31_37_00_-_RIPRAP.pdf

Okaloosa County June 2026 “ITB TDD 65-26” Issue for Bid

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SECTION 31 37 00

RIPRAP

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Dry riprap.

2. Subgrade preparation.

3. Aggregate material underlying the riprap armor stone.

4. Appurtenant Work.

B. Related Requirements: Include, but are not necessarily limited to:

1. Section 31 23 05 - Excavation and Fill.

1.2 PRICE AND PAYMENT PROCEDURES

A. Measurement and Payment:

1. Riprap Work is part of the lump sum bid/pay item indicated on the Bid Form, and part of the Contract, and in Section 01 22 00 - Measurement and Payment.

1.3 REFERENCES

A. Terminology:

1. The following terms are not defined and are not indicated with initial capital letters but, when used in this Section, have the following meaning:

a. “Borrow” means riprap material required in excess of quantity available from appropriate sources at the Site. Borrow may be necessary even though not otherwise expressly required by the Contract Documents. No representation is made that any material existing at the Site prior to construction is suitable for use in the riprap Work.

b. “Riprap” means materials and Work required by this Section, regardless of whether the word “riprap” is followed by the word “Work”. The terms “riprap”, “rip-rap”, “rip rap”, rock slope protection, and “stone revetment” refer to the complete layered system of riprap (including aggregate filter, bedding stone, and geotextile fabric as required), and are derivative terms that have the same meaning. Related terms include:

1) “Aggregate Filter” means the granular material (aggregate) that may be required underneath riprap armor stone to prevent finer material from the subgrade from passing into or through the riprap armor stone.

2) “Bedding Stone” means the granular material (aggregate) used to protect underlying geotextile separation fabric from damage resulting from placing riprap armor stone.

3) “Dry riprap” means riprap where joints or gaps between riprap armor stone are not filled with any type of grout. Dry riprap shall consist of a fitted layer of shaped and graded riprap armor stone.

4) “Grouted riprap” means riprap, generally similar to dry riprap, where the joints or gaps between riprap armor stone are filled or stabilized with cementitious grout.

5) “Riprap armor stone” means the individual stones or rock that comprise surficial protective barrier for shoreline or other marine structure or surface.

c. “Subgrade” means the uppermost surface of native soil material unmoved from cuts;

the material on which riprap will be installed.

B. Reference Standards: Standards referenced in this section include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:

1. ASTM International (ASTM):

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a. D3740 - Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction.

b. D3744/D3744M - Standard Test Method for Aggregate Durability Index.

c. D5312/D5312M - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion

Control Under Freezing and Thawing Conditions.

d. D5313/D5313M - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion

Control Under Wetting and Drying Conditions.

e. D5519-15 - Standard Test Methods for Particle Size Analysis of Natural and Man-Made

Riprap Materials.

f. D6473 - Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Rock for Erosion

Control.

g. D6913 - Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using

Sieve Analysis.

h. E329 - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection, Testing, or Special Inspection.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Qualifications:

1. Contractor’s Testing Laboratory:

a. Retain the services of independent testing laboratory to perform testing and determine compliance with the Contract Documents of materials specified in this Section, unless this Section expressly allows the Contractor to escape this obligation. Requirements for escaping this obligation, if any, are part of this “Qualifications” provision.

b. When Contractor is required by this Section’s “Field Quality Control” Article, or elsewhere in the Contract Documents, to retain testing laboratory for tests required under this Section’s “Field Quality Control” Article, retain one testing laboratory for quality assurance testing and field quality control testing.

c. Testing laboratory shall possess current, valid accreditation in accordance with ASTM D3740], for tests required for quality assurance testing indicated in this Article and field quality control testing indicated to be Contractor’s responsibility.

d. Testing laboratory shall comply with ASTM E329.

e. Testing laboratory shall be experienced in the types of testing required.

f. Selection of testing laboratory is subject to Engineer’s acceptance. Upon Engineer’s request, submit qualifications statement for testing laboratory, including name of entity, location, copies of applicable certifications, and summary of entity’s experience.

B. Quality Assurance Testing:

1. Quality assurance testing, which may also be regarded as source quality control testing, is in addition to field quality control testing required by this Section’s “Field Quality Control” Article.

