Final_RCE WCIS 2 Activity_03222023.pdf

REQUEST FOR CATEGORICAL

EXCLUSION

DOCUMENT PURPOSE:

The purpose of this RCE is to provide the first environmental review of the “Scaling up Investment in Weather and Climate Information Services” activity. The activities range from technical assistance to service delivery. This RCE purposefully documents a detailed Climate Risk Management Analysis for the activity.

PROJECT/ACTIVITY DATA

Project/Activity Name: Scaling up Investment in Weather and Climate Information Services in Senegal Activity (WCIS 2)

Geographic Location(s) (Country/Region): Senegal/Africa

Amendment (Yes/No), if Yes indicate # (1, 2...): No

Implementation Start/End Dates (FY or M/D/Y): June 2023 - May 2028

If Amended, specify New End Date: No

Solicitation/Contract/Award Number(s): TBD

Implementing Partner(s): TBD

Bureau Tracking ID: Senegal WCIS 2 RCE https://ecd.usaid.gov/document.php?doc_id=59244

Tracking ID of Related RCE/IEE (if any): Senegal Food Security and Natural Resource Management (EGO) Programmatic IEE Amd. 1 https://ecd.usaid.gov/document.php

Tracking ID of Other, Related Analyses: Senegal Food Security and Natural Resource Management (EGO) Programmatic IEE https://ecd.usaid.gov/document.php

ORGANIZATIONAL/ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

Implementing Operating Unit(s):

(e.g. Mission or Bureau or Office)

USAID/Senegal Mission

Other Affected Operating Unit(s): N/A https://ecd.usaid.gov/document.php?doc_id=59244

Lead BEO Bureau: AFR/BEO Funding Operating Unit(s):

(e.g. Mission or Bureau or Office)

USAID/Senegal Mission

Funding Account(s) (if available): Initial Sub-obligation Prepared by:

Date Prepared: August 26, 2022

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE REVIEW DATA

Analysis Type: ☒ Request for Categorical Exclusion ☐Deferral

Environmental Determination(s): ☒ Categorical Exclusion(s) ☐Deferred (per 22 CFR 216.3(a)(7)(iv))

RCE Expiration Date (if applicable): 1 September 2028 Additional Analyses/Reporting Required:

Climate Risks Identified (#): Low ___3___ Moderate ___6___ High ___#___ Climate Risks Addressed (#): Low ___#___ Moderate __6___ High ___#___

RCE - WCIS 2 Activity Procurement sensitive

THRESHOLD DETERMINATION AND SUMMARY OF

FINDINGS

PROJECT/ACTIVITY SUMMARY

Senegal is highly dependent on climate and weather sensitive livelihoods, such as agriculture, pastoralism, and fisheries. Owing to this sensitivity and to the highly variable rainfall patterns in the country, the provision of downscaled, timely, and targeted weather and climate information can help Senegalese producers better manage their livelihoods. In Senegal, the National Agency for Civil Aviation and Meteorology (Agence Nationale de l'Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie, or ANACIM) has the mandate to provide different sectors, including agriculture writ large (e.g., farming, fisheries and pastoralism), with weather forecasts and climate analyses in the form of actionable Weather and Climate Information Services (WCIS). ANACIM’s mandate extends to hydro-meteorological services and early warning systems for flood control as envisaged in the National Framework for Climate Services (NFCS).

The primary purpose of this activity is to support USAID/Senegal’s efforts to improve agriculture livelihoods (i.e., farming, pastoralism, fisheries) by increasing the capacity of and facilitating partnerships between ANACIM and the Senegalese private sector. The Activity aims to improve the sustainable delivery of WCIS to Senegalese producers, including women, youth, and other marginalized groups.

Increasing climate variability and the frequency of severe weather events have increased the desire for the design, production, and dissemination of differentiated WCIS products that are downscaled. Thus, the Meteorological Agency recently developed a new vision for WCIS delivery. This new vision strives first to improve the granularity of climate and weather information, making it meaningful over a smaller geographic scale and tailored to fit end-users’ needs. Secondly, it invites private sector actors equipped with distribution platforms to engage in a partnership whereby ANACIM produces the information, and provides translation into products, services and advisories while these private sector actors take on the dissemination work stream.

ANACIM seeks to increase investment in equipment, capacity strengthening, technological innovation, research and analysis to better respond to the needs of their customer base, especially farmers, fishers, and pastoralists. For customer satisfaction to be achieved, the uptake of WCIS should translate into ease of decision making based on information delivered, but also impact in productive activities that are better sheltered against climate variances.

ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS

Upon approval of this document, the determinations become affirmed, per Agency regulations (22 CFR 216).

