32_12_00_-_FLEXIBLE_PAVING.pdf

Okaloosa County June 2026 “ITB TDD 65-26” Issue for Bid

FLEXIBLE PAVING

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SECTION 32 12 00

FLEXIBLE PAVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Hot-mix, hot-laid, flexible paving, also known as asphalt concrete paving, used for roadways, driveways, parking areas, asphalt concrete sidewalks, and other areas where flexible paving is required by the Contract Documents, including:

a. Preparation, such as sawcutting, milling where shown or indicated, repair of potholes in existing pavement, cleaning, and other preparation for installing flexible paving.

b. Asphalt concrete paving materials.

c. Prime coating.

d. Tack coats.

e. Joint adhesives.

2. Pavement markings where shown or indicated.

a. Quality control and testing.

B. Related Requirements: Include, but are not necessarily limited to:

1. Section 31 23 05 - Excavation and Fill, Section 31 23 33 - Trenching and Backfilling.

1.2 PRICE AND PAYMENT PROCEDURES

A. Measurement and Payment:

1. Flexible paving Work is part of the lump sum bid/pay item indicated on the Bid Form, and part of the Contract, and in Section 01 22 00 - Measurement and Payment.

1.3 REFERENCES

A. Terminology:

1. Terminology indicated below are not defined terms and are not indicated with initial capital letters, but when used in this section have the meaning indicated below:

a. “Flexible paving” means a composite material commonly used in construction projects such as road surfaces, driveways, parking areas, and similar paved surfaces. Flexible paving consists of asphalt (used as a binder) and a mineral aggregate (which may be augmented by recycled materials, such as recycled asphalt pavement or “RAP”) mixed together, installed in layers (courses), and compacted. Flexible paving may be divided into different types of materials, such as base course, binder course, and top course.

Appurtenant materials, such as prime coats, tack coats, joint adhesives, and similar Work, are part of flexible paving Work. The terms “flexible paving”, “asphalt paving”, “asphalt concrete paving”, “bituminous paving”, and derivative terms, such as when the word “pavement” is used in lieu of the word, “paving”, have the same meaning. In this Section, the term “top course” is used, which has the same meaning as the terms ”wearing course”, and the final “surface course”.

b. “Milling” means shaping and removing portions of existing surfaces by the cold milling process and subsequent cleaning.

c. “Subbase” means the layer of compacted aggregate material installed on either the subgrade or, when required, geotextile separation fabric. Courses of flexible paving material are subsequently installed on top of the subbase.

d. “Subgrade” means the uppermost surface of native soil material unmoved from cuts;

the bottom of excavation on which either geotextile or subbase is installed.

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B. Reference Standards: Standards referenced in this section include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:

1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):

a. AMRL - AASHTO Accreditation Procedures Manual for the Accreditation of

Construction Materials Testing Laboratories.

b. M320 - Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder.

c. MP1 - Standard Specification for Performance Graded Asphalt Binder.

2. Asphalt Institute (AI):

a. MS-2 - Mix Design Methods.

3. ASTM International (ASTM):

a. D242/D242M - Standard Specification for Mineral Filler for Asphalt Mixtures.

b. D692/D692M - Standard Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Asphalt Paving

Mixtures.

c. D946/D946M - Standard Specification for Penetration-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in

Pavement Construction.

d. D977 - Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt.

e. D1073 - Standard Specification for Fine Aggregate for Asphalt Paving Mixtures.

f. D1188/D1188M - Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of

Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Coated Samples.

g. D2726/D2726M - Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-

Absorptive Compacted Asphalt Mixtures.

h. D2950/D2950M - Standard Test Method for Density of Asphalt Mixtures in Place by

Nuclear Methods.

i. D3549/D3549M - Standard Test Method for Thickness or Height of Compacted Asphalt

Mixture Specimens.

j. D3666 - Standard Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and

Inspecting Road and Paving Materials

k. D6690 - Standard Specification for Joint and Crack Sealants, Hot Applied, for Concrete and Asphalt Pavements.

l. E329 - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection.

4. Federal Specifications (FS):

a. TT-B-1325D - Beads (Glass Spheres) Retro-Reflective

b. TT-P-1952F - Paint, Traffic and Airfield Marking, Waterborne.

1.4 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS

A. Coordination:

1. Review installation procedures under this and other Specifications and coordinate installation of items that must be installed with, or before, flexible paving Work.

2. Notify other contractors, utility owners, and owner’s of transportation facilities (as applicable) in advance of installing flexible paving to provide such other entities with sufficient time for installing items included in their contracts or projects, as applicable, that must be installed with, or before, flexible paving Work. Sequencing and Scheduling:

1. Schedule and perform flexible paving Work when local hot-mix asphalt concrete plants are open. Contractor’s Progress Schedule shall include appropriate float, relative to flexible paving Work, to accommodate potential early and late seasonal closures and openings of hot-mix asphalt concrete plants and potential effect of weather on the Work.

2. Perform flexible paving Work after other necessary and required Work has been performed, such as providing required traffic controls, adjusting rim elevations of buried items such as

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32 12 00 - 3 manhole covers, valve box covers, and stormwater inlets, and coordination with authorities having jurisdiction.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Regulatory Requirements:

1. Comply with Section 01 14 33 - Work in Rights of Way, which indicates, among other requirements, owner’s of transportation rights-of-way and general requirements concerning roadway work permits.

