Attachment B_SWiPS_Amend 001_changes identified_L1-SWIPSSPEC-0011_V0.1.pdf

SWFO SWiPS SPEC 422-L1-SWiPSSPEC-0011 ii Check the SWFO-L1 Portal at (UPDATE) https://goessp.ndc.nasa.gov to verify correct version prior to use.

SWFO – L1 SWiPS Specification Requirements (SPEC)

Signature/Approval Page

Prepared by:

Michael Honaker Date SWFO-L1 SWiPS Instrument Engineer NASA/GSFC, Code 422

Reviewed by:

Gus Comeyne Date SWFO-L1 Deputy Project Manager

Approved by:

Gene Martin Date SWFO-L1 Project Manager iii Check the SWFO-L1 Portal at (UPDATE) https://goessp.ndc.nasa.gov to verify correct version prior to use.

CM FOREWORD

This document is a Space Weather Follow On - Lagrange 1 (SWFO-L1) Project Configuration Management (CM)-controlled document. Changes to this document require prior approval of the applicable Configuration Control Board (CCB) Chairperson or designee. Proposed changes shall be submitted to the SWFO-L1 CM Office (CMO), along with supportive material justifying the proposed change. Changes to this document will be made by complete revision.

Questions or comments concerning this document should be addressed to:

NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center SWFO-L1 Project Office, Code 422 Attention: Configuration Management Office Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 iv Check the SWFO-L1 Portal at (UPDATE) https://goessp.ndc.nasa.gov to verify correct version prior to use.

Change History Log

REV

LEVEL DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE APPROVED

BY

DATE

APPROVED

0.0 Initial Release

0.1 Updated section 4.2.1 to increase the maximum mass from 9 to 12 kg.

Updated section 4.2.3 operational power to increase the power from 11 to 15 W.

Updated section 7.1 to clarify that the contamination levels shown in table 7-1 for all conditions from launch on are not requirements and do not need to be verified.

Updated Electromagnetic Compatibility section 8.6 completely with latest expected environments.

Dec 5, 2019 v Check the SWFO-L1 Portal at (UPDATE) https://goessp.ndc.nasa.gov to verify correct version prior to use.

Table of TBDs/TBRs/TBPs

Action Item No.

Location Summary Individual/ Organization

Actionee vi Check the SWFO-L1 Portal at (UPDATE) https://goessp.ndc.nasa.gov to verify correct version prior to use.

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction

1.1 General Information

1.2 Scope

2.0 Applicable Documents

3.0 Contract Description

3.1 SWiPS Description

3.2 Ground Support Equipment Description

4.0 Functional/Performance Requirements

4.1 SWiPS Performance Requirements

Thermal Plasma Ion Velocity Products

4.1.1.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities

4.1.1.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocity Accuracy

Thermal Plasma Ion Density Products

4.1.2.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Densities

4.1.2.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Density Accuracy

Thermal Plasma Ion Temperature Products

4.1.3.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperatures

4.1.3.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperature Accuracy

Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Products

4.1.4.1 Solar Wind Dynamic Pressures

Refresh Rate and Latency Field of View (FOV)

4.2 Resource Allocations

Mass Physical Envelope Operational Power Peak Operational Power Survival Heater Power Telemetry Transient Magnetic Field Static Magnetic Field

4.3 SWiPS Operating Modes

In-Flight Calibration Mode Transitions Deterministic Power-on Configuration Safe Mode

4.3.4.1 Entry into Safe Mode

Fail-safe Recovery Mode Normal Operational Mode On-Orbit Operations Station Keeping/Maneuver Mode Activation

Instrument Diagnostic Mode

4.4 Power

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Voltage Range Abnormal Voltages Power Transients Sudden Removal of Power Over-Current Protection Primary Power Return Ground Turn-on Current Transients Operational Current Transients

4.5 Electrical Grounding

Primary Power DC Isolation Survival Power Isolation Internally Generated Secondary to Primary DC Isolation Internally Generated Secondary Return Mechanical Contact Resistance Grounding Connector DC Resistance

4.6 Signal And Data Interfaces

Passive Analog Telemetry Data Signal Interface

4.6.2.1 Telemetry Source Packet Format

4.6.2.2 Command Source Packet Format

Clock Signal Interface Command and Housekeeping telemetry Commands for Autonomous Functions Limits and Triggers On-Board Processor Reset Microswitches

4.7 Flight Software

Flight Load Non-volatile Memory Software Updates Software Table Updates Flexibility and Ease of Software Modification Version Identifiers Warm Restart Memory Tests Memory Dump Fault Detection and Correction Control

Health and Safety Monitoring

5.0 Physical Requirements

5.1 Interface and Design Units and Exculsions

5.2 Mass Properties Accuracy

SWiPS Instrument Mass Accuracy Center of Mass Location Center of Mass Accuracy Determination of Moments and Products of Inertia

5.3 Mounting

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Surface Flatness Method

5.4 Coordinate System and Alignment

6.0 Environmental Requirements

6.1 Mechanical Factors of Safety

6.2 Quasi-Static Acceleration

6.3 Frequency Requirement

Fundamental Launch Frequencies

6.4 Vibration

Sinusoidal Vibration Random Vibration

6.5 Shock

6.6 Acoustics

6.7 Transportation

Transportation Cleanliness

6.8 Pressure

Operating Pressure Range Maximum Depressurization Rate Launch Vehicle (LV) Environmental Control System (ECS) Impingement

6.9 On-Orbit Dynamic Environment

6.10 Thermal Requirements

Flight Interface Design Temperature Limits

6.11 Charged Particle Radiation Requirements

Definitions Non-Destructive Events (SEUs, SETs, SEFIs, SHEs, and MBUs)

6.11.2.1 Single-Event Effect Rate Calculations

Destructive Events

6.11.3.1 Single Event Latchups (SELs)

6.11.3.2 Single Event Gate Rupture (SEGRs), Single Event Burnout (SEB)

Charging Environment Total Ionizing Dose Displacement Damage Dose

7.0 Contamination control

7.1 SWiPS Surface Cleanliness Requirements

7.2 Contamination Generation

Particulate Generation Molecular Contamination Generation

7.2.2.1 Molecular Material Restrictions

7.3 Vacuum Bakeouts

7.4 Contamination Analyses

7.5 Venting Requirements

7.6 Instrument Purging (including during integrated Observatory activities)

7.7 Cleanability and Protection

7.8 Electrostatic Cleanliness

Conductive Surface Ground Path Conductive Surface Resistivity ix Check the SWFO-L1 Portal at (UPDATE) https://goessp.ndc.nasa.gov to verify correct version prior to use.