TABLE 1: ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATIONS

Projects/Activities Categorical Exclusion Citation (if applicable) Deferral1

Activity: Scaling up Investment in Weather and Climate Information Services in Senegal Activity

(WCIS 2)

Objective 1: Facilitate the development of public-private partnerships (PPPs) for the WCIS market

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

§216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

Objective 2: Improve the capacity of public and private sector actors along the WCIS value chain

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

§216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

Objective 3: Scale up public and private investment in the development and dissemination of WCIS

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

1 Deferrals must be cleared through an Amendment to this RCE prior to implementation of any deferred activities.

§216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

Objective 4: Increase target populations’ knowledge of the uses and benefits of weather and climate information and improve demand for services.

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

§216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

Objective 5: Expand WCIS for use in the Public Health and Water Resource Management sectors

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

§216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT

Climate risk management (CRM) is required for all USAID-supported activities as per ADS 201mal and ADS max. Climate risk is the potential for negative consequences on activity objectives and/or outcomes due to changing weather and climatic conditions. The focus of climate risk management at USAID is on the risk to USAID development programming. The CRM process may also identify potential development opportunities associated with current and expected climatic and meteorological changes, including chances to achieve additional development objectives: increasing climate resilience and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Further guidance can be found on USAID’s Climate Risk Management website {https://www.climatelinks.org/integration/climate-risk-management}.

BEO SPECIFIED CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL

N/A https://www.climatelinks.org/integration/climate-risk-management

IMPLEMENTATION

In accordance with 22 CFR 216 and Agency policy, the conditions and requirements of this document become mandatory upon approval. This includes the relevant limitations, conditions and requirements in this document as stated in Section 3 of this RCE and any BEO Specified Conditions of Approval.

USAID APPROVAL OF INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

PROJECT/ACTIVITY NAME: Increasing Private Sector Engagement in Weather and Climate Information Services in Senegal Activity (WCIS 2)

Bureau Tracking ID: https://ecd.usaid.gov/document.php?doc_id=59244

Approval: /s/ Peter Trenchard 03/09/2023 Peter Trenchard, Mission Director Date

Clearance: /s/ Oumou K. Ly 06/30/2022 Oumou K. Ly, Activity Manager Date

Clearance: /s/ Mark Childerhose 03/02/2023 Mark Childerhose, Program Director Date

Clearance: /s/ Abdourahame Ndiaye 09/21/2022 Abdourahmane Ndiaye, Deputy Regional Environmental Officer/ Acting Mission Environmental Officer

Date

Clearance: /s/ Brittany Thomas 09/23/2022 Brittany Thomas, Regional Environmental Officer Date

Clearance: /s/ Oumou k. Ly 09/08/2022 Oumou K. Ly, Climate Integration Lead Date

Clearance: /s/ Carrie Teiken 01/05/2023 Carrie Teiken, Acting Office Director Date

Concurrence: /s/ Colin Quinn 03/20/2023 Colin Quinn, AFR Bureau Climate Integration Lead Date

Concurrence: /s/ Brian Hirsch 03/21/2023 Brian Hirsch, AFR Bureau Environmental Officer Date https://ecd.usaid.gov/document.php?doc_id=59244

DISTRIBUTION:

1.0 PROJECT AND ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE RCE

The purpose of this document is to establish that all proposed activities belong to classes of actions eligible for Categorical Exclusions as set out in Agency regulations (22 CFR 216.2(c)) and that there are no foreseeable significant direct or indirect impacts that would preclude them from receiving a Categorical Exclusion. Upon approval of this document, the Categorical Exclusions are affirmed for the project/activity. This analysis also documents the results of the project/activity level Climate Risk Management process in accordance with USAID policy (specifically, ADS 201 mandatory reference 201mal).

This RCE is a critical element of USAID’s mandatory environmental review and compliance process meant to achieve environmentally sound activity design and implementation.

1.2 PROJECT/ACTIVITY OVERVIEW

The purpose of the WCIS 2 Activity is to enhance resilience, productivity, and nutritional outcomes in fishing and agriculture systems (i.e., farming, livestock, pastoralism) through scaling up investment in the weather and climate information services (WCIS) value chain. Efforts will lead to improved and sustainable delivery of WCIS to Senegalese producers, including women, youth and other marginalized groups. The ultimate outcome of the activity is to enroll a critical mass of end-users, but also ensure consumer satisfaction is met. For customer satisfaction to be achieved, the uptake of WCIS should translate into ease of decision making based on information delivered, but also impact in productive activities that are better sheltered against climate risks.

1.3 PROJECT/ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

Increasing climate variability and the frequency of severe weather events have increased WCIS end-users’ desire for the design, production, and dissemination of differentiated WCIS products that are downscaled. Therefore, there is a large and growing need and interest in improved and more localized WCIS for decision-making in Senegal. Thus, the National Agency for Civil Aviation and Meteorology (ANACIM) recently developed a new vision for WCIS delivery. This new vision strives first to improve the granularity of climate and weather information making it meaningful over a smaller geographic scale and tailored to fit end-users’ needs. Secondly, it invites private sector actors equipped with distribution platforms to engage in a partnership whereby ANACIM produces the information, and provides translation into products, services and advisories while these private sector actors take on the dissemination component. ANACIM seeks to increase investment in equipment, capacity strengthening, technological innovation, research and analysis and the generation of additional resources to better respond to the needs of their customer base, especially farmers, fishers and pastoralists. Depending on the sector, ANACIM will collaborate with other government entities with a role in supplying information, products or services, to identify needs.