2. Areas requiring flexible paving Work are owned and under the jurisdiction of Owner , unless indicated otherwise elsewhere in the Contract Documents.

B. Qualifications:

1. Asphalt Concrete Production Facility:

a. Production facility for hot-mix asphalt concrete, prime coat material, tack coat material, crack sealant material, and other bitumastic materials shall be certified by the FDOT for furnishing such materials for highway construction within jurisdiction of such entity.

b. Submit to Engineer documentation of compliance with requirements of this provision, either prior to, or together with, product data Submittals for materials required under this Section.

2. Contractor’s Testing Laboratory:

a. Retain the services of independent testing laboratory to perform testing and determine compliance with the Contract Documents of materials specified in this Section.

b. When Contractor is expressly required, by this Section’s “Field Quality Control” Article or elsewhere in the Contract Documents, to retain testing laboratory for tests required under this Section’s “Field Quality Control” Article, retain one testing laboratory for quality assurance testing and field quality control testing.

c. Testing laboratory shall possess current, valid accreditation from the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AMRL), in accordance with AASHTO AMRL Procedures Manual for the Accreditation of Construction Materials Testing Laboratories, or ASTM D3666, for tests required for quality assurance testing indicated in this Article and field quality control testing indicated to be Contractor’s responsibility.

d. Testing laboratory shall comply with ASTM E329.

e. Testing laboratory shall be experienced in the types of testing required.

f. Selection of testing laboratory is subject to Engineer’s acceptance. Upon Engineer’s request, submit qualifications statement for testing laboratory, including name of entity, location, copies of applicable certifications, summary of entity’s experience, and names and qualifications of personnel who will perform the subject sampling and testing.

3. Installer of Flexible Paving:

a. Installer shall be experienced in providing flexible paving of the types required for the

Project, and experienced in providing flexible paving in quantities similar to, or greater than, those required for the Project.

b. Installer shall be experienced in performing flexible paving installation for the state department of transportation having jurisdiction at the Site.

c. Upon Engineer’s request, submit documentation of the proposed installer’s compliance with qualifications requirements of this Article.

C. Quality Assurance Testing:

1. Quality assurance testing is in addition to source quality control testing, when required, and field quality control testing required in the “Field Quality Control” Article of this Section.

2. Materials used in the Work may require testing and retesting, as directed by Engineer, during the Project. Allow free access to stockpiles of materials used in producing flexible paving and material production facilities during the Work. Tests not specifically indicated to

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32 12 00 - 4 be performed at Owner’s expense, including retesting of defective materials and installed Work, shall be performed at Contractor’s expense.

3. Contractor’s Quality Assurance Testing Laboratory Scope:

a. Use of testing laboratory shall not relieve Contractor of responsibility for providing materials and the Work in compliance with the Contract Documents.

b. Quality assurance testing laboratory shall perform the following, unless evidence of material compliance with reference specifications indicated in the various provisions of material requirements in “Part 2 – Products” of this Section, is submitted to Engineer by Contractor and asphalt concrete production facility:

1) Test in accordance with reference specifications indicated in requirements for materials in “Part 2 – Products” of this Section. In lieu of quality assurance testing, submit evidence and certification of material compliance with reference specifications. When evidence of such compliance submitted is not acceptable to Engineer, perform quality assurance testing.

c. To facilitate testing services, Contractor shall:

1) Secure and deliver to testing laboratory (when requested by Engineer) representative Samples of materials that Contractor proposes to furnish and that are required to be tested.

2) Furnish such labor as is necessary to obtain and handle Samples at the Site or at asphalt concrete production facility and other material sources.

3) Advise testing laboratory and Engineer sufficiently in advance of operations to allow for completion of quality assurance tests and for assignment of personnel.

1.6 SUBMITTALS

A. Action Submittals: Submit the following:

1. Shop Drawings:

a. Submit proposed asphalt concrete mix design for each asphalt concrete material, and other bituminous materials, required under this Section, providing complete data on materials, including location in the Work, source, material content and percentages, temperatures, and other pertinent data. Indicate proportion of bituminous material from recycled asphalt pavement.

b. Proposed gradation for each aggregate required in flexible paving. Submit gradation test results for identical material furnished on a previous project. Indicate proportion of recycled asphalt pavement.

c. In lieu of information required in the two paragraphs immediately above this paragraph, submit certificates of compliance with reference specifications indicated in the requirements for asphalt concrete materials in “Part 2 – Products” of this Section, for each of the following:

1) Each mix design required.

2) Bituminous materials required.

3) Aggregates required in flexible paving, from each material source and each required gradation.

4) Density of uncompacted asphalt concrete material.

5) Density of previously-compacted, previously-tested asphalt concrete material.

6) Density and voids analysis for each asphalt concrete material test specimen.

7) Evidence of asphalt concrete plant inspection and compliance with reference specifications indicated in “Part 2 – Products” of this Section.

8) Proportion of recycled asphalt pavement in bituminous materials and aggregate.