Closeout of Gaps and Apertures Exposed Harness Specific Requirements Thermal Blankets

8.0 Design & Construction Requirements

8.4 Electrical

Test Sensors MGSE Grounding Connector Specifications

8.4.3.1 Contact Derating

8.4.3.2 Redundant Contact Derating

8.4.3.3 Signal Segregation

8.4.3.4 Test and Flight Signal Isolation

Test Interfaces

8.4.4.1 Facility-Induced Noise

8.4.4.2 Facility-Induced ESD GSE Malfunction

8.4.4.3 Facility-Induced GSE Malfunction

Mitigation of Internal Charging

8.4.5.1 Mitigation Strategies for Internal Charging

8.4.5.2 Floating Conductors

8.4.5.3 Dielectric Structures

8.5 Safety

8.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility

Conducted Emissions

8.6.1.1 Applicability of Conducted Emissions

8.6.1.2 CE101 – Differential Mode Current Emission Limits

8.6.1.3 CE102 – Differential Mode Current Emission Limits

8.6.1.4 Common Mode Current Emissions Limits

8.6.1.5 Conducted Emissions, Time Domain, Transients

Conducted Susceptibility

8.6.2.1 Applicability of Conducted Susceptibility

8.6.2.2 CS101 – Power Leads, 30 Hz to 150 kHz Limit

8.6.2.3 CS114 – Power Leads, 150 kHz to 50 MHz Limit

8.6.2.4 CS114 – Power and Signal Cables, Common Mode

8.6.2.5 Conducted Susceptibility, Transients, Power Leads

8.6.2.6 Conducted Susceptibility, Power and Signal Cables, Common Mode

8.6.2.7 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, Impulse Excitation

Radiated Emissions

8.6.3.1 RE102 - Electric Field Emissions

Radiated Susceptibility

8.6.4.1 RS103 - Electric Field (Launch)

8.6.4.2 RS103 - Electric Field (On Orbit)

8.7 Identification and Marking

8.8 Workmanship

Connectors

8.9 Reliability and Mission Lifetime

Mission Life x Check the SWFO-L1 Portal at (UPDATE) https://goessp.ndc.nasa.gov to verify correct version prior to use.

Operating Time Trouble-Free Time

8.10 Ground Handling

Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Design Lifting Hardware Manual Lifting Hardware GSE Cleanliness GSE Bakeout Test Harness

8.11 Interface Documentation

Mechanical Interface Electrical Interface Data Interface

9.0 Mechanical Design Requirements

9.1 Structural Requirements

Component Fatigue Fracture Control Requirements

9.2 Fastening Systems

Factors of Safety Supplemental Factor Ultimate Design Loads Yield Design Loads Design Separation Load Fastener Locking and Retention

9.2.6.1 Thread Engagement

9.2.6.2 Locking Feature Verification

9.2.6.3 Locking Feature Installation

9.2.6.4 Snap Ring & Cotter Pin Use Limitation

9.2.6.5 Snap Ring & Cotter Pin Use

9.2.6.6 Liquid Locking Compounds

Fastened Joints Criteria

10.0 Logistics

10.4 I&T Deliverables

10.5 Ground Support Equipment

Electrical System Test Equipment SWiPS Emulator (SWiPSE)

10.6 Transportation Equipment

Shipping Container

11.0 Verification Requirements

11.4 Verification Methods

Inspection Analysis Test

11.5 Inspection Requirements

Visual Inspection Physical Measurement xi Check the SWFO-L1 Portal at (UPDATE) https://goessp.ndc.nasa.gov to verify correct version prior to use.

Documentation Search

11.6 Analysis Requirements

11.7 Test Requirements

Definitions Test Factors Test Tolerances Test Restrictions

11.8 Required Tests

Performance Tests Mass Properties Measurement Static Loads/Strength Test Sine Sweep Survey Sine Vibration Random Vibration Acoustic Test Shock Thermal Vacuum Bake-out

Thermal Vacuum Test Magnetics Test Harness Tests EMI/EMC Tests

Appendix A ABBREVIATIONS and Acronyms xii Check the SWFO-L1 Portal at (UPDATE) https://goessp.ndc.nasa.gov to verify correct version prior to use.

List of Figures

Figure Page

Figure 6-1 Sine Vibration Environment [TBR] Figure 6-2 SWiPS Acceptance [TBR] Random Vibration Environment Figure 6-3 SWFO-L1 S/C Acceptance [TBR] Shock Envelope Figure 6-4 SWFO-L1 S/C Protoflight [TBR] Acoustic Envelope Figure 6-5 Total ionizing dose-depth curve for a 5-year mission at L1 Figure 6-6 Silicon displacement damage dose-depth curve for a 5-year mission at L1 Figure 6-7 Gallium Arsenide displacement damage dose-depth curve for a 5-year mission at L1 ..

