck including Search Office

6B/9B – Onto the Installation or Turnaround/Rejection

Point at 9A/TR.2A

2 - Queue TR.2 – Truck Inspection 10 - Final Denial Barrier and

Overwatch Location

3/4/5 - Visitor Control

7- ID Check Area Guard Booth

4A- Turnaround

6A – Turnaround/Rejection Point

TR.1 - Truck Holding Area

PLANNING AND SITE SELECTION CRITERIA CHAPTER 3

PLANNING.3-1

Proper planning will help ensure that ECFs/ACPs meet an installation’s needs, satisfy ECF/ACP priorities, satisfy ECF/ACP functions, and accommodate future development plans. Through proper ECF/ACP planning and design:

• Needed security can be achieved

• Safety of motorists can be provided

• Safety of guards can be enhanced

• Traffic and safety impacts can be mitigated

• Sustainable elements can be integrated

• Clear and intuitive transaction experience for entry candidate and gatekeeper can be achieved

• Facilities can provide an aesthetic sense of professionalism

The following stakeholders should be involved in the planning and design of an

ECF/ACP:

Installation Stakeholders

• Antiterrorism Officer (ATO)/Security Forces

• Engineering and Public Works

• Community/Master Planning

• Safety Officers

• Communication Officers

• Installation Command

• Housing Contacts

Other Military Stakeholders

• Surface Deployment and Distribution Command Transportation Engineering Agency (SDDCTEA)

• ECF/ACP Service Branch Representative

• Command Groups

• Major/Tenant Commands

Other Stakeholders

• Local Police

• Emergency Services (Fire/Ambulance)

• Local Municipality/County

• State Department of Transportation (DOT)

• Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING AND SAFETY STUDY. 3-2

A traffic engineering and safety study must be conducted or validated by SDDCTEA prior to initiating ECF/ACP planning and programming documentation. This engineering and safety study is recommended prior to the modification of an existing ECF/ACP and prior to the implementation of active vehicle barriers (AVB) and automated equipment.

A traffic engineering and safety study is required prior to the major modification of an existing ECF/ACP and prior to the design of a new ECF/ACP. Traffic engineering and safety study guidance is defined in SDDCTEA Pamphlets 55-15 and 55-8. Traffic engineering and safety study must be performed in accordance with Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) or the host nation. As a minimum, the study must develop and identify demand requirements/volumes for vehicles, and also include pedestrians and multi-modal transportation. Recommend traffic engineering and safety study be included as part of the contracted engineering effort to develop the request for proposal (RFP) for a design build construction project.

The traffic engineering and safety study must, at a minimum, include the following:

• Current peak hour demand volume for both POVs and commercial vehicles.

• Current peak hour vehicle search demand volume for both POVs and commercial vehicles.

• Current peak hour pedestrian and bicycle demand volume.

• Reasonable development of proposed Design Hourly Volume (DHV).

• ECF/ACP capacity impacts caused by intersections or other roadway features prior to the approach zone and immediately after the response zone.

Intersections and other roadway features that are located within the approach and response zones must also be analyzed for traffic volume impacts.

• Identify the required number of ID check lane.

• Identify visitor control center (VCC) processing and parking requirements.

SDDCTEA Pamphlets 55-15/55-8 provides additional study elements to be considered.

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA.3-3

The ECF/ACP must be planned, designed, and so located as not to create un-safe off- Installation traffic queuing or any other un-safe traffic practices as defined by Surface Deployment and Distribution Command Transportation Engineering Agency (SDDCTEA) and all other applicable roadway standards/criteria.

When considering alternative locations for an ECF/ACP, a properly designed concept is needed. The concept must be drawn to a scale satisfying geometric design requirements, meeting service requirements and must include the appropriate number of lanes determined by the traffic engineering study and needed features. The concept can be used to determine if a site is a feasible location for an ECF/ACP. It is important to include the stakeholders in the alternative evaluation process as they may have considerations to be addressed.

Location and Master Plan Coordination. 3-3.1

Installation Master Plans and Future Development Plans must depict future ECF/ACP needs and locations when possible. When ECFs/ACPs are depicted on master plans and future development plans, they must be based on the results of a traffic engineering and safety study and must be scaled to meet design requirements.

