TR_IDIQ_Att7_Design_Parameters.pdf
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- Trail Maintenance and Constrcution IDIQ Federal contract opportunity
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- 12467018R0077
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Design Parameters
Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.
Designed Use HIKER/PEDESTRIAN Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 2 Trail Class 4 2 Trail Class 5 2
Wilderness (Single Lane)
0” – 12” 6” – 18” 12” – 24” Exception: may be 36” – 48” at steep side slopes
18” – 24” Exception: may be 36” – 48” at steep side slopes
Not applicable
Non-Wilderness (Single Lane)
0” – 12” 6” – 18” 18” – 36”
24” – 60”
36” – 72”
Non-Wilderness (Double Lane)
36” 36” 36” – 60” 48” – 72” 72” – 120”
Design Tread Width
Structures (Minimum Width)
18” 18” 18” 36” 36”
Type Native, ungraded
May be continuously rough
Native, limited grading rough
Native with some onsite borrow or imported material where needed for stabilization, occasional grading
Intermittently rough
Native with improved sections of borrow or imported material, routine grading
Minor roughness
Likely imported material, Uniform, firm, and stable
Protrusions ≤ 24” Likely common and continuous
≤ 6” May be common and continuous
≤ 3” May be common, not continuous
≤ 3 ” Uncommon, not continuous
No protrusions
Design Surface3
Obstacles (Maximum Height)
24”
14”
10”
8”
No obstacles
Target Grade 5% – 25%
5% – 18% 3% – 12% 2% – 10% 2% – 5%
Short Pitch Maximum
40% 35% 25% 15% 5%
FSTAG: 5% – 12%2
Design Grade 3
Maximum Pitch Density 20% – 40% of trail
20% – 30% of trail
10% – 20% of trail
5% – 20% of trail
0% – 5% of trail
10/16/2008
Designed Use HIKER/PEDESTRIAN Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 2 Trail Class 4 2 Trail Class 5 2
Target Cross Slope Natural side slope
5% – 20% 5% – 10% 3% – 7% 2% – 3% (or crowned)
Design Cross Slope Maximum Cross Slope Natural side slope
25% 15% 10% 3%
Height 6’
6’ – 7’ 7’ – 8’ 8’ – 10’ 8’ – 10’
Width ≥ 24” Some vegetation may encroach into clearing area
24” – 48” Some light vegetation may encroach into clearing area
36” – 60”
48” – 72”
60” – 72”
Design Clearing
Shoulder Clearance 3” – 6”
6” – 12” 12” – 18” 12” – 18” 12” – 24”
Turn
Radius No minimum 2’ – 3’ 3’ – 6’ 4’ – 8’ 6’ – 8’
1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum) see FSH 2309.18, section 05.
2 Trail Classes 3, 4, and 5, in particular, have the potential to provide accessible passage. If assessing or designing trails for accessibility, refer to the Forest Service
Trail Accessibility Guidelines (FSTAG) for more specific technical provisions and tolerances (FSM 2350).
3 The determination of trail-specific design grades, design surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall sustainability of the trail.
Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.
Designed Use PACK AND SADDLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
Wilderness (Single Lane)
12” – 18” May be up to 48” along steep side slopes 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
18” – 24” May be up to 48” along steep side slopes 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
24” May be up to 48” along steep side slopes 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
Non-Wilderness (Single Lane)
12” – 24” May be up to 48” along steep side slopes 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
18” – 48” 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
24” – 96” 48” – 60” or greater along precipices
Non-Wilderness (Double Lane)
60” 60” – 84” 84” – 120”
Design Tread Width
Structures (Minimum Width)
Other than -bridges: 36” Bridges without handrails: 60” Bridges with handrails:
84” clear width
Other than bridges: 36” Bridges without handrails:
60” Bridges with handrails:
84” clear width
Other than bridges: 36” Bridges without handrails:
60” Bridges with handrails: 84” clear width
Type Native, limited grading
May be frequently rough
Native with some onsite borrow or imported material where needed for stabilization, occasional grading
Intermittently rough
Native, with improved sections of borrow or imported material, routine grading
Minor roughness
Protrusions ≤ 6” May be common and continuous
≤ 3” May be common, not continuous
≤ 3” Uncommon, not continuous
Design Surface2
Obstacles (Maximum Height)
Typically not designed or actively managed for equestrians, although use may be accepted
12”
6” 3”
Typically not designed or actively managed for equestrians, although
PACK AND SADDLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
Target Grade 5% – 20%
3% – 12% 2% – 10%
30% 20% 15%
Grade 2
Maximum Pitch Density 15% – 20% of trail
5% – 15% of trail 5% – 10% of trail
Target Cross Slope 5% – 10%
3% – 5% 0% – 5% Design
Slope Maximum Cross Slope 10%
8% 5%
Height 8’ – 10’
10’
10’ – 12’
Width 72” Some light vegetation may encroach into
72” – 96”
96”
Shoulder Clearance 6” – 12” Pack clearance: 36” x 36”
12” – 18” Pack clearance: 36” x 36”
12” – 18” Pack clearance: 36” x 36”
Design
Radius
4’ – 5’
5’ – 8’ 6’ – 10’
1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum) see FSH 2309.18, section 05.