Figure 8-1 CE101/CE102 (CE03) Differential Mode Current Emission Limits Figure 8-2 Common Mode Current Conducted Emissions Limit Figure 8-3 Inrush Current Transient Default Limit Figure 8-4 Power Lead Conducted Susceptibility (CS101) Voltage Limit Figure 8-5 Conducted Susceptibility Power Limit (30 Hz to 150 kHz) Figure 8-6 Conducted Susceptibility Transient Waveform Figure 8-7 Common Mode Conducted Susceptibility Calibration Limit Figure 8-8 Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads, 150 kHz to 50 MHz Limit Figure 8-9 CS115 Default Limit Figure 8-10 Unit Level RE102 Radiated Electric Field Emission Limits [TBR] Figure 11-1 Thermal Vacuum Profile

List of Tables

Table Page

Table 2-1 Applicable Documents Table 6-1 Factors of Safety Table 6-2 SWiPS Design Limit Loads [TBR] Table 6-3 Qualification [TBR] Level Shock Response Spectrum Table 6-4 Transportation Loads Table 6-5 Temperature Limits at Instrument Mounting Interface Table 6-6 Dose requirements as a function of shielding for TID in silicon, DDD in silicon and DDD in gallium arsenide Table 7-1 SWiPS Lifetime Contamination Requirements Table 7-2 Thermal Blanket Area vs. Grounding Tabs Table 8-1 Emission and Susceptibility Requirements Table 8-2 RS103 Radiated Susceptibility Levels (Launch) Table 8-3 RS103 Radiated Susceptibility Levels (On Orbit) Table 11-1 Test Factors and Durations Table 11-2 Test Tolerances Table 11-3 Thermal Vacuum Test Parameters

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1.2 SCOPE

This specification describes the performance and electrical, mechanical, environmental, and verification testing requirements for a space-qualified Solar Wind Plasma Sensor (SWiPS) for the Space Weather Follow-On at Lagrange 1 (L1) Mission.

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2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

The following documents and drawings in effect on the day this specification was signed shall apply to the fabrication and to the electrical, mechanical, and environmental requirements of the SWiPS to the extent specified herein. In the event of conflict between this specification and any referenced document, this specification will govern, with the exception of the SWFO-L1 SWiPS Statement of Work (422-L1-SWiPSSOW-0010), in which case the Statement of Work takes precedence.

The following is a list of the applicable specifications and publications.

Table 2-1 Applicable Documents

Document Number Title

422-L1-SWiPSSOW-0010 SWFO-L1 SWiPS Statement of Work 422-L1-SWiPSCDRL-0012 SWFO-L1 SWiPS Contract Deliverables Requirements List (CDRL) ANSI/TIA/EIA-422-B Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Digital Interface Circuits

ANSI/TIA/EIA-644-A-

Electrical Characteristics of Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) Interface Circuits

NFPA 70 National Fire Protection Association National Electric Code NASA-STD-5001B Structural Design And Test Factors Of Safety For Spaceflight Hardware NASA-STD-8719.24 NASA Expendable Launch Vehicle Payload Safety Requirements NASA-STD-6016 Standard Materials and Processes Requirements for Spacecraft NASA-HDBK-7005 Dynamic Environment Criteria NASA-STD-7001 Payload Vibroacoustic Test Criteria IEST-STD-CC-1246E Product Cleanliness Levels And Contamination Control Program ASTM E-595-07 Standard Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected Volatile

Condensable Materials from Outgassing in a Vacuum Environment MIL-DTL-5541 Chemical Conversion Coatings on Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys MIL-A-8625F Anodic Coatings for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys EEE-INST-002 Instructions for EEE Parts Selection, Screening, Qualification, and Derating MIL-STD-461G Military Standard, Electromagnetic Emission And Susceptibility

Requirements For The Control Of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) GSFC-STD-7000A General Environmental Verification Standard (GEVS) NASA-STD-5019A Fracture Control Requirements for Spaceflight Hardware NASA-STD-5020 Requirements for Threaded Fastening Systems in Spaceflight Hardware NASA-STD-5017A Design and Development Requirements for Mechanisms NASA-HDBK-4002A Mitigating In-Space Charging Effects—A Guideline FAA AC 20-71 Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular (AC) 20-71, “Dual

Locking Devices on Fasteners".

NASM 33540 Safety Wiring, Safety Cabling, Cotter Pinning, General Practices for SAE AS567 Safety Cable, Safety Wire, Key Washers, and Cotter Pins for Propulsion

Systems, General Practices for Use of MSFC-STD-3029A Guidelines for the Selection of Metallic Materials for Stress Corrosion

Cracking Resistance in Sodium Chloride Environments MIL-STD-462, Notice 2 Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics, Measurement of, 1 May 1970 ISO 14644-1:2015 Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration ISO 14644-3: 2005 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments -- Part 3: Test methods

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Document Number Title

CCSDS 133.0-B-1 Space Packet Protocol, Blue Book, Issue 1, September 2003 CCSDS 301.0-B-4 Time Code Formats. Blue Book. Issue 3, January 2002

3.0 CONTRACT DESCRIPTION

3.1 SWIPS DESCRIPTION

The Solar Wind Plasma Sensor (SWiPS) is used to measure solar wind, a super-sonic flow of hot plasma from the Sun and provide early warning of changes which affect the geomagnetic environment. The measurements are used to characterize coronal mass ejections (CMEs), co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs), interplanetary shocks and high speed flows associated with coronal holes. In particular, SWiPS measurements include the bulk ion velocity, ion temperature and density and derived dynamic pressure.

The SWiPS contract includes the delivery of one (1) flight model (FM) instrument and one (1) Engineering Development Unit (EDU) instrument [TBR], flight harness(es) between instrument boxes, if applicable, and enough spares and built-up sub-assemblies for one additional FM

[TBR].