TABLE 2: DEFINED OR ILLUSTRATIVE RESULTS

Result 1 — Relevant Government entities have strengthened capacity to produce diversified, tailored and spatially explicit WCIS for farming, fishing, and livestock raising/pastoralism, and an early warning system for flood control and drought forecast.

Result 2 — Relevant Government entities and the private sector developed and operationalized sustainable public private partnerships.

Result 3 — ANACIM achieves broad financial support for the upstream production of observation data and information.

Result 4 — End-Users ability to translate information into actionable decisions in the face of increased uncertainty and climate variability is enhanced and customer satisfaction is achieved.

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

2.1 JUSTIFICATION FOR CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION

The activities foreseen under the “Increasing Private Sector Engagement in Weather and Climate Information Services in Senegal Activity (WCIS 2)” are among the classes of actions listed in 22 CFR 216.2(c)(2) and have no foreseeable significant direct or indirect adverse effect on the environment.

Therefore, under 22 CFR 216.2(c)(1), neither an IEE nor an EA will be required for these activities.

Instead, a Categorical Exclusion is recommended for the activities described above in Section 1.3 as follows:

Under this activity, foreseen interventions will chiefly consist in the provision of technical assistance and service delivery to ANACIM to:

● Build the capacity of ANACIM to strengthen strategic planning, business management expertise, negotiation skills, uptake of technological innovation and other capacities necessary to ensure win-win partnerships.

● Facilitate the engagement between ANACIM and private sector actors and overcome barriers to contract-making, playing the role of an honest broker.

● Support ANACIM to shift toward a pay-for-service model that will achieve sustainability of the WCIS value chain and increase customer satisfaction.

● Reduce risk by assisting in realizing the enabling conditions for high value propositions to emanate from the private sector in the face of competing publicly available WCIS products.

Anticipated interventions will also deliver technical assistance and provide services to the WCIS value chain private sector actors as a means of:

1. Building the capacity of the private sector to gain access to increased capital, finance, and market linkages so as to develop, test, pilot and bring to scale profitable business models for the dissemination of WCIS, ensuring the sustainability of efforts after the life of the activity.

2. Providing private sector actors the skills, flexibility, and innovation necessary to partner and create marketable products, expanding their reach and the array of products the latter make available to producers through their distribution platforms.

3. Enabling market forces to expand WCIS.

Most activities foreseen under this activity will qualify the Contractor as a:

● Facilitator of ANACIM’s engagement with the private sector and other value chain actors

● Enabler of an ecosystem conducive to working public private partnerships

● Honest broker in support of business deals

● Provider of incentives and flexibility toward technological innovation and competitive high value propositions

● Risk mitigator

● Convenor on easing the policy and regulatory framework

At this juncture, the Contractor is mostly needed at the table to facilitate engagement between public and private actors of the value chain, and help to reduce risk. Thus, the foreseen interventions will provide financial, technical, and marketing and other forms of support to ANACIM and the value chain private sector actors in order to:

1. Jumpstart the most promising business models identified.

2. Mitigate the competition of public business models, the main risk facing private sector actors.

3. Provide private sector actors with additional bandwidth to outperform the competition.

Among the envisioned outcomes of providing financial, technical, advisory, marketing, and other forms of support are: a) Reduce production and dissemination costs through technological innovation; and b) Increased competition between private sector actors offering high value propositions and innovative services.

TABLE 3: RECOMMENDED DETERMINATION FOR CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION

Project/Activity and Sub-Activity #

Recommended Determination for Categorical Exclusion

Objective 1:

Facilitate the development of public-private partnerships (PPPs) for the WCIS market

Activities foreseen under this objective are not expected to have significant direct or indirect negative physical or social impacts

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

And §216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

Objective 2: Improve the capacity of public and private sector actors along the WCIS value chain

Activities foreseen under this objective are not expected to have significant direct or indirect negative physical or social impacts

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

And §216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

Objective 3: Scale up public and private investment in the development and dissemination of

WCIS

Activities foreseen under this objective are not expected to have significant direct or indirect negative physical or social impacts

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

And §216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

Objective 4: Increase target populations’ knowledge of the uses and benefits of weather and climate information and improve demand for services.

Activities foreseen under this objective are not expected to have significant direct or indirect negative physical or social impacts

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

And §216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

Objective 5: Expand WCIS for use in the Public Health and Water Resource Management sectors

Activities foreseen under this objective are not expected to have significant direct or indirect negative physical or social impacts

§216.2(c)(2)(i) Education, technical assistance, or training programs except to the extent such programs include activities directly affecting the environment (such as construction of facilities, etc.)