2. Product Data:

a. Product manufacturer’s published data sheet, written instructions for handling and installation, and similar published information for joint adhesive material.

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b. Manufacturer’s complete product data on pavement marking materials proposed for use, including product literature, specifications, recommended application techniques, and other installation data.

B. Informational Submittals: Submit the following:

1. Quality Assurance Test Data Submittals and Source Quality Control Submittals:

a. Submit for quality assurance tests and source quality control tests required.

2. Delivery Tickets:

a. Submit copy of delivery ticket for each load of asphalt concrete, prime coat materials, tack coat materials, crack sealant material, and other materials obtained from asphalt concrete production facility, signed by Contractor upon delivery to the Site.

3. Field Quality Control Submittals:

a. Submit results of required field quality control tests and inspections that are

Contractor’s responsibility.

4. Qualifications:

a. Asphalt concrete production facility.

b. Contractor’s testing laboratory, when required by Engineer.

c. Flexible paving installer, when required by Engineer.

1.7 FIELD CONDITIONS

A. Restrictions on temperature and weather conditions for installing flexible paving are indicated in the “Installation” Article in “Part 3 – Execution” of this Section.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 ASPHALT CONCRETE MATERIALS:

A. Description:

1. Provide all labor, materials, construction equipment and machinery, tools, services, and incidentals necessary and required to furnish and install flexible paving.

2. Provide flexible paving at locations shown on the Drawings. When locations of flexible paving are not shown, provide flexible paving to restore areas where flexible paving existed on the Effective Date of the Contract where such areas were disturbed, damaged, or removed by Contractor.

B. Bituminous Materials:

1. Bituminous Materials for Asphalt Concrete:

a. Bituminous materials for asphalt concrete shall comply with the reference specifications indicated in the “Mixes” provision of this Article, for the associated flexible paving mix.

b. Bituminous Materials from Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP): When use of RAP in asphalt concrete materials is acceptable, comply with requirements for RAP in the “Mixes” provision of this Article.

2. Prime Coat:

a. Prime coat shall be low-viscosity, emulsified asphalt.

b. Provide prime coat in accordance with FDOT.

3. Tack Coat:

a. Tack coat shall be emulsified asphalt.

b. Provide tack coat in accordance with FDOT.

4. Joint Adhesive:

a. Joint adhesive shall be a hot-applied asphalt product furnished as a solid and subsequently heated and applied to joints in asphalt concrete.

b. Provide joint adhesive in accordance with FDOT.

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5. Crack Sealant:

a. Provide crack sealant material in accordance with FDOT.

C. Aggregate Materials:

1. Aggregates for Asphalt Concrete – General:

a. Aggregate materials for asphalt concrete used in flexible paving shall be in accordance with the reference specifications indicated in the “Mixes” provision of this Article, for the associated asphalt concrete mix.

D. Mixes:

1. Asphalt Concrete Mixtures: Provide the following materials designed and manufactured in accordance with FDOT.

a. Base Course

b. Binder Course

c. Top Course (Surface Course, Wearing Course)

2.2 PAVEMENT MARKING MATERIALS:

A. Description:

1. Provide pavement markings as shown on the Drawings. If not shown on the Drawings and flexible paving is either an extension of existing paving with markings, or restoration of paved areas with preconstruction markings, provide pavement markings equal to preconstruction markings in areas of pavement restoration and, in new pavement (in areas not paved prior to the Effective Date of the Contract) similar to pavement markings in adjacent, paved areas existing prior to the Effective Date of the Contract.

B. Materials:

1. Pavement Marking Paint:

a. Provide low VOC, ready-mixed, one-component, 100 percent acrylic waterborne paint, suitable for marking pavement on highways and airfields.

b. Suitable for application on flexible paving, concrete, tar, and previously painted areas of such surfaces.

c. Materials shall be non-bleeding and shall comply with FS TT-P-1952F, Type III.

d. Apply paint at thicknesses required in FS TT-P-1952F.

C. Pavement Marking Colors:

1. Roadway Center Markings Between Opposing Traffic Lanes: Yellow.

2. Roadway Side Striping: White, unless otherwise shown or indicated. On roads with divided median, right-side striping of each direction shall be white, and left-side striping shall be yellow.

3. Roadway Miscellaneous Lane Markings (turn lane arrows and text): White.

4. Crosswalks and Stop Lines: White.

5. Parking Space Delineation: White.

6. Accessible (Handicap) Parking Spaces: Unless otherwise indicated with signs, provide handicap symbol on pavement with white paint on blue background.

7. “No-Parking” Areas: Yellow.

2.3 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Tests and Inspections:

1. Obtain and test Samples in accordance with AI MS-2. Testing is responsibility of Contractor or asphalt concrete production facility.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Verification of Conditions:

1. Examine subbase and base on which flexible paving will be installed.

2. Advise Engineer in writing of conditions detrimental to proper and timely completion of the

Work.

3. Do not proceed with flexible paving Work until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected.

B. Installing the Work constitutes Contractor’s approval of underlying work, surfaces upon which flexible paving will be installed and field conditions prevailing at the time of the Work.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. General Preparation: Before starting installation of flexible paving, perform the following:

1. Grade Control: Establish and maintain throughout flexible paving Work required lines and grades, including crown and cross-slope for each asphalt concrete course during construction.