2. Materials used in the Work may require testing and retesting, as directed by Engineer, during the Project. Allow free access to onsite material stockpiles, borrow sources, and other sources of riprap materials at all times. Tests not specifically indicated to be performed at Owner's expense, including retesting of defective materials and defective Work, shall be at Contractor’s cost.

3. Contractor’s Testing Laboratory Scope:

a. Obtain samples and perform testing of proposed riprap materials at sources of supply

(unless otherwise allowed by Engineer), to provide assurance that the Work will comply with the Contract Documents.

b. Submit to Engineer, via Contractor, written results of each test.

4. Required Quality Assurance Material Testing by Contractor’s Testing Laboratory:

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a. Perform the following quality assurance tests on materials to be incorporated into the Work. Submit results of such tests to Engineer and obtain Engineer’s acceptance thereof prior to incorporating the subject materials into the Work.

b. Gradation of Aggregate Underlying Riprap Armor Stone: Gradation in accordance with ASTM D6913. Perform one test for every 1,000 cubic yards of each material to be incorporated into the riprap Work.

c. Gradation of Riprap Armor Stone: Perform and submit results of gradation analysis in accordance with ASTM D5519, for riprap armor stone Sample size of not less than 20 times the size of largest riprap armor stone, unless smaller sample size is acceptable to Engineer. Required field Samples shall be consistent with submitted gradation test results.

d. Perform riprap material quality assurance testing to determine average apparent saturated surface dry specific gravity wetting-drying when one or more of the following apply:

1) For not less than every 20,000 cubic yards of riprap armor stone; or

2) When location from which materials are obtained changes; or

3) When geologic characteristics of materials change.

Requirements for determining quality of riprap armor stone are set fourth in the provision below.

5. Riprap material quality shall be evaluated using one of the following two methods:

a. Rock Properties:

1) Submit source rock test results completed on rock representative of the material proposed for the Project. Test results will be considered by Engineer when tests for results submitted were performed within five years of the Effective Date of the Contract and samples tested are representative of the source rock proposed for riprap armor stone.

2) Submit test results for alternative source rock when riprap armor stone will be obtained from a location different from that represented by initial test results submitted, or when visual appearance of source rock changes.

b. Testing Requirements for Riprap Armor Stone are as follows:

1) Specific Gravity of not less than 2.5 in accordance with ASTM D6473.

2) Wetting-drying test results shall indicate not greater than one percent loss to be acceptable. Wetting-drying testing shall be in accordance with ASTM D5313/D5313M.

3) Freeze-thaw test result shall indicate not greater than five percent loss to be acceptable. Freeze-thaw testing shall be in accordance with ASTM D5312/D5312M.

c. Ability of Rock to Perform Based on Previous Reference Project:

1) Contractor may propose providing riprap armor stone from a source with documented record of acceptable performance for comparable applications and exposure conditions as those to which the riprap Work will be subjected. When requesting approval of riprap armor stone using this quality assurance approach, submit the following information to Engineer:

a) Record drawings for a prior, completed project where riprap has been in place not less than 20 years prior to the Effective Date of the Contract.

b) Documentation of source of riprap armor stone material for the same, prior completed project for which record drawings are submitted.

c) Documentation, including still photographs obtained not more than six months prior to Contractor’s initial riprap Submittal for the Project. Submit photographs in sufficient quantity to properly document current condition of such material.

Photographs shall comply with requirements of Section 01 32 33 - Project Photographic Documentation, including requirements for indication of location of each image.

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d) Available material testing data for same qualities for which quality assurance testing is otherwise required in this Article.

e) Maintenance records for riprap installed for the same, prior completed project for which record drawings are submitted. Unless otherwise allowed by Engineer, maintenance records should include written documentation on the number and frequency of riprap inspections performed following installation, and number and frequency of riprap maintenance activities such as replenishment (e.g., adding riprap to replace rock that has washed away, broken down, or become degraded by any means).

f) Photographs, taken since the Effective Date of the Contract, of riprap installation for the same, prior completed project for which record drawings are submitted. Submit not less than eight photographs, including representative closeup and medium-distance images, in accordance with Section 01 32 33 - Project Photographic Documentation. Such photographs are not part of the quantities of still photographs required under Section 01 32 33.

g) Contact information for owner of the subject project, including contact person name (who must be current employee of such owner), entity name, complete mailing address, current office telephone number, and current email address.