And §216.2(c)(2)(iii) Analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meetings

§216.2(c)(2)(v) Document and information transfers

2.2 CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT

Climate risk management (CRM) is required for all USAID-supported activities as per ADS 201mal and more recently, ADS max. Climate risk is the potential for negative consequences on activity objectives and/or outcomes due to changing weather and climatic conditions. The focus of climate risk management at USAID is on the risk to USAID development programming. The CRM process may also identify potential development opportunities associated with current and expected climatic and meteorological changes, including chances to achieve additional development objectives: increasing climate resilience and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Further guidance can be found on USAID’s Climate Risk Management website {https://www.climatelinks.org/integration/climate-risk-management}

USAID/Senegal completed a climate risk analysis to evaluate the potential climate risks to its development objectives at the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) and Development Objective (DO) levels. After the screening, USAID/Senegal also considered the integration of climate risk management (CRM) into this solicitation of an individual activity. The assessment identified “moderate” and “low” climate-related risks associated with this activity, given the activity itself constitutes a major climate risk mitigation endeavor and a contribution to strengthening adaptive capacity in Senegal. The WCIS 2 activity will also form part of the Mission’s contribution to realizing the Agency Adaptation Target under its Climate Change Strategy (2022 - 2030).

Addressing these climate risks is central to the Senegal WCIS activity.

In the proposal, offerors must describe their approach to climate risk assessment and how the assessment will inform activity implementation and adaptive management at the level of the objectives.

This assessment must comply with any guidance and requirements set forth by the new Agency Climate Change Strategy (2022 - 2030), its annexes, Operational Plan, Working Group recommendations as well as the Senegal Mission Operational Plan and Summary of Conclusions (SOC). It will also align with the new USAID Policy Framework (forthcoming) given climate change will be central to it.

All tasks under the activity will be planned in light of this assessment as an overarching method of managing risks to the project associated with climate variability and change at the level of interventions

RCE - WCIS 2 Activity Procurement sensitive http://www.climatelinks.org/integration/climate-risk-management https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-strategy https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-strategy or activities. Detailed and additional risks to the activity related to climate (such as the need to consider climate in siting and planning of WCIS activities, and in production, translation, distribution and use of WCIS, and the incorporation of climate change into training and planning) will be addressed throughout the activities or interventions once determined beyond objectives, in accordance with the CRM assessment.

The full CRM process, including the Climate Risk Management Summary Table for Activity is documented in Annex 1 to this RCE.

3.0 LIMITATIONS OF THE CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION

The categorical exclusions recommended in this document apply only to activities and sub-activities described herein.

Other activities that may arise must be subject to an environmental analysis and the appropriate documentation prepared and approved, whether it be a new Request for Categorical Exclusion, an amendment, or other type of 22 CFR 216 document.

It is confirmed that the activities described herein do not involve actions normally having a significant effect on the environment, including those described in 22 CFR 216.2(d).

3.1 MANDATORY INCLUSION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS IN SOLICITATIONS, AWARDS, BUDGETS, AND WORK PLANS

USAID will ensure the environmental compliance requirements are incorporated into solicitations, awards, budgets, and work plans, including relevant limitations of Section 3 above. In addition, climate risk management requirements will also be incorporated.

3.2 GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION & MONITORING REQUIREMENTS (IF APPLICABLE)

USAID will ensure that the following requirements are met:

● Provide briefings for Implementing Partner (IP) on environmental compliance responsibilities

● Ensure integration of compliance responsibilities in prime and sub-awards and grant agreements

● Ensure compliance with applicable partner country requirements

● Annual review of project activities to ensure that scope is still covered by Categorical

Exclusion

ATTACHMENTS:

Annex 1: WCIS 2 Activity Climate Risk Mitigation and Climate Risk Management Assessment

Climate Risk Mitigation and Climate Risk Management (CRM) Annex

TO THE STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES (SOO) FOR THE SCALING UP INVESTMENT IN

WEATHER AND CLIMATE SERVICES (WCIS) IN SENEGAL ACTIVITY

I. REQUIREMENTS TO THE OFFERORS

II. CLIMATE RISK

Climate risk management (CRM) is required for all USAID-supported activities as per ADS 201mal and more recently, ADS max. Climate risk is the potential for negative consequences on activity objectives and/or outcomes due to changing weather and climatic conditions. The focus of climate risk management at USAID is on the risk to USAID development programming.

The CRM process may also identify potential development opportunities associated with current and expected climatic and meteorological changes, including chances to achieve additional development objectives: increasing climate resilience and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Further guidance can be found on USAID’s Climate Risk Management website {https://www.climatelinks.org/integration/climate-risk-management}

In 2017, USAID/Senegal completed a climate risk analysis to evaluate the potential climate risks to its development objectives at the Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) and Development Objectives (DO) levels. An initial climate risk screening of the WCIS activity was conducted as part of the Programmatic Initial Environmental Examination (PIEE) covering this Activity. After the screening, USAID/Senegal also considered the integration of climate risk management (CRM) into this solicitation of an individual activity as per ADS 303.1 and ADS

303.2. A further screening will be required and requested upon award. The purpose of the screening is to ensure consideration of climate risk at the activity level, given the detailed activities, geographies, objectives and outcomes.