2. Coordinate placement of flexible paving with new and existing curbs, gutters, sidewalks, drainage structures (such as catch basins, drop inlets, and similar items), manholes and associated frames and covers, valve boxes and associated covers, sensors and similar devices associated with traffic controls, signage, pavement markings and markers, and similar items. Where necessary, adjust rim elevations of manhole frames and covers, valve boxes and covers, and stormwater drainage inlets within areas of flexible paving Work to required final elevations.

3. Provide appropriate maintenance and protection of traffic measures during pavement installation and related Work.

B. Subgrade and Subbase:

1. Prepare subgrade and provide subbase for flexible paving in accordance with Section 31 23 05 - Excavation and Fill. Before installing flexible paving Work, obtain Engineer’s concurrence that subgrade and subbase are suitable for installing flexible paving.

2. Prime Coat:

a. Provide and use application equipment in accordance with requirements, in the

“Installation” Article of this Section, for tack coat.

b. Application Temperature: Material shall be 140 to 180 degrees F.

c. Application Rate: 0.3 to 0.7 gallons per square yard, in accordance with applicable state department of transportation.

d. Uniformly distribute prime coat at junction of adjacent applications.

e. Following application, do not disturb prime coat. Allow prime coat material to penetrate treated surface of subbase and treated surface to absorb prime coat material until the prime coat material is completely cured.

f. Apply additional prime coat materials to uncoated or lightly coated areas.

g. Twenty-four hours after applying prime coat, cover areas evidencing excessive prime coat material with sufficient dry fine aggregate to blot up or remove excess prime coat material.

h. Protection of Treated Surface: Maintain and protect treated surface against damage.

Remedy damaged areas to Engineer’s satisfaction before installing subsequent Work.

C. Milling:

1. Mill existing pavement where shown, indicated, or otherwise required.

2. Milling Equipment:

a. Milling equipment shall be power operated, self-propelled machines capable of removing the desired thickness of existing surfaces. Equipment shall have sufficient

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32 12 00 - 8 power, traction, and stability to accurately maintain depth of cut and slope. Equipment shall produce finished profile and cross-slope to within 1/4-inch of that required and shall produce uniform surface texture free of gouges and ridges greater than 3/8-inch deep.

b. Equipment shall include means of controlling dust and other particulate matter created by cutting and milling.

c. Furnish and use equipment that removes millings as quickly as rate of milling.

d. Furnish and use vacuum trucks, street sweepers, or power brooms to clean milled surfaces.

3. Milling Operations:

a. Perform milling so that when final course of flexible paving is placed, required elevations and grades are provided. Where necessary, establish a taut reference string line to control line and grade of milling.

b. Control and Tolerances:

1) Milling equipment shall control profile and cross-slope with a moving reference not less than 30 feet in length. Moving reference may be a floating beam, ski, or other suitable type, such that resulting milled surface is sufficiently even.

2) In areas accessible to milling equipment, provide milled surface to tolerance not greater than 1/2-inch.

3) When subsequently installed flexible paving is determined to not comply with tolerances indicated in this provision, based on visual observation or apparent riding quality, Engineer will direct Contractor to provide and test surface with 15 foot straight edge or string line parallel to pavement centerline and with 10 foot straight edge or string line placed transversely to pavement centerline on any portion of pavement.

4) Variations exceeding 1/2-inch shall be appropriately remedied at no additional cost to Owner.

c. To the extent practicable, minimize time between milling and placement of flexible paving on milled surface.

d. Areas not accessible to milling equipment, such as around or adjacent to drainage structures, manholes, curbs, and transverse joints on structures, may be removed using smaller milling equipment, by hand, other appropriate method, or combination thereof.

e. Remove milled material as soon as it is milled. Remove fines and other material prior to opening milled area to traffic. Control dust emissions resulting from milling to extent practicable. Comply with requirements of Section 01 57 05 - Temporary Controls.

When traffic has been allowed onto milled surfaces, or when more than 48 hours have elapsed since milling, clean milled surfaces again prior to applying tack coat and performing other flexible paving Work.

f. Appropriately maintain drainage to drainage inlets and other drainage structures.

g. Properly dispose of milled material at location away from the Site, in accordance with

Laws and Regulations, the Contract Documents, and requirements of owner of the disposal location.

h. Milled surfaces that will receive flexible paving, shall be covered with not less than one course of asphalt concrete before end of paving season and closure of hot-mix asphalt concrete plants in the vicinity of the Site.

i. Damage to milled surfaces resulting from traffic or other causes such as, but not limited to, raveling, petroleum spillage, or other contaminants that may potentially inhibit bonding of asphalt concrete to the milled surface, shall be appropriately repaired or re-milled by Contractor.

D. Potholes in Existing Paved Areas:

1. Before placing top course, correct irregularities in binder course. Repair potholes and gouges greater than one inch deep.

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2. For potholes and abrupt depressions three inches and less in depth:

a. Repair such defects manually with required asphalt concrete top course.

b. Preparation:

1) Owner’s Site Representative will mark locations of such potholes and other surface defects requiring repair, at the Site, using appropriate lumber crayon. Contractor shall furnish necessary lumber crayons.