3.2 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

The SWiPS contract includes the delivery of (2) sets [TBR] of the Electrical System Test Equipment (ESTE), (2) [TBR] SWiPS Emulators (SWiPSEs), and (1) One Ground Processing Development System (GPDS). Additionally, Mechanical Ground Support Equipment (MGSE) such as lifting fixtures/handles, shipping containers, purge carts, drill templates, test fixtures, non-flight protective covers, etc. are included in the delivery. Electrical Ground Support Equipment includes, but is not limited to, test cables and break-out boxes as required.

Ground Support Equipment is necessary to operate the instrument during spacecraft testing.

Supplying this equipment is considered part of the delivery for the instrument. More information is provided in the contract deliverable requirement list (CDRL).

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4.0 FUNCTIONAL/PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

This section defines the functional and performance requirements for the SWiPS.

The requirements in this Specification pertain to the SWiPS ‘system’, which may include all instrument hardware, software, and ground processing algorithms. The SWiPS contractor is not responsible for the operational ground system, but certain specifications will require ground processing after collection but before data distribution for which the contractor is responsible for defining and developing.

4.1 SWIPS PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Thermal Plasma Ion Velocity Products

4.1.1.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities

The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities ≥ 200 and ≤ 2500 km/sec.

4.1.1.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Velocity Accuracy

The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Velocities with an accuracy of ± 10%.

Thermal Plasma Ion Density Products

4.1.2.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Densities

The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Densities ≥ 0.1 and ≤ 150 particles/cm3.

4.1.2.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Density Accuracy

The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Densities with an accuracy of ± 10%.

Thermal Plasma Ion Temperature Products

4.1.3.1 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperatures

The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Temperatures ≥ 40,000 and ≤ 2,000,000 °K.

4.1.3.2 Thermal Plasma Ion Temperature Accuracy

The SWiPS shall measure Thermal Plasma Ion Temperatures with an accuracy of ± 10%.

Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Products

4.1.4.1 Solar Wind Dynamic Pressures

The SWiPS measurements will be used to derive Solar Wind Dynamic Pressures ≥ 1 and ≤ 100 nPascals. The Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure is defined as P=1/2*rho*v2, with rho being the

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SWiPS instrument measured thermal plasma ion density and v the SWiPS instrument measured thermal plasma ion velocity.

Refresh Rate and Latency

The SWFO-L1 mission will make Solar Wind data available to SWPC forecasters within 5 minutes of the completion of each data acquisition.

The SWIPS instrument shall have a refresh rate of the ion velocity, density and temperature data acquistion and output of ≤ 60 sec.

The processing of a completed on-orbit data collection by the SWiPS instrument and the transmission to the spacecraft shall contribute ≤ 2 [TBR] seconds to the overall latency of the solar wind data product.

The SWiPS ground processing algorithms contribution to data latency of the SWiPS Level 2 algorithm output shall be ≤ 236 [TBR] seconds.

Field of View (FOV)

The SWiPS FOV shall be unobstructed and centered on a Line Of Sight (LOS) to the sun. The width of the FOV shall be sufficient to ensure measurement requirements can be met 99.9% of the time under normal operating conditions. The SWiPS FOV shall not exceed 125 degrees wide in the ecliptic and 65 wide out-of-the ecliptic (each full angle) [TBR].

The spacecraft will provide an unobstructed field of view.

4.2 RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS

Mass

The SWiPS (including mounting hardware, thermal blankets and cabling) shall have a mass of less than or equal to 9 12 kg (TBR).

Physical Envelope

The SWiPS volume (length*width*height), including mounts, thermal blankets and connectors, for both stowed and operational configurations shall have dimensions that do not exceed a total volume of 34,200 cm3 (TBR). These dimensions pertains to both static and dynamic envelopes of the instrument.

The SWiPS maximum dimension shall be less than 38 cm [TBR].

Operational Power

The SWiPS operational power, including operational heater power, shall be ≤11W 15W [TBR].

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Peak Operational Power

The SWiPS shall have a peak operational power of ≤ TBD W over a maximum duration of 60 seconds.

Survival Heater Power

The SWiPS shall have a survival heater power consumption of ≤ 11 W [TBR].

Telemetry

The SWiPS instrument science and engineering data rate, including all overhead associated with Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) packetization by the instrument at the spacecraft interface, shall not exceed 2 [TBR] Kbits per second (Kbps), when averaged over any 5 (TBR) second period.

Transient Magnetic Field

The SWiPS instrument shall limit varying magnetic field less than 5 Hz [TBR] to less than 4 nT [TBR] zero-to-peak in any axis 1 meter from any face of the unit for any operating mode and changing configurations.

Static Magnetic Field

The SWiPS units shall limit the static magnetic field to less than 40 nT in any axis 1 meter from any face of the unit for any operating mode [TBR].

4.3 SWIPS OPERATING MODES

The SWiPS current operating mode shall be identified by a flag in its telemetry stream.

In-Flight Calibration

The SWiPS shall provide an in-flight calibration mode that provides a test input to support calibration and testing both on the ground and in space.

The SWiPS instrument shall still be capable of providing normal science data while operating in this mode.

The SWiPS in-flight calibration shall be both self-terminating and able to be terminated by a ground command.

Mode Transitions

The SWiPS instrument shall transition from the current mode to any other mode without causing damage to itself.

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Deterministic Power-on Configuration

The SWiPS On-Board Processor shall initialize upon power-up into a predetermined configuration. This predetermined configuration shall not enable any high voltage power supplies. High voltage power supplies shall be enabled by ground command only.

Safe Mode

The SWiPS instrument shall provide a Safe Mode. Safe mode is an operating mode of the instrument during which all non-essential subsystems are shut down and only essential functions are active. Safe mode represents a configuration in which the instrument is thermally, mechanically, and optically “safe” without receiving commands from the Spacecraft.