It is noted that the Activity itself is designed to address climate change related risks and vulnerabilities in farming, livestock raising and pastoralism, fisheries, and hydro-meteorological services. It will also come as a part of the Mission’s contribution to realizing the Agency Adaptation Target under its Climate Change Strategy (2022 - 2030).

The Activity builds on a number of vulnerability assessments conducted under its predecessor, others led by Feed the Future activities such as those for the development and financing of the Fisheries National Adaptation Plan, and the USAID-led Climate Vulnerability Assessment of the Agriculture sector in Senegal (2014). Few Risks are identified in the climate risk screening of the WCIS activity, of which some are rated “low” and/or “moderate” risks to the goals and sustainability of Activity interventions.

RCE - WCIS 2 Activity Procurement sensitive https://www.climatelinks.org/integration/climate-risk-management https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y83n07bINopolsO8b52aMjPewFg-wcIj/view?usp=sharing

With more than 2/3 of the population dependent on agriculture for their livelihood and nearly half of the population living in poverty, Senegal is among the most vulnerable countries to climatic hazards. Indeed, according to experts, climate change in Senegal will be manifested by a decrease in the annual amounts of precipitation, an increased frequency of severe rainfall events, an increase in the dry periods and a rise in temperatures and sea levels. Average annual temperature has increased by 0.9º Celsius since 1975 and is projected to rise by 1.1 to 3.1º by 2060 and no cool nights by 2090, which would amplify the effects of drought. Recent rainfall levels are already 15 percent below the 1920-1969 average, reflecting only a partial recovery from the severe drought of the mid-1990s. Prolonged drought between 1970 and 2000 contributed to rural-urban migration and today approximately three quarters of urban residents reside in unplanned settlements.

III. CLIMATE RISK MITIGATION

Climate Risk Screening and Management Tool for Project Design

Project CRM Tool Output Matrix: Climate Risks, Opportunities, and actions

Country Context

Climate Projections and Impacts

In Senegal, GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions are mostly driven by the agriculture and energy sectors with a need to continue to resolutely revamp the energy mix. Like most of Africa, Senegal is a particularly vulnerable country to climatic hazards. Climate tends to exacerbate vulnerability (more than 2/3rd of the population depend on rain-fed agriculture) where livelihoods are already under substantial non-climate stressors (half of the population living in poverty, significant disparities in access to healthcare, nutritional status of the population marked by uneven consumption of diverse, safe and nutritious food for women of reproductive age and children under two years of age, the need to accelerate market-driven and equitable access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) products and services, etc.). According to experts, the impacts of climate change in Senegal include an expected decrease in the annual amounts of precipitation, an increased frequency of the severe rainfall events, an increase in the dry periods and a rise in temperatures and sea levels.

RCE - WCIS 2 Activity Procurement sensitive https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-risk-screening-and-management-tools https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zez6HYM2jW9bM3_9SsQdoW6s56p8joyA/edit

--Temperatures in Africa have risen faster than the global average --Increases in hot extremes, including heatwaves, projected to continue --Marine heatwaves have become more frequent and are projected to increase --Relative sea level rise has increased faster than the global average --Heavy precipitation events are projected to increase almost everywhere in Africa

--Increases in river flooding --Increases in agricultural and meteorological droughts --Increases in average wind speeds --Increases in heavy precipitation and pluvial (rainfall-driven) flooding --Decreases in some agricultural crop productivity --Shifts in vector-borne diseases

--Increases in monsoon precipitation in Central Sahel --Decreases in monsoon precipitation in far Western Sahel --Delayed seasonal monsoon onset and delayed monsoon retreat

Desertification

--Wetting and greening conditions over the last three decades

Average annual temperature in Senegal, has increased by 0.9º Celsius since 1975 and is projected to rise by 1.1 to 3.1º by 2060 and no cool nights by 2090, which would amplify the effects of drought. Recent rainfall levels are already 15 percent below the 1920-1969 average, reflecting only a partial recovery from the severe drought of the mid-1990s. Prolonged drought between 1970 and 2000 contributed to rural-urban migration and today approximately three quarters of urban residents reside in unplanned settlements.

The UNFCCC 6th Assessment IPCC_AR6_WGII_Summary For Policymakers points to climate change impacts and risks becoming increasingly complex and more difficult to manage.

Multiple climate hazards will occur simultaneously, and multiple climatic and non-climatic risks will interact, resulting in new risks, compounding overall risk, and risks cascading across sectors https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf and regions. Food security (crop loss or failure, heat-stressed livestock productivity, etc), water security and energy security due to drought and heat, and health/nutrition/wash are particularly subject to those emerging cascading effects. Food prices are projected to rise by 2080-2099 across all African countries under a scenario with high challenges to mitigation and adaptation (SSP3 and RCP8.5), In Eastern Senegal, some crops are already harvested at their threshold level. Change in suitable areas for crops is projected.