2) Cut out and patch marked areas. Ensure each patch has an area of not less than one square foot.

3) Excavate marked area to sound, stable material. Using milling or planing equipment is acceptable. Cut all edges vertically.

4) After removing debris and unsound material, thoroughly clean area to be patched and adjacent pavement.

5) Thoroughly dry surfaces of area to be patched.

6) Apply tack coat to bottom and vertical surfaces of area to be patched as specified in the “Installation” Article of this Section.

c. Patching:

1) After tack coat is cured, place asphalt concrete top course material. Compact with steel wheeled roller or other appropriate compaction equipment. After compaction, surface of patch shall have surface elevation equal to final, required surface elevation of completed top course minus required depth of new top course overlay.

Fill excavated areas before close of each work day.

2) Potholes extending into shoulder do not require excavation beyond edge of roadway.

3. For potholes and abrupt depressions greater than three inches deep:

a. Repair such defects manually with required asphalt top course material and asphalt binder course material.

b. Perform preparation for patching as indicated above in this provision for potholes and abrupt depressions three inches and less in depth.

c. Patching:

1) After tack coat is cured, place asphalt binder course in lifts not exceeding three inches in uncompacted depth. After leveling each lift, compact using appropriate mechanical tamper.

2) After compaction, surface of patch shall have surface elevation equal to final, required surface elevation of completed top course minus required depth of new top course overlay

3) Compact last lift with steel wheeled roller or other appropriate compaction equipment. Fill excavated areas before close of each work day, except that required top course may be installed on following day.

E. Surface Preparation:

1. Repair surface defects in existing pavement to provide uniform surface to receive new pavement.

2. Provide crack sealant to completely fill cracks more than 1/16-inch wide in areas shown or indicated on the Drawings.

3. Clean existing surfaces over which asphalt concrete pavement will be installed, by removing from surface foreign material, excess asphalt concrete, excess joint sealant, crack filler, and other undesirable matter.

4. Where new flexible paving will abut existing paving, sawcut edges of existing paving in accordance with the “Installation” Article of this Section.

5. Provide tack coat as indicated in the “Installation” provision of this Section.

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3.3 INSTALLATION

A. Installation Requirements for Asphalt Concrete:

1. Flexible Paving Installation - General:

a. Provide final surfaces of flexible paving with uniform texture, at required locations and grades, with required cross-sections, as shown and indicated.

b. Where new flexible paving top course (wearing course or surface course) is provided and connects to existing pavement, provide new top course that smoothly and evenly transitions to existing paved surfaces and grades.

2. Joining of Pavements:

a. When new flexible paving will connect to or abut existing or previously-installed pavement, existing or previously-installed pavement shall be neatly and carefully edged to allow overlapping and feathering of subsequent course of asphalt concrete material.

b. Sawcutting of Edges:

1) Where new flexible paving will meet existing pavement, existing pavement shall be sawcut and notched.

2) Sawcut existing pavement with equipment and machinery specifically intended and assembled for sawcutting pavements of the type required.

3) Edges of existing pavement shall be cleanly cut. Edges shall be linear and have vertical cut face.

4) Where cut edges are not smooth, even, and straight, repair cut edge to remain to provide a smooth, even appearance.

5) Sawcutting of concrete pavement, concrete curbs, concrete gutters, and sidewalks shall comply with Section 02 41 00 – Demolition.

c. Where flexible paving will meet existing asphalt pavement, remove existing pavement

12 inches onto undisturbed existing pavement course at edges where new flexible paving will meet existing pavement.

d. Provide tack coat in accordance with requirements of this Article.

3. Tack Coat:

a. Provide tack coat material at surface of existing or previously-installed pavement course over which new flexible paving will be installed, prior to installing subsequent pavement course. .

b. Tack Coat Installation: Install tack coat immediately prior to installing asphalt concrete.

Install asphalt concrete while tack coat is wet. Apply tack coat in accordance with applicable FDOT requirementscontr.

4. Weather Limitations for Installing Asphalt Concrete:

a. Temperature:

1) For base course and binder course paving lifts equal to or greater than two inches thick, ambient temperature shall be 40 degrees F and rising.

2) For top course paving or other pavement courses in lifts less than two inches thick, temperature of surface on which pavement will be placed shall be 50 degrees F or greater.

b. Prohibitions:

1) Do not install flexible paving materials during foggy conditions or during precipitation.

2) Do not install flexible paving materials when base on which material will be installed contains moisture in excess of optimum.

3) Install flexible paving materials only when Engineer concurs weather conditions are suitable.

5. Installation of Asphalt Concrete:

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a. Asphalt concrete mixture shall be transported to the Site and installed as soon as possible after mixing.

b. Do not pave over existing manhole frames and covers, valve box covers, stormwater inlets, or similar items in areas of flexible paving Work. Where new asphalt concrete will be installed in areas of existing detectors for traffic controls, remove and properly reinstall such detectors in accordance with operation and maintenance instructions of detector’s manufacturer. Subsequent to reinstallation, verify proper operation of detectors and associated traffic controls.

c. Placement of each asphalt concrete course shall be completed over full width of section under construction during each day's flexible paving Work.

d. Spread and finish asphalt concrete courses using self-propelled, mechanical spreading and finishing equipment. Initially placed thickness of courses shall not exceed 150 percent of required, compacted thickness unless approved in writing by Engineer.

e. Compaction:

1) Provide and use compacting rollers to properly compact and finish asphalt concrete. Provide not less than two rollers at the Site at all times during installation of asphalt concrete. One roller may be a pneumatic-tire roller.