In safe mode any SWiPS high-voltage power supplies shall be disabled. High voltage power supplies shall be re-enabled by ground command only.

The SWiPS instrument shall be capable of remaining in a safe configuration for at least 120 hours without ground intervention.

4.3.4.1 Entry into Safe Mode

The SWiPS instrument shall enter Safe Mode upon detection of internal faults that are capable of causing damage to the instrument.

The SWFO-L1 spacecraft will monitor up to four analog instrument health and safety parameters defined by the SWiPS contractor and command the SWiPS into safe mode when any of those key values have been exceeded.

The SWFO-L1 spacecraft will monitor up to 12 [TBR] digital telemetry points that are part of the normal instrument generated data stream for instrument health and safety parameters defined by the SWiPS contractor and command the SWiPS into safe mode when any of those key values have been exceeded.

Fail-safe Recovery Mode

The SWiPS instrument shall provide a failsafe recovery mode dependent on a minimal hardware configuration capable of accepting and processing a minimal command subset sufficient to load and dump memory.

Normal Operational Mode

In normal operational mode, the SWiPS instrument shall be in a fully functional configuration in which designed measurements are made in accordance with the performance requirements listed in section 4.1 of this document and are available to be sent to the spacecraft for downlink.

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On-Orbit Operations

The SWiPS instrument shall operate normally, within specification, while flying aboard a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft with orbital limit constraints as stated in this specification.

Station Keeping/Maneuver Mode

The SWiPS instrument shall continuously operate during all spacecraft maneuvers.

The SWiPS instrument may operate in a reduced functional state while the spacecraft uses thruster (i.e., high voltage and or sweep voltage power supplies, if present, may be disabled during any spacecraft thruster firings).

The SWiPS instrument may not meet performance requirements during these maneuvers but shall meet them again after each maneuver is completed within [TBD] secs.

Activation

The SWiPS instrument shall require no active commanding prior to fourteen (14) days [TBR] after launch.

Instrument Diagnostic Mode

The SWiPS instrument shall provide an Instrument Diagnostic Mode.

The SWiPS instrument shall perform at least the following functions while operating in the Instrument Diagnostic Mode:

a) Download RAM contents.

b) Send increased samples per second of a particular SWiPS telemetry parameter.

4.4 POWER

Voltage Range

The SWiPS shall operate over the bus voltage range of +27 to +35 VDC at the primary power inputs during all normal mission phases and for all expected load conditions (except when turned off).

Abnormal Voltages

The SWiPS shall survive without performance degradation after indefinite exposure to an anomalous voltage range of 0 to +40 VDC.

Power Transients

The SWiPS shall meet its performance requirements in the presence of transients specified in MIL-STD-461G, Figure CS115-1 and Figure CS116-2.

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Sudden Removal of Power

The SWiPS shall meet its performance requirements without degradation after exposure to an abrupt, unannounced removal of power.

Over-Current Protection

The SWiPS shall not use non-resetting over-current protection (i.e., fuses) internal to the unit.

Primary Power Return Ground

SWiPS shall provide a dedicated Primary Power return in the same connector as the primary power.

Turn-on Current Transients

The SWiPS shall be capable of receiving limit turn-on input voltage (0 – 35V) with a rise time of 500us or longer.

The SWiPS shall limit its instrument operational power turn-on current ramp rate to less than 2A/microsecond.

The SWiPS instrument shall limit the instrument operational power turn-on current in-rush transient(s) to 1.0A [TBR] for a period less than 20 milliseconds [TBR].

Following initial in-rush, the SWiPS instrument shall limit the instrument operational power current transient(s) to 0.4A peak to peak [TBR].

Note: The spacecraft bus will not drop below 27V during the SWiPS instrument turn on.

Operational Current Transients

The SWiPS instrument shall limit any change in operational power current at any time (including initial power turn-on) to less than 0.2A/µs [TBR].

The SWiPS instrument shall limit the maximum delta change in operational current at any time to 0.1 A [TBR].

4.5 ELECTRICAL GROUNDING

Primary Power DC Isolation

The SWiPS primary power interfaces, primary power and primary power returns, shall be isolated from the unit chassis by a DC resistance of greater than or equal to 10 Megaohms.

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Survival Power Isolation

The SWiPS survival heater power interfaces shall be isolated from the unit chassis by a DC resistance of greater than or equal to 10 Megaohms.

Internally Generated Secondary to Primary DC Isolation

Secondary power (or signal) inputs shall be isolated from primary power by a DC resistance of greater than 10 Megaohms.

Internally Generated Secondary Return

The SWiPS instrument shall reference its secondary returns (power and signal grounds) to the unit chassis ground by connecting them at one or more places.

Mechanical Contact Resistance

The DC resistance of the mechanical contact between two conductive mating surfaces (internal to the unit) shall be less than or equal to 2.5 mΩ DC resistance.

Grounding

The DC resistance between the SWiPS chassis and the observatory chassis shall be ≤ 2.5 milliohms.

The SWiPS shall provide a ground lug for a grounding strap to be attached from the SWiPS chassis for connection to the spacecraft conductive structure [TBR].

The grounding lug location on the SWiPS instrument chassis or the tie points in contact with the ground strap shall have a minimum contact area of 80 mm². The ground lug contact area must remain free of any material finish that may affect the reliability of the ground connection and will be shown in the MICD.

Connector DC Resistance

SWiPS connectors shall be electrically connected to chassis with a DC resistance ≤ 2.5 mΩ.

4.6 SIGNAL AND DATA INTERFACES

Passive Analog Telemetry

The SWiPS shall utilize no more than 6 [TBR] analog signals to monitor critical temperature points when the SWiPS is powered off.

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Command and Housekeeping telemetry

The SWiPS instrument shall provide command and housekeeping telemetry functions in all powered modes.