Country Commitments

The Government of Senegal (GOS) submitted an Intended Nationally-Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC Secretariat in September 2015, in advance of the Paris Summit.

Pursuant to the INDC, Senegal undertook, as an unconditional commitment, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions below “business as usual” by 3 percent in 2020, 4 percent in 2025, and 5 percent in 2030. By “business as usual,” the Government of Senegal meant emissions without mitigation measures. Both the INDC and the subsequent Nationally-Determined Contribution (NDC) continue to contemplate net increases in emissions for the foreseeable future. The INDC added as a “conditional” commitment that these reductions below business as usual could be increased to 7, 15, and 21 percent, respectively, if Senegal received sufficient and timely international finance, transfer of technology, and capacity-building assistance. The INDC took a sector-specific approach, identifying specific projects the GOS wished to undertake in energy, agriculture/forestry, industry/transportation, and management of waste that the GOS estimated would result in the desired emissions reductions. Senegal’s INDC can be found here:

https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Senegal/1/CPDN%20 -%20S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal.pdf

Senegal’s Ambitions and Opportunities for Adaptation

Senegal’s Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDC) submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat in December 2020, includes a National Adaptation Plan (NAP). The NAP takes a sector-focused approach. In addition to the NAP, some ministries have developed sectoral adaptation plans.

● Agriculture (e.g. reclamation of salinized lands; development of drought-resistant agriculture; early-warning systems; integrated agroforestry; promotion of crop insurance)

● Livestock (e.g. animal genetics and health programs; early warning systems; promotion of insurance; capacity building for pastoralists; etc.)

● Fishing (e.g. sustainable fisheries management; increase/improve management of protected areas; restoration of mangroves; promotion of aquaculture; etc.)

RCE - WCIS 2 Activity Procurement sensitive https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww4.unfccc.int%2Fsites%2Fsubmissions%2FINDC%2FPublished%2520Documents%2FSenegal%2F1%2FCPDN%2520-%2520S%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A9gal.pdf&data=04%7C01%7CRoyCE%40state.gov%7C6aef1d18da0c44118fbd08d900b95647%7C66cf50745afe48d1a691a12b2121f44b%7C0%7C0%7C637541618303602882%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=G%2Fdu4Mwp%2BPcra4VZoPAUmXTj3u6APnbMP5NfzT%2BPk9w%3D&reserved=0 https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww4.unfccc.int%2Fsites%2Fsubmissions%2FINDC%2FPublished%2520Documents%2FSenegal%2F1%2FCPDN%2520-%2520S%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A9gal.pdf&data=04%7C01%7CRoyCE%40state.gov%7C6aef1d18da0c44118fbd08d900b95647%7C66cf50745afe48d1a691a12b2121f44b%7C0%7C0%7C637541618303602882%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=G%2Fdu4Mwp%2BPcra4VZoPAUmXTj3u6APnbMP5NfzT%2BPk9w%3D&reserved=0

● Coastal Protection (e.g. identification and better management of coastal erosion risk zones; improving data and modeling; coastal development regulation; etc.)

● Water Management (e.g. construction of reservoirs; desalinization projects; integrated resource management techniques; etc.)

● Biodiversity (strengthening science/research-based approach to habitat management;

strengthening ecosystem management)

● Health (e.g. strengthening integrated epidemiological surveillance; strengthening anti-vector programs; etc.)

● Disaster and Flood Risk Management (e.g. putting in place a National Flood Risk Management Plan; strengthening zoning and urban landscape management; developing flood control and water management infrastructure; etc.)

Some local municipalities and other stakeholders along the coast have developed local and regional adaptation plans focused on the fisheries sector.

Senegal Ambitions and Opportunities for Mitigation

The NDC maintains the INDC’s sector-based approach, identifying specific projects the GOS seeks to implement, which it believes will have the stated emissions-reducing effects. The Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MESD) emphasizes these projects are aligned with the “Plan Senegal Emergent,” the country's multi-year economic development plan, the main goal of which is to boost GDP growth and achieve “emerging economy” status by 2035. Representative projects include:

● Energy: Transformation of the electricity sector from current dominant Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)/diesel generation to a cleaner, more diverse energy mix, including natural gas;

Increasing renewable energy generation capacity from the current 20 percent to 30 percent or more of installed capacity; Achieving specified goals to increase energy efficiency such as solar market business development..

● Industry/Transportation: Implementing mass transit projects, including a World Bank-supported Bus Rapid Transit system in Dakar and the Train Express Regional commuter rail; Implementing a project to replace aging bus and taxi fleets with hybrid and clean-fuel vehicles; Transformation of the industrial sector (including cement manufacturing) to use natural gas.

● Waste Management: Closure of existing open-air waste disposal sites by 2030;

Development of modern regional waste management sites.