Contact person indicated shall be current employee of such owner, and shall be familiar with maintenance operations and conditions of the subject, existing riprap.

2) Engineer will review the submitted information and will endeavor to determine whether the in-place existing, installed riprap armor stone was subjected to conditions expected for the riprap to be provided as part of the Work, and weather the riprap armor stone performed satisfactorily as determined by the owner of existing riprap and Engineer.

3) In the Project’s Schedule of Submittals, allow not less than 60 days, after complete, adequate information is received by Engineer, for Engineer’s review, including potential visit to the site of the subject, existing, installed riprap.

4) Engineer has sole discretion to determine whether information furnished concerning the riprap reverence location is acceptable, and whether such material would be acceptable for use in the Work. If the submitted information or existing riprap armor stone is unacceptable, as deemed solely by Engineer, Contractor will be ineligible for change in the Contract Price and the Contract Times for additional costs and delays, if any, incurred resulting from Engineer’s decision.

C. Field Samples:

1. Provide the following field Samples of riprap armor stone and aggregate materials (if any) underlying riprap armor stone:

a. Provide representative Samples, indicating range of required gradation, acceptable material quality, and colors, both at the material source and at the Site adjacent to riprap material stockpiles.

b. Representative gradation Samples shall be sufficient to demonstrate compliance with required gradation. Contractor and Supplier shall use ASTM D5519 Test Method A or B to determine gradation of riprap armor stone, and ASTM D6913 to determine gradation of other aggregate materials. Sample size or riprap armor stone shall be not less than 20 times largest individual stone of required gradation, unless smaller Sample size is acceptable to Engineer. Sample size of other aggregate materials shall be not less than one cubic yard.

c. Clearly label each Sample with temporary signage appropriate for outdoor exposure, of sufficient size. Temporary signage for field Samples at borrow sources shall clearly identify Owner and Project designation.

d. Maintain Samples until Substantial Completion, unless Engineer authorizes earlier removal of Samples, in writing.

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2. Representative field Samples may be incorporated into the Work upon Engineer’s concurrence.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Action Submittals: Submit the following:

1. Product Data:

a. Riprap Armor Stone: Name and address of riprap material Supplier, source of materials, Supplier’s published description of material, Supplier’s certification that materials are sufficiently free of Constituents of Concern so that a Hazardous Environmental Condition will not be created or exacerbated, certification of material’s compliance with the associated state department of transportation standard specifications, and certification of material’s compliance with requirements of the Contract Documents, including gradation and material quality, as applicable.

b. Aggregate Layer Underlying Riprap Armor Stone: Supplier’s description of aggregate materials, including name and address of Supplier, source of materials, certification of material’s compliance with applicable reference standards indicated in this Section, Florida department of transportation standard specifications], and other requirements of this Section, such as gradation, sizing, and material quality, as applicable.

B. Informational Submittals: Submit the following:

1. Results of Field Surveys for Measurement for Payment:

a. Submit results of field surveys, required for measurement for payment, indicated in the

“Price and Payment Procedures” Article of this Section, including pre-construction measurements, interim measurements, and measurements upon completion of riprap Work. Submit within time limits indicated in the “Price and Payment Procedures” Article of this Section.

2. Quality Assurance Test Results Submittals:

a. Submit results of quality assurance testing performed in accordance with this Section’s

“Quality Assurance” Article, unless included as part of another submittal under this Section. Submit results of tests on materials from onsite and borrow sources.

b. When this Section’s “Quality Assurance Testing” provision allows submittal of alternative documentation of riprap quality based on a prior, reference project, submit such information together with other, required quality assurance testing results.

3. Field Quality Control Submittals:

a. Submit results of testing and inspection performed in accordance with the “Field Quality

Control” Article in Part 3 of this Section.

b. Submit results of gradation analysis required upon delivery of material to the Site, in accordance with the “Delivery, Storage, and Handling” Article of this Section.