2) During compaction, roller speed shall not exceed three miles per hour. When sufficient quantity of rollers is unavailable, reduce quantity of asphalt concrete installed to accommodate quantity of available rollers.

3) Required rollers shall be at the Site, in proper, operating condition, prior to placing asphalt concrete.

4) Using vibratory rollers in lieu of steel-wheeled rollers is acceptable, however, when thickness of asphalt concrete is one-inch or less, rolling shall be via static mode.

5) Rolling of initially placed asphalt concrete material, or breakdown rolling, shall begin as soon as asphalt concrete will bear roller without undue displacement.

6) Rolling shall be longitudinal, overlapping on successive trips by not less than one-half roller rear wheel width, and not more than three-quarters of roller rear wheel width. Alternate trips of roller shall be of slightly different lengths.

7) Roller motion shall be slow enough to avoid displacing asphalt concrete.

8) Operate rollers continuously from breakdown of laid asphalt concrete through finish rolling.

9) Perform finish rolling using a steel-wheeled roller or a vibratory steel-wheel roller operating in static mode.

10) Perform rolling with consecutive passes to achieve even, smooth finish without roller marks.

11) At each location not accessible to roller, thoroughly compact asphalt concrete using tampers and finish, where necessary, with hot smoothing iron to provide uniform, smooth layer over entire area so compacted.

12) Criteria for acceptance of installed density of asphalt concrete is indicated in the “Field Quality Control” Article of this Section.

f. Placement of Adjacent Strips of New Asphalt Concrete:

1) When more than one width of asphalt concrete material will be placed, six-inch wide strip of asphalt concrete adjacent to area on which future material will subsequently be placed, shall not be rolled until such subsequently-placed material is installed.

2) Do not leave unrolled strip unrolled for more than two hours after placing, unless six-inch unrolled strip is first heated with a joint heater.

3) After first strip or width of asphalt concrete is compacted, place, finish, and compact second width or strip as required for first width, except that rolling shall be extended to include six-inch strip of first width not previously compacted.

6. Joint Adhesive:

a. Provide joint adhesive at the following locations:

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1) At edges where new flexible paving will connect to existing or previously-installed pavement, including transverse and longitudinal joints.

2) Where new pavement will abut curbing, concrete gutters, drainage structures and frames, manhole cover frames, valve boxes, and similar items.

b. Preparation: Prior to applying joint adhesive, properly clean surfaces to receive joint adhesive. Clean using pneumatic air discharge. Provide suitable traps or devices on compressed air equipment to prevent moisture and oil from contaminating surfaces to receive joint adhesive.

c. Equipment: Heat and melt joint adhesive in melter constructed either as double boiler filled with heat-transfer medium between inner and outer shells, or with internal tubes or coils carrying joint adhesive through heated oil bath and into heated double wall hopper.

Insulate or provide heat tracing on hose used for conveying joint adhesive between melter or hopper and surfaces to receive joint adhesive. Equipment shall include appropriate temperature sensor and indicator to facilitate monitoring of material temperature during application.

d. Application:

1) Apply joint adhesive at temperatures and using procedures in accordance with material manufacturer’s written instructions.

2) Apply joint adhesive to entire face of transverse and longitudinal joints in flexible paving.

3) Apply joint adhesive to full depth of top course where top course abuts curbing, concrete gutters, drainage structures and frames, manhole cover frames, valve boxes, and similar items.

7. Construction Joints:

a. Provide construction joints in flexible paving to provide neat junction, thorough compaction, and bond throughout.

b. Longitudinal joints in asphalt concrete top course shall correspond with edges of proposed traffic lanes. Other joint arrangements require Engineer’s approval.

c. Provide transverse joint, perpendicular to centerline of asphalt concrete installed, extending across full width of strip being laid, at end of each workday, and at other times when placement of hot-mix asphalt concrete will be suspended for a period of time allowing asphalt concrete mixture to chill. Transverse joints in adjacent lanes shall be staggered at not less than 10 feet.

d. Thoroughly compact, by rolling forward, end of freshly laid asphalt concrete before asphalt concrete becomes chilled. When work is resumed, vertically cut for full depth of course.

8. Curing:

a. Do not allow traffic onto newly installed pavement until obtaining Engineer’s concurrence. Do not allow traffic on flexible paving until surface temperature is less than 140 degrees F.

b. Hold construction traffic on new pavement to a minimum.