Commands for Autonomous Functions

The SWiPS shall execute commands to individually enable and disable each autonomous function.

Limits and Triggers

The SWiPS autonomous limits and triggers shall be changeable by command.

On-Board Processor Reset

The SWiPS On-Board Processor shall be reset by command.

An autonomous power-on reset occurrence shall be unambiguously identifiable via telemetry.

Note: This does not imply real-time telemetry as the reset is occurring.

Microswitches

Micro-switches shall only be used for information only and not use to initiate on-board autonomous activity or as an on-board interlock.

4.7 FLIGHT SOFTWARE

Flight Load Non-volatile Memory

The SWiPS flight software image shall be contained in its entirety in non-volatile memory at launch.

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Software Updates

The flight software modules shall be reprogrammable.

Activation of uploaded modified software shall not require an upload of the entire flight software image [TBR].

Software Table Updates

Instrument configuration data (e.g. Table Loads or Configuration Parameters) shall be reprogrammable during integration and test phases and on-orbit without computer restart [TBR].

Modified instrument configuration data (e.g. Table Loads or Configuration Parameters) shall be committed to operational use by ground command.

Flexibility and Ease of Software Modification

The SWiPS flight software shall be deterministic in terms of scheduling and prioritization of critical processing tasks to ensure their timely completion.

Instrument configuration data (e.g. Table Loads or Configuration Parameters) shall be referenced such that data can be loaded and dumped by the ground without reference to memory address.

The definition of instrument commands within the ground database (excluding memory diagnostic/load commands) shall not be dependent on physical memory addresses within the flight software [TBR].

Version Identifiers

The SWiPS software and firmware versions shall each have an internal identifier (embedded in the executive program) that can be included in the instrument engineering data.

This software identifier shall be configuration management controlled.

Warm Restart

The SWiPS flight software shall provide a restart by command with preservation of instrument configuration data and memory tables.

Memory Tests

The SWiPS flight software shall provide a mechanism to verify the contents of all memory areas.

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Memory Dump

The SWiPS flight software, and associated on-board computer hardware, shall provide the capability to dump any memory location.

The flight software memory dump capability shall not disturb normal operations and instrument data processing [TBR].

Fault Detection and Correction Control

If applicable, SWiPS shall provide the capability to enable and disable any internal Fault Detection and Correction (FDC) features.

Health and Safety Monitoring

The SWiPS flight software shall provide health and safety monitoring, including memory checksum and watchdog timer, during integration and test phases and on-orbit.

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5.0 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 INTERFACE AND DESIGN UNITS AND EXCULSIONS

The contractor shall use metric units to design the instrument and for developing interfaces with the spacecraft including any drawings, documents, models, except for the following cases:

• Heritage Component or unit: Components or units that has been previously qualified, or of similar design heritage, may be specified in English units where use of metric equivalents would lead to additional cost to the program.

• Fasteners: Although bolt patterns will be defined using metric dimensioning, use of English fasteners (with hole dimensioning and tolerancing) is permitted.

• Angular Measurement: Angular measurement may be expressed in degree of arc or in an appropriate subdivision of degree of arc such as second of arc (arc-sec) when advantageous to application.

5.2 MASS PROPERTIES ACCURACY

SWiPS Instrument Mass Accuracy

The mass of the SWiPS shall be measured to within ±0.1 kg.

Center of Mass Location

The contractor shall define the center of mass in the Mechanical ICD.

Center of Mass Accuracy

The center of mass of the SWiPS shall be determined to within ±5 mm [TBR] relative to a reference that will be defined in the MCID.

Determination of Moments and Products of Inertia

The Contractor shall determine by analysis the launch and on-orbit moments and products of inertia to an accuracy of ±5.0 percent [TBR] of the maximum principal moment of inertia, referenced to the coordinate axes with an origin at the center of gravity.

5.3 MOUNTING

Surface Flatness

Mounting interface flatness, and co-planarity requirements for the SWiPS side of the interface (including brackets, if any, and shims) shall be as defined in the MICD.

Method

The method by which the SWiPS is mounted to the spacecraft will be defined in the Spacecraft to SWiPS Interface Control Document (ICD).

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5.4 COORDINATE SYSTEM AND ALIGNMENT

The SWFO-L1 spacecraft on-orbit coordinate system uses a right-hand orthogonal, body fixed XYZ coordinate system (Spacecraft Reference Frame - SRF) as follows: the positive XSRF-axis points toward the Sun, the positive YSRF-axis points towards the north ecliptic pole and the ZSRF axis is obtained from the right hand rule. The roll, pitch and yaw rotations are defined about the X, Z, and Y axes, respectively. The origin of coordinate system is at the center of the ESPA ring attachment plane.

The spacecraft will align the sensor axes to within +/-2 [TBR] degrees of the direction specified in section 4.1.6.

The SWiPS shall have clear fiducial marks to enable alignment during integration with spacecraft.

The instrument unit mounting frame is an orthogonal reference frame defined by the locations of the spacecraft side of the instrument unit mounting points. A rigorous definition of this frame will be documented in the ICD.

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6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

Environmental design requirements for the SWiPS Instrument are specified in this section.

The SWiPS shall meet its performance requirements in section 4.0 after exposure to the environments specified in this section.

6.1 MECHANICAL FACTORS OF SAFETY

The SWiPS flight hardware shall demonstrate positive Margins of Safety under limit loads for all yield and ultimate failures using the Factors of Safety (FS) defined in Table 6-1. Margin of Safety (MS) is defined as follows:

MS = (Allowable Stress (or Load) / (Applied Limit Stress (or Load) x FS)) -1

Table 6-1 Factors of Safety

Primary and secondary structure comprised of composite materials, Beryllium, bonded joints and/or bonded inserts shall be proof tested to 1.25 x Limit Load; qualification by analysis only is not acceptable. Actual flight hardware testing is preferred, but testing of representative sets of hardware with a similar qualification argument can be used if approved by the NASA/GSFC

COR.

