TO THIS END, THE CONTRACTOR SHALL PROVIDE ON/OFF-SITE PROJECT AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY ENGINEERING SERVICES, INDEPENDENT TESTING, CONTRACTOR-ON-SITE MONITORING, AND INDEPENDENT EVALUATION OF PROJECTS AND/OR PROGRAMS, INCLUDING COST, SCHEDULE, AND AFFORDABILITY ANALYSES, IN ANY PHASE OF THE LIFE-CYCLE. THE CONTRACTOR SHALL ALSO PROVIDE LEADERSHIP OR STAFFING FOR FOCUSED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDIES, ADVANCED SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INDEPENDENT REVIEWS OF ALL ABOVE ACTIVITIES PURSUANT TO TASK ORDERS ISSUED BY THE CONTRACTING OFFICER. THESE SERVICES SHALL INCLUDE THE PERSONNEL, FACILITIES, AND MATERIALS (UNLESS OTHERWISE PROVIDED BY THE GOVERNMENT) TO ACCOMPLISH THE TASKS. TASKS ORDERS WILL BE ISSUED TO PERFORM SERVICES FOR ANY OF GSFC S OR ARC S ORGANIZATIONAL ENTITIES RELATED TO PARTS, COMPONENTS, SOFTWARE, SUBSYSTEMS, SYSTEMS, AND SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS CIRCUMSCRIBED BY AEROSPACE S CORE FUNCTIONS. TYPES OF NASA ENDEAVORS MAY INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO, SPACECRAFT; INSTRUMENTS OR OTHER PAYLOADS; OBSERVATORIES; LAUNCH VEHICLES (FOR SUB-ORBITAL, ORBITAL, LUNAR, OR INTERPLANETARY MISSIONS); LAUNCH ABORT SYSTEMS; ROVERS, LANDERS, OR IMPACT VEHICLES; GROUND SYSTEMS (INCLUDING MISSION OPERATIONS, DATA PROCESSING AND DISSEMINATION, LAUNCH OPERATIONS, ETC.); FACILITIES (E.G. RESEARCH, TEST, LAUNCH); SPACE AND GROUND NETWORKS; BALLOONS; GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT; SIMULATORS; AND NON-FLIGHT MODELS OR PROTOTYPES. ASSESSMENTS MAY INCLUDE SUPPORT (DIRECT OR INDIRECT) TO ARCHITECTURE AND SYSTEMS DEFINITION; STRATEGIC PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY ROAD-MAPPING; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OR TRADES STUDIES (INCLUDING TECHNICAL, COST, SCHEDULE, AND/OR RISK); ACQUISITION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS ENGINEERING; DESIGN ANALYSIS (PRELIMINARY OR DETAILED DESIGN); ASSEMBLY, INTEGRATION, AND TEST; REQUIREMENTS VERIFICATION; TEST INSTRUMENTATION; DATA SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT; LAUNCH AND POST-LAUNCH OPERATIONS; MISSION ASSURANCE (INCLUDING LAUNCH VERIFICATION); SYSTEMS SAFETY; RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY; DOCUMENTATION; MAINTENANCE; SUSTAINING ENGINEERING; SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT; CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT, AND OTHERS. INDEPENDENT INSPECTION, ANALYSIS (INCLUDING MODELING AND SIMULATION), AND/OR TEST SHALL BE USED IN EXECUTION OF THIS SUPPORT.