9. Paver and Equipment Cleaning:

a. Tools and equipment used for asphalt installation shall not be cleaned on pavement surface, or near streams, ponds, drainage structures, or other areas that are tributary to drainage routes or surface waters. Designated area, at location acceptable to Engineer, shall be used for cleaning paving equipment and tools.

b. When petroleum products are used for cleaning, use tarpaulins, sand pails, other types of pails, or other methods to collect liquids produced by cleaning, to prevent contamination spills and release to the environment.

c. Hand sprayers or other similar devices may be used to minimize the quantity of petroleum product applied. Sand, soil, and collected petroleum products resulting from cleaning shall be properly disposed of as petroleum contaminated soil in accordance with Laws and Regulations.

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B. Installation Tolerances:

1. Milling: Tolerances for milling, are indicated in the “Milling” provision of the “Preparation” Article of this Section.

2. Thickness:

a. Asphalt concrete provided as a truing and leveling course, if any, and conditioning of existing surface will not be considered in pavement thickness determinations.

b. Allowable tolerance for asphalt concrete required for each separate type of asphalt concrete mixture required is as follows:

1) Nominal pavement lift thicknesses of four inches or less, 1/4-inch.

2) Nominal pavement lift thicknesses greater than four inches, 1/2-inch.

c. Tolerance for total thickness of all asphalt concrete pavement courses shall be 1/4-inch.

When asphalt concrete is installed on newly constructed subbase, additional tolerance of 1/4-inch is acceptable, both in nominal thickness of course installed directly on subbase, and total pavement thickness. No payment will be made for material provided in excess of indicated tolerance.

3. Surface Trueness:

a. “Surface trueness”, as used in this Section refers to new pavement constructed to required surface cross-section, with even surface, without abrupt changes or transitions in elevation or grade, and without ruts or raveling. Appropriately installed pavement results in no ponding of water and properly conveys stormwater runoff to appropriate drainage routes and stormwater inlets.

b. Contractor shall construct each pavement course to 1/4-inch surface tolerance.

c. Engineer will evaluate surface trueness and compliance with surface tolerance by directing Contractor to provide 16-foot straight edge or string line placed parallel to centerline of pavement and with 10-foot straight edge or string line placed transversely to centerline of pavement. Variations exceeding indicated tolerance shall be corrected or pavement remedied and replaced at no additional cost to Owner.

d. Crowned Surfaces:

1) Test crowned surfaces with a crown template, centered and at right angles to the crown.

2) Surfaces will be acceptable when variance is equal to or less than 1/4-inch from the template.

4. Elevation: Finished surface of pavement shall be within plus or minus 1/2-inch of elevations shown or indicated. New pavement shall be equal in elevation to frames and covers of manholes, valve boxes and similar items, and allow appropriate stormwater drainage into stormwater inlets.

3.4 APPLICATION OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS:

A. Pavement Markings: Provide pavement markings where shown or indicated.

1. Pavement Marking Installation – General

a. Provide pavement markings, of the types required, at locations shown and indicated in the Contract Documents.

b. Comply with paint manufacturer’s written installation instructions.

c. Where public traffic will be allowed to transit newly installed pavement prior to application of permanent pavement markings, provide appropriate temporary markings sufficient for safe use of the paved area during wet and dry conditions and during all hours of the day.

d. When the Work includes providing temporary pavement or alterations of existing pavement markings during construction, provide appropriate temporary pavement markings and signage, in accordance with requirements of the applicable state department of transportation standard specifications and Section 01 55 26 - Traffic Control.

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2. Preparation:

a. Sweep surface with power broom supplemented by hand brooms to remove loose material and dirt. Ensure surfaces to receive pavement markings are of appropriate cleanliness to receive pavement markings, in accordance with paint manufacturer’s written instructions.

b. Do not begin marking bituminous concrete pavement until obtaining Engineer’s concurrence.

c. Surfaces to receive pavement markings shall be completely dry at the time markings are applied.

d. When reflective glass beads are required, mix with paint prior to paint application.

3. Application:

a. Do not apply pavement markings not less than five days from time surface is completed. Longer period when reasonably directed by Engineer.

b. Do not apply pavement markings on wet surfaces, during wet or damp weather, or when ambient temperature is below 40 degrees F.

c. Using mechanical equipment, provide uniform, straight edges in two separate coats.

Apply in accordance with paint manufacturer's written instructions.

d. Lay out markings and striping in accordance with the Contract Documents. Width of pavement striping for lane markings and parking spaces shall be four inches, unless otherwise shown or indicated on the Drawings.

4. Protection:

a. Do not allow vehicles or construction equipment or machinery to traverse pavement markings until applied markings are completely cured in accordance with manufacturer’s written instructions and is dry.

b. Properly remove defective pavement markings, including those damaged by untimely passage of vehicles, equipment, or machinery, and replace with required pavement marking in accordance with the Contract Documents.

3.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Field Tests and Inspections:

1. Engineer’s Field Quality Control Activities:

a. Engineer may determine compliance with installation tolerances for surface trueness, and depth and trueness of milling (where required), as indicated elsewhere in this Section. Contractor shall furnish implements required for evaluating and determining trueness of asphalt concrete courses and milling.

b. Engineer may identify, by visual observation, areas of apparent defective flexible paving Work and appropriately advise or notify Contractor of such defects.

2. Responsibilities of Testing Laboratory:

a. Owner’s Field quality control testing laboratory will:

1) Test proposed materials for compliance with the Contract Documents, as directed by Engineer.