● Agriculture/Forestry: Implementing Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) projects in various agriculture areas throughout the country; Implement projects to increase access to irrigation systems and reduce methane emissions for rice cultivation in Senegal’s northern zone; Protect an additional 500,000 hectares of forests; Implement reforestation projects to restore 4,000 hectares of mangroves.

Senegal’s NDC (French only) can be found here:

https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Senegal%20First/CDNSenegal%20 approuv%C3%A9e-pdf-.pdf

Climate Risk Screening and Results

Climate variability and change present few risks to the successful achievement of the WCIS Activity objectives. This activity constitutes in itself a major climate risk management response and resilience building endeavor. It is premised on vulnerability assessments and user needs assessments conducted in different sectors, with particular attention to hydro-meteorological services and early warning systems for flood control. The intent is to: a) build the capacity of relevant partner Government of Senegal entities with a mandate to produce diversified, tailored and spatially explicit WCIS, including the capacity to build an early warning system for flood control and drought forecast; and b)support the Senegalese private sector actors to gain access to increased capital, finance, and market linkages to develop, test and bring to scale WCIS dissemination platforms. As a result, Government entities and the private sector will have developed and operationalized sustainable public private partnerships. The awardees will be better equipped for handling larger financial and program responsibilities or direct awards and the activities will leverage broad support to ANACIM for the upstream production of observation data and information.) Ultimately, the activity will achieve success through the end-Users’ enhanced ability to translate information into actionable decisions, and gain a rewarding experience rendering customer satisfaction effective. In so doing, the implementing partner (IP) is mostly needed at the table to facilitate and help reduce risk posed by the competition from public business models, which is the main risk facing private sector actors.

The IP will help jumpstart the most promising business models and equip private sector actors with additional bandwidth to outperform the competition.

The prime contractor will be required to facilitate and broker engagement between public and private actors of the value chain, and provide financial, technical, brokerage and marketing, and other forms of support toward successful engagement.

The most significant climate risks to the achievement of the objectives of the activity will include, but are not limited to:

RCE - WCIS 2 Activity Procurement sensitive https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww4.unfccc.int%2Fsites%2Fndcstaging%2FPublishedDocuments%2FSenegal%2520First%2FCDNSenegal%2520approuv%25C3%25A9e-pdf-.pdf&data=04%7C01%7CRoyCE%40state.gov%7C6aef1d18da0c44118fbd08d900b95647%7C66cf50745afe48d1a691a12b2121f44b%7C0%7C0%7C637541618303612837%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=X2OFrM0WXFyTk9Zw4TiBsZBIFlJlQ%2BjcEhNfasoXM78%3D&reserved=0 https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww4.unfccc.int%2Fsites%2Fndcstaging%2FPublishedDocuments%2FSenegal%2520First%2FCDNSenegal%2520approuv%25C3%25A9e-pdf-.pdf&data=04%7C01%7CRoyCE%40state.gov%7C6aef1d18da0c44118fbd08d900b95647%7C66cf50745afe48d1a691a12b2121f44b%7C0%7C0%7C637541618303612837%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=X2OFrM0WXFyTk9Zw4TiBsZBIFlJlQ%2BjcEhNfasoXM78%3D&reserved=0

1. Inability to conduct field activities necessary to engage with relevant Government entities and lead activities such as such as training, coaching, provision of business skills, building of negotiation skills with the private sector, demonstrations, etc.

2. Inability to facilitate continued engagement between government and private sector partners and provide mentoring, technical skills, brokerage services, etc.

3. Inability to support and strengthen the enabling policy and reform environment to secure the engagement.

4. Inability to achieve end-user satisfaction and long-term patronizing.

Opportunities to strengthen resilience

This activity provides for a major opportunity to strengthen the resilience of farmers, livestock breeders and pastoralists, and fishermen, and improve the modeling of hydro-meteorological services and early warning systems for flood control.

However, it will need buy-in from the relevant Government entities with a role or mandate to produceWCIS and improve decision-making in the face of climate trends and increased variability. Buy-in from private sector actors with a stake in the development of the WCIS value chain is another pre-condition. Ultimately, end-users will use WCIS only if their experience proves rewarding and customers are satisfied with the local relevance and translation of information into actionable decisions.

USAID New Climate Change Strategy and Senegal Mission Planning

Responding to the climate crisis represents an economic, technological, ecological, and socio-political opportunity for countries to transition into societies with greater equality, well-being, and sustained prosperity for all. Addressing the climate crisis requires a holistic approach to development. Building off of its previous 2012-2018 Climate Change and Development Strategy, USAID strategy released a new Climate Change Strategy (2022 - 2030) in April of this year. This Strategy takes an unprecedented whole-of-Agency approach. At the center of the new Strategy are ambitious targets that USAID aims to achieve by 2030, including:

•Mitigation: support activities that reduce, avoid, or sequester six billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.

•Natural and Managed Ecosystems: support the conservation, restoration, or management of 100 million hectares with a climate change mitigation benefit.