2 The determination of trail-specific design grades, design surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall sustainability of the trail.
Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.
Designed Use BICYCLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
Single Lane 6” – 12”
12” – 24” 18” – 36” 24” – 48” 36” – 60”
Double Lane 36” – 48”
36” – 48” 36” – 48” 48” – 84” 72” – 120”
Tread Width
Structures (Minimum Width)
18” 18” 36” 48” 60”
Type Native, un-graded
May be continuously rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be common and continuous
Native, limited grading rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be common material where needed for stabilization, occasional grading
Intermittently rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be present, but not common
Native, routine grading with improved sections of borrow or imported materials
Stable with minor roughness
Likely imported material, Uniform, firm, and stable
Protrusions ≤ 24” Likely common and continuous
≤ 6” May be common and continuous
≤ 3” May be common, not continuous
≤ 3” Uncommon, not continuous
No protrusions
Design Surface2
Obstacles (Maximum Height)
24”
12” 10” 8” No obstacles
Target Grade 5% – 20%
5% – 12% 3% – 10% 2% – 8% 2% – 5%
30% 50% on downhill-only segments
25% 35% on downhill-only segments
15% 10% 8%
Design Grade 2
Maximum Pitch Density 20% – 30% of trail
10% – 30% of trail 10% – 20% of trail 5% – 10% of trail 0% – 5% of trail
BICYCLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
5% – 8% 3% – 8% 3% – 5% 2% – 3% Design
Slope Maximum Cross Slope 10%
10% 8% 5% 5%
Height 6’
6’ – 8’ 8’ 8’ - 9’ 8’ - 9’
Width 24” – 36” Some vegetation may encroach into clearing area
36” – 48” Some light vegetation may encroach into
Shoulder Clearance 0’ – 12”
6” – 12” 6” – 12” 6” – 18” 12” – 18”
Radius 2’ – 3’
3’ – 6’
4’ – 8’
8’ – 10’ 8’ - 12’
1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum) see FSH 2309.18, section 05.
2 The determination of trail-specific design grades, design surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall sustainability of the trail.
Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.
Designed Use MOTORCYCLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
Single Lane 8” – 24”
18” – 36” 24” – 48”
Double Lane 48”
48 ” – 60” 60” – 72”
Tread Width
Structures (Minimum Width)
36” 48” 48”
Type Native, limited grading
May be continuously rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be common and continuous material where needed for stabilization, occasional grading
Intermittently rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be present
Native with imported materials for tread stabilization common, routine grading
Minor roughness
Sections of soft tread not common continuous
≤ 3” May be common, not continuous
≤ 3” Uncommon, not continuous
Design Surface2
Obstacles (Maximum Height)
18” May be common or placed for increased challenge
12” Common, left for increased challenge
3” Uncommon
Target Grade 10% – 25%
5% – 20% 3% – 10%
40% 25% 15%
Grade 2
Maximum Pitch Density
Typically not designed or actively managed for motorcycles, although use may be accepted
20% – 40% of trail
15% – 30% of trail 10% – 20% of trail
Typically not designed or actively managed for motorcycles, although
MOTORCYCLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
5% – 8% 3% – 5% Design
Slope Maximum Cross Slope 15%
10% 10%
Height 6’ – 7’
6’ - 8’ 8’ - 10’
(On steep side-hills, increase clearing on uphill side by 6” – 12”)
36” – 48” Some light vegetation may encroach into
48” – 60”
60” - 72”
Shoulder Clearance 6” – 12”
12” – 18” 12” – 24”
3’ – 4’
4’ – 6’ 5’ – 8’
1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum) see FSH 2309.18, section 05.