4. Qualifications Statements:

a. Quality assurance testing laboratory, when requested by Engineer.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Delivery and Acceptance Requirements:

1. Rip-rap from approved off-site sources shall be furnished together with delivery tickets, indicating Supplier’s name, Supplier’s location where material was obtained or produced, date, stockpile number, Florida department of transportation standard specifications item designation, and other delivery ticket information required by the Florida department of transportation.

2. Arriving loads of riprap armor stone and aggregate layer underlying riprap armor stone that are not reasonably similar to field Samples, based on visual observation of Engineer or Owner’s Site Representative, may be rejected by Engineer.

3. Contractor may arrange, pay for, and perform gradation measurements of riprap material rejected by Engineer. If Contractor’s analysis proves rejected stone complies with the

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Contract Documents and Contractor has furnished results of such analysis to Engineer as a Submittal, then a Change Order or contingency allowance authorization will be issued to compensate Contractor for cost of gradation analysis. Contractor will not be eligible for a change in the Contract Times because of Engineer’s good-faith rejection of apparently non-conforming materials.

4. Representative gradation Samples shall be sufficient to demonstrate compliance with required gradation. Contractor shall use ASTM D5519 Test Method A or B to determine gradation. Sample size shall be not less than 20 times largest individual stone of required gradation, unless smaller Sample size is acceptable to Engineer.

B. Storage and Handling Requirements:

1. Locations where stockpiles will be established shall have compacted surface of not less than six-inches of sand-clay-gravel or crushed stone.

2. Riprap material that becomes contaminated with soil materials, fine particles, or debris is unacceptable unless the contaminating material is removed from riprap materials prior to installation.

3. Riprap armor stone stockpiles shall be not more than 12 feet high and shall be constructed and maintained so that stones are stable and will not dislodge unless being moved by Contractor.

4. Riprap transport, handling, and installation shall not result in breakage of stones or segregation of riprap gradation.

5. Do not drop riprap armor stone from height greater than one foot.

6. Do not employ chutes or similar items in handling and installing riprap armor stone, or aggregate layer materials underlying riprap armor stone.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 RIPRAP STONE

A. Description:

1. Provide riprap at the locations shown or indicated on the Drawings, and as may be shown or indicated elsewhere in the Contract Documents, for protection of banks of surface waters, channels, support piers, and marine structures as shown or indicated.

2. Riprap Work includes providing aggregate layers underlying riprap armor stone and geotextile separation fabric at the locations shown or indicated.

3. Furnished riprap armor stone gradation shall be produced at the material source and shall not be produced by supplementing and mixing at the Site.

B. Riprap Armor Stone:

1. Material:

a. Riprap shall be durable, angular, quarry stone, shaped as nearly as practicable in the form of right rectangular prisms.

b. Material shall be resistant to weathering. Cracks, non-mineralized defects, shale, unsound sandstone, or organic material in riprap armor stone are unacceptable.

c. Neither width nor thickness of any stone shall be less than one-third of stone’s length.

2. Materials shall be per Florida Department of Transportation standards.

2.2 ACCESSORIES

A. Geotextile Separation Fabric:

1. Provide required geotextile separation fabric directly below aggregate layer underlying riprap armor stone for all riprap Work.

2. Comply with Section 31 32 19.16 - Geotextile Soil Stabilization.

B. Aggregate Layer Underlying Riprap Armor Stone:

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1. Bedding Stone:

a. Provide required bedding stone directly below riprap armor stone for all riprap Work.

b. Materials: Riprap bedding stone shall be crushed stone and gravel, free of: rock or gravel larger than one-inch in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, organic material and other deleterious matter.

1) Materials shall be per Florida Department of Transportation standards.

2. Aggregate Filter Material:

a. Material shall be tough, durable particles free of organic matter, soft material, and friable particles.

b. Material shall weigh not less than 135 pounds per cubic foot (saturated surface dry).

c. Gradation:

1) Per Florida Department of Transportation Standards.

2.3 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Tests and Inspections at Source of Supply:

1. Perform quality assurance testing, and submit results to Engineer, in accordance with the “Quality Assurance” Article in “Part 1 – General” of this Section.

2. Quality of riprap armor stone shall be determined at the material source. Stone with coloration or appearance dissimilar to field Samples will be rejected.