•Adaptation: enable the improved climate resilience of 500 million people.

•Finance: mobilize $150 billion in public and private finance for climate.

•Country Support: align our support with countries’ mitigation and adaptation commitments in at least 80 countries by 2024, and support partners to achieve systemic changes toward meeting those commitments in at least 40 countries.

•Critical Populations: support our partners to achieve systemic changes that increase meaningful participation and active leadership in climate action of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, women, youth, and other marginalized and/or underrepresented groups in at least 40 partner countries.

Five foundational principles will be embedded into all actions taken under the Strategy:

● Locally Led Development

● Equity and Inclusion

● Private-Sector Engagement

● Nature-Based Solutions

● Evidence, Technology, and Innovation

Requirements to IPs

As the Mission strives to contribute to supporting the Agency’s efforts to achieve the high-level Climate Targets, discussion of the climate change indicators with the implementing partner will be tracked; the type of climate and non-climate funding to be employed (e.g., sustainable landscape direct, adaptation indirect/food security, water, governance, education, health) will be determined; and additional support to or requirements of the Mission’s Implementing Partners, such as updates to annual Work Plans, Activity Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plans (AMELPs), new assigned indicators will be updated.

The Mission may also require additional technical expertise or systems analysis, monitoring and reporting, etc. from the IP. to fulfill its contractual requirements under the Strategy and this solicitation.

A detailed initial analysis of potential climate risks to the activity objectives must be submitted within 45 days and the analysis shall inform the Work Plan and AMELP, once interventions and activities have been detailed beyond the stated objectives. The analysis must include the methodology for a more comprehensive activity wide vulnerability assessment.

● The resulting deliverable will be a Climate Risk Management Plan (CRMP) for the Life-of-Project in Year 1 of implementation once the details of interventions or activities are known.

● In subsequent years, the IP will ensure that activities are reevaluated, updated and mainstreamed into the annual Work plans to achieve the objectives of the Strategy and Mission.

Climate Change Screening Matrix

Activity-Level Climate Risk Management Summary Table

In order to document the climate risk management process and its results, the below table must be completed and included in the Environmental Compliance Analysis (e.g. Request for Categorical Exclusion (RCE). Results of the initial activity-level screening should be incorporated into the proposal, and tracked during implementation through the Activity Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Plan (AMELP).

See “Climate Risk Management for USAID Projects and Activities” in https://www.climatelinks.org/ for more information.

the following three objectives:

● Objective 1: Bolster ANACIM’s engagement with public and private sector actors and institutions for ANACIM to evolve toward the role of an enabler of an ecosystem conducive to working public private partnerships and enabler of private sector engagement and investment in relevant WCIS.

https://www.climatelinks.org/

● Objective 2: Scale up public and private investment in the development of the WCIS value chain.

● Objective 3: Expand the enabling conditions and respond to the needs for the integration of climate change and WCIS in the Nutrition sector and Water Resources Management sector.

Climate Risk Management Matrix and Illustrative Risks and Opportunities to Strengthen Climate Resilience

Objectives (Tasks / Defined or Illustrative Interventions once known)

Climate Risks Risk Rating Low / Moderate / High

How Risks are Addressed

Opportunities to Strengthen Climate Resilience

Objective 1:

Facilitate the development of public-private partnerships (PPPs) for the WCIS market

Objective 2:

Improve the capacity of public and private sector actors along the WCIS value chain

Inability to conduct field activities necessary to engage with relevant Government entities and lead activities such as training, coaching, provision of business skills, building of negotiation skills with the private sector, demonstrations, etc.

Moderate If mobility is an issue due to damaged roads and if infrastructure is damaged, leverage technology and hold meetings/training/supervision virtually when in-person is not an option. Provide data credit for phones or hot-spot Wi-Fi devices for stakeholders and deconcentrated services in areas with poor connectivity.

● Incorporate climate considerations in standard activity assessments and evaluations, as well as preventive and mitigation actions in implementation.

● Integrate early-warning systems when planning for activities

● Adopt existing Weather and Climate Information Services (WCIS)

Major events or extreme disasters (heat waves, heavy rains, flooding, coastal inundation, drought, swell, sea storms, etc) in Senegal damage infrastructure and roads, restricting the mobility of people and goods and putting lives at risk

Moderate If mobility is an issue due to damaged roads and if infrastructure is damaged, leverage technology and hold meetings/training/supervision virtually when in-person is not an option. Provide data credit for phones or hot-spot Wi-Fi devices for stakeholders and deconcentrated services in areas with poor connectivity.

● Incorporate the above in regular training of actors.

Major events or extreme disasters (heat waves, heavy rains, flooding, coastal inundation, drought swell, sea storms, etc) damage utility infrastructure, causing electricity or internet connectivity to no longer work, preventing virtual communication and meetings.

Objective 3:

Scale up public and private investment in the development and dissemination of WCIS

Inability to facilitate continued engagement between government and private sector partners and provide mentoring,…