2) Perform field density tests, as indicated below in this provision, to verify required compaction of asphalt materials was provided obtained.

3) When directed by Engineer, perform coring of installed and compacted flexible paving to determine compliance with required course thickness and tolerances.

Submit written results of tests to Engineer and Contractor.

b. Density:

1) Test Method: ASTM D2950; test one sample every 1,000 square yards of pavement. Test for each asphalt concrete course installed.

2) In addition, when directed by Engineer, compare density of in place flexible paving materials against laboratory specimen (as determined during required quality

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32 12 00 - 15 assurance testing) or certificates on same asphalt pavement mixture, using nuclear density device.

3) Criteria for Acceptance: Density of in-place, compacted asphalt pavement shall be not less than 90 percent of recorded laboratory specimen (as determined during required quality assurance testing) or certificate density. Compacted density shall be not be greater than 98 percent.

c. Thickness of Asphalt Concrete Pavement:

1) Contractor shall provide work zone traffic control and facilitate obtaining pavement cores by testing laboratory.

2) Measure in accordance with ASTM D3549; obtain and test one core sample from every 1,000 square yards of compacted pavement. Comply with thickness tolerance specified in Article 3.3 of this Section.

3) Engineer may use another acceptance method such as yield calculations to determine final thickness for acceptability and payment.

4) Contractor shall repair holes from test specimens in accordance with this Section’s requirements for repairing defective Work.

d. Authority of Field Quality Control Testing Laboratory:

1) Technicians representing testing laboratory will inspect materials at the Site and perform required testing. When materials furnished or Work performed do not comply with the Contract Documents, field quality control testing laboratory technician shall promptly direct attention of Engineer and Contractor to such non-compliance.

2) Testing laboratory personnel shall not act as foreman or perform other duties for, or on behalf of, Contractor. The Work will be checked as it progresses, but failure to detect defective Work shall not in any way prevent later rejection of such defective Work when defect is discovered. Failure to detect defective Work as it occurs does not obligate Engineer to final acceptance. Testing laboratory personnel are not authorized to revoke, alter, relax, enlarge, or release requirements of the Contract Documents, nor to approve or accept any portion of the Work.

3. Asphalt Concrete Mix Temperature: Measure temperature at time of placement, record, and submit to Engineer.

4. Drainage:

a. Upon completion and curing of top course provided under the Contract. Engineer will direct Contractor to spray clean water (whether potable or non-potable, and without observable solid material, biological matter, and Constituents of Concern) thoroughly over top course of flexible paving Work, in presence of Owner’s Site Representative.

b. Spray sufficient quantity of water over all top course areas to result in visually obvious runoff to drainage routes.

c. In lieu of water spray, Naturally occurring precipitation sufficient for visually observable runoff is acceptable.

d. Immediately following conclusion of spraying or precipitation event, as applicable, Owner’s Site Representative will mark areas of ponding, if any, with appropriate lumber crayon of high visibility color contrasting with pavement. Contractor shall furnish necessary quantity of lumber crayons. Immediately following marking, obtain digital photographic documentation of each marked area, in accordance with Section 01 32 33

- Project Photographic Documentation, and promptly submit to Engineer. Such photographic documentation does not count toward quantity of photographs required by Section 01 32 33 - Project Photographic Documentation.

e. Engineer or Owner may redesignate, re-mark, or both, areas of ponding as such areas become apparent to Engineer or Owner.

5. Surface Trueness:

a. Contractor’s obligations regarding assisting Engineer in determining compliance with milling tolerances are indicated in the “Milling” provision of Article 3.2 of this Section.

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b. Contractor’s obligations regarding assisting Engineer in determining compliance with tolerance for trueness of installed asphalt concrete courses are indicated in the “Installation Tolerances” provision of Article 3.3 of this Section.

B. Defective Paving Work:

1. The following constitutes defective flexible paving Work: ruts, ridges, roller marks, cracking, tearing, segregation, bleeding, ponding of stormwater, or other irregularities. Flexible paving Work that does not comply with required tolerances or other requirements of the Contract Documents, or that is damaged while protection is Contractor’s responsibility will be considered as defective Work.

2. When directed by Engineer, remove and replace defective flexible paving Work. Cut out such areas of defective pavement and fill with fresh asphalt concrete materials, compacted to required density. When performing such repairs, provide tack coats and joint adhesive as required elsewhere in this Section, and compact as required elsewhere in this Section.

When pavement is cut out or removed for such remedies, the area removed shall be of regular shape with right angles. To extent practicable, cut-out areas shall be square or rectangular. Surface of repaired areas shall be flush with adjacent pavement.

3. Completely fill holes in flexible paving, resulting from test specimens, using required asphalt concrete top course material, together with required tack coats and joint adhesive, compacted to required density.

3.6 CLEANING

A. Cleaning: After completing flexible paving installation, completely clean surfaces of excess and spilled bituminous materials, excess asphalt concrete, and foreign matter. Appropriately dispose of such material.

3.7 PROTECTION

A. Protect finished pavement until pavement is properly cured, hard, and cool.

B. Cover openings of drainage structures, manholes, valve boxes, and similar items in paved areas until permanent coverings are provided.

END OF SECTION