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6.2 QUASI-STATIC ACCELERATION

Quasi-static acceleration represents the combination of steady-state accelerations and the low frequency mechanically transmitted dynamic accelerations that occur during launch.

The SWiPS shall be designed to withstand the quasi-static design limit loads defined in the mass-acceleration curve (MAC) shown in Table 6-2 without damage or degradation of performance and are to be applied one axis at a time. The design loads shown below will be updated based on the results of coupled loads analysis.

Linear interpolation should be used between breakpoints to determine the appropriate limit load as a function of SWiPS weight. Note that these design limit loads are intended to cover only the low frequency launch environment and must be used in conjunction with the random vibration environments to assess structural margins.

Table 6-2 SWiPS Design Limit Loads [TBR]

MAC Breakpoints Mass (kg) GSFC (g) Moog* RSS (g)

1.0 51.3 125.7

5.0 42.4 60.8

10.0 36.6 44.5

20.0 30.3 32.5

40.0 24.2 23.8

60.0 20.9 19.8

80.0 18.7 17.4

100.0 17.2 15.7

120.0 15.9 14.5

140.0 15.0 13.5

160.0 14.2 12.7

181.0 13.5 12.0 200 12.9 11.5 300 10.8 9.6 400 9.5 8.4

Notes:

1. Moog MAC values are taken from “ESPA User’s Guide, The EELV Secondary Payload Adapter, November 2018

2. Numbers in red are extrapolated from the Moog MAC

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6.3 FREQUENCY REQUIREMENT

Fundamental Launch Frequencies

The SWiPS shall have a fundamental frequency greater than 100 Hz [TBR] when hard mounted at its spacecraft interface. Any unit, which fails to meet the specified fundamental frequency, must supply a finite element model, correlated to modal survey test results up to 50 Hz, to be used in coupled loads analyses. Requirements for the submitted finite element model are shown in the Magnetometer SOW and discussed in Section 11.8.4 of this document.

6.4 VIBRATION

Sinusoidal Vibration

The SWiPS shall undergo qualification, protoflight or acceptance (level depends on qualification status or qualification approach for the unit) sine vibration testing in all three axes at the levels shown in Figure 6-1. Instruments with a first mode greater than 150 Hz can be exempted from sine vibration testing upon approval by the NASA/GSFC COR. A generic sine vibration specification is provided for acceptance levels applied at the SWFO-L1 to SWiPS interface is shown (Note: in Figure 6-1, axial refers to the launch vehicle thrust axis and lateral to either of the other two orthogonal directions). See Section 11.7.1 for definitions of Protoflight, Qualification, and Acceptance.

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Figure 6-1 Sine Vibration Environment [TBR]

Levels may be notched to not exceed 1.25 times the design limit load outlined in section 6.2.

Peak levels at the low end of the frequency range (5 – 20 Hz typically) may be ramped up as needed to accommodate shaker table displacement limitations.

Random Vibration

The SWiPS shall demonstrate its ability to meet its performance requirements after being subjected to the random vibration environment in Figure 6-2 for units weighing 22.7 kg (50 lb.)

or less, applied at the Spacecraft to SWiPS interface.

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Figure 6-2 SWiPS Acceptance [TBR] Random Vibration Environment

The random environment will be updated by NASA once more information is available at the mission level. Note for lightweight SWiPS, the highest design loads may be from this random vibration environment.

The contractor shall provide random vibration analysis along with static loads analysis. Please see NASA-HDBK-7005 and NASA-STD-7001 for more information.

During the random vibration test, the test input level will be reduced (notched) at critical frequencies, if required, to limit the random vibration loads and/or acceleration responses to 3 dB above design limit levels.

Notching shall be limited to -12 dB of the original input and to a bandwidth of less than 100 Hz to limit the random vibration responses to 3dB above design limit levels. Notching beyond these limits will require NASA/GSFC COR approval.

6.5 SHOCK

The SWiPS shall be designed to meet its performance requirements after being subjected to the shock environment in Table 6-3, applied at the SWiPS interface to the SWFO-L1 spacecraft structure.

Table 6-3 Qualification [TBR] Level Shock Response Spectrum

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Freq (Hz) SRS (G) 100 100 800 1700 8000 1700 10000 2200

A shock susceptibility and attenuation assessment (analysis) shall be performed on all Spacecraft units or instruments. If the flight shock environment as shown on a Shock Response Spectra (SRS) plot (Q=10) is enveloped by the curve shown below, then the shock environment can be considered benign and there is low risk in deferring the shock test to the Observatory level and the SWiPS contractor can request a waiver to not perform the shock test at the instrument level.

Analysis supporting this conclusion (i.e. deferral of shock testing) shall be provided to the NASA/GSFC COR for review and approval with the waiver request.

Figure 6-3 SWFO-L1 S/C Acceptance [TBR] Shock Envelope

Any unit determined to be susceptible to the shock environment (e.g., where shock levels are expected to be above the shown curve) shall have shock testing performed at the unit level (preferably on a qualification unit).

Unit self-induced shock testing shall be accomplished by two actuations at the unit level for each self-induced shock source (in order to account for the scatter associated with the actuation of the device) for the first flight unit, and a single actuation on subsequent units.

6.6 ACOUSTICS

The SWiPS shall be designed to withstand, without any damage or degradation of performance, the equivalent Protoflight [TBR] levels shown in Figure 6-4. The SWiPS contractor shall use

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envelope option 1 for the SWFO-L1 design, analysis and testing if required. Note: Envelop option 1 and 2 in Figure 6-4 are the same above 800 Hz.