2 The determination of trail-specific grades, surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall trail sustainability.
Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.
Designed Use ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
Single Lane 48” – 60”
60” 60” – 72”
Double Lane 96”
96” – 108” 96” – 120”
Tread
Structures (Minimum Width)
60” 60” 60”
Type Native, limited grading
May be continuously rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be common and continuous material where needed for stabilization, occasional grading
Intermittently rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be present
Native with imported materials for tread stabilization common, routine grading
Minor roughness
Sections of soft tread not common continuous
≤ 3” May be common, not continuous
≤ 3” Uncommon, not continuous
Design Surface2
Obstacles (Maximum Height)
12” May be common or placed for increased challenge
6” May be common, left for increased challenge
3”
Target Grade 10% – 25%
5% – 15% 3% – 10%
35% 25% 15%
Grade 2
Maximum Pitch Density
Typically not designed or actively managed for ATVs, although use may be accepted
20% – 40% of trail
15% – 30% of trail
10% – 20% of trail or actively managed for ATVs, although use may be accepted
ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
3% – 8% 3% – 5% Design
10% 8%
Height 6’ – 7’
6’ – 8’ 8’ – 10’
(On steep side hills, increase clearing on uphill side by 6” – 12”)
60” Some light vegetation may encroach into
72” - 96”
Shoulder Clearance 0” – 6”
6” – 12” 12” – 18”
6’ – 8’ 8’ – 10’ 8’ – 12’
1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum) see FSH 2309.18, section 05.
2 The determination of trail-specific grades, surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall sustainability of the trail.
Design Parameters are technical guidelines for the survey, design, construction, maintenance, and assessment of National Forest System trails, based on their Designed Use and Trail Class and consistent with their management intent1. Local deviations from any Design Parameter may be established based on trail-specific conditions, topography, or other factors, provided that the deviations are consistent with the general intent of the applicable Trail Class.
Designed Use FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE > 50" Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
Single Lane 72” – 84”
72” – 96” 96” – 120”
Double Lane 16’
16’ 16’
Tread Width
Structures (Minimum Width)
96” 96” 96”
Type Native, limited grading
May be continuously rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be common and continuous
Native with some onsite borrow or imported material where needed for stabilization, occasional grading
Intermittently rough
Sections of soft or unstable tread on grades < 5% may be present
Native with imported materials for tread stabilization common, routine grading
Minor roughness
Sections of soft tread not common
Protrusions ≤ 12” May be common and continuous
≤ 8” May be common and continuous
≤ 4” May be common and continuous
Design Surface2
Obstacles (Maximum Height)
36” May be common or placed for increased challenge
24” Common, left for increased challenge
12”
Target Grade 10% – 21%
5% – 18% 5% – 12%
25% 20% 15%
Grade2
Maximum Pitch Density
Typically not designed or actively managed for 4WD Vehicles > 50”, although use may be
20% – 30% of trail
10% – 20% of trail 5% – 10% of trail or actively managed for 4WD Vehicles > 50”, although use may be
FOUR WHEEL DRIVE VEHICLE > 50" Trail Class 1 Trail Class 2 Trail Class 3 Trail Class 4 Trail Class 5
Target Cross Slope 8% – 15%
5% – 12% 5% – 8% Design
12% 8%
Height 6’ – 8’
6’ – 8’ 8’ – 10’
Width 72” – 84” Some light vegetation may encroach into
96” - 144”
Shoulder Clearance 0” – 6”
6” – 12” 12” – 18”
10’ – 15’ 15’ – 20’ 20’ – 30’
1 For definitions of Design Parameter attributes (e.g., Design Tread Width and Short Pitch Maximum) see FSH 2309.18, section 05.
2 The determination of trail-specific design grades, design surface, and other Design Parameters should be based upon soils, hydrological conditions, use levels, erosion potential, and other factors contributing to surface stability and overall sustainability of the trail.
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