Comply with the requirements of UFC 4-010-01. ECF/ACP selection is dependent on several considerations and it is beneficial to consider alternatives. Key considerations include:

• Antiterrorism Standards

• Master Plans and Future Development Plans

• Compatible Land Use

• Environmental Constraints

• Topography

• Utilities

• Proximity to Majority of Final Facility Destinations

• Other Restrictions

Compatible Land Use.3-3.1.1

If possible, ECFs/ACPs should not be located near mission-critical areas, restricted areas or residential areas unless the ECF/ACP’s purpose is to serve that area.

Carefully evaluate master and future development plans for the installation and the surrounding community when selecting a site for a new ECF/ACP or modifying existing facilities. All ECF/ACP development plans must accommodate future modifications necessitated by increased demand or revised security measures.

Environmental Constraints.3-3.1.2

Consider the impact to existing environmental systems as well as constraints that may prohibit development in certain areas, including wetlands, protected habitats and resources, and restoration sites.

Master Plans and Future Development Plans. 3-3.2

ECFs/ACPs are key nodes within installation circulation plans. Base circulation/transportation plans address the critical relationship between circulation and land use. The installation’s future development, mission changes, population, facilities, and infrastructure must be synchronized with its circulation system. The ECF/ACP designer must consult with the installation planner regarding development scenarios, future facility projects, land use patterns, strategic vision, base capacity profile and other planning considerations impacting access to base cantonment area, military family housing, training and operating areas, and critical linkages with regional transportation systems.

The base planner can also facilitate coordination with Antiterrorism/Force Protection (AT/FP) experts to assist the designer’s understanding of spatial separation requirements, controlling threats, and needed ECF/ACP levels of service. Growth and expansion must also be addressed during these conversations.

Sustainability. 3-3.3

Sustainability is a major factor in installation planning. Impacts on ECF/ACP design will include considerations for multi-modal (or intermodal) access to the installation.

Emphasis on alternative transportation modes suggests future demand for pedestrian, bicycle, and van/car pool or bus lanes to expedite safe access to the installation.

(Visitor Center projects must also be integrated into base transportation plans.)

Intermodal suggests coordination with off-base circulation systems to consider connections to public transit, light rail, park & ride and pedestrian access points to emphasize sustainable transportation systems. Additionally, base planners will coordinate with local community planners for integrated circulation between the regional and installation networks.

ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF AN ECF/ACP CHAPTER 4

ECF/ACP ZONES. 4-1

An ECF/ACP is subdivided into four zones, each encompassing specific functions and operations. Beginning at the installation property boundary, the zones include the approach zone, access control zone, response zone, and the safety zone. Specific components are used within each zone to conduct the necessary operations. The location of each zone of the ECF/ACP is illustrated in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1 ECF/ACP Zones

Source: SDDCTEA Pamphlet 55-15

Approach Zone. 4-1.1

The Approach Zone lies between the installation boundary/entrance and the beginning of the Access Control Zone. For the purpose of traffic and security analysis, it is appropriate to consider the approach beyond the installation boundary. The Approach Zone is the interface between the off-installation road network and the access control zone, and the area where all vehicles must traverse before reaching the ID checkpoint within the Access Control Zone. Refer to Section 5-3 for Approach Zone requirements and design methodology.

Design Elements. 4-1.1.1

The Approach Zone must include design elements to support the following functions and operations:

• Reduce the speed of incoming vehicles to, or below, the design speed of the

ECF/ACP.

• Perform sorting of traffic by vehicle type (e.g., sorting commercial/large vehicles or visitors into the proper lane) before reaching the inspection area or checkpoint.

• Provide adequate stacking distance for vehicles waiting for entry, especially during times of peak demand, to ensure minimal impact on traffic approaching the installation and on traffic safety operations of adjacent public highways.

• Provide the first opportunity to identify potential threat vehicles, including those attempting entry through the outbound lanes of traffic.

Size of the Approach Zone. 4-1.1.2

The length of the Approach Zone is based on available land, distance required for queuing and performing traffic sorting, and the space required to create additional lanes of traffic without queuing excessively onto adjacent public highways, based on FPCON Bravo+ conditions. The design must also support measures that may be needed during higher FPCON levels, the use of RAMS at lower FPCON levels, and the temporary placement of traffic barriers as specified in the Installation AT Plan to constrain and slow traffic. Space may also be required to support speed management techniques to mitigate high-speed threats.

Access Control Zone. 4-1.2

The Access Control Zone is the central part of the ECF/ACP and includes guard facilities and traffic management equipment used by…