3. Approval of riprap materials from a particular source does not constitute approval of all material that may potentially be obtained from such source. Engineer reserves the right to reject materials from localized areas, zones, strata, and other areas when such materials are deemed by Engineer to not be representative of acceptable field Samples or appears to be defective. Nothing in this Section, however, regardless of whether Engineer exercises Engineer’s right to observe materials, the Work, or verify compliance with gradation and material quality requirements, is for Contractor’s benefit. Contractor remains fully responsible for providing the Work in accordance with the Contract Documents.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Verification of Conditions:

1. Provide Engineer with sufficient notice and with means to examine areas and conditions under which riprap Work will be performed. Engineer will advise Contractor in writing when Engineer is aware of conditions that may be detrimental to proper and timely completion of the Work. Do not proceed with the Work until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected.

2. This Article, however, in no way modifies or reduces Contractor’s sole responsibility for complying with the Contract Documents, for construction means, methods, procedures, techniques, and sequences, and for the safety and protection measures incident thereto.

3. Nothing in this Article, including action by Engineer or Resident Project Representative (if any) or Owner’s Site Representative, is for benefit of Contractor.

B. Installing the Work constitutes Contractor’s approval of underlying work, subgrades, and field conditions prevailing at the time of the Work.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Excavation and Subgrade Preparation:

1. Advise Engineer, in writing, not less than five days in advance, of date when Contractor will commence performing riprap Work.

2. Provide temporary erosion and sediment controls in accordance with Section 01 57 05 - Temporary Controls.

3. Perform excavation and filling Work, including compaction of subgrades, in accordance with Section 31 23 05 - Excavation and Fill.

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4. Subgrade Preparation for Riprap:

a. Provide subgrade elevations shown or indicated in the Contract Documents, within the following tolerances:

1) For areas where installed riprap will not be subjected to immersion, and areas of immersion where installation location will be subjected to temporary dewatering during construction: As indicated in Section 31 23 05 - Excavation and Fill indicate other tolerance.

2) For areas where installed riprap will be, or may reasonably be, subjected to immersion and where installation location will not be subject to temporary dewatering during construction: Within 0.3 vertical feet of required elevation.

b. At Contractor’s option, Contractor may increase the thickness of riprap armor stone provided in lieu of adding fill to subgrade. Such modifications, if any, shall be approved in advance by Engineer via issuance of a Field Order.

c. Furnish to Engineer oral or written advisory that subgrade preparation is complete and allow Engineer not less than 24 hours to visit the Site to observe subgrade conditions.

Do not proceed with riprap installation until defects are remedied.

3.3 INSTALLATION

A. Installation Requirements:

1. Comply with this Section’s “Field Quality Control” Article regarding Engineer’s observations required prior to installing subsequent layers of riprap Work.

2. Installation of geotextile separation fabric (if any), aggregate material (if any), underlying riprap armor stone, or riprap armor stone material, on frozen material, ice, or snow is unacceptable.

3. Geotextile Separation Fabric:

a. Install geotextile separation fabric in accordance with Section 31 32 19.16 - Geotextile

Soil Stabilization, unless otherwise required in this Section or elsewhere in the Contract Documents.

b. Ends of geotextile separation fabric shall be buried.

c. Secure geotextile separation fabric by providing pins or weights to prevent displacement prior to or during riprap material installation.

d. Install geotextile separation fabric only after observation of prepared subgrade by

Engineer or Resident Project Representative, if any.

4. Bedding Stone for Riprap:

a. Install bedding stone following observation of geotextile separation fabric installation by Engineer or Resident Project Representative, if any, and Engineer’s concurrence that bedding stone installation may proceed.

b. Install bedding stone in accordance with Section 31 23 05 - Excavation and Fill, unless otherwise required in this Section or elsewhere in the Contract Documents.

c. Compaction of installed bedding stone is not required.

d. Promptly install subsequent materials on installed bedding stone. Contractor is solely responsible for loss, damage, and remedy of bedding stone prior to installation of riprap armor stone.

5. Aggregate Filter Material:

a. Install aggregate filter material following observation of subgrade installation by

Engineer or Resident Project Representative, if any, and Engineer’s concurrence that aggregate filter material installation may proceed.

b. Install aggregate filter material in accordance with Section 31 23 05 - Excavation and Fill, unless otherwise required in this Section or elsewhere in the Contract Documents.