Figure 6-4 SWFO-L1 S/C Protoflight [TBR] Acoustic Envelope

An acoustic test shall be performed unless an assessment of the unit indicates that it is not susceptible to the expected acoustic environment, or responses are enveloped by random vibration testing, or that testing at higher levels of assembly provides sufficient exposure at an acceptable level of risk to the program as determined by the NASA/GSFC COR.

Unit acoustic tests shall be to Protoflight levels (Acceptance + 3 dB) with a duration of 1 minute.

6.7 TRANSPORTATION

In addition to the launch loads shown above, the SWiPS shall also be designed to withstand the maximum transportation loads shown in Table 6-4 without damage or degradation of performance.

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Table 6-4 Transportation Loads

Transportation Cleanliness

Materials and enclosure used for transportation and storage shall not generate molecular or particle contaminants or degrade the surface cleanliness of the item or adjacent items to level below those required in section 7.

6.8 PRESSURE

Operating Pressure Range

The SWiPS shall be designed to be capable of aliveness testing over a pressure range of 1.08 x 105 N/m2 (813 Torr) to 1.3 x 10-12 N/m2 (1 x 10-14 Torr).

The SWiPS shall meet all performance requirements while under vacuum 1.3 x 10-12 N/m2 (1 x 10-14 Torr).

Maximum Depressurization Rate

The SWiPS shall be designed to meet all performance requirements after exposure to a maximum depressurization rate of -50 mbar/sec (-0.72 psi/sec) experienced during launch and ascent.

Launch Vehicle (LV) Environmental Control System (ECS) Impingement

The SWiPS exterior surfaces shall not suffer damage or degradation when exposed to the LV ECS airflow velocity of 10 m/sec.

6.9 ON-ORBIT DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT

The SWiPS shall be designed to handle all permutation of the following linear and angular acceleration requirements simultaneously.

Dynamic Linear Acceleration

The SWiPS shall survive on-orbit when subjected to the maximum linear acceleration due to nominal thruster firing of ±0.060 m/sec2 in all axes.

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Dynamic Angular Acceleration

The SWiPS shall survive the maximum angular acceleration of ±2.5E-5 rad/sec2 about all axes.

6.10 THERMAL REQUIREMENTS

The SWiPS instrument sensor units shall be thermally conductively coupled to the spacecraft for thermal control (TBP).

The SWiPS instrument heat transferred to the spacecraft shall be limited to 4 Watts [TBR].

The SWiPS shall meet all of its performance requirements after exposure to air temperature between +5 and +30 degrees C and relative humidity between 30% and 70%.

The SWiPS thermal design shall employ thermal coatings properties validated to be accurate for materials and mission flight parameters over the lifecycle of the mission.

Flight Interface Design Temperature Limits

When powered “OFF”, the SWiPS shall be capable of surviving indefinitely when the spacecraft interface temperatures are within the survival limits shown in Table 6-5 without damage or permanent performance degradation.

The SWiPS shall meet all performance requirements when within the Operational and Protoflight/Qualification limits shown in Table 6-5.

The SWiPS shall demonstrate turn on at the Minimum Survival and Maximum operational limits shown in Table 6-5.

Table 6-5 Temperature Limits at Instrument Mounting Interface

Minimum Temperature (ºC) Maximum Temperature (ºC) Operational (In Spec) -10 +40 Protoflight/Qualification (In Spec) -20 +50 Survival (Unpowered) -25 +55

6.11 CHARGED PARTICLE RADIATION REQUIREMENTS

Units containing electronic parts will be exposed to a natural space radiation environment that consists of: (1) trapped particles which include electrons, protons, and heavier ions; (2) particles from solar events (coronal mass ejections and flares); and (3) galactic cosmic ray (GCR) particles.

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Definitions

Total Ionizing Dose (TID) - the mean energy deposited by ionizing radiation in a device region divided by the mass of the region. This is often given in units of rad(Si), where 1 rad(Si) = 100 erg deposited per gram of silicon.

Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity (ELDRS) - used to refer to a part that shows enhanced radiation-induced damage at dose rates below 50 rad(Si)/s. The enhancement is the result of true dose rate effects.

Non-Ionizing Energy Loss (NIEL) - a measure of the rate of energy loss due to atomic displacements as a particle traverses a material.

Displacement Damage Dose (DDD) - the mean energy deposited by ionizing radiation in a device region that goes into atomic displacements divided by the mass of the region. There is no official unit for DDD. One such unit is MeV/g.

Single Event Effect (SEE) - any measurable effect to a circuit due to an ion strike. This includes, but is not limited to, single event upsets (SEUs), single event transients (SETs), single hard errors (SHEs), single event latchups (SELs), single event functional interrupts (SEFIs), single event burnouts (SEBs), single event gate ruptures (SEGRs), and single event dielectric ruptures (SEDRs).

Single Event Upset (SEU) - a change of state or transient induced by an energetic particle such as a cosmic ray or proton in a device. This may occur in digital or analog, circuits and may have effects in surrounding interface circuitry (a subset known as SETs). These are “soft” errors in that a reset or rewriting of the device will usually return the device to normal behavior thereafter.

The general goal for non-destructive events such as SEUs or SETs is not to avoid them completely, but to manage their impact through robust circuit design, automatic correction, and/or operational activities based on knowledge from ground radiation tests and circuit/system analysis.

Single-Event Functional Interrupt (SEFI) - a condition that causes loss of device functionality due to a single event in a control portion of a device. It generally requires a device reset or a re-initialization to resume normal device operations, but for some devices, a power cycle is necessary to resume normal device operations. The general goal for non-destructive events such as SEFI is to avoid them, however, managing their impact through robust circuit design, automatic correction, and/or operational activities may be considered.

Single Hard Error (SHE) - a SEU that causes a permanent change to the operation of a…