Installed aggregate filter material shall be in layer of uniform thickness unless expressly required otherwise by the Contract Documents.

c. Compaction of aggregate filter material is not required.

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d. Promptly install, within three days of Engineer’s or Resident Project Representative’s (if any) observation and concurrence that installed aggregate filter materials appear acceptable, subsequent materials on installed aggregate filter material. Contractor is solely responsible for loss, damage, and remedy of aggregate filter material prior to installation of riprap armor stone.

6. Riprap Armor Stone Installation:

a. Install riprap armor stone following observation of supporting materials’ installation by

Engineer or Resident Project Representative, if any, and Engineer’s concurrence that riprap armor stone installation may proceed.

b. Install riprap armor stone on prepared surface in accordance with lines and grades shown or indicated in the Contract Documents.

c. Installation Tolerances for Riprap Armor Stone:

1) For riprap installed in dry conditions: Not greater than 0.5 foot, above required top surface elevation as measured over an area of 200 square feet. No tolerance below required top surface elevation.

2) For riprap installed in submerged or partially submerged conditions: Not greater than 0.5 foot, above required top surface elevation as measured over an area of 400 square feet. No tolerance below required top surface elevation.

3) Top of riprap armor stone shall match adjoining grades, allowing positive drainage, especially for riprap installed at or above typical surface water level. Between tops of banks adjoining surface waters, installed riprap shall have smooth transitions that reduce the potential for flow turbulence.

d. Voids Between Riprap Armor Stones: Install riprap armor stone to produce a stable, homogenous mass with a minimum of voids between adjacent pieces of riprap armor stone. Rearranging individual riprap armor stones may be necessary or required to obtain suitable distribution of stone sizes. Fill spaces between stones with spalls of suitable size.

e. Riprap armor stone installation shall not result in the following: breakage of or damage to riprap armor stones, segregation of riprap armor stone by size, introduction of fine materials into riprap armor stone layer, or adverse effects on materials underlying riprap armor stone.

f. Install riprap armor stones so that weight of stone is carried by underlying material and not by adjacent stones.

g. When installing riprap armor stone on a slope, commence installing riprap armor stone at bottom of slope and continuously place stone evenly up to top of slope. On slopes, install largest stones at bottom of slope.

h. Install riprap armor stone to full thickness in a single operation.

i. Do not disturb, displace, or damage underlying material during installation of riprap armor stone.

j. Protect adjacent buildings and structures during riprap installation.

3.4 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Field Tests and Inspections:

1. Furnish to Engineer oral or written advisory that riprap separating and supporting layers, where required, are complete and allow Engineer not less than 24 hours to visit the Site to observe such conditions. Do not install geotextile separation fabric, if any, or subsequent materials, prior to observation of conditions at the Site by Engineer or Resident Project Representative, if any. Do not proceed with riprap installation until defects are remedied.

2. If Engineer has reason to believe installed riprap does not comply with the Contract Documents and field Samples accepted by Engineer, then Engineer may elect to require use of ASTM D5519 Test Method D to determine if installed riprap material complies with the Contract Documents. When Engineer exercises such right, such testing shall be

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3. Compliance with required locations of riprap, surface elevations of riprap armor stone, and quantities of riprap provided will be determined in accordance with the “Measurements Upon Completion of Riprap Work” provision of this Section’s “Price and Payment Procedures” Article, and other measurements and determinations by Engineer.

B. Defective Work:

1. Manual manipulation or redistribution of riprap armor stones may be necessary to correct defects such as abrupt transitions, non-uniform distribution of stone sizes, isolated depressions, holes, isolated raised areas, unstable or non-interlocked stones, other surface anomalies, and other potential defects.

END OF SECTION

c. “Subgrade” means the uppermost surface of native soil material unmoved from cuts; the material on which riprap will be installed.

2. Representative field Samples may be incorporated into the Work upon Engineer’s concurrence.

2. Materials shall be per Florida Department of Transportation standards.

B. Installing the Work constitutes Contractor’s approval of underlying work, subgrades, and field conditions prevailing at the time of the Work.